Radiographer - Knowledge (XXG)

1447:. Formal training programs in radiography range in length that leads to a certificate, an associate or a bachelor's degree. The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT), the primary credentialing organisation for Radiologic Technologists in the United States, requires that candidates for ARRT Certification Exams must have an associate degree at minimum as of January, 2015, effectively ending non-degree granting diploma programs. Accreditation is primarily through The Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JRCERT), the only agency recognised by the United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation to grant accreditation to both traditional and online programs in Radiography, Radiation Therapy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Medical Dosimetry. An online page where prospective students can check the accreditation of programs is maintained by JRCERT. 387: 607:

radiographic appearances; it is for this reason that radiographers often do not interpret or diagnose without further training. Notwithstanding, it is now becoming more common that radiographers have an extended and expanded clinical role, this includes a role in initial radiological diagnosis, diagnosis consultation and what subsequent investigations to conduct. It is not uncommon for radiographers to now conduct procedures which would have previously been undertaken by a cardiologist, urologist, radiologist or oncologist autonomously.

1510:. Schooling also includes significant amounts of documented practicum supervised by Registered Technologists in various clinical settings where the classroom theory is translated to practical knowledge and real world experience. The change from Film to Digital imaging has changed training as film quality assurance and quality control is largely obsolete. The role of computer workstations to produce synthetic images for Radiologists has steadily increased the need for computer skills as has electronic medical record software. 1404:(HCPC). In order to practise Radiography in the United Kingdom candidates must now successfully obtain a pass in a degree level programme from an accredited institution. Degrees are offered by universities across the UK and last for at least 3 years in England, Wales and Northern Ireland; and 4 years in Scotland. Student Diagnostic Radiographers spend a significant amount of time working at various hospitals affiliated with their university during their studies to meet the requirement for registration with the HCPC. 1259:

training program began in 1933 at the Nepal Rajkiya Ayurved School; the Civil Medical School was later established in 1934. Radiological education in Nepal started in 1923 in a 64 bedded Military Hospital, Tri-ChandraElectro-Medical Institute. The post graduate (MSc) program in physics at TU began in 1965 with only Nuclear Physics specialization. In 1972, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) which is affiliated with TU started the Proficiency Certificate Level (PCL) Radiography course however this has since stopped.

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period station local quality criteria. The quality criteria are set every five years by the Paramedics Quality Register, paramedical professional associations. To ensure that the requirements for the patient and the client-oriented exercises and expertise-enhancing activities are safeguarded for the quality of the professional practice. The quality criteria are set up in such a way that paramedics can meet the quality requirements with the set range of expertise-enhancing activities.

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patient with that patient's agreement. An accredited university course must be undertaken before this role extension is annotated onto a HCPC registrant's record. It is thought that in the future Diagnostic Radiographers in will gain independent prescribing rights, however this is currently limited by their restricted and varied scope of practice. In 2016, the introduction of independent prescribing right was agreed for Therapeutic Radiographers after a consultation by the

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and their course is no more than one year shorter. Should the radiographer have a substantial difference between their professional qualifications and those required by CPCM, the radiographer has the right to provide further evidence of competence (including professional experience or CPD), otherwise, the CPCM board should offer the applicant the possibility to do an aptitude test or adaptation period (as chosen by the applicant). A

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radiographer professional is and remains competent in the field of professional practice. Despite the fact that the quality register is not compulsory according to the law, many hospitals are obliged to do it. The hospitals are obliged to provide good quality care. Health insurers also attach great value to the Paramedics Quality Register because they are also required to provide good care.

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result of this the typical career pathway for a radiographer is hard to summarise. Upon qualifying it is common for radiographers to focus solely on plain film radiography before specialising in any one chosen modality. After a number of years in the profession, non-imaging based roles often become open and radiographers may then move into these positions.

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operating team in mainly Orthopaedic and Urology cases, offering surgeons live radiographic imaging. Once qualified, Diagnostic Radiographers are able to acquire X-rays without supervision and work as part of the imaging team. They will have basic head examination qualifications in CT and even basic experience of MRI, Ultrasound and Nuclear Medicine.

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Radiologist (a medical doctor who specialised in interpreting X-rays), Urologist or Cardiologist in the past. This extended practice includes various interventional procedures not excluding barium enemas, barium meals/swallows, peripheral angioplasties, nerve root injections, central line insertions and many other procedures.

1518:(ASRT), a professional association for people in Medical Imaging and Therapy, offers members and others continuing education materials in various media that meet the requirements of the ARRT for continuing education. Additional requirements are set forth for technologists who specialise in mammography by the US FDA. 887: 826: 756: 1513:

After primary training and licensure, continuing education is required to maintain licensure and certification with the ARRT, who sets the accepted national guidelines. The ARRT requires 24 Units of accredited continuing education every two years and the laws and the regulations of most states accept

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Apart from monetary issues, these professional bodies are also in loggerheads over non-doctors requesting to be given top administrative roles in government owned hospitals. Many radiographers, however, do not particularly involve themselves in these movements as working in a private establishment is

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has very limited resources meaning radiological services are rather limited. Nepal is still struggling to improve and manage conventional radiological examinations. Radiological Services in Nepal commenced in 1923 at Military Hospital by Dr. Rana and Dr Asta Bahadur Shrestha. The first health related

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on the recognition of qualifications between member states. In these cases, the professional document and theoretical and practical training are required to be equivalent to the requirements of Malta, i.e. An EQF Level 6 Bachelor's Degree with an equivalent syllabus to that of the University of Malta

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Applicants must have either an approved qualification, a schedule 3 qualification, an appropriate letter of recommendation/accreditation or another qualification which is deemed 'suitably relevant' by registration board in order to successfully fulfil the vocational education requirements to become a

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Radiography is a deeply diverse profession with many different modalities and specialities. It is not uncommon for radiographers to be specialised in more than one modality and even have expertise of interventional procedures themselves; however this depends on the country in which they operate. As a

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By 1959, Jay Singer had studied blood flow by NMR relaxation time measurements of blood in living humans. Such measurements were not introduced into common medical practice until the mid-1980s, although a patent for a whole-body NMR machine to measure blood flow in the human body was already filed by

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pushed for radiography to be used to treat wounded soldiers in World War I. Initially, many kinds of staff conducted radiography in hospitals, including physicists, photographers, physicians, nurses, and engineers. The medical speciality of radiology grew up over many years around the new technology.

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A new and evolving career for Radiologic Technologists is that of the Registered Radiologist Assistant (RRA) who is an experienced technologist (a type of Physician Assistant) who has completed additional education, training, and has passed exams to function as radiologist extenders. A list of the 9

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Diagnostic Radiographers can specialise in-house or through a university course as a postgraduate in CT, MRI, Ultrasound or Nuclear Medicine with opportunities to gain an MSc or PhD in their field. Diagnostic Radiographers in the UK are also taking on roles that were typically only undertaken by the

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The official registration of the radiographer satisfies the educational requirements in the General Administrative Order (AMvB) ex. art. 34 BIG and the quality requirements of the professional group. On the basis of which is carried out radiographer is mentioned in the Diplomaregister Paramedici and

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who interprets them). By the 1930s and 1940s, as it became increasingly apparent that proper interpretation of the images required not only a physician but also one who was specifically trained and experienced in doing so, the differentiation between the roles was formalized. Simultaneously, it also

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and shielding. The relationship between radiation and cancer was found to correlate with women who were in the menopausal stages of their lives. In today's workplace, radiation exposure is monitored very closely and cancer cases in technologists has been found to have decreased tremendously due to

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They specialise in the acquisition of radiographs of General Practitioner referred (GP) patients, Outpatients, Emergency Department (ED) referred patients and Inpatients. They conduct mobile X-rays on wards and in other departments where patients are too critical to be moved and work as part of the

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In Nepal there are 125 vocational health training institutes however only 15 are conducting radiological technological education. Bachelor level radiography education is taught in two universities & one college whereas master level radiography course is taught in one where another university is

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An application form has to be filled along with the necessary authenticated copies of several documents. The application form includes the insertion of personal details of the individual along with the description of qualifications and the university which granted the qualifications. The individual

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material, within the tube. On 3 February 1896 Gilman Frost, professor of medicine at the college, and his brother Edwin Frost, professor of physics, exposed the wrist of Eddie McCarthy, whom Gilman had treated some weeks earlier for a fracture, to the X-rays and collected the resulting image of the

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which he had wrapped in black cardboard to shield its fluorescent glow. He noticed a faint green glow from the screen, about 1 metre away. Röntgen realized some invisible rays coming from the tube were passing through the cardboard to make the screen glow: they were passing through an opaque object

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Some Radiographers in Nigeria are also keen on setting up a "Department of Radiography" in the government owned hospitals which will not be under the Head of the Radiology Department. Some hospitals however have an understanding between the Radiology head (a Radiologist) and the Chief Radiographer

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Radiographers in Nigeria have been striving to extend their practice to include radiographic interpretation and Ultrasound services. They are also on the verge of adopting an official professional title of "Radr" or "Rr" As of 2015. Radiographers in Nigeria normally proceed for a Masters programme

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To practice as a Radiographer or Radiation Therapist in Ireland, one must register with CORU as of 31 October 2015. CORU is Ireland's multi-profession health regulator. Set up under the Health and Social Care Professionals Act 2005, CORU is used to protect the public by promoting high standards of

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Allied Health Unions (such as 'JOHESU' and 'NUAHP') that Radiographers are members of (with Nurses, Pharmacists, Physiotherapists, Laboratory Scientists, etc.), have over the years gone on strike actions to force the Nigerian government to improve their allowances/salaries in the government owned

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To be in the Paramedics Quality Register the radiographer need to request re-registration every five years. The first period of five years is determined on the basis of the diploma date. In case of re-registration, the radiographer must meet the requirements for that period. The start date of the

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Utilises continuous and/or pulses of ionising radiation to visualise the various systems of in the body over period of time. Often used in monitoring a bolus or contrast agent in order to highlight vessels and organs, or to position devices within the body (such as pacemakers, guidewires, stents,

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Radiographers are now able to write reports and diagnose pathologies and/or conditions seen on differing diagnostic media after completing a HCPC and SCoR accredited university course; completing a course in this modality allows the Radiographer to become a reporting Radiographer in their chosen

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must successfully undertake a degree level program at a recognised higher-level education institution in Nursing before undertaking further study in radiographic imaging at university for typically 2 to 3 years; this must include a year's experience in a hospital. Upon completion, graduates are

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In a typical Nigerian Teaching Hospital, radiographers do not undertake sonography examinations, this is left for the radiologists, who, in some areas, have gradually improved their relationship with the radiographers in providing services in other radiographic units. The radiologist is also in

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Until 1997, radiographers were required to register the Evidence of Competence at the Chief of Medical Inspections. This was mandatory under the Law on Paramedic professions. After innovate the law of Individual Health Care Professions (BIG), the registration requirements for radiographers were

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A detailed transcript of Theoretical and Practical Training and Studies in hours associated with the Profession and in relation with the profession syllabus performed by their Institution being the university/College. This has to be endorsed in the original format by the Head/Registrar of their

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Diagnostic Radiographers are able to become supplementary prescribers which allows them the capacity to prescribe medications in partnership with an independent prescriber (a doctor or a dentist); the supplementary prescriber is to implement an agreed Clinical Management Plan for an individual

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In the 1960s and 1970s the results of a very large amount of work on relaxation, diffusion, and chemical exchange of water in cells and tissues of various types appeared in the scientific literature. In 1967, Ligon reported the measurement of NMR relaxation of water in the arms of living human

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The Paramedics Quality Register comes from the BIG. The purpose of the Paramedics Quality Register is to guarantee the quality of professional practice. Through the registration and re-registration (once in five years) it becomes visible for patients, health insurers etc. that the registered

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In Malta, in order for an individual to become a Radiographer he/she first has to follow a course offered by the University of Malta. The course is BSc (Hons) Radiography and its duration is of four years. On completion of the course, the graduate will have the conditions to be eligible for

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On a basic level, radiographers do not generally interpret diagnostic media, rather they evaluate media and make a decision about its diagnostic effectiveness. In order to make this evaluation radiographers must have a comprehensive but not necessarily exhaustive knowledge of pathology and

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Röntgen discovered X-rays' medical use when he made a picture of his wife's hand on a photographic plate formed due to X-rays. The photograph of his wife's hand was the first ever photograph of a human body part using X-rays. When she saw the picture, she said, "I have seen my death."

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This branch of healthcare is extremely varied, especially between different countries, and as a result radiographers in one country often have a completely different role to that of radiographers in another. However, the base responsibilities of the radiographer are summarised below:

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professional conduct, education, training and competence through statutory registration of health and social care professionals. If a radiographer commences clinical practice without registration then they may be prosecuted with a fine or an imprisonment of up to six months.

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Radiography is a regulated profession in Malta and anyone wanting to practice Diagnostic or Therapeutic Radiography would need to obtain state registration in order to be licensed as a Radiographer, obtained from the Council for Professions Complementary to Medicine (CPCM).

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In 2016, 59% of technologists surveyed reported that being overworked lead to risking medical error and threatening patient safety. Being overworked also led to depersonalization due to the emotional drain it takes on technologists' mental health, also putting patients at

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as well. Although a nonspecialist dictionary might define radiography quite narrowly as "taking X-ray images", this has long been only part of the work of "X-ray Departments", Radiographers, and Radiologists. Initially, radiographs were known as roentgenograms, while

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in September 1971; he published the theory behind it in March 1973. The factors leading to image contrast (differences in tissue relaxation time values) had been described nearly 20 years earlier by Erik Odeblad (doctor and scientist) and Gunnar Lindström.

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Radiotherapy was first introduced at Maternity Hospital in 1976 utilising radium needle treatment. CT and Nuclear Medicine was introduced in 1988 at Bir Hospital. The Radiotherapy unit with Tele Cobalt-60 machine was established at Bir Hospital in 1991.

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Registered Radiologist Assistant (RRA), a new advanced practice radiographer career path in the United States for experienced technologists. RRAs do not interpret studies in the manner of the reporting radiographer. The role has been accepted by the

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In Germany radiographers must complete a 3-year apprenticeship before they qualify as a 'Medizinisch-technischer Radiologieassistent'. Only after qualifying do radiographers in Germany fulfil the requirements to practise as a fully qualified MTRA.

1306:/ or the Quality Register Paramedics. By registration, the radiographer continues to be traced by, for example, the Health Care Inspectorate (IGZ) and the professional associations. Other organizations also intend the Quality Register Paramedics. 1181:

A foreign radiographer can work in Malta should the necessary documentation and competencies have been obtained and presented. Radiographers working on Malta should abide by the rules of the host country and title of radiographer will be used.

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discovered the X-ray and noted that, while it could pass through human tissue, it could not pass through bone or metal. Röntgen referred to the radiation as "X", to indicate that it was an unknown type of radiation. He received the first

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Nepal became a member of IAEA in 2008. Since 2008 onwards diploma level radiography courses have been conducted across the country by the Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT) and other affiliated institutions.

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A global overview of the changing roles of radiographers, Cynthia Cowling, International Society of Radiographers and Radiological Technologists (ISRRT), 143 Bryn Pinwydden, Pentwyn, Cardiff, Wales CF23 7DG, UK, Retrieved on 28 October

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Due to constantly maneuvering heavy patients, technologists are at risk for work related injuries from the strain it puts on their bodies. Most technologists who develop a work related injury, later report having more work related

1563:, used in a variety of imaging procedures, can damage cells. Lead shields are used on the patient and by the Radiographer to reduce exposure by shielding areas that do not need to be imaged from the radiation source. While lead is 1067:

Since 2 December 2014, everyone who works at a Medical Imaging department, is obliged to be in possession of the recognition and the visa issued by the Ministry of Health (a professional identity card that is considered a license)

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to differentiate them from Industrial Radiographers. Radiographers must complete a 5-year undergraduate BSc and a compulsory one year paid internship program in a hospital after graduation before attaining a full licensing by the

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Radiographers who are in possession of a valid Certificate of Competence, diploma of certificate and endorse the code of professional conduct of the professional association, can be enroll in the Paramedics historical register.

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To practice a health care profession with a foreign diploma from within the EEA or equivalent in the EEA, it is necessary to request the recognition for the profession from Government of Flanders (Agency of Care and Health).

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The profession of diagnostic radiographer is called "medical imaging technologist", it is a regulated healthcare profession. A diploma of a specific professional Bachelor is a requirement for registration and recognition.

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became increasingly true that just as a radiologic technologist cannot do the radiologist's job, the radiologist also cannot do the radiologic technologist's job, as it requires some knowledge, skills, experience, and

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Radiographers often have opportunities to enter military service due to their role in healthcare. As with most other occupations in the medical field many radiographers have rotating shifts that include night duties.

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In cases where the professional qualification acquired was not obtained from an Accredited Institution in Malta, a letter is to be submitted, issued from the Malta Qualifications Recognition Information Centre

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before they can practice in the Republic of Ireland. Student radiographers training in the ROI will typically study for 4 years on an approved bachelor's degree program; currently degree programs only exist at

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occurred along with some modifications in the physiological functions of those cells. However, these effects have not yet been independently replicated or confirmed, and this particular study was performed

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The Nepal Health Professional Council (NHPC) is the legislative body for registering, accrediting, developing & enforcing quality assurance of Health Professionals, including Radiographers, in Nepal.

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Generally, imaging modalities are all diagnostic, all have the potential to be used therapeutically in order to deliver an intervention. Modalities (or specialities) include but are not limited to:

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precautions must be employed to reduce the risk of infection. Those with family health histories reported feeling increased amount of stress due to concern of bringing infectious diseases home.

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DIRECTIVE 2005/36/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 7 September 2005 on the recognition of professional qualifications (Text with EEA relevance), Retrieved on 7 February 2018

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Preston, D. L.; Kitahara, C. M.; Freedman, D. M.; Sigurdson, A. J.; Simon, S. L.; Little, M. P.; Cahoon, E. K.; Rajaraman, P.; Miller, J. S.; Alexander, B. H.; Doody, M. M. (October 2016).

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Preston, D. L.; Kitahara, C. M.; Freedman, D. M.; Sigurdson, A. J.; Simon, S. L.; Little, M. P.; Cahoon, E. K.; Rajaraman, P.; Miller, J. S.; Alexander, B. H.; Doody, M. M. (October 2016).

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filed (in 1960) a document with the USSR State Committee for Inventions and Discovery at Leningrad for a Magnetic Resonance Imaging device, although this was not approved until the 1970s.

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There are conflicting accounts of his discovery because Röntgen had his lab notes burned after his death, but this is a likely reconstruction by his biographers: Röntgen was investigating

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hospitals. These strikes (when it is not a response on its own) often trigger a response from the Nigerian Medical Association who will also table some requests for the medical doctors.

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Radiographer in the ROI. Applications for registration with qualifications outside of this are considered on an individual basis; typically this includes most international applicants.

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deals with imaging diseases or defects or abnormalities of the female genital and reproductive organs (ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, uterus, cervix, clitoris, labia, and breasts).

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is the use of ultrasonography to track the course of a pregnancy and detect certain embryonic or fetal malformations or diseases, which may be genetic and/or hereditary in nature.

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on 11 January 1896, when he radiographed a needle stuck in the hand of an associate. On 14 February 1896, Hall-Edwards also became the first to use X-rays in a surgical operation.

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tested all of the discharge tubes in the physics laboratory and found that only the Pulyui tube produced X-rays. This was a result of Pulyui's inclusion of an oblique "target" of

1400:. As a result, all of these titles are protected titles within the United Kingdom and can not be used by any persons who has not undertaken formal study and registered with the 865:

Uses radioactive tracers which can be administered to examine how the body and organs function. Certain radioisotopes can also be administered to treat certain cancers, such as

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and a PhD programme in the profession. There is a recent rise in the number of radiographers available in the country unlike the situation of shortage between 2000 – 2010.

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currently accredited RRA programs is maintained by the ARRT and can be accessed online. Candidates for the RRA certification must possess a bachelor's degree at minimum.

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Flow Chart Recognition of Qualifications Establishment, professions ex TITLE III, CH. I 'GENERAL SYSTEM PROFESSIONS' – Directive 2005/36/EC, Retrieved on 7 January 2018

329:'s existence (1897 to the 1930s), there was no standardized differentiation between the roles that we now differentiate as radiologic technologist (a technician in an 3013: 715:

Provides cross-sectional views (slices) of the body; can also reconstruct additional images from those taken to provide more information in either 2D or pseudo-3D.

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this standard. Continuing formal education or the passing of an advanced practice speciality exam may also be accepted for continuing education credit. The

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When new diagnostic tests were developed, it was natural for the radiographers to be trained in and to adopt this new technology. Radiographers now perform

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Erik Odeblad; Baidya Nath Bhar; Gunnar Lindström (July 1956). "Proton magnetic resonance of human red blood cells in heavy water exchange experiments".

2138:"20-03 – The history of MR imaging – MRI NMR Magnetic Resonance • Essentials, introduction, basic principles, facts, history – The primer of EMRF/TRTF" 4141: 2558: 4977: 3471: 1271:

in pipeline. Until recently, therapeutic radiography courses have not been taught in Nepal; radiation therapists are predominantly trained abroad.

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Contrary to what could be inferred, radiographers conduct and contribute to investigations which are not necessarily radiological in nature, e.g.

3338: 2776: 1704: 4512: 3658:"Breast cancer risk and protracted low-to-moderate dose occupational radiation exposure in the US Radiologic Technologists Cohort, 1983–2008" 3601:"Breast cancer risk and protracted low-to-moderate dose occupational radiation exposure in the US Radiologic Technologists Cohort, 1983–2008" 495: 3556:

Yoshinaga, S.; Mabuchi, K.; Sigurdson, A. J.; Doody, M. M.; Ron, E. (2004). "Cancer Risks among Radiologists and Radiologic Technologists".

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can cause physiological changes. After a human neural cell culture was exposed to a static magnetic field for 15 minutes, changes in cell

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Surgical Radiographer, Surgical Technologist, Theatre Radiographer, Theatre Technologist, Trauma & Orthopaedics (T&O) Radiographer

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and private healthcare and can be physically located in any setting where appropriate diagnostic equipment is located, most frequently in

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A recent (six months) verification certificate of current registration and good standing with the council the person are registered with.

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Uses low dose ionising radiation systems to produce images for the diagnosis and/or staging of breast disease, primarily breast cancer.

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cancelled. A voluntary register has been set up in consultation with the Health Care Inspectorate: the Paramedics Quality Register.

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Original or authenticated copies of the following documents (English versions): a. Birth and marriage (if applicable) certificates.

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opened a radiographic laboratory in the United Kingdom in 1896, before the dangers of ionizing radiation were discovered. Indeed,

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NHS England: Changes in medicines legislation for Dietitians, Orthoptists and Therapeutic Radiographers. Retrieved on 2016-10-29.

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can deform cells in the imaging field, if those cells are in a fluid. However, this effect is not sufficient to damage the cells.

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Enforcement of radiation protection (There is a duty of care to patients, colleagues and any lay persons that may be irradiated.)

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REQUIREMENTS FOR REGISTRATION WITH THE COUNCIL FOR THE PROFESSIONS COMPLEMENTARY TO MEDICINE], Retrieved on 7 February 2018

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is the professional body and union for UK radiographers. In the United Kingdom, there is ambiguity in the use of the term

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Formulier om met een buitenlands diploma een erkenning aan the vragen voor een paramedish beroep, retrieved on 7/02/2018

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Lauterbur PC (1973). "Image Formation by Induced Local Interactions: Examples of Employing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance".

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Imaging of the cardiovascular system, may be diagnostic or therapeutic in nature. Is utilised under the specialities of

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Odeblad E; Lindström G (1955). "Some preliminary observations on the proton magnetic resonance in biological samples".

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Mammographer, Mammography Radiographer, Mammography Technologist, Mammographic Radiographer, Mammographic Technologist

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Fluoroscoper, Fluoroscopy Radiographer, Fluoroscopy Technologist, Fluoroscopic Radiographer, Fluoroscopic Technologist

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which aims to give direction to the profession as a whole through collaboration with national representative bodies.

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charge of specific Fluoroscopic cases where the radiographer assists only with positioning and image acquisition.

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The person have obtained their degree in one of the countries of the European Economic Area (EEA) or Switzerland.

1000:– A clinical role involved with interpretation of radiographs and various other radiological media for diagnosis. 897: 330: 275: 949:

Non-imaging modalities vary, and are often undertaken in addition to imaging modalities. They commonly include:

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Prefixes such as pediatric, geriatric, trauma are routinely placed used in conjunction with professional titles.

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in the clinical environment; this phrase has emerged in popular culture such as television programmes. The term

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who have undergone the initial 5-year Radiography program before proceeding to the Radiotherapy training.

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to assess patients, develop optimum radiological techniques and evaluate the resulting radiographic media.

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The person have a diploma of their healthcare profession and want to practice their profession in Belgium.

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Utilises ionising radiation in the examination of internal organs, bones, cavities and foreign objects.

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has to declare whether he or she is registered with another Health Care Profession Register in Malta.

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as this does not differentiate between Therapeutic Radiographers (also known as Radiotherapists) and

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Piper, K.; Cox, S.; Paterson, A.; Thomas, A.; Thomas, N.; Jeyagopal, N.; Woznitza, N. (1 May 2014).

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Epidemiological studies indicate that Radiographers employed before 1950 are at increased risk of

5065: 4955: 4804: 4799: 4700: 4583: 4438: 4189: 4033: 3581: 3050:"Optimizing patient care in radiology through team-working: A case study from the United Kingdom" 2594: 2497: 2245: 2202: 2017: 1560: 431: 2854: 2755: 1237:

countries, once the application is submitted, it will follow the regulations established on the

980:– Managerial role concerned with maintaining and supervising appropriate and correct use of the 841:

Nuclear Medicine Radiographer, Nuclear Medicine Technologist, RNI Radiographer, RNI Technologist

355: 2915: 1085:

Or the person's diploma is equivalent in a country of the EEA and they are a European national.

313: 4794: 4759: 4754: 4695: 4443: 4292: 4025: 4017: 3978: 3970: 3939: 3921: 3882: 3825: 3748: 3695: 3677: 3638: 3620: 3573: 3536: 3490: 3256: 2935:

Working as a Radiographer in Malta – The Council for the Professions Complementary to Medicine

2738: 2720: 2647: 2534: 2489: 2384: 2333: 2268: 2110: 2073: 1974: 1943: 1935: 1866: 1807: 1624: 1507: 1491: 1463: 1115: 1029: 965: 499: 418: 399: 279: 240: 3767: 1801: 538:

subjects. In 1968, Jackson and Langham published the first NMR signals from a living animal.

4732: 4621: 4480: 4252: 4204: 4009: 3929: 3913: 3872: 3864: 3815: 3805: 3738: 3685: 3669: 3628: 3612: 3565: 3194: 3123: 3092: 3061: 2728: 2712: 2639: 2617: 2572: 2481: 2374: 2307: 2237: 2194: 2102: 2065: 2056: 2009: 1992: 1925: 1571: 1123: 836: 831:

Uses magnetic resonance and radiofrequency pulses for static, dynamic and function imaging.

743: 463: 160: 4830: 4282: 4248: 4221: 4216: 4150: 3146: 3035: 3029: 3017: 2999: 2932: 2878: 2860: 2780: 2762: 1708: 1495: 1487: 1479: 971: 326: 228: 180: 3368: 3316: 1189:

Below is a list of the documents needed for a professional to register with the council:

3860: 3442: 3294: 2635: 2477: 2370: 2303: 2233: 2190: 2005: 1028:

Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the

892:

Images anatomy and related pathology (such as cancer or cardiopulmonary diseases) using

4972: 3958: 3934: 3901: 3877: 3844: 3690: 3657: 3633: 3600: 2774: 2733: 2700: 1579: 1575: 1564: 1503: 1415:

The professional body and workers union for Radiographers in the United Kingdom is the

1246:

explaining this procedure for EEA applicants can be found on the government's website.

866: 410: 375: 3996:

Shields, Melissa; James, Daphne; McCormack, Lynne; Warren-Forward, Helen (June 2021).

3820: 3793: 522:

produced a one-dimensional NMR spectrum as reported in his Harvard PhD thesis. In the

434:

obtained from Howard Langill, a local photographer also interested in Röntgen's work.

17: 5059: 4604: 4573: 4561: 4556: 4314: 4209: 4037: 2926: 2106: 671: 555: 476: 343: 289:

Radiographers are represented by a variety of organizations worldwide, including the

232: 3900:

Zhang, Zhe; Lu, Yaoqin; Yong, Xianting; Li, Jianwen; Liu, Jiwen (24 December 2020).

3585: 3112:"Chest reporting by radiographers: Findings of an accredited postgraduate programme" 2501: 2249: 2206: 4987: 4840: 4835: 4742: 4566: 4551: 4485: 2944: 2021: 1499: 1376: 1098:

Similar to other countries, they work within the areas of radiography diagnostics (

547: 523: 379: 367: 318: 119: 3081:"MRI reporting by radiographers: Findings of an accredited postgraduate programme" 2485: 3743: 3726: 2442: 1364:

where all radiographers are directly answerable to their Chief, and not the HOD.

4910: 4465: 4297: 4287: 4267: 4257: 4199: 4194: 4163: 3845:"Deformation of biological cells in the acoustic field of an oscillating bubble" 3420: 1690: 1583: 1549: 1107: 790: 766: 662: 519: 507: 455: 447: 442: 426: 371: 351: 334: 308: 196: 111: 4013: 3868: 3127: 3096: 3065: 879:

Sonographer, Ultrasound Radiographer, Ultrasound Technologist, Ultrasonographer

748:

Sonographer, Ultrasound Radiographer, Ultrasound Technologist, Ultrasonographer

417:'s design. In January 1896, on reading of Röntgen's discovery, Frank Austin of 4546: 4309: 4304: 4272: 3998:"Burnout in the disciplines of medical radiation science: A systematic review" 3569: 2137: 2069: 2036: 1930: 1913: 1666: 1609: 1455: 959: 893: 874: 689: 611: 559: 515: 459: 414: 403: 123: 4021: 3974: 3925: 3681: 3624: 3387:"R.R.A. FAQs | ARRT - the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists" 2724: 2519:"A SHORT HISTORY OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FROM A EUROPEAN POINT OF VIEW" 2420: 2241: 1939: 4873: 4809: 4262: 3997: 2406: 2272: 1483: 1467: 997: 567: 563: 338: 283: 244: 236: 184: 135: 115: 31: 4115:

International Society of Radiographers and Radiologic Technologists (ISRRT)

4029: 3982: 3943: 3886: 3829: 3810: 3794:"Biological effects of exposure to magnetic resonance imaging: an overview" 3752: 3699: 3642: 3577: 2742: 2493: 2388: 2198: 2114: 2077: 1014: 104:

The use of technology to produce diagnostically useful radiographic media.

2845:

UCD: Graduate studies in diagnostic imaging. Retrieved on 28 October 2014.

2792: 2651: 1947: 1049:

Education varies worldwide due to legal limitations on scope of practice.

247:. Radiographers are infrequently, and almost always erroneously, known as 4896: 3673: 3616: 2756:

Royal College of Radiologists: Radiographer performed Hysterosalpingogram

1603: 1545: 1099: 953: 3917: 3140: 2906:, Registering as a Radiographer in Ireland, retrieved on 7 February 2018 1178:

registration with the council for professions complementary to Medicine

4925: 4328: 3295:"Earn CE Credits – American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT)" 2220:

Hahn, E. L. (1950). "Nuclear Induction Due to Free Larmor Precession".

2156:"Europe celebrates the forgotten pioneer of MRI: Dr. Erik Odeblad" 1475: 1471: 1459: 1451: 1324: 1026:

about country specific radiographer roles and educational requirements.

924: 909: 859: 802: 778: 732: 709: 678: 551: 143: 139: 107: 3276: 3159: 2643: 2312: 2287: 1960:

Ritchey, B; Orban, B: "The Crests of the Interdental Alveolar Septa,"

4920: 2814: 2716: 2013: 1587: 852: 705:

Computed Tomography (CT) (incl. MDCT/MSCT, EBCT, Sequential CT, etc.)

354:

can both be traced to 8 November 1895, when German physics professor

291:

International Society of Radiographers and Radiological Technologists

3020:

SCoR: Education approval and accreditation. Retrieved on 2014-10-25.

2379: 2354: 1890: 584:

Contribute to and participate in continuing professional development

51:

A radiographer with a radiographic examination table and X-Ray tube.

1157:

The professional body representing Radiographers in the ROI is the

479:

words for "shadow" and "writer") was used until about 1918 to mean

4947: 4158: 4119: 2794:

Regulated healthcare professions in Belgium, retrieved on 7/2/2018

667:

Angiographer, Angiography Technologist, Angigographic Technologist

385: 312: 3214: 1803:

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen and the early history of the roentgen rays

1570:

Radiographers who develop x-ray films are exposed to the various

930:

Images anatomy and related pathology during surgical procedures.

670:

Fluoroscopy and/or Image Intensification Radiography mostly with

2881:

CORU, Radiographer Guidance Notes. Retrieved on 28 October 2014.

1380:

qualified X-Ray Technicians and can commence clinical practice.

886: 825: 755: 422: 297: 4123: 3390: 2890: 2803: 2332:. Vol. 1. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley and Sons. 1996. p. 253. 409:

The United States saw its first medical X-ray obtained using a

3727:"Metabisulphite-induced occupational asthma in a radiographer" 3443:"Become a Radiologist Assistant: Education and Career Roadmap" 2917:, CORU registration requirements, retrieved on 7 February 2018 1594: 1008: 725:

Diagnostic Radiographer, Radiographer, Radiologic Technologist

3048:

Woznitza, N.; Piper, K.; Rowe, S.; West, C. (1 August 2014).

2863:

NUIG: Your path to Radiography. Retrieved on 28 October 2014.

1218:

A secure English Language test (SELT) for foreign applicants.

4110:

Irish Institute of Radiography and Radiation Therapy (IIRRT)

1832:"'I Have Seen My Death': How the World Discovered the X-Ray" 1711:

ISRRT: Statutes word document. Retrieved on 28 October 2014.

1159:

Irish Institute of Radiography and Radiation Therapy (IIRRT)

855:(all with or without the involvement of Radioactive Tracers) 4052:"The Time to Combat Radiologic Technologist Burnout is Now" 761:

Utilises 2D, 3D and Doppler Sonography to image the heart.

437:

X-rays were put to diagnostic use very early; for example,

2464:

Singer RJ (1959). "Blood-flow rates by NMR measurements".

1434:

Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)

3079:

Piper, Keith; Buscall, Kaie; Thomas, Nigel (1 May 2010).

398:

The first use of X-rays under clinical conditions was by

3185:

HCPC: Medicine and Prescribing. Retrieved on 2014-10-25.

2265:

Free Precession Techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

853:

Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography(PET-CT)

4109: 3038:

SCoR: A Career in Radiography. Retrieved on 2014-10-25.

2678:"17. Professional responsibilities of the radiographer" 2521:. emrf.org. Archived from the original on 13 April 2007 1652: 1443:

In the United States, these professionals are known as

599:

Safe, efficient and correct use of diagnostic equipment

4104: 2573:"In Focus – First MAGNETOM scanner in the USA in 1983" 1863:

Taming the Rays: a history of radiation and protection

546:

A radiographer uses their expertise and knowledge of

1914:"The first clinical X-ray made in America—100 years" 1615:

As with any allied health professional, exposure to

1593:

Theoretically, the strong static magnetic fields of

5014: 4986: 4942: 4891: 4868: 4858: 4823: 4740: 4731: 4582: 4498: 4458: 4377: 4336: 4327: 4171: 4157: 1771:"5 unbelievable things about X-rays you can't miss" 1327:, these professionals are generally referred to as 1254:As a developing country, the health care sector in 818:

MR Radiographer, MR Technologist, Neuroradiographer

702:

CT Radiographer, CT Technologist, Neuroradiographer

190: 171: 149: 100: 95: 83: 73: 61: 56: 845:Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) 4002:Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences 3959:"Technologist Stressors and Supportive Responses" 2267:(PhD thesis). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University. 2132: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2124: 164: 3715:. Hps.org (2011-08-27). Retrieved on 2012-01-27. 2827:"BERUFENET – Berufsinformationen einfach finden" 2667:, prospects.ac.uk. Retrieved on 29 October 2014. 2539:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 837:Nuclear Medicine (NM)/Radionuclide Imaging (RNI) 692:within a Cath Lab (Catheterisation Laboratory). 3768:"Legal Issues in Radiography: Darkroom Disease" 2699:Murphy, Andrew; Neep, Michael (29 April 2018). 2421:"Патенты автора ИВАНОВ ВЛАДИСЛАВ АЛЕКСАНДРОВИЧ" 1199:Identification document such as ID or Passport. 163:), or diploma in less developed countries; see 4077:"Reducing Injuries in Radiology Technologists" 2892:IIRRT: About us. Retrieved on 28 October 2014. 2783:Angiom Alliance. Retrieved on 29 October 2014. 1075:It is possible to request the recognition if: 490:includes many researchers who have discovered 4135: 3792:Formica, Domenico; Silvestri, Sergio (2004). 8: 1686: 1684: 1516:American Society of Radiologic Technologists 940:This list of technologies is not exhaustive. 39: 1417:Society and College of Radiographers (SCoR) 1338:Radiographers Registration Board of Nigeria 4865: 4747: 4737: 4333: 4177: 4168: 4142: 4128: 4120: 2355:"Russian claims first in magnetic imaging" 2329:Encyclopedia of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 641: 590:Justification of radiographic examinations 3933: 3876: 3819: 3809: 3742: 3689: 3632: 3149:SCoR: Reporting. Retrieved on 2014-10-25. 2946:Radiography, Retrieved on 7 February 2018 2732: 2378: 2311: 1929: 1889:. Birmingham City Council. Archived from 1667:""Grey's Anatomy" (2205) – Episodes Cast" 1212:Institution being the university/College. 255:they are often informally referred to as 4978:Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging 2665:Diagnostic Radiographer: Job description 1552:, most likely due to the lack of use of 2513: 2511: 2094:Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1749:"The Nobel Prizes in Physics 1901–2000" 1645: 656: 498:, but it is regarded to be invented by 3766:Batch, James; Nowlan, Patrick (2003). 3541:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 3534: 3495:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 3488: 3261:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 3254: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2900: 2898: 2532: 1979:. Electrical World. 1896. p. 372. 38: 2705:Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences 2616:Jackson JA; Langham WH (April 1968). 1825: 1823: 1806:. Norman Publishing. pp. 10–15. 1747:Karlsson, Erik B. (9 February 2000). 1450:Radiologic Technology students study 1205:Professional Document Diploma/Degree. 7: 3713:Lead Garments (Aprons, Gloves, etc.) 1655:. Camrt.ca. Retrieved on 2012-01-27. 1256:Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal 2805:Geschiedenis, retrieved on 7/2/2018 1830:Markel, Howard (20 December 2012). 1621:Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 1402:Health and Care Professions Council 1158: 1142: 798:Mammographic Plain Film Radiography 4785:Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy 3843:Zinin, Pavel; Allen, John (2009). 1202:Recent Police Conduct certificate. 25: 3160:"BNF is only available in the UK" 1918:American Journal of Roentgenology 1751:. Stockholm: The Nobel Foundation 602:Supervise students and assistants 534:Alexander Ganssen in early 1967. 317:Taking an X-ray image with early 5040: 5039: 2623:Review of Scientific Instruments 2405:. 17 August 2005. Archived from 2403:"Известия Науки – Научная жизнь" 1208:Letters of Reference in English. 1013: 923: 885: 858: 824: 821:Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 801: 777: 754: 731: 708: 677: 581:Accountability as a professional 251:In countries that use the title 45: 4542:Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) 2765:. Retrieved on 29 October 2014. 2591:"Nachruf auf Alexander Ganssen" 2353:MacWilliams B (November 2003). 1557:the current prevention methods. 1284:The Quality Register Paramedics 1112:digital subtraction angiography 648:Examples of Professional Titles 439:Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton 333:who obtains the images) versus 325:For the first three decades of 221:medical radiation technologists 4790:Radioactive iodine uptake test 2680:. The Society of Radiographers 2439:"Best Regards to Alfred Nobel" 2288:"Field Gradients in Early MRI" 2041:Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 1141:(ROI) must be registered with 791:Mammography/Breast Radiography 596:Production of diagnostic media 425:, used for holding samples of 383:to affect the film behind it. 1: 4770:Radionuclide ventriculography 4244:Lower gastrointestinal series 4236:Upper gastrointestinal series 3957:Kasner, Sydney (1 May 2020). 3798:BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2618:"Whole-body NMR spectrometer" 2486:10.1126/science.130.3389.1652 2286:Carr, Herman Y. (July 2004). 1533:American College of Radiology 882:2D, 3D and Doppler Sonography 751:2D, 3D and Doppler Sonography 4961:Optical coherence tomography 4883:Myocardial perfusion imaging 4471:Dental panoramic radiography 3744:10.1183/09031936.05.00024304 3731:European Respiratory Journal 2107:10.1016/0003-9861(56)90025-X 1492:emergency medical procedures 1221:Curriculum Vitae in English. 1054:Limited radiology technician 1005:Education and role variation 910:Surgical/Theatre Radiography 849:Positron Emission Tomography 728:Plain Film Radiography (PFD) 165:Education and Role Variation 2831:berufenet.arbeitsagentur.de 1340:. The board also registers 902:Gynecologic ultrasonography 432:gelatin photographic plates 374:screen painted with barium 276:allied health professionals 5097: 4765:Ventilation/perfusion scan 4240:Small-bowel follow-through 4014:10.1016/j.jmir.2021.04.001 3869:10.1103/PhysRevE.79.021910 3445:. Study.com. 28 April 2020 3128:10.1016/j.radi.2014.01.003 3097:10.1016/j.radi.2009.10.017 3066:10.1016/j.radi.2014.02.007 3002:CAT – Career Advisory Tool 1912:Spiegel, Peter K. (1995). 1496:medical imaging techniques 1488:radiologic instrumentation 1104:magnetic resonance imaging 1051: 875:Sonography/Ultrasonography 814:Magnetic Resonance Imaging 616:magnetic resonance imaging 578:Autonomy as a professional 488:magnetic resonance imaging 468:magnetic resonance imaging 350:Radiography's origins and 309:Radiography § History 306: 295: 29: 5076:Allied health professions 5035: 5006:Dynamic angiothermography 4750: 4674:Abdominal ultrasonography 4180: 3662:British Journal of Cancer 3605:British Journal of Cancer 3570:10.1148/radiol.2332031119 2070:10.3109/00016925509172514 1931:10.2214/ajr.164.1.7998549 1887:"Major John Hall-Edwards" 1586:. These agents can cause 1148:University College Dublin 898:Obstetric ultrasonography 346:that are specific to it. 44: 4996:Non-contact thermography 4775:Radionuclide angiography 4627:Doppler echocardiography 3912:: e927848–1–e927848-13. 3775:Legal Issues in Business 3207:"Education Requirements" 2242:10.1103/physrev.77.297.2 1722:"History of Radiography" 1590:and other health issues. 1445:Radiologic Technologists 1398:Diagnostic Radiographers 1233:For applicants from the 686:Interventional radiology 331:allied health profession 265:therapeutic radiographer 225:healthcare professionals 217:diagnostic radiographers 213:radiologic technologists 90:Allied health profession 67:Diagnostic Radiographer, 30:Not to be confused with 4780:Radioisotope renography 3906:Medical Science Monitor 3369:"Radiologist Assistant" 3339:"Radiologist Assistant" 3016:26 October 2014 at the 2998:28 October 2014 at the 2877:29 October 2014 at the 2859:29 October 2014 at the 2761:30 October 2014 at the 1865:. lulu.com. p. 3. 1861:Meggitt, Geoff (2008). 1728:. Iowa State University 1707:29 October 2014 at the 918:X-ray image intensifier 514:were first detected by 253:radiologic technologist 69:Radiologic Technologist 27:Healthcare professional 4815:Gastric emptying study 3811:10.1186/1475-925X-3-11 2199:10.1103/PhysRev.80.580 2142:magnetic-resonance.org 1800:Glasser, Otto (1993). 1619:is likely, and use of 1235:European Economic Area 1024:is missing information 945:Non-imaging modalities 721:Diagnostic Radiography 663:Angiography/Venography 496:its underlying physics 391: 361:Nobel Prize in Physics 322: 321:apparatus, late 1800s. 227:who specialise in the 179:Healthcare, Military, 106:Requires knowledge of 18:Radiology technologist 4476:X-ray motion analysis 4359:X-ray microtomography 4278:Hysterosalpingography 4185:Pneumoencephalography 3963:Radiologic Technology 3413:"ARRT Authentication" 3034:16 March 2015 at the 2931:21 March 2018 at the 2263:Carr, Herman (1952). 1838:. PBS. Archived from 1333:Medical Radiographers 1052:Further information: 998:Reporting Radiography 389: 352:fluoroscopy's origins 316: 296:Further information: 167:for more information. 5001:Contact thermography 4711:Emergency ultrasound 4649:Transcranial Doppler 4400:Abdominal and pelvis 3674:10.1038/bjc.2016.292 3617:10.1038/bjc.2016.292 3145:26 July 2014 at the 2779:4 March 2016 at the 2160:AuntMinnieEurope.com 2037:"The history of MRI" 1976:The Electrical world 1893:on 28 September 2012 1554:radiation monitoring 1239:Directive 2005/36/EC 1120:radiation dosimeters 992:Radiation Protection 512:free induction decay 390:The first radiograph 263:can also refer to a 157:undergraduate degree 128:Radiation Protection 4968:Confocal microscopy 4846:Indium-111 WBC scan 4669:Echoencephalography 4405:Virtual colonoscopy 3918:10.12659/MSM.927848 3861:2009PhRvE..79b1910Z 3725:Merget, R. (2005). 2636:1968RScI...39..510J 2478:1959Sci...130.1652S 2472:(3389): 1652–1653. 2445:on 13 December 2009 2371:2003Natur.426..375M 2304:2004PhT....57g..83C 2234:1950PhRv...77..297H 2191:1950PhRv...80..580H 2173:Hahn, E.L. (1950). 2006:1973Natur.242..190L 1781:on 24 December 2020 1726:NDT Resource Center 1617:infectious diseases 1139:Republic of Ireland 960:Clinical Management 698:Computed Tomography 452:computed tomography 404:Birmingham, England 363:for his discovery. 269:radiation therapist 201:Radiation therapist 41: 4956:Optical tomography 4805:Dacryoscintigraphy 4800:Immunoscintigraphy 4439:Whole body imaging 4190:Dental radiography 4056:Diagnostic Imaging 2409:on 17 August 2005. 1610:Ultrasound imaging 1561:Ionising radiation 635:Imaging modalities 542:Role in healthcare 392: 323: 274:Radiographers are 267:, also known as a 249:x-ray technicians. 151:Education required 5053: 5052: 5015:Target conditions 4938: 4937: 4934: 4933: 4854: 4853: 4795:Bone scintigraphy 4760:Scintimammography 4755:Cholescintigraphy 4600:contrast-enhanced 4494: 4493: 4454: 4453: 4444:Full-body CT scan 4344:General operation 4323: 4322: 4293:Angiocardiography 3849:Physical Review E 3423:on 19 August 2014 3393:on 19 August 2014 3349:on 19 August 2014 3313:"ARRT CE Credits" 3243:on 19 August 2014 3217:on 19 August 2014 2644:10.1063/1.1683420 2425:www.findpatent.ru 2313:10.1063/1.1784322 2035:Rinck PA (2014). 1842:on 20 August 2020 1625:infection control 1522:Expanded practice 1508:general chemistry 1464:radiopharmacology 1423:Expanded practice 1373:X-Ray Technicians 1116:radiation therapy 1047: 1046: 966:Clinical Research 956:– Education role. 934: 933: 500:Paul C. Lauterbur 419:Dartmouth College 400:John Hall-Edwards 280:public healthcare 278:who work in both 206: 205: 16:(Redirected from 5088: 5043: 5042: 4866: 4748: 4738: 4622:Echocardiography 4481:Hounsfield scale 4334: 4253:Cholecystography 4178: 4169: 4144: 4137: 4130: 4121: 4092: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4073: 4067: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4048: 4042: 4041: 3993: 3987: 3986: 3954: 3948: 3947: 3937: 3897: 3891: 3890: 3880: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3823: 3813: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3772: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3746: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3704: 3703: 3693: 3668:(9): 1105–1112. 3653: 3647: 3646: 3636: 3611:(9): 1105–1112. 3596: 3590: 3589: 3553: 3547: 3546: 3540: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3522: 3516:. Archived from 3515: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3494: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3476: 3470:. Archived from 3469: 3461: 3455: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3439: 3433: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3419:. Archived from 3409: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3389:. Archived from 3383: 3377: 3376: 3365: 3359: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3345:. Archived from 3335: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3315:. Archived from 3309: 3303: 3302: 3291: 3285: 3284: 3273: 3267: 3266: 3260: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3239:. Archived from 3233: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3213:. Archived from 3203: 3197: 3192: 3186: 3181: 3175: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3156: 3150: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3045: 3039: 3027: 3021: 3009: 3003: 2991: 2985: 2980: 2974: 2969: 2963: 2958: 2947: 2942: 2936: 2924: 2918: 2913: 2907: 2902: 2893: 2888: 2882: 2870: 2864: 2852: 2846: 2841: 2835: 2834: 2823: 2817: 2812: 2806: 2801: 2795: 2790: 2784: 2772: 2766: 2753: 2747: 2746: 2736: 2717:10.1002/jmrs.278 2696: 2690: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2656: 2655: 2613: 2607: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2593:. Archived from 2587: 2581: 2580: 2569: 2563: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2551: 2545: 2544: 2538: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2515: 2506: 2505: 2461: 2455: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2441:. Archived from 2435: 2429: 2428: 2417: 2411: 2410: 2399: 2393: 2392: 2382: 2350: 2344: 2343: 2324: 2318: 2317: 2315: 2283: 2277: 2276: 2260: 2254: 2253: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2170: 2164: 2163: 2152: 2146: 2145: 2134: 2119: 2118: 2088: 2082: 2081: 2057:Acta Radiologica 2051: 2045: 2044: 2032: 2026: 2025: 2014:10.1038/242190a0 1987: 1981: 1980: 1971: 1965: 1958: 1952: 1951: 1933: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1883: 1877: 1876: 1858: 1852: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1827: 1818: 1817: 1797: 1791: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1777:. Archived from 1767: 1761: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1744: 1738: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1718: 1712: 1700: 1694: 1688: 1679: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1662: 1656: 1650: 1572:chemical hazards 1360:more lucrative. 1193:Application Form 1124:nuclear medicine 1042: 1039: 1033: 1017: 1009: 968:– Research role. 927: 889: 862: 828: 805: 781: 758: 744:Echocardiography 735: 712: 681: 642: 528:Vladislav Ivanov 464:nuclear medicine 211:, also known as 85:Activity sectors 49: 42: 21: 5096: 5095: 5091: 5090: 5089: 5087: 5086: 5085: 5056: 5055: 5054: 5049: 5031: 5010: 4982: 4930: 4916:PET mammography 4887: 4850: 4836:Gallium-67 scan 4831:Octreotide scan 4819: 4727: 4578: 4490: 4450: 4373: 4354:High-resolution 4319: 4283:Skeletal survey 4249:Cholangiography 4162: 4153: 4151:Medical imaging 4148: 4101: 4096: 4095: 4085: 4083: 4075: 4074: 4070: 4060: 4058: 4050: 4049: 4045: 3995: 3994: 3990: 3956: 3955: 3951: 3899: 3898: 3894: 3842: 3841: 3837: 3791: 3790: 3786: 3770: 3765: 3764: 3760: 3724: 3723: 3719: 3711: 3707: 3655: 3654: 3650: 3598: 3597: 3593: 3555: 3554: 3550: 3533: 3526: 3524: 3523:on 4 April 2013 3520: 3513: 3511:"Archived copy" 3509: 3508: 3504: 3487: 3480: 3478: 3477:on 4 April 2013 3474: 3467: 3465:"Archived copy" 3463: 3462: 3458: 3448: 3446: 3441: 3440: 3436: 3426: 3424: 3411: 3410: 3406: 3396: 3394: 3385: 3384: 3380: 3367: 3366: 3362: 3352: 3350: 3337: 3336: 3332: 3322: 3320: 3311: 3310: 3306: 3293: 3292: 3288: 3275: 3274: 3270: 3253: 3246: 3244: 3237:"Archived copy" 3235: 3234: 3230: 3220: 3218: 3205: 3204: 3200: 3193: 3189: 3182: 3178: 3168: 3166: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3147:Wayback Machine 3139: 3135: 3109: 3108: 3104: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3047: 3046: 3042: 3036:Wayback Machine 3028: 3024: 3018:Wayback Machine 3010: 3006: 3000:Wayback Machine 2992: 2988: 2981: 2977: 2970: 2966: 2959: 2950: 2943: 2939: 2933:Wayback Machine 2925: 2921: 2914: 2910: 2903: 2896: 2889: 2885: 2879:Wayback Machine 2871: 2867: 2861:Wayback Machine 2853: 2849: 2842: 2838: 2825: 2824: 2820: 2813: 2809: 2802: 2798: 2791: 2787: 2781:Wayback Machine 2773: 2769: 2763:Wayback Machine 2754: 2750: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2683: 2681: 2676: 2675: 2671: 2663: 2659: 2615: 2614: 2610: 2600: 2598: 2589: 2588: 2584: 2577:www.siemens.com 2571: 2570: 2566: 2559: 2553: 2552: 2548: 2531: 2524: 2522: 2517: 2516: 2509: 2463: 2462: 2458: 2448: 2446: 2437: 2436: 2432: 2419: 2418: 2414: 2401: 2400: 2396: 2380:10.1038/426375a 2352: 2351: 2347: 2340: 2326: 2325: 2321: 2285: 2284: 2280: 2262: 2261: 2257: 2222:Physical Review 2219: 2218: 2214: 2179:Physical Review 2172: 2171: 2167: 2154: 2153: 2149: 2136: 2135: 2122: 2090: 2089: 2085: 2053: 2052: 2048: 2043:(8th ed.). 2034: 2033: 2029: 2000:(5394): 190–1. 1989: 1988: 1984: 1973: 1972: 1968: 1959: 1955: 1911: 1910: 1906: 1896: 1894: 1885: 1884: 1880: 1873: 1860: 1859: 1855: 1845: 1843: 1829: 1828: 1821: 1814: 1799: 1798: 1794: 1784: 1782: 1769: 1768: 1764: 1754: 1752: 1746: 1745: 1741: 1731: 1729: 1720: 1719: 1715: 1709:Wayback Machine 1701: 1697: 1689: 1682: 1672: 1670: 1664: 1663: 1659: 1653:CAMRT home page 1651: 1647: 1642: 1541: 1524: 1480:medical imaging 1441: 1425: 1386: 1370: 1342:Radiotherapists 1321: 1312: 1299: 1286: 1281: 1279:The Netherlands 1252: 1171: 1132: 1092: 1061: 1056: 1043: 1037: 1034: 1027: 1018: 1007: 978:PACS Management 972:Medical Physics 947: 637: 628: 626:Career pathways 544: 486:The history of 430:broken bone on 356:Wilhelm Röntgen 349: 327:medical imaging 311: 305: 300: 199: 193: 181:Medical Imaging 176: 174: 152: 105: 86: 76: 75:Occupation type 68: 66: 52: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5094: 5092: 5084: 5083: 5081:Hospital staff 5078: 5073: 5068: 5058: 5057: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5047: 5036: 5033: 5032: 5030: 5029: 5024: 5018: 5016: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4992: 4990: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4980: 4975: 4973:Endomicroscopy 4970: 4965: 4964: 4963: 4952: 4950: 4940: 4939: 4936: 4935: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4902: 4900: 4889: 4888: 4886: 4885: 4879: 4877: 4863: 4856: 4855: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4848: 4843: 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4124: 4118: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4100: 4099:External links 4097: 4094: 4093: 4068: 4043: 4008:(2): 295–304. 3988: 3969:(5): 477–479. 3949: 3892: 3835: 3784: 3758: 3737:(2): 386–388. 3717: 3705: 3648: 3591: 3548: 3502: 3456: 3434: 3404: 3378: 3360: 3330: 3319:on 18 May 2014 3304: 3286: 3268: 3228: 3198: 3187: 3176: 3151: 3133: 3102: 3091:(2): 136–142. 3071: 3060:(3): 258–263. 3040: 3022: 3004: 2986: 2975: 2964: 2948: 2937: 2919: 2908: 2894: 2883: 2865: 2847: 2836: 2818: 2807: 2796: 2785: 2767: 2748: 2691: 2669: 2657: 2630:(4): 510–513. 2608: 2597:on 10 May 2017 2582: 2564: 2546: 2507: 2456: 2430: 2412: 2394: 2345: 2338: 2319: 2278: 2255: 2228:(2): 297–298. 2212: 2185:(4): 580–594. 2165: 2147: 2120: 2101:(1): 221–225. 2083: 2046: 2027: 1982: 1966: 1953: 1924:(1): 241–243. 1904: 1878: 1872:978-1409246671 1871: 1853: 1819: 1813:978-0930405229 1812: 1792: 1762: 1739: 1713: 1695: 1680: 1657: 1644: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1637: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1613: 1607: 1591: 1580:glutaraldehyde 1576:sulfur dioxide 1568: 1558: 1540: 1537: 1523: 1520: 1504:medical ethics 1446: 1440: 1437: 1424: 1421: 1399: 1395: 1385: 1384:United Kingdom 1382: 1375:(فني اشعة) in 1374: 1369: 1366: 1320: 1317: 1311: 1308: 1298: 1295: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1251: 1248: 1223: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1170: 1167: 1136: 1131: 1128: 1091: 1088: 1087: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1060: 1057: 1045: 1044: 1021: 1019: 1012: 1006: 1003: 1002: 1001: 995: 989: 975: 969: 963: 957: 946: 943: 942: 941: 938: 932: 931: 928: 921: 915: 912: 906: 905: 890: 883: 880: 877: 871: 870: 867:thyroid cancer 863: 856: 842: 839: 833: 832: 829: 822: 819: 816: 810: 809: 806: 799: 796: 793: 787: 786: 782: 775: 772: 769: 763: 762: 759: 752: 749: 746: 740: 739: 736: 729: 726: 723: 717: 716: 713: 706: 703: 700: 694: 693: 682: 675: 668: 665: 659: 658: 655: 652: 649: 646: 636: 633: 627: 624: 604: 603: 600: 597: 594: 591: 588: 585: 582: 579: 543: 540: 494:and described 411:discharge tube 376:platinocyanide 344:certifications 304: 301: 204: 203: 194: 191: 188: 187: 177: 172: 169: 168: 153: 150: 147: 146: 102: 98: 97: 93: 92: 87: 84: 81: 80: 77: 74: 71: 70: 63: 59: 58: 54: 53: 50: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5093: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5063: 5061: 5046: 5038: 5037: 5034: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5019: 5017: 5013: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4985: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4962: 4959: 4958: 4957: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4884: 4881: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4857: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4841:Ga-68-DOTATOC 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4822: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4752: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4730: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4713: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4676: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4654:Intravascular 4652: 4650: 4647: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4624: 4623: 4620: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4585: 4581: 4575: 4574:Synthetic MRI 4572: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4554: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4531: 4528: 4527: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4514: 4511: 4510: 4509: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4497: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4463: 4461: 4457: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4414: 4413: 4410: 4406: 4403: 4402: 4401: 4398: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4385: 4383: 4382: 4380: 4376: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4364:Electron beam 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4326: 4316: 4315:Orbital x-ray 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4290: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4211: 4210:Bronchography 4208: 4207: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4145: 4140: 4138: 4133: 4131: 4126: 4125: 4122: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4102: 4098: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4069: 4057: 4053: 4047: 4044: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3992: 3989: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3953: 3950: 3945: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3896: 3893: 3888: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3855:(2): 021910. 3854: 3850: 3846: 3839: 3836: 3831: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3788: 3785: 3780: 3776: 3769: 3762: 3759: 3754: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3721: 3718: 3714: 3709: 3706: 3701: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3652: 3649: 3644: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3595: 3592: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3564:(2): 313–21. 3563: 3559: 3552: 3549: 3544: 3538: 3519: 3512: 3506: 3503: 3498: 3492: 3473: 3466: 3460: 3457: 3444: 3438: 3435: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3408: 3405: 3392: 3388: 3382: 3379: 3374: 3370: 3364: 3361: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3334: 3331: 3318: 3314: 3308: 3305: 3300: 3296: 3290: 3287: 3282: 3278: 3272: 3269: 3264: 3258: 3242: 3238: 3232: 3229: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3202: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3177: 3165: 3161: 3155: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3141: 3137: 3134: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3106: 3103: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3075: 3072: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3044: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3030: 3026: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3012: 3008: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2994: 2990: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2927: 2923: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2884: 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2176: 2175:"Spin echoes" 2169: 2166: 2161: 2157: 2151: 2148: 2143: 2139: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2121: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2095: 2087: 2084: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2064:(6): 469–76. 2063: 2059: 2058: 2050: 2047: 2042: 2038: 2031: 2028: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1994: 1986: 1983: 1978: 1977: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1957: 1954: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1908: 1905: 1892: 1888: 1882: 1879: 1874: 1868: 1864: 1857: 1854: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1826: 1824: 1820: 1815: 1809: 1805: 1804: 1796: 1793: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1766: 1763: 1750: 1743: 1740: 1727: 1723: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1703: 1699: 1696: 1691: 1687: 1685: 1681: 1668: 1661: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1646: 1639: 1633: 1629: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1566: 1562: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1542: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1528: 1521: 1519: 1517: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1448: 1444: 1439:United States 1438: 1436: 1435: 1429: 1422: 1420: 1418: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1403: 1397: 1393: 1391: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1372: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1334: 1330: 1329:Radiographers 1326: 1318: 1316: 1310:Re-enrollment 1309: 1307: 1303: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1283: 1278: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1257: 1249: 1247: 1245: 1240: 1236: 1231: 1229: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1190: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1160: 1155: 1151: 1149: 1144: 1140: 1135:Radiographers 1134: 1129: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1096: 1089: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1076: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1058: 1055: 1050: 1041: 1031: 1025: 1022:This article 1020: 1016: 1011: 1010: 1004: 999: 996: 993: 990: 987: 983: 979: 976: 973: 970: 967: 964: 961: 958: 955: 952: 951: 950: 944: 939: 936: 935: 929: 926: 922: 919: 916: 913: 911: 908: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 888: 884: 881: 878: 876: 873: 872: 868: 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