685:) and mustered under Major Turner's command when they arrived. One party of Haverhill militiamen discovered the raiders' baggage camp several miles from the village, and took their packs. Captain Samuel Ayer's company, numbering about 20, pursued the retreating raiders. Eventually strengthened by further militia, he engaged the encumbered raiders. In a furious rear-guard action the raiders fought off the militia (killing Ayer in the action), but lost nine killed, including Hertel de Rouville's brother, and 18 wounded. Because of the skirmish, the raiders abandoned some of their loot, and some of their prisoners got away. The village recorded that 30 to 40 people were killed or captured, which included those who escaped in the later skirmish.
677:
descended on the houses in the village. One of the colonial garrisons was stationed in the home of the minister, Benjamin Rolfe, who had barred the door in an attempt to keep the raiders out. Raiders fired through the door, wounding Rolfe, and then broke the door down. They then slaughtered Rolfe, his wife, infant child, and the colonial militiamen, who, "paralyzed by fear", were begging for mercy. In another house, one baby was thrown through an open window by a raider but suffered no injury. A number of villagers escaped by hiding in cellars whose trapdoors were not discovered by the raiders. Captain
Wainwright was preparing to organize a defense when gunfire from the raiders passed through the door to his house, killing him instantly.
653:, some men fell sick and the rest refused to continue, in what some contemporaries thought was a ruse by the Iroquois to avoid conflict. Vaudreuil believed this was the case, and reports reached the English at Albany that the Iroquois had deliberately chosen to abandon the expedition "not to join war against New England." Despite these setbacks, Vaudreuil ordered Hertel de Rouville to press on, even if he received no further reinforcements. When his company reached Lake Winnipesaukee, he found that no eastern Indians willing to participate in the expedition had been found. Hertel de Rouville was consequently left with a band of about 160 men, which limited his options for raiding targets to places that were less fortified.
118:
48:
107:
1991:
660:. It was not particularly large (25 to 30 houses), its location lent itself poorly to defense, and only some of the houses were fortified. A fast-moving raiding party could be in and out of the village before the alarm could be raised. The party arrived outside Haverhill and prepared to begin the raid on Sunday, August 29. It was joined at some point on its travels by the exiled Abenaki war chief
637:
514:. Hertel de Rouville's band killed or took prisoner many of the townsfolk, returning to Canada on a difficult trek in which a number of the prisoners died; many of the surviving captives were adopted into Indian communities afterward. Massachusetts fortified its frontier with militia in response to this raid, and launched
697:
French accounts of the raid greatly exaggerated the numbers involved, claiming that several hundred had been killed, and that the post-raid skirmish had involved as many as 200 English colonists.The raid was more costly to the French than previous raids had been: because of better preparedness on the
693:
The raiders' return to Canada was difficult. Joseph
Bartlett, one of their captives, described the privations suffered due to the loss of the force's baggage. One day they caught a hawk, which was divided among 15 men; his share, the head, was "the largest meal I had these four days." Bartlett
667:
At the time, responsibility for
Haverhill's defense was divided. The local militia was under the command of Simon Wainwright, whose house had a view of the entire village. The town's defenses had been supplemented by three small (three to four man) garrisons of colonial troops under the overall
676:
The raiders successfully sneaked past the outer garrisons of provincial militia, and were first spotted in the pre-dawn light by a villager. Firing his gun to raise the alarm, he ran for the village, with the French and
Indians in noisy pursuit. The action quickly became general as the raiders
680:
The raiding and pillaging continued until the sounds of approaching militia companies reached the raiders, who quickly lit the town meetinghouse on fire and left with their accumulated prisoners and loot. The reinforcements came from neighboring communities (some from as far away as
420:. In the surprise attack, 16 people were killed and another 14 to 24 were taken captive. A rapid militia muster gave chase, and in a skirmish later in the day, nine of the French and Indian party were killed and some of their prisoners escaped.
427:. However, the unwillingness of some Indian tribes to participate in the expedition forced the French to reduce the scope of the operation and choose an easier target. The raid was more costly to the French than previous frontier raids like
640:
Detail from a 1719 map annotated to show the approximate routes taken (or planned) by French and Indian forces. Haverhill is marked in red, and the French and Indian routes and rendezvous points are marked in
545:
for failing to apply sufficient pressure on the New
England colonies. Vaudreuil was also concerned over the increasing tendency of Indians that were under French influence to engage in illicit trade with the
550:, cutting into New France's economic activity. Vaudreuil decided to address these issues by organizing a major raid into New England that was intended to be even larger in scope than the Deerfield raid.
628:. Because the expedition's targets were not known, little could be done to prepare specific defenses. A party of about 40 provincial militia were sent to Haverhill in response to these reports.
694:
remained in captivity with the
Indians for four years. Some of the Frenchmen, rather than attempt the journey without their supplies, surrendered themselves to Massachusetts authorities.
233:
2101:
423:
Haverhill was not the original target of the raiders. Expecting a larger Indian contingent, French authorities planned to engage in a series of raids on the communities of the
2131:
1301:
649:, a Huron died in an accident. This was viewed as a bad portent by many of the Indians, and the Hurons turned back. Among the Iroquois from Montreal, who traveled via
2096:
1306:
2091:
1629:
581:, under the command of Hertel de Rouville. This party included a number of veterans from the Deerfield raid, and they were accompanied by bands of Abenaki and
226:
2008:
525:
was also subjected to smaller-scale raids in 1704, but it was not originally the target of the ambitious expedition planned by New France's
Governor-General
1316:
1311:
656:
Haverhill was chosen as the target for several reasons. The village layout was already well known from the 1704 raids and from an earlier raid in the
2111:
2066:
2061:
1409:
219:
1893:
1639:
2081:
1604:
1555:
701:
The raid was the last large-scale attack the French launched against
Massachusetts in the war. Minor attacks occurred along its frontier, and
2126:
1505:
1180:
1149:
369:
1599:
1487:
1263:
2071:
2056:
1286:
1820:
2116:
2106:
2086:
1747:
1914:
1873:
1662:
499:
409:
171:
52:
1677:
1594:
1338:
342:
302:
698:
part of the
Massachusetts militia, the French suffered a higher proportion of casualties than they had in the Deerfield raid.
1667:
1584:
1296:
270:
1657:
511:
448:
417:
359:
337:
243:
80:
2141:
1857:
1565:
526:
285:
2146:
1619:
557:. In order to maintain some secrecy over the size and target of the expedition, forces from several points along the
2076:
1762:
1467:
710:
530:
332:
322:
542:
1956:
1783:
602:
574:
374:
307:
645:
Elements of the expedition departed in mid-July from the Saint
Lawrence River. As the Quebec party ascended the
1850:
1778:
1730:
1366:
1256:
717:
after some of its troop transports ran aground at the mouth of the St. Lawrence with significant loss of life.
714:
522:
507:
432:
413:
290:
76:
20:
553:
Vaudreuil's plan was to amass a force of as many as 400 men for attacks on the towns of New Hampshire on the
2136:
1961:
1589:
1560:
1333:
646:
280:
1924:
1909:
1550:
1477:
1457:
1432:
1372:
1323:
1291:
582:
275:
1840:
1825:
354:
211:
1929:
1971:
1939:
1835:
1692:
1609:
1515:
682:
578:
558:
547:
515:
476:
472:
317:
47:
2121:
1994:
1944:
1934:
1800:
1757:
1472:
1442:
1422:
1360:
1249:
534:
444:
393:
250:
39:
1102:
455:) broke out in 1702, it sparked war on the already tense frontier between the English colonies of
1447:
1378:
590:
562:
475:, the defense force of New France, often led parties of Indians from their settlements along the
468:
364:
1703:
1205:
657:
1976:
1919:
1437:
1394:
1328:
1230:
1209:
1186:
1176:
1155:
1145:
1125:
1106:
503:
428:
312:
123:
1966:
1845:
1795:
1735:
1535:
1525:
1384:
621:
554:
424:
401:
162:
151:
131:
1687:
1682:
452:
1510:
1096:
1810:
1752:
1399:
664:, who lived not far from Haverhill, and had received word of the expedition's advance.
650:
620:
Reports that a major expedition was being planned made their way via Indian traders to
610:
606:
566:
405:
106:
1199:
2050:
1725:
1545:
1520:
1223:
1169:
488:
484:
1530:
1389:
702:
1119:
713:
to an expedition that included British marines, and the British abandoned a 1711
1951:
636:
614:
498:
The largest and most successful raid of the war occurred in February 1704, when
480:
456:
138:
110:
1878:
1830:
1540:
1272:
460:
2024:
2010:
1159:
1888:
1883:
1790:
1740:
1709:
1672:
1190:
661:
594:
570:
176:
1234:
1213:
1129:
1110:
1815:
1805:
598:
586:
1697:
1171:
Abenaki Warrior: The Life and Times of Chief Escumbuit, Big Island Pond
577:, and consisted of about 100 men, drawn from Canadian militia and the
1354:
625:
538:
464:
397:
392:
was a military engagement that took place on August 29, 1708, during
1142:
Captors and Captives: The 1704 French and Indian Raid on Deerfield
706:
635:
492:
889:
887:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
483:, which then included small communities in what is now northern
1245:
215:
435:
because the province had been warned of the raiders' advance.
1241:
541:
in 1707, Vaudreuil was criticized by French Marine Minister
709:, was attacked by a substantial force in 1712. Port Royal
1042:
1040:
1027:
1025:
1012:
1010:
779:
777:
573:
tribal parties. The main French party departed from
1902:
1866:
1771:
1718:
1650:
1574:
1498:
1408:
1347:
1279:
1222:
1168:
1144:. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press.
201:16 killed, 14–24 militia and inhabitants captured
1201:The History of Canada: Canada under French Rule
191:250 native warriors and French Canadian militia
32:
893:
854:
819:
807:
768:
744:
1257:
1204:. Toronto: Roswell & Hutchinson. p.
227:
8:
2102:Battles of the War of the Spanish Succession
1264:
1250:
1242:
234:
220:
212:
29:
2132:1708 in the Province of Massachusetts Bay
1101:. Haverhill, MA: self-publisher. p.
1070:
1001:
905:
866:
795:
756:
732:
416:, then a small frontier community in the
1229:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
705:, then part of Massachusetts but now in
1098:The History of Haverhill, Massachusetts
917:
725:
502:led about 250 men, principally Indians
2097:Pre-statehood history of Massachusetts
1140:Haefeli, Evan; Sweeney, Kevin (2003).
2092:Events in Essex County, Massachusetts
1506:List of French forts in North America
1058:
1046:
1031:
1016:
989:
977:
965:
953:
941:
929:
878:
831:
783:
471:. French military officers from the
7:
1287:French colonization of the Americas
565:, where they would rendezvous with
479:south to the northern frontiers of
14:
1990:
1989:
1915:Military history of the Acadians
1663:Seigneurial system of New France
1124:. New York: C. Scribner's Sons.
500:Jean-Baptiste Hertel de Rouville
410:Jean-Baptiste Hertel de Rouville
172:Jean-Baptiste Hertel de Rouville
116:
105:
53:Jean-Baptiste Hertel de Rouville
46:
2112:Battles involving Great Britain
2067:Military history of New England
2062:Military history of Nova Scotia
1339:History of the French-Americans
715:naval expedition against Quebec
1668:Criminal justice in New France
1297:Timeline of New France history
1121:The Border Wars of New England
1082:See e.g. Drake, chapters 26–28
529:in 1708. In the aftermath of
451:was called in the colonies of
408:warriors under the command of
1:
2082:1708 in the Thirteen Colonies
1658:Custom of Paris in New France
521:The Massachusetts village of
512:Province of Massachusetts Bay
506:against the frontier town of
449:War of the Spanish Succession
418:Province of Massachusetts Bay
81:Province of Massachusetts Bay
2127:Captives of Native Americans
1225:The Colonial Wars, 1689–1762
527:Philippe de Rigaud Vaudreuil
1198:Kingsford, William (1889).
603:René Boucher de La Perrière
2163:
2072:Military history of Canada
2057:Military history of Acadia
1605:Governor of Trois-Rivières
894:Haefeli & Sweeney 2003
855:Haefeli & Sweeney 2003
820:Haefeli & Sweeney 2003
808:Haefeli & Sweeney 2003
769:Haefeli & Sweeney 2003
745:Haefeli & Sweeney 2003
543:the Comte de Pontchartrain
18:
1985:
1957:Expulsion of the Acadians
1748:Company of 100 Associates
1561:Fort St. Louis (Illinois)
1175:. Boston: Branden Books.
1118:Drake, Samuel A (1910) .
668:command of Major Turner.
261:
195:
182:
144:
99:
59:
45:
37:
2117:Battles involving France
2107:Battles in Massachusetts
2087:Haverhill, Massachusetts
1952:French and Iroquois Wars
1221:Peckham, Howard (1964).
1167:Kayword, Alfred (1998).
1095:Chase, George W (1861).
531:the failed English siege
433:Deerfield, Massachusetts
21:Raid on Haverhill (1697)
19:Not to be confused with
16:Part of Queen Anne's War
1962:Great Peace of Montreal
1763:Compagnie de l'Occident
1334:History of the Acadians
632:Expedition difficulties
613:were to come from near
265:Quebec and Newfoundland
1910:Military of New France
1836:Gens de couleur libres
1566:Fort St. Louis (Texas)
1551:Fortress of Louisbourg
1375:(1682–1763, 1801–1803)
1292:French colonial empire
642:
297:Acadia and New England
150:Simon Wainwright
145:Commanders and leaders
2025:42.77611°N 71.07778°W
639:
601:under the command of
597:tribes was to depart
516:a raid against Acadia
196:Casualties and losses
1610:Governor of Montreal
1516:Fort Michilimackinac
1324:1763 Treaty of Paris
647:Saint-François River
624:, and from there to
579:troupes de la marine
559:Saint Lawrence River
548:Province of New York
477:Saint Lawrence River
473:troupes de la marine
459:and the colonies of
349:Carolina and Florida
2030:42.77611; -71.07778
2020: /
1758:Mississippi Company
956:, pp. 245–246.
810:, pp. 196–197.
343:2nd Northeast Coast
303:1st Northeast Coast
2147:1708 in New France
1930:King William's War
1925:Intercolonial Wars
1134:drake border wars.
643:
563:Lake Winnipesaukee
246:Spanish Succession
55:, French commander
2077:Conflicts in 1708
2036:Raid on Haverhill
2003:
2002:
1940:King George's War
1920:Acadian Civil War
1867:Missionary groups
1858:Intellectual life
1595:Sovereign Council
1329:History of Quebec
1182:978-0-8283-2032-0
1151:978-1-55849-503-6
1073:, pp. 95–96.
759:, pp. 78–81.
735:, pp. 73–76.
605:, and additional
561:would descend to
390:Raid on Haverhill
383:
382:
210:
209:
161:Samuel Ayer
95:
94:
33:Raid on Haverhill
2154:
2142:Queen Anne's War
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2013:
1993:
1992:
1972:Schenectady Raid
1945:Seven Years' War
1935:Queen Anne's War
1801:King's Daughters
1753:Crozat's Company
1736:Coureur des bois
1678:Superior Council
1600:Bishop of Quebec
1585:Governor General
1526:Fort de Chartres
1385:Illinois Country
1266:
1259:
1252:
1243:
1238:
1228:
1217:
1194:
1174:
1163:
1136:
1114:
1083:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1035:
1029:
1020:
1014:
1005:
999:
993:
987:
981:
975:
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957:
951:
945:
939:
933:
927:
921:
915:
909:
903:
897:
891:
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870:
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858:
852:
835:
829:
823:
817:
811:
805:
799:
793:
787:
781:
772:
766:
760:
754:
748:
742:
736:
730:
622:Albany, New York
585:. A band of 220
555:Piscataqua River
518:in retaliation.
445:Queen Anne's War
425:Piscataqua River
394:Queen Anne's War
256:
255:
253:
252:Queen Anne's War
236:
229:
222:
213:
167:
156:
137:
130:
122:
120:
119:
109:
61:
60:
50:
40:Queen Anne's War
30:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2047:
2046:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1981:
1898:
1874:Jesuit missions
1862:
1811:Casquette girls
1767:
1714:
1683:Admiralty court
1646:
1570:
1494:
1411:
1404:
1343:
1302:Beginnings–1533
1275:
1270:
1220:
1197:
1183:
1166:
1152:
1139:
1117:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1038:
1030:
1023:
1015:
1008:
1000:
996:
988:
984:
976:
972:
964:
960:
952:
948:
940:
936:
928:
924:
916:
912:
904:
900:
892:
885:
877:
873:
865:
861:
853:
838:
830:
826:
818:
814:
806:
802:
794:
790:
782:
775:
767:
763:
755:
751:
743:
739:
731:
727:
723:
691:
674:
658:Nine Years' War
634:
453:British America
441:
386:
385:
384:
379:
257:
251:
249:
248:
245:
242:
240:
205:
174:
163:
160:
158:
152:
135:
134:
128:
127:
117:
115:
83:
51:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2160:
2158:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2137:Military raids
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2049:
2048:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1977:Deerfield Raid
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1728:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1438:Trois-Rivières
1435:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1416:
1414:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1400:Domaine du roy
1397:
1395:Pays d'en Haut
1392:
1387:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1294:
1289:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1218:
1195:
1181:
1164:
1150:
1137:
1115:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1075:
1071:Kingsford 1889
1063:
1061:, p. 225.
1051:
1049:, p. 227.
1036:
1034:, p. 248.
1021:
1019:, p. 224.
1006:
1002:Kingsford 1889
994:
992:, p. 227.
982:
980:, p. 247.
970:
968:, p. 246.
958:
946:
944:, p. 244.
934:
932:, p. 243.
922:
920:, p. 214.
910:
906:Kingsford 1889
898:
896:, p. 199.
883:
881:, p. 217.
871:
867:Kingsford 1889
859:
857:, p. 198.
836:
834:, p. 240.
824:
822:, p. 197.
812:
800:
796:Kingsford 1889
788:
786:, p. 193.
773:
771:, p. 190.
761:
757:Kingsford 1889
749:
747:, p. 206.
737:
733:Kingsford 1889
724:
722:
719:
690:
687:
673:
670:
651:Lake Champlain
633:
630:
575:Trois-Rivières
440:
437:
381:
380:
378:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
351:
350:
346:
345:
340:
335:
333:2nd Port Royal
330:
325:
323:1st Port Royal
320:
315:
310:
305:
299:
298:
294:
293:
288:
283:
281:2nd St. John's
278:
276:1st St. John's
273:
267:
266:
262:
259:
258:
241:
239:
238:
231:
224:
216:
208:
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185:
184:
180:
179:
169:
147:
146:
142:
141:
113:
102:
101:
97:
96:
93:
92:
91:French victory
89:
85:
84:
75:
73:
69:
68:
67:29 August 1708
65:
57:
56:
43:
42:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2159:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2045:
2042:
1996:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1726:Chemin du Roy
1724:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
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1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1641:
1638:
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1635:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1546:Fort Duquesne
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1536:Fort Carillon
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1521:Fort de Buade
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1446:
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1430:
1428:
1424:
1421:
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1413:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1004:, p. 95.
1003:
998:
995:
991:
986:
983:
979:
974:
971:
967:
962:
959:
955:
950:
947:
943:
938:
935:
931:
926:
923:
919:
914:
911:
908:, p. 94.
907:
902:
899:
895:
890:
888:
884:
880:
875:
872:
869:, p. 93.
868:
863:
860:
856:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
837:
833:
828:
825:
821:
816:
813:
809:
804:
801:
798:, p. 92.
797:
792:
789:
785:
780:
778:
774:
770:
765:
762:
758:
753:
750:
746:
741:
738:
734:
729:
726:
720:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
699:
695:
688:
686:
684:
678:
671:
669:
665:
663:
659:
654:
652:
648:
638:
631:
629:
627:
623:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
551:
549:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
496:
494:
490:
489:New Hampshire
487:and southern
486:
485:Massachusetts
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
438:
436:
434:
430:
426:
421:
419:
415:
412:descended on
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
360:St. Augustine
358:
356:
353:
352:
348:
347:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
300:
296:
295:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
268:
264:
263:
260:
254:
247:
237:
232:
230:
225:
223:
218:
217:
214:
203:
200:
199:
194:
190:
187:
186:
181:
178:
173:
170:
168:
166:
157:
155:
149:
148:
143:
140:
133:
125:
114:
112:
108:
104:
103:
98:
90:
87:
86:
82:
78:
74:
71:
70:
66:
63:
62:
58:
54:
49:
44:
41:
36:
31:
26:
22:
2005:
1967:Lachine Raid
1704:Maréchaussée
1702:
1626:Terre-Neuve
1531:Fort Detroit
1511:Fort Rouillé
1484:Terre-Neuve
1390:Ohio Country
1224:
1200:
1170:
1141:
1133:
1120:
1097:
1078:
1066:
1054:
997:
985:
973:
961:
949:
937:
925:
918:Kayword 1998
913:
901:
874:
862:
827:
815:
803:
791:
764:
752:
740:
728:
711:fell in 1710
700:
696:
692:
679:
675:
666:
655:
644:
619:
552:
520:
497:
463:, including
442:
429:that in 1704
422:
389:
387:
370:Charles Town
338:Bloody Creek
327:
271:Newfoundland
164:
159:Major Turner
153:
100:Belligerents
25:
2028: /
1821:Amerindians
1784:1666 census
1693:Officiality
1688:Provostship
1575:Governments
1556:Castle Hill
1478:New Orleans
1454:ĂŽle Royale
1433:Quebec City
1381:(1713–1763)
1369:(1662–1713)
1367:Terre-Neuve
1363:(1608–1763)
1357:(1604–1713)
591:Kanehsatake
481:New England
457:New England
355:Flint River
286:Fort Albany
188:70+ militia
111:New England
2122:New France
2051:Categories
2034: (
2015:71°04′40″W
2012:42°46′34″N
1894:Sulpicians
1851:card money
1779:Population
1673:Intendancy
1636:Louisiane
1541:Fort Condé
1464:Louisiane
1458:Louisbourg
1423:Port Royal
1379:ĂŽle Royale
1273:New France
1089:References
1059:Chase 1861
1047:Chase 1861
1032:Drake 1910
1017:Chase 1861
990:Drake 1910
978:Drake 1910
966:Drake 1910
954:Drake 1910
942:Drake 1910
930:Drake 1910
879:Chase 1861
832:Drake 1910
784:Drake 1910
535:Port Royal
461:New France
439:Background
244:War of the
206:18 wounded
139:Montagnais
1889:Ursulines
1884:Grey Nuns
1879:RĂ©collets
1796:Canadiens
1791:Habitants
1741:Voyageurs
1731:Fur trade
1710:Code Noir
1590:Intendant
1488:Plaisance
1410:Towns and
1373:Louisiana
1317:1663–1759
1312:1608–1662
1307:1534–1607
1160:493973598
689:Aftermath
662:Escumbuit
595:Kahnawake
589:from the
583:Nipissing
571:Pennacook
523:Haverhill
508:Deerfield
504:on a raid
414:Haverhill
402:Algonquin
375:Pensacola
365:Apalachee
328:Haverhill
318:Grand Pré
313:Deerfield
177:Escumbuit
132:Algonquin
126:colonists
77:Haverhill
1995:Category
1846:Currency
1806:Acadians
1640:Governor
1630:Governor
1620:Governor
1443:Montreal
1412:villages
1348:Colonies
1191:38042997
611:Abenakis
599:Montreal
587:Iroquois
447:(as the
308:Falmouth
204:9 killed
183:Strength
72:Location
38:Part of
1841:Alcohol
1831:Plaçage
1826:Slavery
1772:Society
1719:Economy
1698:Bailiff
1616:Acadie
1581:Canada
1448:DĂ©troit
1429:Canada
1419:Acadie
1280:History
1235:1175484
1214:3676642
1130:2358736
1111:4879490
567:Abenaki
510:in the
406:Abenaki
165:†
154:†
1473:Biloxi
1468:Mobile
1361:Canada
1355:Acadia
1233:
1212:
1189:
1179:
1158:
1148:
1128:
1109:
626:Boston
615:Quebec
539:Acadia
469:Canada
465:Acadia
404:, and
398:French
291:Quebec
175:Chief
136:
129:
124:French
121:
88:Result
1816:MĂ©tis
1499:Forts
721:Notes
707:Maine
703:Wells
683:Salem
641:blue.
607:Huron
493:Maine
443:When
1903:Wars
1651:Laws
1231:OCLC
1210:OCLC
1187:OCLC
1177:ISBN
1156:OCLC
1146:ISBN
1126:OCLC
1107:OCLC
672:Raid
609:and
593:and
569:and
491:and
467:and
388:The
64:Date
1103:223
533:of
431:on
396:.
2053::
1208:.
1206:95
1185:.
1154:.
1132:.
1105:.
1039:^
1024:^
1009:^
886:^
839:^
776:^
617:.
537:,
495:.
400:,
79:,
2038:)
1265:e
1258:t
1251:v
1237:.
1216:.
1193:.
1162:.
1113:.
235:e
228:t
221:v
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
