3211:
3218:
4601:
2455:
4162:
4167:
813:
147:
3204:
2449:
2443:
4661:
592:
4607:
126:
621:(forearm bone) led initially to its inclusion as an avialan; however, the rest of the skeleton is rather typically dromaeosaurid in its attributes. Given the extremely close affinities between basal birds and their dromaeosaurid cousins, along with the possibility that flight may have developed and been lost multiple times among these groups, it has been difficult to place
874:
754:
444:
768:
show it in flight, it is not clear that it could fly; there has even been some doubt that the forearm material, which includes the quill knobs, belongs with the rest of the skeleton. Some researchers have suggested that
1538:
Schweitzer, Mary H.; Watt, John A.; Avci, Recep; Forster, Catherine A.; Krause, David W.; Knapp, Loren; Rogers, Raymond R.; Beech, Iwona; Marshall, Mark (1999). "Keratin immunoreactivity in the Late
Cretaceous bird
809:. Additionally, Chiappe argued that suggestions of a chimera by paleornithologist Larry Martin were based on Martin's misinterpretation of the wing and shoulder bones as being more advanced than they really are.
1459:
Matías J. Motta; Federico L. Agnolín; Federico Brissón Egli; Fernando E. Novas (2020). "New theropod dinosaur from the Upper
Cretaceous of Patagonia sheds light on the paravian radiation in Gondwana".
478:. Most geological formations in this area are covered in dense grass, making identification of fossils difficult. However, when a portion of hillside was exposed by fire, the remains of a giant
3210:
691:
This consensus has been challenged, however, by a few studies published since 2009 that have found many traditional "dromaeosaurids", including the unenlagiines, closer to
Avialae than to
1390:
Andrea Cau (2018). "The assembly of the avian body plan: a 160-million-year long process" (PDF). Bollettino della Società Paleontologica
Italiana. 57 (1): 1–25. doi:10.4435/BSPI.2018.01.
490:
is known from this single specimen, consisting of the hind limbs, trunk, portions of the tail (all of which were found articulated), as well as portions of the wing and shoulder bones.
1000:
Forster, Catherine A.; Sampson, Scott D.; Chiappe, Luis M.; Krause, David W. (1998). "The
Theropod ancestry of birds: New evidence from the late Cretaceous of Madagascar".
4754:
4843:
797:, maintain that its remains belong to a single animal, citing the close proximity of the wing bones to the rest of the skeleton. All the bones attributed to
1099:
4853:
4741:
4858:
4863:
4848:
793:
at least shows that the possibility of a mix-up cannot be fully excluded. However, many other scientists, including the original describers of
1372:
Agnolín, F.L.; Novas, F.E. (2013). "Avian ancestors. A review of the phylogenetic relationships of the theropods
Unenlagiidae, Microraptoria,
1601:
984:
840:
shoulder bones show evidence of ligament attachments allowing the independent mobility needed for flapping flight. Chiappe concluded that
844:
was capable of flight, though it would have been more "clumsy in the air than modern birds." Agnolín and Novas (2013) noted that, like
1525:
887:
741:
were found to be sister taxa in a clade sister to the
Avialae. As of 2020, it is undecided among paleontologists whether the paravian
2454:
4600:
1216:
Makovicky, Peter J.; Apesteguía, Sebastián; Agnolín, Federico L. (2005). "The earliest dromaeosaurid theropod from South
America".
4823:
4833:
4828:
4161:
3217:
4818:
1400:
Hartman, Scott; Mortimer, Mickey; Wahl, William R.; Lomax, Dean R.; Lippincott, Jessica; Lovelace, David M. (2019-07-10).
602:
has historically been the subject of some uncertainty as to its proper taxonomic position – whether it is a member of the
4813:
3203:
4166:
684:
itself. A 2007 study by Turner and colleagues again found it to be an unenlagiine dromaeosaurid, closely related to
572:. Although former character can vary in species of the same genus, in individual vertebrae of the same animal, and
471:
392:-like raised sickle claw on the second toe. It was originally the first African coelurosaur until the discovery of
365:
146:
2448:
2394:
1594:
1282:
534:
1523:
Forster, Catherine A.; O'Conner (2000). "The avifauna of the Upper
Cretaceous Maevarano Formation, Madagascar".
1194:
952:
909:
4838:
2747:
1692:
2442:
1291:
388:
was a small predator, at about 70 centimetres (2.3 ft) long and 0.45-2.27 kg (1-5 lbs), with the typical
1402:"A new paravian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of North America supports a late acquisition of avian flight"
4286:
3151:
1260:
935:
De Klerk, William; Forster, Catherine; Sampson, Scott; Chinsamy-Turan, Anusuya; Ross, Callum (2000-06-27).
4681:
4664:
4263:
4207:
1179:
Geist, Nicholas R.; Feduccia, Alan (2000). "Gravity-defying
Behaviors: Identifying Models for Protoaves".
923:
774:
1045:
Forster, Catherine A.; Sampson, Scott D.; Chiappe, Luis M.; Krause, David W. (1998). "Genus correction".
4780:
4523:
2773:
2338:
4494:
576:, the distance in space and time suggests that whatever this specimen may be, it does not belong into
482:
were revealed. It was during the excavation of this find that paleontologists discovered the bones of
4728:
4606:
1587:
1552:
1468:
1333:
1227:
1056:
1011:
789:
134:
3555:
3050:
2916:
2551:
637:, as originally suggested by the describers, and thus a member of the clade Avialae, but while the
463:
373:
777:
consisting of the forelimb of a bird conflated with the skeleton of a dromaeosaurid, and consider
4808:
4551:
3683:
3632:
3279:
3019:
2242:
1719:
1568:
1502:
1251:
1198:
1181:
1158:
1072:
381:
299:
141:
3460:
3380:
4785:
4451:
3835:
4767:
4759:
4403:
3662:
3390:
2905:
2690:
2294:
1661:
1494:
1441:
1423:
1351:
1324:
1243:
1047:
1027:
1002:
980:
565:
530:
448:
406:
369:
287:
280:
250:
4772:
731:, finding its placement in Unenlagiinae better supported as it takes 10 less steps. In 2020,
4634:
4559:
4501:
4094:
3985:
3692:
3370:
3094:
3073:
2383:
2317:
2224:
1861:
1560:
1484:
1476:
1431:
1413:
1341:
1295:
1287:
1235:
1218:
1190:
1148:
1108:
1064:
1019:
948:
879:
557:
4581:
4574:
4537:
4458:
4442:
4022:
3994:
3641:
3269:
3128:
3059:
2931:
2894:
2736:
2721:
2640:
2596:
2575:
2352:
2231:
2188:
2013:
1944:
1677:
1316:
1315:
Turner, Alan H.; Pol, Diego; Clarke, Julia A.; Erickson, Gregory M.; Norell, Mark (2007).
812:
802:
704:
692:
656:
than to avialans, and specifically was a member of the South American dromaeosaurid clade
653:
583:
A dentary has been found in association with the holotype, though it is seldom described.
389:
349:
41:
4719:
1556:
1472:
1337:
1231:
1060:
1015:
4624:
4566:
4530:
4427:
4359:
4334:
4307:
4275:
3919:
3889:
3754:
3593:
3511:
3400:
3140:
3066:
3029:
2527:
2324:
2083:
1979:
1918:
1897:
1436:
1401:
1273:
648:
Beginning in the early 2000s, a consensus emerged among most theropod researchers that
4802:
4644:
4639:
4508:
4368:
4252:
4196:
3875:
3794:
3738:
3708:
3655:
3648:
3534:
3525:
3309:
3289:
2832:
2821:
2707:
2676:
2633:
2582:
2568:
2262:
1994:
1972:
1957:
1875:
1506:
1162:
1076:
936:
921:
Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages
801:
were buried in an area "smaller than a letter-sized page", according to co-describer
633:
610:
353:
83:
45:
1255:
1202:
1113:
907:
The Bird:A Natural History of Who Birds Are, Where They Came From, and How They Live
4654:
4516:
4243:
4117:
4110:
4049:
3967:
3700:
3579:
3491:
3440:
3410:
3359:
3299:
3117:
2970:
2955:
2940:
2874:
2762:
2714:
2626:
2516:
2371:
2331:
2310:
2303:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2216:
2201:
2137:
2094:
2055:
1925:
1904:
1835:
1813:
1564:
1131:
Catherine A. Forster; Patrick M. O'Connor; Luis M. Chiappe; Alan H. Turner (2020).
1091:
783:
719:
672:
657:
549:
520:
394:
262:
1068:
1023:
4713:
4479:
4389:
4324:
4065:
4015:
3946:
3898:
3723:
3669:
3617:
3564:
3450:
3420:
3339:
3103:
2853:
2843:
2506:
2345:
2110:
2069:
2040:
2033:
2001:
1911:
1845:
1785:
1772:
1731:
1610:
1092:"On the occurrence of an avian vertebra in Cretaceous strata of Morocco, Africa"
846:
737:
529:
The lack of well-documented relatives of this species nonwithstanding, a single
432:
58:
1480:
1276:; Clark, J. M.; Turner, A.H.; Makovicky, P. J.; Barsbold, R.; Rowe, T. (2006).
125:
4544:
4412:
4219:
4103:
4073:
4040:
4008:
3974:
3960:
3953:
3777:
3747:
3541:
3501:
3430:
3319:
3248:
3235:
3163:
3110:
2986:
2963:
2948:
2884:
2811:
2699:
2669:
2662:
2605:
2561:
2255:
2144:
2128:
2117:
2076:
2062:
2026:
1987:
1965:
976:
869:
855:
713:
591:
546:
479:
361:
357:
204:
103:
68:
17:
4704:
1427:
4649:
4629:
4465:
4420:
4382:
4375:
3932:
3865:
3845:
3825:
3815:
3805:
3609:
3602:
3571:
3036:
2655:
2209:
2151:
2103:
2047:
1933:
1802:
1704:
1652:
1346:
1090:
Riff, Douglas; Kellner, Alexander W. A.; Mader, Bryn; Russell, Dale (2002).
666:
475:
377:
217:
158:
108:
52:
1498:
1445:
1355:
1247:
832:, and that this fact, coupled with the prominent quill knobs, suggest that
1031:
828:
could probably fly, noting that its ulna was large and robust compared to
753:
4698:
4472:
4344:
4001:
3939:
3761:
3715:
3329:
3080:
3004:
2648:
2612:
2158:
1890:
1643:
1634:
937:"A new coelurosaurian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of South Africa"
836:
had larger and more powerful wings than that earlier bird. Additionally,
758:
573:
345:
191:
178:
98:
93:
78:
73:
63:
1489:
1239:
4746:
4486:
4232:
4080:
3905:
3480:
2790:
2619:
2485:
2472:
2406:
1572:
1418:
700:
614:
606:
553:
230:
113:
88:
443:
4057:
3855:
3470:
3349:
1824:
1628:
1300:
638:
542:
515:
455:
309:
168:
4675:
1278:"A new dromaeosaurid theropod from Ukhaa Tolgod (Omnogov, Mongolia)"
1277:
711:
as a probable relative of the long-tailed Early Cretaceous avialans
695:. A large analysis published by Agnolín and Novas (2013) recovered
1882:
811:
752:
603:
590:
569:
499:
442:
417:
337:
4733:
1317:"A basal dromaeosaurid and size evolution preceding avian flight"
1153:
1132:
4184:
4129:
820:(hypothetically-depicted male & female) on a charred branch.
618:
523:
467:
341:
4679:
4182:
3233:
2470:
1770:
1621:
1583:
1579:
851:
727:. (2019) "strongly rejected" the supposed avialan position of
973:
Glorified Dinosaurs: The Origin and Early Evolution of Birds
641:
shows adaptations to flight similar in function to those of
1195:
10.1668/0003-1569(2000)040[0664:GDBIMF]2.0.CO;2
953:
10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0324:ANCDFT]2.0.CO;2
1292:
10.1206/0003-0082(2006)3545[1:ANDTFU]2.0.CO;2
1174:
1172:
680:
to lie within the Unenlagiinae, as the sister taxon to
513:
but changed the name after discovering that the name
4439:
4400:
4356:
4340:
4330:
4320:
4091:
4037:
3916:
3886:
3871:
3861:
3851:
3841:
3831:
3821:
3811:
3801:
3790:
3735:
3680:
3629:
3590:
3552:
3522:
3507:
3497:
3487:
3476:
3466:
3456:
3446:
3436:
3426:
3416:
3406:
3396:
3386:
3376:
3366:
3355:
3345:
3335:
3325:
3315:
3305:
3295:
3285:
3275:
3265:
3137:
3091:
3047:
3016:
2999:
2928:
2912:
2901:
2890:
2880:
2870:
2859:
2849:
2839:
2828:
2817:
2807:
2759:
2733:
2687:
2593:
2548:
2533:
2523:
2512:
2502:
2380:
2185:
1858:
1841:
1831:
1820:
1809:
1798:
660:. A 2005 analysis by Makovicky and colleagues found
269:
4688:
4438:
4399:
4355:
4305:
4274:
4251:
4242:
4218:
4195:
4128:
4090:
4036:
3984:
3915:
3885:
3775:
3734:
3679:
3628:
3589:
3551:
3521:
3246:
3162:
3136:
3127:
3090:
3046:
3015:
2984:
2927:
2788:
2758:
2732:
2686:
2592:
2547:
2483:
2405:
2379:
2370:
2293:
2241:
2184:
2127:
2093:
2012:
1943:
1856:
1783:
1730:
1703:
1676:
1367:
1365:
745:is an unenlagiine, a dromaeosaurid or an avialan.
405:means, approximately, "cloud menace bird", from
1133:"The osteology of the Late Cretaceous paravian
707:. A cladistic analysis by Cau (2018) recovered
466:in Madagascar in 1995 by a joint expedition of
764:Although numerous artists' reconstructions of
494:was one-fifth larger than the closely related
410:
1595:
966:
964:
962:
787:. The nearby discovery of the primitive bird
486:among the bones of the much larger dinosaur.
8:
421:
4676:
4313:
4248:
4224:
4192:
4179:
3924:
3783:
3258:
3254:
3243:
3230:
3133:
2992:
2800:
2796:
2495:
2491:
2480:
2467:
2376:
2247:
2193:
2181:
2018:
1949:
1867:
1791:
1780:
1767:
1709:
1682:
1673:
1618:
1602:
1588:
1580:
676:. Norell and colleagues (2006) also found
664:to be closely related to the unenlagiines
124:
31:
1488:
1435:
1417:
1345:
1299:
1152:
1112:
645:, they seem to be independently derived.
1100:Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
447:Skeletal diagram showing remains of the
1378:SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences
898:
858:complexes seems to have been likely in
364:. It is known from a partial skeleton (
568:, it appears to belong to a different
1126:
1124:
314:Forster et al. 1998 non Griveaud 1975
7:
4844:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Africa
625:firmly among or outside the birds.
519:was already assigned to a genus of
416:(RA-hoo-na, "cloud" or "menace") +
1545:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1526:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
941:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
888:Timeline of dromaeosaurid research
25:
816:A speculative restoration of two
4660:
4659:
4605:
4599:
4165:
4160:
3216:
3209:
3202:
2453:
2447:
2441:
872:
537:50852) most similar to those of
145:
4854:Taxa named by Catherine Forster
1147:(2): Article number 23(2):a29.
1114:10.1590/S0001-37652002000200023
4859:Taxa named by Scott D. Sampson
1565:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011183
462:were first recovered from the
360:) of what is now northwestern
1:
4864:Taxa named by Luis M. Chiappe
4849:Fossil taxa described in 1998
1069:10.1126/science.280.5361.179g
1024:10.1126/science.279.5358.1915
971:Chiappe, L. M. (2007-02-02).
854:-like flightstroke using the
631:could be a close relative to
609:(birds) or a closely related
595:Size compared to a human hand
498:, about the size of a modern
919:Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2008)
652:was more closely related to
427:"bird". The specific name,
4880:
1481:10.1007/s00114-020-01682-1
1376:and Scansoriopterygidae".
1141:Palaeontologia Electronica
723:. The analysis of Hartman
472:University of Antananarivo
27:Extinct genus of dinosaurs
4619:
4597:
4316:
4227:
4191:
4178:
4158:
3927:
3786:
3261:
3257:
3242:
3229:
3200:
2995:
2803:
2799:
2498:
2494:
2479:
2466:
2439:
2250:
2196:
2180:
2021:
1952:
1870:
1794:
1779:
1766:
1712:
1685:
1672:
1617:
1283:American Museum Novitates
1261:Supplementary information
924:Supplementary Information
431:, was coined in honor of
305:
298:
268:
261:
142:Scientific classification
140:
132:
123:
34:
1467:(3): Article number 24.
824:Chiappe maintained that
356:, from about 72.1 to 66
133:Reconstructed skeleton,
4824:Dinosaurs of Madagascar
1347:10.1126/science.1144066
735:and the South American
376:rocks at a quarry near
821:
761:
596:
474:, near the village of
451:
422:
411:
4834:Fossils of Madagascar
4829:Cretaceous Madagascar
4781:Paleobiology Database
2339:Paralitherizinosaurus
1461:The Science of Nature
815:
756:
594:
446:
439:Discovery and species
4819:Maastrichtian genera
905:Tudge, Colin (2009)
790:Vorona berivotrensis
564:and having a larger
322:Forster et al. 1998a
135:Royal Ontario Museum
4814:Feathered dinosaurs
3556:Patagopterygiformes
3051:Confuciusornithidae
2917:Scansoriopterygidae
2552:Scansoriopterygidae
1557:1999JVPal..19..712S
1473:2020SciNa.107...24M
1338:2007Sci...317.1378T
1332:(5843): 1378–1381.
1240:10.1038/nature03996
1232:2005Natur.437.1007M
1226:(7061): 1007–1011.
1061:1998Sci...280..179F
1016:1998Sci...279.1915F
1010:(5358): 1915–1919.
807:Glorified Dinosaurs
509:initially named it
505:The discoverers of
464:Maevarano Formation
374:Maevarano Formation
3684:Songlingornithidae
3633:Hongshanornithidae
3020:Omnivoropterygidae
2932:Jeholornithiformes
2243:Therizinosauroidea
1419:10.7717/peerj.7247
1182:American Zoologist
822:
762:
613:. The presence of
597:
452:
382:Mahajanga Province
372:and colleagues in
4796:
4795:
4768:Open Tree of Life
4682:Taxon identifiers
4673:
4672:
4615:
4614:
4595:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4495:Lutetodontopteris
4404:Gastornithiformes
4301:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4185:Aves / Neornithes
4174:
4173:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4130:Aves / Neornithes
4032:
4031:
3771:
3770:
3663:Parahongshanornis
3225:
3224:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3181:
2980:
2979:
2906:Archaeopterygidae
2784:
2783:
2691:Archaeopterygidae
2462:
2461:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2295:Therizinosauridae
2176:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2167:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1662:Maniraptoriformes
1541:Rahonavis ostromi
1135:Rahonavis ostromi
986:978-0-471-24723-4
805:in his 2007 book
541:was found in the
531:thoracic vertebra
449:holotype specimen
370:Catherine Forster
329:
328:
323:
315:
274:Rahonavis ostromi
257:
16:(Redirected from
4871:
4789:
4788:
4776:
4775:
4763:
4762:
4750:
4749:
4737:
4736:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4677:
4663:
4662:
4635:Deinonychosauria
4610:
4609:
4603:
4560:Protodontopteryx
4502:Macrodontopteryx
4441:
4402:
4358:
4342:
4332:
4322:
4314:
4249:
4225:
4193:
4180:
4169:
4164:
4095:Cimolopterygidae
4093:
4039:
3986:Hesperornithidae
3925:
3918:
3888:
3873:
3863:
3853:
3843:
3833:
3823:
3813:
3803:
3792:
3784:
3737:
3682:
3631:
3592:
3554:
3524:
3509:
3499:
3489:
3478:
3468:
3458:
3448:
3438:
3428:
3418:
3408:
3398:
3388:
3378:
3368:
3357:
3347:
3337:
3327:
3317:
3307:
3297:
3287:
3277:
3267:
3259:
3255:
3244:
3231:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3206:
3139:
3134:
3095:Jinguofortisidae
3093:
3074:Eoconfuciusornis
3049:
3018:
3001:
2993:
2930:
2914:
2903:
2892:
2882:
2872:
2861:
2851:
2841:
2830:
2819:
2809:
2801:
2797:
2761:
2735:
2689:
2595:
2550:
2535:
2525:
2514:
2504:
2496:
2492:
2481:
2468:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2395:Oviraptorosauria
2384:Oviraptorosauria
2382:
2377:
2318:Nanshiungosaurus
2248:
2225:Jianchangosaurus
2194:
2187:
2182:
2019:
1950:
1868:
1862:Alvarezsauroidea
1860:
1843:
1833:
1822:
1811:
1800:
1792:
1781:
1768:
1710:
1683:
1674:
1667:
1666:
1619:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1581:
1576:
1534:
1511:
1510:
1492:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1439:
1421:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1380:. pp. 1–96.
1369:
1360:
1359:
1349:
1321:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1270:
1264:
1259:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1176:
1167:
1166:
1156:
1137:from Madagascar"
1128:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1096:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1042:
1036:
1035:
997:
991:
990:
968:
957:
956:
932:
926:
917:
911:
903:
882:
880:Dinosaurs portal
877:
876:
875:
759:life restoration
425:
414:
321:
313:
271:
249:
242:
150:
149:
128:
118:
55:
40:Temporal range:
32:
21:
4879:
4878:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4839:Maevarano fauna
4799:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4784:
4779:
4771:
4766:
4758:
4753:
4745:
4740:
4732:
4727:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4684:
4674:
4669:
4611:
4604:
4587:
4582:Tympanonesiotes
4575:Pseudodontornis
4538:Palaeochenoides
4459:Caspiodontornis
4443:Pelagornithidae
4434:
4395:
4351:
4293:
4270:
4238:
4214:
4187:
4170:
4144:
4124:
4086:
4028:
4023:Parahesperornis
3995:Asiahesperornis
3980:
3911:
3881:
3780:
3767:
3730:
3675:
3642:Archaeornithura
3624:
3585:
3547:
3517:
3270:Archaeorhynchus
3251:
3238:
3221:
3208:
3178:
3158:
3129:Ornithothoraces
3123:
3086:
3060:Changchengornis
3042:
3011:
2989:
2976:
2923:
2895:Anchiornithidae
2793:
2780:
2754:
2748:Dromaeosauridae
2737:Dromaeosauridae
2728:
2722:Anchiornithidae
2682:
2641:Liaoningvenator
2597:Anchiornithidae
2588:
2576:Scansoriopteryx
2543:
2488:
2475:
2458:
2421:
2401:
2358:
2353:Therizinosaurus
2289:
2237:
2232:Lingyuanosaurus
2189:Therizinosauria
2164:
2123:
2089:
2014:Parvicursorinae
2008:
1945:Alvarezsauridae
1939:
1864:
1852:
1788:
1775:
1746:
1726:
1699:
1693:Avemetatarsalia
1678:Avemetatarsalia
1668:
1624:
1623:
1613:
1608:
1537:
1522:
1519:
1517:Further reading
1514:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1371:
1370:
1363:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1178:
1177:
1170:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1107:(74): 367–368.
1094:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1044:
1043:
1039:
999:
998:
994:
987:
970:
969:
960:
934:
933:
929:
918:
914:
904:
900:
896:
878:
873:
871:
868:
803:Luis M. Chiappe
781:as described a
751:
705:Dromaeosauridae
693:dromaeosaurines
654:deinonychosaurs
589:
574:ontogenetically
441:
368:8656) found by
350:Late Cretaceous
294:
277:
248:
240:
144:
119:
117:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
50:
49:
42:Late Cretaceous
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4877:
4875:
4867:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4801:
4800:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4777:
4764:
4751:
4738:
4725:
4710:
4694:
4692:
4686:
4685:
4680:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4625:Archaeornithes
4620:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4578:
4571:
4567:Protopelicanus
4563:
4556:
4548:
4541:
4534:
4531:Osteodontornis
4527:
4520:
4513:
4505:
4498:
4491:
4483:
4476:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4447:
4445:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4428:Dromornithidae
4424:
4417:
4408:
4406:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4386:
4379:
4372:
4364:
4362:
4360:Dromornithidae
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4338:
4335:Perplexicervix
4328:
4317:
4311:
4308:Incertae sedis
4303:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4287:Pangalliformes
4280:
4278:
4276:Pangalliformes
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4257:
4255:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4228:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4201:
4199:
4189:
4188:
4183:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4134:
4132:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4114:
4107:
4099:
4097:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4062:
4054:
4045:
4043:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3990:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3928:
3922:
3920:Hesperornithes
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3902:
3894:
3892:
3890:Ichthyornithes
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3869:
3859:
3849:
3839:
3829:
3819:
3809:
3799:
3787:
3781:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3758:
3755:Similiyanornis
3751:
3743:
3741:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3720:
3712:
3705:
3697:
3688:
3686:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3637:
3635:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3614:
3606:
3598:
3596:
3594:Ambiortiformes
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3576:
3568:
3560:
3558:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3538:
3530:
3528:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3512:Zhongjianornis
3505:
3495:
3485:
3474:
3464:
3454:
3444:
3434:
3424:
3414:
3404:
3401:Jianchangornis
3394:
3384:
3374:
3364:
3353:
3343:
3333:
3323:
3313:
3303:
3293:
3283:
3273:
3262:
3252:
3247:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3152:Enantiornithes
3145:
3143:
3141:Enantiornithes
3131:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3099:
3097:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3067:Confuciusornis
3063:
3055:
3053:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3033:
3030:Omnivoropteryx
3025:
3023:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
2996:
2990:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2952:
2945:
2936:
2934:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2910:
2899:
2888:
2878:
2868:
2857:
2847:
2837:
2826:
2815:
2804:
2794:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2767:
2765:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2741:
2739:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2695:
2693:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2601:
2599:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2557:
2555:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2531:
2528:Pneumatoraptor
2521:
2510:
2499:
2489:
2484:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2388:
2386:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2325:Neimongosaurus
2321:
2314:
2307:
2299:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2213:
2206:
2197:
2191:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2133:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2099:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2084:Trierarchuncus
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1980:Bonapartenykus
1976:
1969:
1962:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1930:
1922:
1919:Shishugounykus
1915:
1908:
1901:
1898:Bonapartenykus
1894:
1887:
1879:
1871:
1865:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1839:
1829:
1818:
1807:
1795:
1789:
1784:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1736:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1686:
1680:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1631:
1622:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1551:(4): 712–722.
1535:
1533:(20): 41A–42A.
1518:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1451:
1392:
1383:
1361:
1307:
1286:(3545): 1–51.
1265:
1208:
1189:(4): 664–675.
1168:
1120:
1082:
1037:
992:
985:
958:
947:(2): 324–332.
927:
912:
897:
895:
892:
891:
890:
884:
883:
867:
864:
750:
747:
588:
587:Classification
585:
556:. Lacking the
440:
437:
327:
326:
325:
324:
319:Rahona ostromi
316:
303:
302:
296:
295:
278:
266:
265:
259:
258:
238:
234:
233:
228:
221:
220:
215:
208:
207:
202:
195:
194:
189:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
138:
137:
130:
129:
121:
120:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
56:
39:
26:
24:
18:Rahona ostromi
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4876:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4787:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4730:
4726:
4721:
4715:
4711:
4706:
4700:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4678:
4666:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4645:Odontornithes
4643:
4641:
4640:Odontognathae
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4608:
4602:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4437:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4369:Barawertornis
4366:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4354:
4347:
4346:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4304:
4288:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4265:
4264:Anserimorphae
4261:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4253:Anserimorphae
4250:
4247:
4245:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4209:
4208:Palaeognathae
4205:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4197:Palaeognathae
4194:
4190:
4186:
4181:
4177:
4168:
4163:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4120:
4119:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4035:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3876:Tingmiatornis
3870:
3868:
3867:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3795:Antarcticavis
3789:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3774:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3739:Yanornithidae
3733:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3709:Songlingornis
3706:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3656:Longicrusavis
3653:
3651:
3650:
3649:Hongshanornis
3646:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3535:Mengciusornis
3532:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3526:Schizoouridae
3520:
3514:
3513:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3310:Changzuiornis
3304:
3302:
3301:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3290:Brevidentavis
3284:
3282:
3281:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3232:
3228:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3205:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3014:
3008:
3006:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2983:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2918:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2833:Cretaaviculus
2827:
2824:
2823:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2787:
2775:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2757:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2708:Archaeopteryx
2705:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2677:Yixianosaurus
2674:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2634:Fujianvenator
2631:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2569:Epidexipteryx
2566:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2469:
2465:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2444:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2263:Beipiaosaurus
2260:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2183:
2179:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1995:Heptasteornis
1992:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1973:Alvarezsaurus
1970:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1958:Achillesaurus
1955:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1876:Achillesaurus
1873:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1855:
1848:
1847:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1455:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1318:
1311:
1308:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1212:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1055:(5361): 179.
1054:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1004:
996:
993:
988:
982:
978:
974:
967:
965:
963:
959:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
931:
928:
925:
922:
916:
913:
910:
908:
902:
899:
893:
889:
886:
885:
881:
870:
865:
863:
861:
857:
853:
849:
848:
843:
839:
835:
831:
830:Archaeopteryx
827:
819:
814:
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
791:
786:
785:
780:
776:
773:represents a
772:
767:
760:
757:Hypothetical
755:
748:
746:
744:
740:
739:
734:
730:
726:
722:
721:
716:
715:
710:
706:
702:
699:as closer to
698:
694:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
674:
669:
668:
663:
659:
655:
651:
646:
644:
643:Archaeopteryx
640:
636:
635:
634:Archaeopteryx
630:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
611:dromaeosaurid
608:
605:
601:
593:
586:
584:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
527:
525:
522:
518:
517:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
496:Archaeopteryx
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
450:
445:
438:
436:
434:
430:
426:
424:
419:
415:
413:
408:
404:
399:
397:
396:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
354:Maastrichtian
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
334:
320:
317:
312:
311:
307:
306:
304:
301:
297:
292:
289:
285:
282:
276:
275:
267:
264:
260:
255:
252:
247:
246:
239:
236:
235:
232:
229:
226:
223:
222:
219:
216:
213:
210:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
148:
143:
139:
136:
131:
127:
122:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
54:
51:72.1–66
47:
46:Maastrichtian
43:
37:
33:
30:
19:
4689:
4655:Unenlagiidae
4580:
4573:
4565:
4558:
4550:
4543:
4536:
4529:
4522:
4517:Odontopteryx
4515:
4507:
4500:
4493:
4485:
4478:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4426:
4419:
4411:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4343:
4333:
4323:
4306:
4244:Galloanserae
4231:
4118:Lamarqueavis
4116:
4111:Cimolopteryx
4109:
4102:
4079:
4072:
4064:
4056:
4050:Australornis
4048:
4021:
4014:
4007:
4000:
3993:
3973:
3968:Pasquiaornis
3966:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3904:
3897:
3874:
3864:
3854:
3844:
3834:
3824:
3814:
3804:
3793:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3722:
3714:
3707:
3701:Piscivoravis
3699:
3691:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3616:
3608:
3601:
3580:Patagopteryx
3578:
3570:
3563:
3540:
3533:
3510:
3500:
3492:Xinghaiornis
3490:
3479:
3469:
3459:
3449:
3441:Khinganornis
3439:
3429:
3419:
3411:Jiuquanornis
3409:
3399:
3389:
3379:
3369:
3360:Gargantuavis
3358:
3348:
3338:
3328:
3318:
3308:
3300:Changmaornis
3298:
3288:
3278:
3268:
3207:
3118:Jinguofortis
3116:
3109:
3102:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3035:
3028:
3002:
2971:Neimengornis
2969:
2962:
2956:Jixiangornis
2954:
2947:
2941:Dalianraptor
2939:
2915:
2904:
2893:
2883:
2875:Yandangornis
2873:
2863:
2862:
2852:
2842:
2831:
2820:
2810:
2774:Troodontidae
2763:Troodontidae
2720:
2715:Wellnhoferia
2713:
2706:
2698:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2639:
2632:
2627:Eosinopteryx
2625:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2537:
2536:
2526:
2517:Palaeopteryx
2515:
2505:
2446:
2372:Pennaraptora
2351:
2344:
2337:
2332:Nothronychus
2330:
2323:
2316:
2311:Erlikosaurus
2309:
2304:Erliansaurus
2302:
2284:Suzhousaurus
2282:
2277:Martharaptor
2275:
2270:Enigmosaurus
2268:
2261:
2254:
2230:
2223:
2217:Fukuivenator
2215:
2208:
2202:Eshanosaurus
2200:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2138:Albertonykus
2136:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:Ceratonykini
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2056:Nemegtonykus
2054:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1956:
1932:
1926:Tugulusaurus
1924:
1917:
1910:
1905:Haplocheirus
1903:
1896:
1889:
1881:
1874:
1844:
1836:Migmanychion
1834:
1823:
1814:Fukuivenator
1812:
1801:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1524:
1490:11336/135530
1464:
1460:
1454:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1373:
1329:
1323:
1310:
1281:
1274:Norell, M.A.
1268:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1186:
1180:
1154:10.26879/793
1144:
1140:
1134:
1104:
1098:
1085:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1007:
1001:
995:
972:
944:
940:
930:
920:
915:
906:
901:
859:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
823:
817:
806:
798:
794:
788:
784:nomen dubium
782:
778:
770:
765:
763:
749:Paleobiology
742:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:Jixiangornis
718:
712:
708:
696:
690:
685:
681:
677:
673:Buitreraptor
671:
665:
661:
658:Unenlagiinae
649:
647:
642:
632:
628:
627:
622:
599:
598:
582:
577:
566:neural canal
561:
550:Kem Kem Beds
538:
528:
514:
510:
506:
504:
495:
491:
487:
483:
459:
453:
428:
420:
409:
402:
400:
395:Nqwebasaurus
393:
390:dromaesaurid
385:
332:
331:
330:
318:
308:
290:
283:
273:
272:
263:Type species
253:
244:
243:
224:
211:
198:
185:
35:
29:
4714:Wikispecies
4552:Proceriavis
4524:Odontoptila
4480:Gigantornis
4390:Ilbandornis
4325:Asteriornis
4066:Neogaeornis
4016:Hesperornis
3947:Chupkaornis
3899:Ichthyornis
3724:Yixianornis
3670:Tianyuornis
3618:Palintropus
3565:Alamitornis
3451:Meemannavis
3421:Juehuaornis
3340:Eogranivora
3280:Bellulornis
3104:Chongmingia
2854:Overoraptor
2844:Fukuipteryx
2507:Imperobator
2346:Segnosaurus
2111:Ceratonykus
2070:Parvicursor
2041:Khulsanurus
2034:Jaculinykus
2002:Patagonykus
1912:Patagonykus
1846:Yaverlandia
1786:Maniraptora
1773:Maniraptora
1732:Maniraptora
1611:Maniraptora
847:Microraptor
738:Overoraptor
615:quill knobs
558:pleurocoels
458:remains of
433:John Ostrom
4803:Categories
4623:See also:
4545:Pelagornis
4413:Brontornis
4220:Neognathae
4139:see below↓
4104:Ceramornis
4074:Polarornis
4041:Vegaviidae
4009:Fumicollis
3975:Potamornis
3961:Judinornis
3954:Enaliornis
3778:Ornithurae
3748:Abitusavis
3542:Schizooura
3502:Yumenornis
3461:Platanavis
3431:Kaririavis
3381:Horezmavis
3320:Chaoyangia
3249:Euornithes
3236:Euornithes
3173:see below↓
3164:Euornithes
3111:Cratonavis
2987:Pygostylia
2964:Kompsornis
2949:Jeholornis
2885:Zhongornis
2812:Alcmonavis
2700:Alcmonavis
2670:Xiaotingia
2663:Serikornis
2606:Anchiornis
2562:Ambopteryx
2416:see below↓
2256:Alxasaurus
2145:Linhenykus
2129:Mononykini
2118:Xixianykus
2077:Qiupanykus
2063:Ondogurvel
2027:Dzharaonyx
1988:Bradycneme
1966:Alnashetri
1741:see below↓
1644:Dinosauria
1374:Anchiornis
977:UNSW Press
975:. Sydney:
894:References
860:R. ostromi
856:deltoideus
714:Jeholornis
547:Cenomanian
539:R. ostromi
521:lymantriid
480:titanosaur
456:fossilized
429:R. ostromi
398:in 2000.
362:Madagascar
205:Saurischia
192:Dinosauria
4809:Paravians
4720:Rahonavis
4690:Rahonavis
4650:Sauriurae
4630:Carinatae
4466:Cyphornis
4452:Aequornis
4421:Gastornis
4383:Genyornis
4376:Dromornis
3933:Baptornis
3866:Limenavis
3846:Iaceornis
3836:Guildavis
3826:Gallornis
3816:Cerebavis
3806:Apatornis
3610:Apsaravis
3603:Ambiortus
3572:Kuszholia
3037:Sapeornis
2864:Rahonavis
2656:Pedopenna
2538:Rahonavis
2210:Falcarius
2152:Mononykus
2104:Albinykus
1934:Xiyunykus
1803:Elopteryx
1720:Theropoda
1705:Theropoda
1653:Theropoda
1627:Kingdom:
1507:218913199
1428:2167-8359
1412:: e7247.
1301:2246/5823
1163:221507083
1077:220097569
842:Rahonavis
838:Rahonavis
834:Rahonavis
826:Rahonavis
818:Rahonavis
799:Rahonavis
795:Rahonavis
771:Rahonavis
766:Rahonavis
743:Rahonavis
733:Rahonavis
729:Rahonavis
709:Rahonavis
697:Rahonavis
686:Unenlagia
682:Unenlagia
678:Rahonavis
667:Unenlagia
662:Rahonavis
650:Rahonavis
629:Rahonavis
623:Rahonavis
600:Rahonavis
578:Rahonavis
562:Rahonavis
560:found in
507:Rahonavis
492:Rahonavis
488:Rahonavis
484:Rahonavis
476:Berivotra
460:Rahonavis
403:Rahonavis
401:The name
386:Rahonavis
378:Berivotra
348:from the
333:Rahonavis
286:, 1998a)
245:Rahonavis
218:Theropoda
165:Kingdom:
159:Eukaryota
36:Rahonavis
4734:47446345
4699:Wikidata
4665:Category
4473:Dasornis
4345:Qinornis
4002:Canadaga
3940:Brodavis
3762:Yanornis
3716:Yanornis
3693:Hollanda
3391:Iteravis
3371:Hollanda
3330:Dingavis
3081:Yangavis
3005:Proornis
2649:Ostromia
2613:Aurornis
2159:Shuvuuia
1891:Bannykus
1635:Chordata
1633:Phylum:
1629:Animalia
1499:32468191
1446:31333906
1356:17823350
1256:27078534
1248:16222297
1203:11576813
866:See also
703:than to
470:and the
407:Malagasy
346:theropod
300:Synonyms
179:Chordata
175:Phylum:
169:Animalia
155:Domain:
4773:4946117
4760:1198883
4747:3238980
4705:Q131167
4487:Laornis
4233:Neoaves
4081:Vegavis
3906:Janavis
3481:Wyleyia
2791:Avialae
2620:Caihong
2486:Paraves
2473:Paraves
2407:Paraves
1573:4524040
1553:Bibcode
1469:Bibcode
1437:6626525
1334:Bibcode
1325:Science
1228:Bibcode
1057:Bibcode
1048:Science
1032:9506938
1012:Bibcode
1003:Science
775:chimera
701:Avialae
617:on its
607:Avialae
554:Morocco
293:, 1998b
288:Forster
281:Forster
256:, 1998b
251:Forster
237:Genus:
231:Paraves
4058:Maaqwi
3856:Kookne
3471:Vorona
3350:Gansus
2822:Balaur
1825:Kakuru
1571:
1505:
1497:
1444:
1434:
1426:
1354:
1254:
1246:
1219:Nature
1201:
1161:
1075:
1030:
983:
779:Rahona
639:pelvis
543:Albian
516:Rahona
511:Rahona
412:rahona
344:-like
310:Rahona
291:et al.
284:et al.
254:et al.
4786:64132
4755:IRMNG
1883:Aorun
1658:Clade
1649:Clade
1640:Clade
1569:JSTOR
1503:S2CID
1406:PeerJ
1320:(PDF)
1252:S2CID
1199:S2CID
1159:S2CID
1095:(PDF)
1073:S2CID
725:et al
604:clade
570:genus
524:moths
500:raven
418:Latin
338:genus
336:is a
225:Clade
212:Clade
199:Clade
186:Clade
4742:GBIF
4509:Manu
4285:see
4262:see
4206:see
3150:see
2772:see
2746:see
2393:see
1718:see
1691:see
1495:PMID
1442:PMID
1424:ISSN
1352:PMID
1244:PMID
1028:PMID
981:ISBN
850:, a
717:and
670:and
619:ulna
468:SUNY
454:The
423:avis
342:bird
59:PreꞒ
4729:EoL
2048:Kol
1561:doi
1543:".
1485:hdl
1477:doi
1465:107
1432:PMC
1414:doi
1342:doi
1330:317
1296:hdl
1288:doi
1236:doi
1224:437
1191:doi
1149:doi
1109:doi
1065:doi
1053:280
1020:doi
1008:279
949:doi
852:bat
688:.
552:in
545:to
535:NMC
358:mya
340:of
4805::
4783::
4770::
4757::
4744::
4731::
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4701::
2583:Yi
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1642::
1567:.
1559:.
1549:19
1547:.
1529:.
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1493:.
1483:.
1475:.
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1440:.
1430:.
1422:.
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1404:.
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1322:.
1294:.
1280:.
1250:.
1242:.
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1197:.
1187:40
1185:.
1171:^
1157:.
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1143:.
1139:.
1123:^
1103:.
1097:.
1071:.
1063:.
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1026:.
1018:.
1006:.
979:.
961:^
945:20
943:.
939:.
862:.
580:.
526:.
502:.
435:.
384:.
380:,
366:UA
227::
214::
201::
188::
109:Pg
53:Ma
48:)
4570:?
4555:?
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4490:?
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4416:?
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3407:†
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3000:†
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2902:†
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2808:†
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1983:?
1961:?
1929:?
1886:?
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1821:†
1817:?
1810:†
1806:?
1799:†
1603:e
1596:t
1589:v
1575:.
1563::
1555::
1531:3
1509:.
1487::
1479::
1471::
1448:.
1416::
1410:7
1358:.
1344::
1336::
1304:.
1298::
1290::
1263:.
1258:.
1238::
1230::
1205:.
1193::
1165:.
1151::
1117:.
1111::
1105:2
1079:.
1067::
1059::
1034:.
1022::
1014::
989:.
955:.
951::
533:(
352:(
279:(
270:†
241:†
114:N
104:K
99:J
94:T
89:P
84:C
79:D
74:S
69:O
64:Ꞓ
44:(
20:)
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