317:, a noteworthy example of the latter being the dirge on the death of his teacher Cantarini, a lofty poem of twenty-four verses written in classical Hebrew. Before age 20, he had begun his composition of 150 hymns modeled on the biblical Psalter. In these psalms, composed in conformity with the laws of parallelism, he freed himself from all foreign influences, imitating the style of the Bible so faithfully that his poems seem entirely a renaissance of biblical words and thoughts. They provoked the criticism of the rabbis, however, and were one of the causes of the persecutions to which Luzzatto was later subjected. R. Jacob Poppers of Frankfurt-on-the-Main thought it unpardonable presumption to attempt to equal the "anointed of the God of Jacob". Only two psalms are known of which it can with certainty be said that they belonged to Luzzatto's psalter; in addition seven hymns by him which were sung at the inauguration of the enlarged Spanish synagogue at Padua appeared in the work "แธคanukkat ha-Maron" (Venice, 1729); but it is not certain whether they were taken from the psalter.
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language, original and thoughtful in substance. This first large work was followed by the "Leshon
Limmudim," a discussion of Hebrew style with a new theory of Hebrew versification, in which the author showed his thorough knowledge of classical rhetoric. It is in a certain sense a scientific demonstration of the neoclassic Italian style, in contrast with the medieval. There is a vast difference between Luzzatto's style, which recalls the simplicity, smoothness, and vigor of the Bible, and the insipid, exaggerated, and affected work of his contemporaries. The book, dedicated to his teacher Bassani, was printed at Mantua 1727, with a text which deviates from the manuscript formerly in the possession of M. S. Ghirondi.
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339:). While stories of such encounters with celestial entities were not unknown in kabbalistic circles, it was unheard of for someone of such a young age. His peers were enthralled by his written accounts of these "Divine lessons", but the leading Italian rabbinical authorities were highly suspicious and threatened to excommunicate him. Just decades earlier another young mystic,
559:. It is noteworthy that many rabbis have made some comparison between the Ramchal and Rabbi Akiva, both during an after his life. Some have gone as far as to claim that the Ramchal was a reincarnation of Rabbi Akiva. The Tiberias site has many more amenities than the Kafr Yassif grave, with an attached synagogue and tourist shops, making it far more popular.
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justice over iniquity. It is masterly in versification and melodious in language, the lyrical passages being especially lofty; and it has a wealth of pleasing imagery reminiscent of
Guarini's "Pastor Fido." The drama was edited by M. Letteris, and published with notes by S. D. Luzzatto and prolegomena by Franz Delitzsch, Leipsic, 1837.
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371:, who considered his writings heretical and ordered the burning of all his writings. Other rumors were spread that Luzzato has authored a new book of Psalms that was meant to supplant the Davidic Psalms in the messianic age, a claim which Luzzato and his mentor Yeshayahu Basan have vigorously denied.
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In the same year or somewhat later, Luzzatto wrote his allegorical festival drama "Migdal 'Oz" (or "Tummat
Yesharim"), on the occasion of the marriage of his friend Israel Benjamin Bassani. This four-act play, which shows Latin and Italian as well as biblical influence, illustrates the victory of
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As a youth
Luzzatto essayed also dramatic poetry, writing at the age of 17 his first biblical drama, "Shimshon u-Felistim", (of which only fragments have been preserved, in another work of his). This youthful production foreshadows the coming master; it is perfect in versification, simple in
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These writings, only some of which have survived, are often misunderstood to describe a belief that
Luzzatto and his followers were key figures in a messianic drama that was about to take place. In this contentious interpretation, he identified one of his followers as the Messiah, son of
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or Da'ath
Tevunoth ("The Knowing Heart" or "Knowing the Reasons"), a work that explains the duality of positive and negative that exists on all levels of reality, that this is the basis of God's "showing his face/hiding his face" to and from humanity, and the dual existence of good and
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and Basan threatening to undermine the latter's authority if he did not hand over the box with
Luzzato's writings to the rabbis of Venice. In one letter, Moshe Hagiz, Luzzato's staunchest opponent, calls Luzzato a wretched renegade who betrayed his religion, and lost his portion in the
458:(1740), essentially an ethical treatise but with certain mystical underpinnings. The book presents a step-by-step process by which every person can overcome the inclination to sin and might eventually experience a divine inspiration similar to prophecy. Another prominent work,
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Journal of synagogue music: 5 - 3 Cantors
Assembly of America - 1974 "In the texts of poems composed for this occasion by the Amsterdam rabbis Isaac Aboab da Fonseca later set to music by Abraham Caceres, also appears in this important musical manuscript, on fol.
694:, greatly admired Luzatto's secular writings and deemed him the founder of modern Hebrew literature. His cousin, the poet Ephraim Luzzatto (1729โ1792), also exerted genuine influence on the first stirrings of modern Hebrew poetry.
355:. The global Jewish community was still reeling from that, and the similarities between Luzzatto's writings and Zevi's were perceived as being particularly dangerous and heretical. In some of his revelations Luzzato even described
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Luzzatto also wrote poetry and drama. Although most of it is seemingly secular, some scholars claim to have identified mystical undertones in this body of work as well. His writing is strongly influenced by the Jewish poets of
434:, calling and urging for the burning of all his writings. Basan was forced to hand over Luzzato's writings to Poppers which he subsequently buried deep in the ground and burnt some of the writings he deemed heretical.
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or Kala'h Pitkhe 'Hokhma ("138 Openings to Wisdom") one of
Ramchal's most important works in that it lays out his thinking about the symbolic nature of the Ari's writings and Ramchal's own explanations of those
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or Sepher Derekh 'Hokhma ("The Way of Wisdom"), which serves as a dialogue between a young person and a sage with the latter setting out a lifetime course of Torah study culminating in the study of
Kabbalah
623:, Luzzato's treatise on Jewish theology, eventually came to be considered as an authoritative guide of Jewish theology. The work is a compilation of authoritative opinions found in Talmudic sources.
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or Maamar Ha'ikarim ("A Discourse on the Fundamentals") a short and succinct laying-out of the fundamentals of the Jewish religion like "The Way of God" that touches upon certain other themes
410:, he appealed to the local rabbinical authorities to protect him from the threats of the Italian rabbis. They refused and forced him to sign a document stating that all the teachings of the
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Alfred Sendrey, The music of the Jews in the Diaspora (up to 1800) 1971 "... Moses Hayyim Luzzatto, who lived in Amsterdam from 1736 to 1743, wrote the poems and Abraham Caceres the music."
495:, that were Luzzatto still alive, he would have walked from Vilna to learn at Luzzatto's feet. He stated that having read the work, the first ten chapters contained not a superfluous word.
916:("The Way of God") one of his best known works: a succinct laying-out of the fundamentals of the Jewish faith touching upon mankind's obligations in this world and its relations to God
583:, in 1758, who built a mosque on top of it. In its place, the Jews of Akko received a small building north of the mosque which still functions as a synagogue and bears Luzzato's name.
474:("The Knowing Heart") also found its existence in Amsterdam as the missing link between rationality and Kabbalah, a dialogue between the intellect and the soul. On the other hand,
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or Klale Pit'he 'Hokhma Veda'at ("Letters as an Opening to Wisdom and Knowledge") spells out and explains certain erudite principles of the Jewish faith according to the Kabbalah
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289:. With his vast knowledge in religious lore, the arts, and science, he quickly became the dominant figure in that group. His writings demonstrate mastery of the
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or Mesilat Yesharim ("The Path of the Just"), his most famous work that enables its readers to grow in piety step by step, was written when he was 33 (in 1740)
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studies relatively unhindered. Earning a living as a diamond cutter, he continued writing but refused to teach. It was in this period that he wrote his
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sympathized with his pupil and even sent him back some of his writings to publish. This caused a major uproar and many heated letters passed between
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Luzzatto, Moshe Hayyim (1997), The Way of God (Hebrew: Derech Hashem) (Sixth, corrected edition, 1998), Jerusalem, Feldheim Publishers, p 15,
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The turning point in Luzzatto's life came at the age of twenty, when he claimed to have received direct instruction from an angel (known as a
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and many arguments, Luzzatto finally came to an understanding with the leading Italian rabbis, including his decision not to write the
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or Mishkane 'Elyon ("Exalted Towers") a Kabbalistic understanding of the Holy Temple with a depiction of the third Temple's dimensions
464:(The Way of God) is a concise work on the core theology of Judaism. The same concepts are discussed in brief in a smaller book called
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891:("Principal Elements") a series of short and pithy presentations of the main principles of the Kabbalistic system said outright
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or Maamar Ha'hokhma ("A Discourse on Wisdom") focuses on Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, and Passover from a Kabbalistic perspective
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480:("The Way of Understanding") introduces the logic which structures Talmudic debates as a means to understanding the world.
406:, believing that in the more liberal environment there, he would be able to pursue his mystical interests. Passing through
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872:("A Discourse The Argument") pits a Kabbalist against a rationalist as each tries to defend his way of thinking
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lessons or teach mysticism and hand over all his writings to his mentor Yeshayahu Basan. In 1735, Luzzatto left
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The site of his tomb is unknown. A third-hand account claims his burial place to be near the Talmudic sage
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sage of the modern era as well as a great kabbalist himself. He was reputed to have said after reading the
468:(the English translation of this book is now available on the Web with the title "Essay on Fundamentals").
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or Kinat H' Tsevaot ("Ardent for The L-rd of Hosts") offers details about the redemption and the Messiah.
922:("A Discourse on Aggadah") which is an explanation that Aggadic literature is not literal but metaphoric
379:, and assumed for himself the role of Moses, claiming that he was that biblical figure's reincarnation.
31:
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or Klalut Hailan ("The Principal Elements of The Tree ") a synopsis of the ARI's basic work of Kabbalah
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At an early age, he began a thorough study of the Hebrew language and of poetic composition. He wrote
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introducing themselves to him and calling him "my mentor", this infuriated many rabbis, especially
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1089: One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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866:("Abbreviated Intentions") allows the reader an overview of the ARI's recorded prayer-intentions
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One major rabbinic contemporary who praised Luzzatto's writing was Rabbi Eliyahu of Vilna, the
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education, showing a predilection for literature at a very early age. He may have attended the
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and certainly associated with a group of students there, known to dabble in mysticism and
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952:("The Argument between the Sage and the Pious Man") which is actually a first draft of
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But the controversy wasn't entirely over yet. Rumors were spread that Luzzato's mentor
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277:. The son of Jacob Vita and Diamente Luzzatto, he received classical Jewish and
904:("A Commentary on Midrash Rabbah") that is not Kabbalistic so much as symbolic
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rabbis of his claim, the episode ended with him recanting and converting to
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670:, which expose the 70 fundamental understandings of the first verse of the
860:("515 Prayers") focuses on prayers for the revelation of God's sovereignty
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988:("The Book of Style") offers the art of accurate writing and expression
982:("A Discourse on Homilies") encourages the study of Kabbalah and Mussar
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555:, northern Israel. Other scholars claim to have identified his tomb in
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17:
1157:, "Deepening one's relationship with God" lecture series, audio format
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854:("The Book of Daniel"), an esoteric commentary to this biblical work
595:, which adopted his ethical works. It was the great Torah ethicist,
976:("The Book of Logic") lays out the correct way to think and analyze
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When Luzzatto finally reached Amsterdam, he was able to pursue his
994:("The Way of Understanding") explains the Talmudic way of thinking
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826:("The Wars of God") which defends Kabbalah against its detractors
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MP3s of a class that is reading Derech HaShem ("The Way of God")
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110:
744:("Seventy Tikkunim") which parallels the seventy Tikkunei Zohar
347:. Although, at one point, Zevi had convinced many European and
343:(1626โ1676), had rocked the Jewish world by claiming to be the
702:
Following are a selection of other books written by RaMChaL:
652:(the five books of Moses). Supposedly taught word-by-word in
510:, worked with Luzzatto to set several of his poems to music.
487:(1720โ1797), who was considered to be the most authoritative
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expose 70 different essential uses of the last verse of the
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A century after his death, Luzzatto was rediscovered by the
792:("A Discourse on The Redemption" or "The Great Redemption")
662:("Rectifications of the Zohar"), ascribed by some to Rabbi
297:, the rabbinical commentaries and codes of Jewish law and
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534:. Three years later, he and his family died in a plague.
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885:("A Dictionary of The Principal Elements to The Tree ")
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The Kabbalah of the Ari za"l according to the Ram`hal
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The cantor of the Sephardic synagogue in Amsterdam,
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1310:MESILAT YESHARIM (Path of the Just) by the Ramchal
842:("The Great Threshing Room") section of the Zohar
225:; 1707 โ 16 May 1746), also known by the Hebrew
1000:("Praise be to the Upright") is a dramatic work
1205:. Old Acre Development Company. Archived from
638:re-appeared in 1958 against all odds, in the
265:Moshe Chaim Luzzatto was born in 1707 in the
8:
1394:18th-century rabbis from the Ottoman Empire
1315:The purpose of life - based on the RAMCHAL
1305:Excerpt of Derech Etz Chaim by the Ramchal
1285:Current classes on RAMCHAL on the Internet
656:by Luzzatto's "Maggid," they parallel the
57:
38:
738:("The Zohar to the Book of Ecclesiastes")
1258:The official Ramchal site texts - Videos
838:(" Mighty on High") a commentary on the
1042:
27:Italian rabbi and kabbalist (1707โ1746)
774:("A Discourse on the 42 letter Name ")
518:Frustrated by his inability to teach
503:and by contemporary Italian authors.
7:
642:. "Arrangements" of thoughts, these
630:, though some did survive. From the
750:("A Second Zohar") no longer exists
210:
1295:Beit Ramhal, continuing his legacy
25:
1098:; et al., eds. (1901โ1906).
609:(ethics) curriculum of the major
1108:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
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240:), was an Italian Jewish
950:Vichuach HaChocham V'HaChassid
846:Iggrot Pitchei Chochma v'Da'at
768:("A Discourse on The Chariot")
1:
1127:Igros Ramchal, No. 34 and 145
956:that only resurfaced recently
63:Wall painting in Acre, Israel
1290:His legacy and Derech Hashem
1011:History of the Jews in Italy
780:("A Discourse on Judgment")
599:(1810โ1883), who placed the
1384:Writers of Musar literature
1379:Rabbis in Ottoman Palestine
1354:18th-century Italian rabbis
1231:. Torah.org. Archived from
690:, the Jewish expression of
1410:
1325:Video of Lecture on Ramhal
1118:Igros Ramchal, No. 136-145
1051:"Biography of the Ramchal"
626:Most of his writings were
29:
902:Peirush al Midrash Rabbah
715:("A Tongue for Teaching")
237:
164:
148:
56:
45:
883:Areichat Klallot HaEilan
575:was razed by the city's
30:Not to be confused with
1374:Philosophers of Judaism
1359:18th-century Dutch Jews
1105:The Jewish Encyclopedia
970:("The Book of Grammar")
830:Kinnaot HaShem Tzivakot
732:("A Tower of Strength")
709:("The Story of Samson")
678:Secular literary legacy
1155:Rietti, Rabbi Jonathan
1145:Igros Ramchal, No. 161
1136:Igros Ramchal, No. 147
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814:("The Well of Israel")
762:("A Discourse on God")
725:
640:main library of Oxford
199:
1280:Biography of Luzzatto
1100:"LUZZATTO (LUZZATTI)"
940:
876:Klach Pitchei Chochma
820:("The Well of Jacob")
720:
530:in 1743, settling in
305:Poetry and literature
180:, or more likely the
173:
32:Samuel David Luzzatto
1021:List of Italian Jews
920:Ma'amar al HaAggadot
772:Ma'amar Shem Mem-Bet
603:at the heart of the
383:Departure from Italy
203:Moshe Chaim Luzzatto
51:Moshe Chaim Luzzatto
1263:12 May 2008 at the
1061:on 26 December 2018
980:Ma'amar al HaDrasha
941:An 1836 edition of
721:An 1833 edition of
567:Luzzato's original
283:University of Padua
198:(holy city), Israel
138:Jacob Vita (father)
86:Moshe Chaim Luzzato
998:LaYesharim Tehilla
946:
870:Ma'amar HaVechuach
726:
674:(Books of Moses).
587:Religious writings
275:Republic of Venice
200:
97:Republic of Venice
1369:Rabbis from Padua
1172:978-0-87306-344-9
961:Messilat Yesharim
954:Messilat Yesharim
926:Ma'amar HaIkkurim
798:("A Discourse on
784:Ma'amar HaChochma
766:Ma'amar HaMerkava
692:the Enlightenment
664:Simeon bar Yochai
636:Tikkunim Hadashim
634:writings, the 70
601:Messilat Yesharim
563:Synagogue in Acre
493:Mesillat Yesharim
455:Mesillat Yesharim
387:After threats of
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141:Diamente (mother)
16:(Redirected from
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1389:Jewish ethicists
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1209:on 29 March 2008
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1026:Musar literature
824:Milchamot HaShem
796:Ma'amar HaNevuah
790:Ma'amar HaGeulah
707:Ma'aseh Shimshon
522:, Luzzatto left
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1265:Wayback Machine
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864:Kitzur Kavvanot
806:Mishkanei Elyon
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419:Yeshayahu Basan
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1275:About Luzzatto
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1252:External links
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1235:on 10 May 2013
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1203:"Prayer Sites"
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1237:. Retrieved
1233:the original
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160:26 Iyar 5506
153:
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1349:1746 deaths
1344:1707 births
1192:15b-16a..."
812:Ain Yisrael
549:Rabbi Akiva
543:Burial site
449:magnum opus
423:Moshe Hagiz
369:Moshe Hagiz
329:Controversy
311:epithalamia
250:philosopher
215:Moses Chaim
195:ir hakodesh
178:(gravemark)
107:16 May 1746
1338:Categories
1037:References
818:Ain Yaakov
557:Kafr Yasif
485:Vilna Gaon
261:Early life
1229:"Ramchal"
730:Migdal Oz
569:synagogue
528:Holy Land
524:Amsterdam
438:Amsterdam
404:Amsterdam
256:Biography
246:kabbalist
155:Yahrtzeit
1261:Archived
1239:30 March
1005:See also
800:Prophecy
688:Haskalah
644:Tikkunim
611:yeshivas
553:Tiberias
526:for the
520:Kabbalah
444:Kabbalah
299:Kabbalah
190:Tiberias
182:cenotaph
122:Religion
77:Personal
1327:by Dr.
1093::
889:Klallim
879:symbols
654:Aramaic
632:Zoharic
579:ruler,
577:Bedouin
408:Germany
361:Abraham
345:Messiah
315:elegies
287:alchemy
279:Italian
230:RaMCHaL
227:acronym
223:Luzzato
213:; also
184:of the
132:Parents
126:Judaism
48:
18:Ramchal
1170:
1065:1 June
684:Hebrew
672:Humash
668:Rashbi
666:, the
649:Humash
628:burned
538:Legacy
412:maggid
396:'s
393:maggid
365:Elijah
336:maggid
295:Talmud
293:, the
291:Tanakh
248:, and
234:RaMHaL
207:Hebrew
186:Ramhal
176:Tziyun
43:RaMHaL
1213:5 May
606:Musar
501:Spain
489:Torah
400:Italy
377:David
357:Moses
353:Islam
271:Padua
242:rabbi
238:ืจืื"ื
93:Padua
72:Rabbi
69:Title
46:ืจืื"ื
1241:2013
1215:2008
1168:ISBN
1067:2017
898:evil
682:The
573:Akko
532:Acre
452:the
425:and
402:for
363:and
313:and
232:(or
111:Acre
104:Died
89:1707
82:Born
912:or
613:of
571:in
551:in
269:of
221:or
188:in
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