656:, and Governor Dudley issued him a colonel's commission for the effort, giving him specific orders to obtain Acadian prisoners that could be exchanged for the English prisoners taken in the Deerfield raid. The expedition was also to be one of punishment: "Use all possible methods for the burning and destroying of the enemies houses and breaking the dams of their corn grounds, and make what other spoil you can upon them". Dudley, however, specifically denied Church permission to attack Port Royal, the Acadian capital, citing the need to get permission from
125:
865:
827:
defenders fired on the raiders' right flank from behind trees and logs, but their fire was ineffective and they were driven off. The raiders then entered the village and began plundering. Some of the men broke into the liquor stores they found and began drinking, but
Colonel Church quickly put a stop to that activity. They spent the rest of the day destroying much of the village. According to one of Church's dispatches, they destroyed 60 houses, 6 mills, and many barns, along with about 70 cattle.
819:
174:
50:
844:
763:
637:
887:, not far from Grand Pré), where he took 45 prisoners. He then sailed for Port Royal to rejoin the fleet blockading Port Royal. According to uncorroborated French reports, the blockaders had made some landings in the vicinity of Port Royal, burning a few isolated houses and taking some prisoners. Governor Brouillan organized defenses that successfully prevented further landings.
161:
782:. Hoping to take advantage of the element of surprise, Church secretly approached the village from behind the heavily wooded Boot Island. His men unloaded the whaleboats to go ashore late in the day and started to move quickly toward the village. Church sent Lieut. Giles ahead with a flag of truce and a written notice demanding the village's complete surrender.
806:
expected the high stream banks to provide some cover, but when tide rose that night, it was so high that the boats were exposed to gunfire from the local militia, who had gathered in the woods along the banks. According to Church, the
Acadians and Mi'kmaq "fired smartly at our forces". Church had a small cannon on his boat, which he used to fire
890:
After rejoining the warships, Church held a council to discuss whether or not to launch a large-scale attack against Port Royal. The council decided that their force was "inferiour to the strength of the enemy", and that they would "quit it wholly and go about other business". The expedition then
830:
At one point some of the men noticed that some of the
Acadians were nearby, driving off some of their cattle. Church detached Lieutenant Barker and some men to give chase, warning them to advance with care. However, Barker was somewhat rash in pursuing the chase, and he and another man were killed
801:
had one hour to surrender. Although he expected to reach the village by the time the hour had past, Church's force became delayed by stream crossings made more difficult by the receding tide: "But meeting with several creeks near twenty or thirty feet deep, which were very muddy and dirty, so that
786:
We do also declare, that we have already made some beginnings of killing and scalping some Canada men, which we have not been wont to do or allow, and are now come with a great number of
English and Indians, all volunteers, with resolutions to subdue you, and make you sensible of your cruelties to
938:
Dudley's decision to deny Church permission to attack Port Royal had political ramifications: his opponents in
Massachusetts accused him of protecting Port Royal because he was benefiting from illicit trade with Acadia. These allegations continued for several years, and Dudley eventually chose to
805:
Because Church's forces were stuck in the mud exposed by the retreating tide, they lost any element of surprise, and the
Acadians took the opportunity to evacuate Grand Pré with some of their cattle and the "best of their goods". Church's forces waited in their boats for the tide to rise. Church
855:
To give the impression to the
Acadians and Mi'kmaq that his forces were leaving, Church had his soldiers burn the fortifications they had built the day before. He also had them load themselves and the whale boats back onto their transport vessels. Some of the Acadians returned in the night and
826:
Having withdrawn from the village, the next morning the
Acadian and Mi'kmaq militia waited in the woods for Church and his men to arrive. At the break of day, the New Englanders again set off toward the village, under orders from Church to drive any resistance before them. The largest body of
930:
The direct effects of the raid were fairly short-lived. Because of the destruction of the crop and stored grain, the colony suffered a flour shortage that winter, although it was not severe enough to cause significant hardship. Grand Pré was rebuilt, the dykes were repaired, and there was a
749:
in the hopes of capturing a French supply ship, while the bulk of the expedition sailed for Grand Pré. The three ship captains on 24 June demanded the surrender of the garrison at Port Royal, threatening a frontal assault with 1,700 New
Englanders and "Sauvages". Governor
903:). Church, after some ineffectual skirmishing with villagers hiding in the woods, burned the village's houses and barns and slaughtered 100 head of cattle, before sailing for Boston. Church reported that six of his men were killed over the course of the expedition.
754:, despite defenses in poor conditions and a garrison of only 150 able men, saw through the bluff and refused. Historian George Rawlyk speculates that Governor Dudley may have intentionally asked them to make this bluff without Church's involvement.
620:, which they used to drain marshlands for agriculture, and to protect those lands from the inflow of the exceptionally high tides (over 6 meters, or 20 feet, in some places) for which the Bay of Fundy is well known. The community of
834:
That evening the raiders built a fortification out of logs while burning the church and the rest of the village. Church reported that "the whole town seemed to be on fire all at once." All but one home was burned.
851:
On the morning of the third day, Church gave the orders to destroy the dykes and, in turn, all of the crops. Seven dykes were broken, destroying most of the harvest and ruining over 200 hogsheads of stored wheat.
616:
was one of the largest and most successful communities on the Minas Basin, with a population of about 500 in 1701. French settlers to the area had brought with them knowledge on the constructions of
770:
The principal detailed account of these events was provided by
Colonel Church in his memoirs, first published in 1716. French military officers later summarized the damage caused by the raiders.
911:
The prisoners that Church took were brought to Boston, where they were at first given relatively free access to the town. The town selectman complained, and the Acadians were then confined to
915:. They were exchanged in 1705 and 1706 for prisoners taken in the Deerfield raid, although the negotiations were complicated by Dudley's initial refusal to release the noted French privateer
270:
573:
under French leadership in February 1704. The severity of this raid (more than 50 villagers killed and more than 100 captured) prompted calls for revenge, and the veteran Indian fighter
1976:
733:
had a fortified trading post. Saint-Castin was absent, but Church took prisoner his daughter and her children. He also learned that a new French settlement was being built at
554:, knowing he would have to rely on Indian support for defense against the more numerous English, had already encouraged the Indians to take up the hatchet. Following the
1637:
The History of King Philip's War; Also of Expeditions Against the French and Indians in Its Eastern Parts of New England, in the Years 1689, 1692, 1696 and 1704
263:
989:. At the time, the Gregorian dates were 11 days later than the Julian dates; dates in this article are in the Julian calendar unless both dates are provided.
751:
565:
during the summer of 1703, the English colonists embarked on largely unsuccessful retaliatory raids against Abenaki villages. This prompted the Abenakis to
150:
810:
at the attackers on the shore, who withdrew, suffering one Mi'kmaq killed and several wounded. Church's forces then waited out the rest of the night.
730:
895:, where the village of Beaubassin was raided. Its inhabitants had by then been alerted to the English activities, and under the leadership of Father
1961:
1956:
256:
1991:
492:
quickly repaired the dikes after the raiders left, and the land was returned to production. Church continued his raiding expedition, striking at
1912:
1855:
1832:
1735:
1716:
1694:
1675:
1544:
406:
183:
143:
931:
successful harvest in 1706. The memory of the raid however, lasted in the population. As late as the 1740s (after Acadia had become British
924:
856:
immediately began to mend the broken dykes. However, Church had anticipated this, and sent men back to the town to drive the Acadians off.
962:
1951:
1966:
1986:
1971:
935:) Grand Pré's inhabitants worried about a return of English raiders, and were cautious in their dealing with British authorities.
1806:
1766:
1610:
1583:
1560:
957:
136:
952:
663:
The force Church raised consisted of about 500 volunteers from coastal areas of Massachusetts, including some Indians. He left
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379:
339:
1996:
307:
204:
1866:
916:
535:
515:
450:
396:
374:
280:
75:
2006:
766:
Detail from an 18th-century map showing the English expedition's movements up to its arrival at Grand Pré and Port Royal
551:
322:
1981:
1578:
940:
738:
369:
359:
613:
609:
481:
411:
344:
87:
59:
1666:
A Great and Noble Scheme: The Tragic Story of the Expulsion of the French Acadians from Their American Homeland
1627:
900:
649:
574:
570:
454:
434:
364:
327:
199:
55:
2001:
864:
317:
694:
312:
22:
1704:
884:
818:
737:, so the expedition next sailed for that destination. Church sent a small force ashore near present-day
391:
248:
653:
1797:
1631:
892:
880:
672:
625:
555:
896:
847:
Detail from an 18th-century map annotated to show the English expedition's movements after the raid
714:
597:
519:
505:
442:
287:
41:
1895:
1659:
1645:
986:
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encampment, killing one Indian. Church then separated the warships, sending them to blockade the
686:
401:
166:
899:
had removed their possessions and as much livestock as possible from the village to Chedabucto (
1851:
1828:
1761:
1731:
1712:
1690:
1671:
1605:
1540:
1520:
798:
734:
679:
641:
566:
509:
473:
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on 25 May 1704 with 500 provincial militia and some Indian allies, the expedition reached the
446:
349:
130:
1899:
1746:
699:
213:
1783:
1601:
982:
209:
1801:
1635:
1787:
49:
1844:
1555:
912:
843:
726:
173:
1649:
981:
English records, including Church's accounts, record the dates of these events in the
762:
592:
Acadia was at the time dominated by a series of settlements dotting the shores of the
488:
that protected its croplands. The croplands were flooded by salt water, but the local
1945:
1664:
869:
718:
586:
531:
469:
1757:
1651:
The Border Wars of New England, Commonly Called King William's and Queen Anne's Wars
1532:
1516:
The Acts and Resolves, Public and Private, of the Province of the Massachusetts Bay
667:
on 15/26 May with fourteen transports and three warships. The warships include the
593:
477:
1514:
932:
920:
802:
the army could not get over them, were obliged to return to their boats again."
636:
605:
582:
465:
430:
177:
95:
1878:
807:
707:
668:
621:
547:
493:
1927:
1914:
1524:
604:
with a modest garrison. The land at the top of the bay, on the shores of the
746:
722:
601:
1825:
An Unsettled Conquest: The British Campaign Against the Peoples of Acadia
876:
742:
703:
489:
484:, and spent three days destroying the town and attempting to destroy the
543:
523:
496:
and other communities before finally returning to Boston in late July.
1770:. Vol. 3 (online ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press
1614:. Vol. 3 (online ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press
664:
657:
578:
559:
527:
461:
438:
91:
1687:
The First Way of War: American War Making on the Frontier, 1607–1814
577:
offered his services for an expedition against the French colony of
778:
On 24 June/3 July 1704, Church arrived at Grand Pré on the frigate
1728:
Captors and Captives: The 1704 French and Indian Raid on Deerfield
1709:
From Migrant to Acadian: A North American Border People, 1604–1755
863:
842:
817:
761:
635:
617:
539:
485:
476:. Although he lost surprise due to the famously high tides of the
1904:
Massachusetts Series. Vol. 1. Boston: Society for Americana.
612:
was one of the major seats of food production in the colony, and
526:
in 1702, it spawned conflict between the colonies of England and
600:, was the only significantly fortified community, defended by a
1810:. Vol. 2 (online ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto
1587:. Vol. 2 (online ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto
1564:. Vol. 2 (online ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto
252:
429:
was the major action of a raiding expedition conducted by the
1730:. Amherst, Massachusetts: University of Massachusetts Press.
692:(32), which were also accompanied by the Massachusetts ketch
596:
and its adjacent bays. Its principal settlement and capital,
550:. In this he was unsuccessful, because New France's Governor
1519:. Vol. 8. Boston: Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 1895.
1281:
1279:
1211:
1209:
1036:
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1032:
1030:
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1026:
1024:
1022:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1347:
1345:
1296:
1294:
875:
The next day Church left Grand Pré and went on to raid
542:), sought in June 1703 to ensure the neutrality of the
628:
and elsewhere on the shores of the Cumberland Basin.
546:
who occupied the frontier between Massachusetts and
445:. The expedition was allegedly in retaliation for a
1871:
Journal of the Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society
741:, where they destroyed a house and raided a nearby
1843:
1827:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
1792:. Vol. 1. Halifax, Nova Scotia: James Barnes.
1663:
831:before the raiders retreated back to the village.
702:'s command. (Church took a former prisoner of the
563:military campaign against the New England frontier
1227:
624:was the largest of several towns situated on the
468:on 24 June, after raiding smaller settlements at
1901:An Historical Digest of the Provincial Press...
784:
34:
1116:
1100:
1850:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
1711:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
1670:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
1537:Little-Known Wars of Great and Lasting Impact
923:and other captives, for Deerfield's minister
264:
8:
1977:Battles of the War of the Spanish Succession
1579:"Monbeton de Brouillan, Jacques-François de"
640:Grand Pré was raided in retaliation for the
1445:
919:, who was ultimately exchanged, along with
787:us, by treating you after the same manner.
1457:
1421:
1380:
271:
257:
249:
31:
1867:"Noel Doiron and the East Hants Acadians"
1497:
1473:
1285:
1242:
1215:
1164:
1128:
1040:
752:Jacques-François de Monbeton de Brouillan
1689:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
1485:
1188:
985:, while French records have them in the
1270:
1246:
1176:
1013:
1006:
974:
1726:Haefeli, Evan; Sweeney, Kevin (2003).
1433:
1409:
1397:
1368:
1351:
1336:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1152:
1140:
18:Raiding Expedition of Queen Anne's War
1539:. Bevery, Massachusetts: Fair Winds.
1461:
1258:
1200:
1112:
1088:
1076:
1064:
1052:
7:
1789:A History of Nova-Scotia, Or Acadie
891:sailed back up the Bay of Fundy to
797:Church stipulated the Acadians and
480:, Church quickly gained control of
14:
1865:Scott, Shawn; Scott, Tod (2008).
839:Day 3: Destruction of the harvest
538:(which then included present-day
1807:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
1767:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
1611:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
1584:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
1561:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
958:Military history of the Acadians
939:deal with them by launching the
713:The expedition first sailed for
172:
159:
123:
48:
1962:Military history of New England
1957:Military history of Nova Scotia
1654:. New York: C. Scribner's Sons.
963:Military history of the Miꞌkmaq
953:Military history of Nova Scotia
792:Proclamation of Benjamin Church
238:About 6 killed, unknown wounded
1992:Indigenous conflicts in Canada
1745:Herbin, John Frederic (1907).
721:. Church sent a force to raid
534:, the governor of the English
1:
1705:Griffiths, N. E. S.
917:Pierre Maisonnat dit Baptiste
814:Day 2: Inhabitants driven off
536:Province of Massachusetts Bay
516:War of the Spanish Succession
1756:MacNutt, W. S. (1974).
1640:. Boston: Howe & Norton.
1117:Haefeli & Sweeney (2003)
1101:Haefeli & Sweeney (2003)
941:failed attacks on Port Royal
552:Philippe de Rigaud Vaudreuil
203:John Gorham (Grandfather of
1846:Nova Scotia's Massachusetts
1554:Baillargeon, Noël (1982) .
660:before taking such a step.
228:500 volunteers and warriors
2023:
1952:Military history of Acadia
1842:Rawlyk, George A. (1973).
868:Governor of Massachusetts
739:St. Stephen, New Brunswick
650:previously led expeditions
503:
107:English and allied victory
20:
1967:Battles involving England
1928:45.1050389°N 64.2986833°W
1600:Chard, Donald F. (1974).
298:
243:6 killed, unknown wounded
232:
219:
190:
115:
66:
47:
39:
1987:Conflicts in Nova Scotia
1972:Battles involving France
1823:Plank, Geoffrey (2001).
1748:The History of Grand-Pré
1630:(1825). Church, Thomas;
1458:Scott & Scott (2008)
1422:Scott & Scott (2008)
1381:Weeks & Bacon (1911)
1131:, pp. 189, 198–201.
901:Guysborough, Nova Scotia
822:Raid on Grand Pre (1704)
571:Deerfield, Massachusetts
21:Not to be confused with
1933:45.1050389; -64.2986833
729:), where the Frenchman
717:, near the entrance to
632:Start of the expedition
302:Quebec and Newfoundland
1877:: 45ff. Archived from
1685:Grenier, John (2005).
1577:Baudry, René (1982) .
1155:, pp. 30–32, 165.
872:
848:
823:
795:
767:
652:against Acadia during
645:
589:, and eastern Maine).
453:frontier community of
447:French and Indian raid
334:Acadia and New England
191:Commanders and leaders
1997:1704 in North America
1894:Weeks, Lyman Horace;
1762:Halpenny, Francess G.
1751:. Toronto: W. Briggs.
1632:Drake, Samuel Gardner
1606:Halpenny, Francess G.
885:Falmouth, Nova Scotia
867:
860:End of the expedition
846:
821:
765:
639:
581:(roughly present-day
567:participate in a raid
522:) widened to include
441:in June 1704, during
233:Casualties and losses
74:24–26 June (3–5 July
1079:, pp. 142, 153.
710:as his translator.)
626:Isthmus of Chignecto
556:Wabanaki Confederacy
386:Carolina and Florida
1924: /
1660:Faragher, John Mack
1646:Drake, Samuel Adams
1602:"Southack, Cyprian"
1500:, pp. 213–217.
1091:, pp. 154–168.
715:Mount Desert Island
457:earlier that year.
380:2nd Northeast Coast
340:1st Northeast Coast
23:Battle of Grand Pré
1802:"Church, Benjamin"
1798:Peckham, Howard H.
1446:Baillargeon (1982)
987:Gregorian calendar
873:
849:
824:
768:
731:Baron Saint-Castin
654:King William's War
646:
530:in North America.
283:Spanish Succession
167:Kingdom of England
1982:Conflicts in 1704
1857:978-0-7735-8404-4
1834:978-0-8122-0710-1
1737:978-1-55849-503-6
1718:978-0-7735-2699-0
1696:978-1-139-44470-5
1677:978-0-393-05135-3
1546:978-1-59233-375-2
1229:Acts and Resolves
1143:, pp. 32–34.
735:Passamaquoddy Bay
642:Raid on Deerfield
610:Cumberland Basins
510:Raid on Deerfield
474:Passamaquoddy Bay
427:Raid on Grand Pré
420:
419:
247:
246:
131:Kingdom of France
111:
110:
58:, the "Father of
35:Raid on Grand Pré
2014:
2007:Queen Anne's War
1939:
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1784:Murdoch, Beamish
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1641:
1628:Church, Benjamin
1623:
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1619:
1596:
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1592:
1573:
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1569:
1556:"Trouvé, Claude"
1550:
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1498:Griffiths (2005)
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1474:Griffiths (2005)
1471:
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1286:Griffiths (2005)
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1243:Griffiths (2005)
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1213:
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1129:Griffiths (2005)
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1074:
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1056:
1050:
1044:
1041:Griffiths (2005)
1038:
1017:
1011:
990:
979:
793:
700:Cyprian Southack
618:dikes and levees
520:Queen Anne's War
506:Queen Anne's War
486:dikes and levees
443:Queen Anne's War
433:militia Colonel
293:
292:
290:
289:Queen Anne's War
273:
266:
259:
250:
214:Cyprian Southack
176:
165:
163:
162:
129:
127:
126:
68:
67:
60:American ranging
52:
42:Queen Anne's War
32:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2011:
1942:
1941:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1896:Bacon, Edwin M.
1893:
1884:
1882:
1864:
1858:
1841:
1835:
1822:
1813:
1811:
1796:
1782:
1773:
1771:
1755:
1744:
1738:
1725:
1719:
1703:
1697:
1684:
1678:
1658:
1644:
1626:
1617:
1615:
1599:
1590:
1588:
1576:
1567:
1565:
1553:
1547:
1531:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1486:Faragher (2005)
1484:
1480:
1472:
1468:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1432:
1428:
1420:
1416:
1408:
1404:
1396:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1367:
1358:
1350:
1343:
1335:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1311:
1307:
1299:
1292:
1284:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1245:, p. 206;
1241:
1237:
1226:
1222:
1214:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1189:Faragher (2005)
1187:
1183:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1127:
1123:
1115:, p. 193;
1111:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1075:
1071:
1063:
1059:
1051:
1047:
1039:
1020:
1012:
1008:
1004:
999:
994:
993:
983:Julian calendar
980:
976:
971:
949:
909:
862:
841:
816:
794:
791:
776:
760:
695:Province Galley
644:, depicted here
634:
575:Benjamin Church
512:
504:Main articles:
502:
437:against French
435:Benjamin Church
423:
422:
421:
416:
294:
288:
286:
285:
282:
279:
277:
239:
212:
210:Winthrop Hilton
208:
202:
200:Benjamin Church
180:
160:
158:
139:
124:
122:
99:
56:Benjamin Church
53:
26:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2020:
2018:
2010:
2009:
2004:
2002:Military raids
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1944:
1943:
1907:
1906:
1891:
1881:on 2 July 2011
1862:
1856:
1839:
1833:
1820:
1794:
1780:
1753:
1742:
1736:
1723:
1717:
1701:
1695:
1682:
1676:
1656:
1642:
1624:
1597:
1574:
1551:
1545:
1529:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1490:
1488:, p. 112.
1478:
1476:, p. 209.
1466:
1464:, p. 212.
1460:, p. 53;
1450:
1438:
1426:
1414:
1412:, p. 276.
1402:
1400:, p. 275.
1385:
1383:, p. 108.
1373:
1371:, p. 274.
1356:
1354:, p. 273.
1341:
1339:, p. 272.
1329:
1327:, p. 271.
1317:
1315:, p. iii.
1305:
1290:
1288:, p. 207.
1275:
1271:MacNutt (1974)
1263:
1251:
1249:, p. 272.
1247:Murdoch (1865)
1235:
1233:, p. 332.
1220:
1218:, p. 206.
1205:
1193:
1191:, p. 109.
1181:
1177:Peckham (1982)
1169:
1167:, p. 187.
1157:
1145:
1133:
1121:
1119:, p. 122.
1105:
1093:
1081:
1069:
1067:, p. 150.
1057:
1055:, p. 141.
1045:
1043:, p. 208.
1018:
1014:Grenier (2005)
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
992:
991:
973:
972:
970:
967:
966:
965:
960:
955:
948:
945:
913:Castle William
908:
905:
861:
858:
840:
837:
815:
812:
789:
775:
774:Day 1: Arrival
772:
759:
756:
727:Castine, Maine
685:(42 guns) and
633:
630:
501:
498:
418:
417:
415:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
388:
387:
383:
382:
377:
372:
370:2nd Port Royal
367:
362:
360:1st Port Royal
357:
352:
347:
342:
336:
335:
331:
330:
325:
320:
318:2nd St. John's
315:
313:1st St. John's
310:
304:
303:
299:
296:
295:
278:
276:
275:
268:
261:
253:
245:
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197:
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155:
154:
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141:
140:
118:
117:
113:
112:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
86:
84:
80:
79:
72:
64:
63:
45:
44:
37:
36:
30:
29:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2019:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1940:
1937:
1919:64°17′55.26″W
1903:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1759:
1758:"Gyles, John"
1754:
1750:
1749:
1743:
1739:
1733:
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1724:
1720:
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1575:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1552:
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1542:
1538:
1534:
1533:Axelrod, Alan
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
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1512:
1511:
1506:
1499:
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1463:
1459:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1434:Baudry (1982)
1430:
1427:
1424:, p. 53.
1423:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1410:Church (1825)
1406:
1403:
1399:
1398:Church (1825)
1394:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1369:Church (1825)
1365:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1352:Church (1825)
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1337:Church (1825)
1333:
1330:
1326:
1325:Church (1825)
1321:
1318:
1314:
1313:Church (1825)
1309:
1306:
1303:, p. 98.
1302:
1301:Rawlyk (1973)
1297:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1203:, p. 37.
1202:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1153:Herbin (1907)
1149:
1146:
1142:
1141:Herbin (1907)
1137:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1106:
1103:, p. 92.
1102:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1016:, p. 35.
1015:
1010:
1007:
1001:
996:
988:
984:
978:
975:
968:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
946:
944:
942:
936:
934:
928:
926:
925:John Williams
922:
918:
914:
906:
904:
902:
898:
897:Claude Trouve
894:
888:
886:
882:
879:(present day
878:
871:
870:Joseph Dudley
866:
859:
857:
853:
845:
838:
836:
832:
828:
820:
813:
811:
809:
803:
800:
788:
783:
781:
773:
771:
764:
757:
755:
753:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
725:(present-day
724:
720:
719:Penobscot Bay
716:
711:
709:
705:
701:
697:
696:
691:
690:
684:
683:
677:
676:
670:
666:
661:
659:
655:
651:
643:
638:
631:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
590:
588:
587:New Brunswick
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
532:Joseph Dudley
529:
525:
521:
518:(also called
517:
511:
507:
499:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:Penobscot Bay
467:
463:
458:
456:
452:
451:Massachusetts
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
397:St. Augustine
395:
393:
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389:
385:
384:
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378:
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371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
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353:
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343:
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333:
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329:
326:
324:
321:
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311:
309:
306:
305:
301:
300:
297:
291:
284:
274:
269:
267:
262:
260:
255:
254:
251:
242:
237:
236:
231:
227:
224:
223:
218:
215:
211:
206:
201:
198:
195:
194:
189:
185:
179:
175:
171:
170:
169:
168:
156:
152:
151:Mi'kmaq Tribe
149:
148:
147:
145:
138:
135:
134:
133:
132:
120:
119:
114:
106:
103:
102:
97:
94:(present-day
93:
89:
85:
82:
81:
77:
73:
70:
69:
65:
61:
57:
51:
46:
43:
38:
33:
28:
24:
16:
1916:45°6′18.14″N
1909:
1900:
1883:. Retrieved
1879:the original
1874:
1870:
1845:
1824:
1812:. Retrieved
1805:
1788:
1772:. Retrieved
1765:
1747:
1727:
1708:
1686:
1665:
1650:
1636:
1616:. Retrieved
1609:
1589:. Retrieved
1582:
1566:. Retrieved
1559:
1536:
1515:
1507:Bibliography
1493:
1481:
1469:
1462:Drake (1897)
1453:
1441:
1429:
1417:
1405:
1376:
1332:
1320:
1308:
1266:
1259:Chard (1974)
1254:
1238:
1228:
1223:
1201:Plank (2001)
1196:
1184:
1172:
1160:
1148:
1136:
1124:
1113:Drake (1897)
1108:
1096:
1089:Drake (1897)
1084:
1077:Drake (1897)
1072:
1065:Drake (1897)
1060:
1053:Drake (1897)
1048:
1009:
977:
937:
929:
910:
889:
874:
854:
850:
833:
829:
825:
804:
796:
785:
779:
777:
769:
712:
693:
688:
681:
674:
662:
647:
594:Bay of Fundy
591:
513:
478:Bay of Fundy
459:
449:against the
426:
424:
407:Charles Town
375:Bloody Creek
354:
308:Newfoundland
157:
142:
121:
116:Belligerents
27:
15:
1931: /
933:Nova Scotia
921:Noel Doiron
648:Church had
583:Nova Scotia
466:Minas Basin
431:New England
392:Flint River
323:Fort Albany
240:45 captured
205:John Gorham
178:New England
96:Nova Scotia
1946:Categories
1885:27 January
1814:26 January
1774:31 October
1618:26 January
1591:31 October
1568:31 October
997:References
808:grape shot
708:John Gyles
669:Royal Navy
622:Beaubassin
598:Port Royal
548:New France
494:Beaubassin
460:Departing
281:War of the
1800:(1982) .
1525:174120967
1002:Footnotes
943:in 1707.
907:Aftermath
893:Chignecto
780:Adventure
758:Grand Pré
747:Digby Gut
723:Pentagoet
687:HMS
680:HMS
675:Adventure
673:HMS
614:Grand Pré
602:star fort
514:When the
482:Grand-Pré
455:Deerfield
412:Pensacola
402:Apalachee
365:Haverhill
355:Grand Pré
350:Deerfield
88:Grand-Pré
76:New Style
1898:(1911).
1786:(1865).
1707:(2005).
1662:(2005).
1648:(1897).
1634:(eds.).
1535:(2009).
947:See also
877:Pisiguit
790:—
743:Maliseet
704:Maliseet
671:vessels
544:Abenakis
490:Acadians
345:Falmouth
220:Strength
83:Location
54:Colonel
40:Part of
1764:(ed.).
1608:(ed.).
881:Windsor
799:Mi'kmaq
689:Gosport
524:England
500:Context
225:Unknown
196:Unknown
146:allies
1854:
1831:
1734:
1715:
1693:
1674:
1543:
1523:
1231:(1895)
698:under
682:Jersey
665:Boston
658:London
579:Acadia
560:Acadia
528:France
462:Boston
439:Acadia
328:Quebec
186:allies
184:Indian
164:
144:Indian
137:Acadia
128:
104:Result
92:Acadia
78:) 1704
1760:. In
1604:. In
969:Notes
606:Minas
540:Maine
1887:2011
1852:ISBN
1829:ISBN
1816:2011
1776:2021
1732:ISBN
1713:ISBN
1691:ISBN
1672:ISBN
1620:2011
1593:2021
1570:2021
1541:ISBN
1521:OCLC
883:and
608:and
508:and
472:and
425:The
71:Date
569:on
558:of
1948::
1875:11
1873:.
1869:.
1804:.
1581:.
1558:.
1388:^
1359:^
1344:^
1293:^
1278:^
1208:^
1021:^
927:.
706:,
678:,
585:,
207:)
90:,
1889:.
1860:.
1837:.
1818:.
1778:.
1740:.
1721:.
1699:.
1680:.
1622:.
1595:.
1572:.
1549:.
1527:.
1448:.
1436:.
1273:.
1261:.
1179:.
272:e
265:t
258:v
98:)
62:"
25:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
