448:
395:
585:. Contrary to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, this Act placed the burden of proof of title on landholders. Grantees were required to prove the validity of the grants they had received and establish their exact boundaries. The diseños (maps) available were often hand-drawn and imprecise. Land had until the gold rush been of little value and boundary locations were often quite vague, referring to an oak tree, a cow skull on a pile of rocks, a creek, and in some cases a mountain range. The 588 grants made by Spanish and Mexican authorities in California between 1769 and 1846 encompassed more than 8,850,000 acres (3,580,000 ha), or nearly 14,000 square miles (36,000 km).
677:
530:
218:
549:
338:
112:
742:. Coates purchased an additional 8,700 acres (3,500 ha) of surrounding land between the 1970s and his death in 2004. Coates and his wife Nancy both expressed their wishes that the Rancho remain undeveloped. After her death in 2006, ownership of the land passed to their daughter, Theodate Coates, an artist from New York City. Despite her parents' wishes that development be kept off of the Rancho, she has taken steps to remove Rancho Guejito's status as an agricultural preserve and eventually develop the land into
705:
723:, the first land grant by the Spanish in today's San Diego County, is now a suburb within the city of San Diego. Modern communities often follow the original boundaries of the rancho, based on geographic features and abstract straight lines. Today, most of the original rancho land grants have been dismantled and sold off to become suburbs and rural-burbs. A very small number of ranchos are still owned by descendants of the original owners, retain their original size, or remain undeveloped.
593:
94:
412:. The former Mission Indians, freed from forced labor on the missions, but without land of their own, and their former way of life destroyed, often had few choices. Some lived with Indian tribes in the interior or sought work on the new ranchos along with the troops formerly assigned to each mission. They sometimes congregated at rancherĂas (living areas near a hacienda) where an indigenous Spanish and mestizo culture developed.
294:
589:
fulfilled the requirements of the
Mexican colonization laws. Mexican officials often did not keep adequate records and sometimes did not provide grantees with any documentation of the grant. Many grants required additional approvals before they were legal. Conditions of the grant required the grantee to live on the land. All of these requirements were rarely fulfilled.
40:
447:
166:, or 35 square kilometres (14 sq mi) in size. Unlike Spanish Concessions, Mexican land grants provided permanent, unencumbered ownership rights. Most ranchos granted by Mexico were located along the California coast around San Francisco Bay, inland along the Sacramento River, and within the San Joaquin Valley.
516:
While the end of the 1840s saw the close of
Mexican control over Alta California, this period also marked the beginning of the rancheros' greatest prosperity. Cattle had been raised primarily for their hides and tallow, as there was no market for large quantities of beef, especially in the days prior
381:
But this purpose was never accomplished. In truth, only a very few
Indians of Alta California were educationally or culturally equipped to accept the offering. Instead, they were further exploited by the rancheros and in many cases became virtual slaves. Most mission property was bought by government
572:
The new state's leaders soon discovered that the
Mexican government had given a number of grants just before the Americans gained control. The Mexican governors had rewarded faithful supporters, and hoped to prevent the new immigrants from gaining control of the land. Sponsored by California Senator
377:
in grants of 33 acres (13 ha) of arable land along with land "in common" sufficient "to pasture their stock." A board of magistrates was to oversee the mission's crops and herds, while the land was to be divided into communal pasture, a town plot, and individual plots intended for each Indian
687:
The rancheros became land-rich and cash-poor, and the burden of attempting to defend their claims was often financially overwhelming. Grantees lost their lands as a result of mortgage default, payment of attorney fees, or payment of other personal debts. Land was also lost as a result of fraud. A
415:
By 1846, the mission lands and its cattle had passed into the hands of 800 private landowners called rancheros. They collectively owned 8,000,000 acres (3,200,000 ha) of land, in units ranging in size from 4,500 acres (1,800 ha) to 50,000 acres (20,000 ha). They primarily produced
695:
A shift in the economic dominance of grain farming over cattle raising was marked by the passage of the
California "No-Fence Law" of 1874. This repealed the Trespass Act of 1850, which had required farmers to protect their planted fields from free-ranging cattle. The repeal of the Trespass Act
588:
The settlement of land titles was frequently complicated and lengthy. Even in cases where the boundaries were more specific, many markers had been destroyed before accurate surveys could be made. Aside from indefinite survey lines, the Land
Commission had to determine whether the grantees had
181:
Spain made about 30 concessions between 1784 and 1821. Mexico issued about 270 land grants between 1833 and 1846. The ranchos established permanent land-use patterns. The rancho boundaries became the basis for
California's land survey system, and are found on modern maps and land titles. The
278:
Two years later the governor received authority to grant tracts not exceeding three square leagues, as long as they did not conflict with the boundaries of existing pueblos. The grantee was required to build a stone house and to keep at least 2,000 head of stock on each rancho.
733:
is considered the last of the San Diego
Ranchos to be undeveloped. Only a few historic structures and an 8,000 square feet (740 m) ranch house, built in the 1970s, occupy the 13,300 acres (5,400 ha). Benjamin Coates purchased the land in the 1970s after Governor
321:
from Spain, and
California came under control of the Mexican government. The 1824 Mexican Colony Law established rules for petitioning for land grants in California; and by 1828, the rules for establishing land grants were codified in the Mexican Reglamento (Regulation).
632:
others' claims to portions of the land and acquire clear title by paying $ 1.25 an acre for up to a maximum of 160 acres (0.65 km). Land from titles rejected by the courts became part of the public domain and available to homesteaders after the first federal
430:
The grantee could not initially subdivide or rent the land. It had to be used for grazing or cultivation. A residence had to be built within a year—most were initially simple adobe-walled cabins. Public roads crossing through the property must remain open.
169:
When the government secularized the
Mission churches in 1833, it required that land be set aside from their holdings for each Neophyte (or converted) Indian family who had been living at the missions. But the Native Americans were quickly brushed aside by
434:
The survey and residence requirements could not be enforced. The poorly funded and relatively unorganized government had little interest in land that brought in no taxes. The government instead collected revenue from tariffs assessed on cargo arriving at
620:, 1861–1865) to resolve. It proved expensive for landholders to defend their titles through the court system. In many cases, they had to sell or give title to a portion of their land to pay for defense fees or gave attorneys land in lieu of payment.
1600:
369:
and their valuable lands, about 1,000,000 acres (400,000 ha) per mission. The Mexican government allowed the padres to keep only the church, priest's quarters, and priest's garden. The army troops guarding each Mission were dismissed.
150:
governments from 1775 to 1846. The Spanish Concessions of land were made to retired soldiers as an inducement for them to settle in the frontier. These Concessions reverted to the Spanish crown upon the death of the recipient.
483:
in August, other battles in December, 1846, then retaking of Los Angeles in January, 1847, which terminated the authority and jurisdiction of Mexican officials later that year. Armed resistance ended in California with the
692:, and droughts of 1863–1864 also forced many of the overextended rancheros to sell their properties to Americans. They often quickly subdivided the land and sold it to new settlers, who began farming individual plots.
521:, as thousands of miners and other fortune seekers flooded into northern California. These newcomers needed meat, and cattle prices soared with demand. The rancheros enjoyed the halcyon days of Hispanic California.
356:
Soldiers, rancheros, farmers, and those in power coveted the rich coastal lands that the missions controlled. The Mexican government was also fearful about the missions which remained loyal to the Pope and the
568:
provided that the Mexican land grants would be honored. To investigate and confirm titles in California, American officials acquired the provincial records of the Spanish and Mexican governments in Monterey.
696:
required that ranchers fence stock in, rather than farmers fencing cattle out. The ranchers were faced with either the high expense of fencing large grazing tracts or selling their cattle at ruinous prices.
623:
Rejected Spanish and Mexican land claims resulted in conflicting claims by the grantees, squatters, and settlers seeking the same land. This resulted in pressure on Congress to change the rules. Under the
1609:
248:
Before 1754, only the Spanish Crown could grant lands in Alta California. For several years, the Franciscan missionaries were the only beneficiaries of this policy. Spanish laws allowed four square
423:
The boundaries of the Mexican ranchos were provisional. The new owner was required to complete a legal survey that established and marked the boundaries. Even if completed, the resulting '
652:(partially in San Diego County, California) lost its claim to title to its land in San Diego County but the balance of the rancho was confirmed by the Mexican government in the 1880s.
641:
in 1863, it passed special acts that allowed certain claimants to pre-empt their land without regard to acreage. By 1866 this privilege was extended to all owners of rejected claims.
492:, ending the Mexican War, was signed February 2, 1848 and California became a Territory of the United States. Between 1847 and 1849, California was run by the U.S. military. A
1739:
1074:
Marti, Werner H. (1960) p. 87-107. "Messenger of Destiny, The California Adventures, 1846-1847 of Archibald H. Gillespie, U.S. Marine Corps." Published by John Howell-Books
644:
A number of ranchos remained in whole or in part in the sliver of territory of Alta California left to Mexico by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which then became part of
325:
The Acts sought to break the land monopoly of the missions and also paved the way for luring additional settlers to California by making land grants easier to obtain. The
1269:
719:
The ranchos established land-use patterns that are still recognizable in contemporary California. Many communities still retain their Spanish rancho name. For example,
329:
gained the power to grant state lands, and many of the Spanish concessions were subsequently patented under Mexican law—frequently to local "friends" of the governor.
182:"rancheros" (rancho owners) patterned themselves after the landed gentry of New Spain, and were primarily devoted to raising cattle and sheep. Their workers included
2026:
880:
2966:
2322:
326:
577:, in 1851 Congress passed "An Act to Ascertain and Settle Private Land Claims in the State of California". The Act required all holders of Spanish and Mexican
1222:
2946:
2302:
2041:
1835:
1010:
2941:
2332:
951:
2157:
2337:
2317:
2217:
1408:
493:
2961:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1968:
1963:
1955:
2372:
2342:
2297:
2292:
2565:
2540:
2327:
2307:
2287:
2237:
2167:
2162:
2147:
1717:
1327:
1703:
2785:
2397:
2357:
2257:
2232:
2187:
2182:
2074:
765:
57:
49:
420:, the Native Americans were treated as slaves. The Native Americans who worked on the ranchos died at twice the rate that of southern slaves.
2510:
2402:
2387:
2127:
1660:
1637:
1394:
1374:
849:
1159:
2860:
2730:
2640:
2545:
2530:
2422:
2392:
2382:
2377:
2367:
2362:
2352:
2347:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2242:
2222:
2212:
2172:
2152:
2137:
2132:
1943:
676:
637:
was passed, allowing anyone to claim up to 160 acres (0.65 km). This resulted in additional pressure on Congress, and beginning with
394:
1493:
2750:
2725:
2550:
2247:
2227:
2202:
2177:
2142:
2056:
980:
2890:
2850:
2715:
2675:
2665:
2650:
2495:
2470:
2412:
2407:
2262:
2252:
2207:
2197:
2192:
2109:
2079:
1530:
775:
362:
288:
193:
The ranchos were often based on access to resources necessary for raising cattle, such as water and adequate grazing lands and water.
175:
2840:
2815:
2770:
2765:
2695:
2555:
2460:
2455:
1933:
1896:
1891:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1856:
1757:
1564:
1434:
314:
263:
boundaries began in 1784. Private individuals applied to the Governor for grants and he issued a few written temporary permits. The
916:
1305:
496:
met in Monterey in September 1849, and set up a state government. It operated for 10 months before California was admitted to the
2921:
2830:
2805:
2790:
2755:
2710:
2700:
2660:
2630:
2620:
2615:
2580:
2575:
2560:
2485:
2480:
2084:
2051:
1928:
1864:
1828:
1092:
1036:
197:
from that time forward has often followed the boundaries of the ranchos, and many of their names are still in use. For example,
2880:
2845:
2825:
2800:
2775:
2685:
2680:
2625:
2605:
2585:
2535:
2490:
2440:
1725:
712:
534:
1415:
Hubert Howe Bancroft, Henry Lebbeus Oak, Frances Fuller Victor, William Nemos, History Company, Chicago, 1886, pp. 611-612 n.7
2926:
2895:
2885:
2865:
2780:
2720:
2705:
2670:
2655:
2645:
2610:
2595:
2570:
2525:
2515:
2500:
2475:
2465:
2119:
2036:
2031:
2013:
1280:
760:
366:
256:
243:
187:
252:
of land (one league being approximately 4,428 acres (1,792 ha)) to be granted to newly-formed settlements, or pueblos.
1808:
1791:
2875:
2870:
2835:
2810:
2795:
2760:
2740:
2690:
2635:
2600:
2590:
2520:
2505:
2450:
2066:
1194:
780:
755:
664:
were each granted to citizens of San Diego in the 1820s or 1830s and lay wholly in what is now Baja California as was the
237:
871:
2951:
2855:
2820:
2735:
2089:
1799:
1583:
Spanish & Mexican records of the American Southwest : a bibliographical guide to archive and manuscript sources
616:. The confirmation process required lawyers, translators, and surveyors, and took an average of 17 years (including the
2936:
2916:
2745:
1821:
565:
489:
318:
1298:"Finding Aid to the Documents Pertaining to the Adjudication of Private Land Claims in California, circa 1852-1892"
1214:
1122:
601:
529:
1002:
770:
346:
28:
1906:
943:
464:
337:
2931:
2445:
2312:
1065:
Coronel, Antonio, Edited by Doyce B. Nunis Jr. (1994) p.34-43. "Tales of Mexican California." Bellerophon Books
497:
472:
358:
143:
217:
111:
2021:
704:
665:
657:
302:
105:
548:
378:
family. In addition, one half of the herds were to be divided proportionately among the neophyte families.
2430:
1923:
625:
582:
542:
501:
225:
1766:
1973:
1844:
342:
1338:
720:
668:, whose origin and title is more obscure. Their titles were never subjected to dispute in U.S. courts.
608:
While the Land Commission confirmed 604 of the 813 claims it reviewed, most decisions were appealed to
452:
1676:
2435:
1938:
1700:
456:
436:
402:
374:
116:
97:
1695:
1918:
1884:
689:
649:
1467:
1362:
1175:
1156:
708:
681:
617:
517:
to refrigeration, railroads or ice production. Demand dramatically changed with the onset of the
505:
485:
468:
306:
162:
to both native-born and naturalized Mexican citizens. The grants were usually two or more square
1115:"Monterey County Historical Society, Local History Pages--The California Cattle Boom, 1849-1862"
88:
Land concessions by Spain and land grants by Mexico in the 18th and 19th centuries in California
1485:
2956:
1656:
1633:
1560:
1430:
1390:
1370:
1034:
Seventy-five Years in San Francisco – Missions and their Wealth; Hacendados and Their Property
845:
653:
629:
609:
416:
hides for the world leather market and largely relied on Indian labor. Bound to the rancho by
260:
155:
147:
976:
815:
1901:
1749:
1459:
730:
613:
272:
264:
229:
221:
198:
194:
93:
1690:
1427:
Decline of the Californios: A Social History of the Spanish-Speaking Californias, 1846–1890
1803:
1771:
1761:
1729:
1707:
1412:
1297:
1198:
1163:
1040:
645:
574:
373:
The government stipulated that one half the mission lands and property was to be given to
350:
206:
183:
135:
127:
1781:
1744:
1450:
Ludeke, John (1980). "The No Fence Law of 1874: Victory for San Joaquin Valley Farmers".
1754:
1722:
908:
592:
1685:
1649:
1553:
726:
634:
409:
267:
retained title. In 1784, Juan JosĂ© DomĂnguez received permission from Spanish Governor
120:
101:
1786:
1084:
2910:
1776:
1712:
1033:
743:
661:
638:
557:
317:(1821–1846), grantees received legal title to the land. In 1821, Mexico achieved its
249:
163:
1734:
293:
597:
298:
1514:
David Hornbeck, "Land tenure and rancho expansion in Alta California, 1784–1846",
977:"The Struggle Over Secularization of the Missions on the Alta California Frontier"
427:', a rough, hand-drawn relief map, often only vaguely defined the boundary lines.
386:, individuals of Mexican or Spanish descent who had been born in Alta California.
1405:
1913:
735:
538:
480:
268:
159:
1191:
174:
who, with the help of those in power, acquired the church lands as grants. The
1244:
739:
578:
553:
383:
171:
131:
82:
1796:
518:
202:
424:
1575:
Designs on the land : disenos of California ranchos and their makers
1182:, California Historical Society, Vol. 50, No. 4 (Dec., 1971), pp. 395–430
476:
17:
1813:
1471:
1114:
158:
government encouraged settlement in these areas by issuing much larger
1547:, Historical Society of Southern California, Vol IX, pp. 236–243
186:
who had learned Spanish while living and working at one of the former
1463:
800:
a list of Spanish Concessions 1775–1822 and Mexican Grants 1822–1846.
81:"Mexican land grants" redirects here. For land grants in Texas, see
1602:
Grants of Land in California Made by Spanish Or Mexican Authorities
1203:
Grants of Land in California Made by Spanish or Mexican Authorities
703:
675:
591:
547:
528:
446:
393:
336:
292:
216:
110:
92:
417:
1817:
178:("Indians"), landless, became virtual slaves of the rancheros.
1054:
The Cattle on a Thousand Hills: Southern California, 1850–1880
820:
San Diego History Center | San Diego, CA | Our City, Our Story
33:
27:"Rancheros" redirects here. For other uses of "Ranchero", see
408:
The number of Mexican land grants greatly increased after
61:
1003:"California Missions – Secularization Of The Missions"
798:
Cowan, Robert G. (1977) p. 4. "Ranchos of California"
271:
to graze his cattle on the 48,000-acre (190 km)
581:
to present their titles for confirmation before the
2421:
2118:
2102:
2065:
2012:
1954:
1855:
1608:. California State Lands Commission. Archived from
1367:
Land and Law in California: Essays on Land Policies
1648:
1552:
738:vetoed a purchase that would have made Guejito a
83:Land grant § Spanish and Mexican land grants
1599:Perez, Cris; California State Lands Commission.
1245:"Dr. Hart's Mansion - Pacific Grove, California"
1157:"Spanish and Mexican Land Grant Maps, 1855–1875"
680:Map of the Spanish and Mexican rancho grants in
475:. Action in California began with the taking of
873:Historical Overview: Los Padres National Forest
1809:Ventura County Spanish and Mexican Land Grants
1701:Los Angeles County Spanish and Mexican ranchos
201:is now an unincorporated "rural-burb" east of
1829:
1777:Santa Clara Ranchos, Grants, Patents and Maps
1538:Spanish and Mexican Land Grants in California
142:were concessions and land grants made by the
8:
1518:Volume 4, Issue 4, October 1978, pp. 371–390
1425:Pitt, Leonard; Gutierrez, Ramon A. (1999).
870:Blakely, Jim; Barnette, Karen (July 1985).
1852:
1836:
1822:
1814:
971:
969:
382:officials or their wealthy friends, local
1740:Orange County Spanish and Mexican Ranchos
1577:. San Francisco, Book Club of California.
1056:, The Huntington Library, San Marino, CA.
903:
901:
865:
863:
861:
802:Academy Library Guild, Fresno, California
1750:San Francisco County Mexican Land Grants
1272:Report of the Surveyor General 1844–1886
1691:Contra Costa County Mexican Land Grants
1594:. Academy Library Guild, Fresno, Calif.
1551:Beck, Warren A.; Ynez D. Haase (1974).
1330:Ranchos and the Politics of Land Claims
1085:"More v. Steinbach, 127 U.S. 70 (1888)"
938:
936:
934:
791:
1772:Santa Clara County Mexican Land Grants
1585:. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
1225:from the original on November 10, 2018
983:from the original on December 17, 2019
810:
808:
766:List of Spanish missions in California
583:Board of California Land Commissioners
1745:San Benito County Mexican Land Grants
1496:from the original on October 12, 2008
1125:from the original on October 25, 2008
919:from the original on October 27, 2019
886:from the original on February 7, 2016
7:
2967:Spanish colonization of the Americas
1782:Santa Cruz CountyMexican Land Grants
1755:San Mateo County Mexican Land Grants
1486:"Decimation of the Herds, 1870–1912"
688:sharp decline in cattle prices, the
327:Mexican Governors of Alta California
62:move details into the article's body
2947:Pre-statehood history of California
1723:Monterey County Mexican Land Grants
1143:Beck, Warren A. and Ynez D. Haase,
954:from the original on March 27, 2016
944:"Display Content Printable Version"
2942:Historical geography of California
1686:Alameda County Mexican Land Grants
1655:. University of California Press.
1531:Bibliography of California history
1429:. University of California Press.
1308:from the original on June 18, 2019
776:Bibliography of California history
289:Mexican secularization act of 1833
255:Settlement on the ranchos outside
176:indigenous peoples of the Americas
25:
1885:Genocide of indigenous population
1797:Tehama County Mexican Land Grants
1792:Sonoma County Mexican Land Grants
1787:Sonoma County Mexican Land Grants
1545:Mexican Land Grants in California
1095:from the original on May 25, 2017
1013:from the original on May 25, 2017
840:Robinson, William Wilcox (1979).
816:"History of San Diego, 1542-1908"
361:. In August 1833, the government
1929:Interim government of California
1713:Marin County Mexican Land Grants
1677:Spanish Archives of California (
1559:. University of Oklahoma Press.
1516:Journal of Historical Geography,
1406:History of California, Volume 20
1389:, University of Oklahoma Press,
1387:Law in the western United States
508:, enacted on September 9, 1850.
488:signed on January 13, 1847. The
38:
1767:Santa Barbara County Rancho Map
1735:Napa County Mexican Land Grants
1718:Marin County's Original Ranchos
1215:"FEDERAL COURT RECORDS:Part 04"
1180:The California Land Act of 1851
713:Los Encinos State Historic Park
119:, built 1852–53 as the seat of
1696:Land Grants in Alta California
1651:Historical Atlas of California
1630:Land Grants in Alta California
1555:Historical Atlas of California
1145:Historical Atlas of California
761:Spanish missions in California
455:mansion was built in 1856 by
301:was built 1838–45 by Governor
244:Spanish missions in California
1:
1679:Archivo Español de California
1628:Perez, Crisostomo N. (1996).
1031:Davis, William Heath. (1929)
781:Outline of California history
756:List of ranchos of California
467:began on May 13, 1846 with a
238:List of ranchos of California
2962:Veterans' settlement schemes
1581:Beers, Henry Putney (1979).
1385:Gordon Morris Bakken, 2000,
1302:Online Archive of California
1201:: Extracts from Cris Perez,
1369:, Purdue University Press,
1166:, California State Archives
566:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
490:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
2983:
1802:February 26, 2012, at the
1573:Becker, Robert H. (1969).
1543:Baker, Charles C. (1914).
1528:
286:
241:
235:
209:is a suburb in San Diego.
80:
26:
1851:
1590:Cowan, Robert G. (1956).
1490:San Diego History Journal
771:Land grants in New Mexico
628:, squatters were able to
500:as the 31st State by the
494:constitutional convention
347:Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo
29:Ranchero (disambiguation)
1632:. Landmark Enterprises.
473:United States of America
359:Catholic Church in Spain
154:After independence, the
2922:Baja California Ranchos
1845:History of California
1540:, Arno Press, New York.
1536:Avina, Rose H. (1976).
1192:"Ranchos of California"
1052:Cleland, Robert, 1975,
666:Rancho San Antonio Abad
658:Rancho Cueros de Venado
106:Rancho Monte del Diablo
1924:Conquest of California
1706:July 27, 2016, at the
716:
684:
626:Preemption Act of 1841
605:
561:
545:
543:Rancho Paso de Bartolo
502:United States Congress
460:
405:
353:
310:
233:
123:
108:
2927:Ranches in California
2085:Santa Catalina Island
2057:Territorial evolution
1647:Hayes, Derek (2007).
1592:Ranchos of California
1147:, first edition, p.24
948:digitalhistory.uh.edu
707:
679:
635:Homestead Act of 1862
595:
551:
532:
450:
397:
340:
296:
287:Further information:
242:Further information:
220:
114:
96:
1907:Mexican–American War
1892:Spanish colonization
909:"How it all Started"
787:Notes and references
465:Mexican–American War
437:Monterey, California
403:Rancho Buena Ventura
2952:Cultural landscapes
2110:San Fernando Valley
2080:San Fernando Valley
1919:California Republic
1344:on January 29, 2016
1221:. August 15, 2016.
1007:travel.yodelout.com
690:floods of 1861–1862
345:, built by General
2937:Mexican California
2917:California ranchos
1934:United States rule
1880:Later explorations
1875:First explorations
1865:Native Californian
1760:2009-05-11 at the
1728:2009-02-19 at the
1452:California History
1411:2016-01-20 at the
1286:on March 20, 2013.
1197:2009-02-02 at the
1162:2012-01-08 at the
1039:2008-12-07 at the
842:Land in California
721:Rancho Peñasquitos
717:
709:Rancho Los Encinos
685:
682:Los Angeles County
606:
562:
546:
506:Compromise of 1850
486:Treaty of Cahuenga
469:declaration of war
461:
453:Rancho Los MĂ©ganos
406:
354:
311:
307:Rancho San Pascual
234:
124:
109:
2904:
2903:
2098:
2097:
1979:Industrial growth
1662:978-0-520-25258-5
1639:978-0-910845-55-7
1395:978-0-8061-3215-0
1375:978-1-55753-273-2
1219:National Archives
851:978-0-405-11352-9
654:Rancho El Rosario
610:US District Court
602:Rancho San Miguel
504:, as part of the
479:on July 7, 1846,
303:JosĂ© MarĂa Flores
79:
78:
58:length guidelines
16:(Redirected from
2974:
2566:Rancho Cucamonga
2541:Huntington Beach
1994:Legal revolution
1902:California Trail
1853:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1815:
1666:
1654:
1643:
1624:
1622:
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1614:
1607:
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1586:
1570:
1558:
1519:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1492:. January 1965.
1482:
1476:
1475:
1464:10.2307/25157972
1447:
1441:
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1422:
1416:
1403:
1397:
1383:
1377:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1343:
1337:. Archived from
1336:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1279:. Archived from
1278:
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1241:
1235:
1234:
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1211:
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837:
831:
830:
828:
826:
812:
803:
796:
731:San Diego County
711:is preserved as
650:Rancho TĂa Juana
612:and some to the
273:Rancho San Pedro
230:Rancho San Pedro
222:Manuel DomĂnguez
199:Rancho San Diego
195:Land development
184:Native Americans
100:, built 1835 by
74:
71:
65:
56:Please read the
42:
41:
34:
21:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2932:The Californias
2907:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2786:San Luis Obispo
2417:
2323:San Luis Obispo
2114:
2094:
2061:
2008:
1984:Postwar culture
1950:
1847:
1842:
1804:Wayback Machine
1762:Wayback Machine
1730:Wayback Machine
1708:Wayback Machine
1673:
1663:
1646:
1640:
1627:
1618:
1616:
1615:on May 25, 2017
1612:
1605:
1598:
1589:
1580:
1567:
1550:
1533:
1527:
1525:Further reading
1522:
1513:
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1413:Wayback Machine
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1253:
1251:
1249:hartmansion.com
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1199:Wayback Machine
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1164:Wayback Machine
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646:Baja California
575:William M. Gwin
527:
514:
445:
392:
351:Rancho Petaluma
335:
291:
285:
259:, mission, and
246:
240:
226:DomĂnguez Adobe
215:
207:Rancho Bernardo
136:Baja California
128:Alta California
89:
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75:
69:
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55:
52:may be too long
47:This article's
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1671:External links
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1119:mchsmuseum.com
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913:Carmel Mission
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727:Rancho Guejito
701:
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673:
672:Disintegration
670:
526:
523:
513:
510:
444:
441:
410:secularization
391:
388:
343:Petaluma Adobe
334:
333:Secularization
331:
284:
281:
236:Main article:
214:
211:
130:(now known as
121:Rancho Guajome
102:Salvio Pacheco
87:
77:
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46:
44:
37:
24:
14:
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2861:Crescent City
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2531:Moreno Valley
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614:Supreme Court
611:
603:
600:was built on
599:
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558:Rancho Nipomo
556:was built on
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2751:Redwood City
2726:Santa Monica
2551:Garden Grove
2158:Contra Costa
2046:
1897:Mexican rule
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1619:November 21,
1617:. Retrieved
1610:the original
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958:December 17,
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554:Casa de Dana
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365:all of the
355:
324:
319:independence
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299:Flores Adobe
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50:lead section
48:
2891:Nevada City
2851:Placerville
2716:Santa Maria
2676:Victorville
2666:Santa Clara
2651:Simi Valley
2496:Chula Vista
2471:Bakersfield
2431:Los Angeles
2338:Santa Clara
2318:San Joaquin
2218:Los Angeles
2004:Present day
1989:Development
1969:Engineering
1914:Californios
1857:Before 1900
844:. Ayer Co.
736:Jerry Brown
579:land grants
541:in 1853 on
537:, built by
525:Land claims
481:Los Angeles
384:Californios
363:secularized
349:in 1836 on
315:Mexican era
313:During the
283:Mexican era
269:Pedro Fages
213:Spanish era
172:Californios
160:land grants
70:August 2024
2911:Categories
2841:Marysville
2816:Susanville
2771:San Rafael
2766:Santa Cruz
2696:Costa Mesa
2556:Santa Rosa
2461:Long Beach
2456:Sacramento
2373:Stanislaus
2343:Santa Cruz
2298:San Benito
2293:Sacramento
1974:Water wars
1956:Since 1900
1870:Precontact
1529:See also:
1254:January 6,
1089:Justia Law
740:state park
535:Pico Adobe
457:John Marsh
132:California
2831:Red Bluff
2806:Hollister
2791:El Centro
2756:Yuba City
2711:Fairfield
2701:Inglewood
2661:Roseville
2631:Fullerton
2621:Sunnyvale
2616:Escondido
2581:Elk Grove
2576:Lancaster
2561:Oceanside
2486:Riverside
2481:Santa Ana
2436:San Diego
2328:San Mateo
2308:San Diego
2288:Riverside
2238:Mendocino
2168:El Dorado
2163:Del Norte
2148:Calaveras
2120:By county
2067:By region
2042:Railroads
2022:Etymology
1999:Tech boom
1944:Civil War
1939:Gold Rush
618:Civil War
519:Gold Rush
512:Gold Rush
390:Ownership
375:neophytes
203:San Diego
60:and help
18:Rancheros
2957:Land law
2881:Lakeport
2846:Piedmont
2826:Oroville
2801:Martinez
2776:Woodland
2686:Berkeley
2681:El Monte
2626:Pasadena
2606:Torrance
2586:Palmdale
2536:Glendale
2491:Stockton
2441:San Jose
2398:Tuolumne
2358:Siskiyou
2258:Monterey
2233:Mariposa
2188:Imperial
2183:Humboldt
2090:Yosemite
2075:Bay Area
2037:Missions
2032:Maritime
2027:Highways
2014:By topic
1800:Archived
1758:Archived
1726:Archived
1704:Archived
1500:July 30,
1494:Archived
1472:25157972
1409:Archived
1365:, 2002,
1306:Archived
1223:Archived
1195:Archived
1178:, 1971,
1160:Archived
1129:July 30,
1123:Archived
1093:Archived
1037:Archived
1011:Archived
981:Archived
952:Archived
917:Archived
881:Archived
750:See also
630:pre-empt
604:in 1841.
560:in 1839.
539:PĂo Pico
477:Monterey
367:missions
257:presidio
232:in 1826.
188:Missions
2896:Alturas
2886:Jackson
2866:Willows
2781:Hanford
2721:Redding
2706:Ventura
2671:Vallejo
2656:Concord
2646:Visalia
2611:Hayward
2596:Salinas
2571:Ontario
2526:Fontana
2516:Modesto
2501:Fremont
2476:Anaheim
2466:Oakland
2423:By city
2403:Ventura
2388:Trinity
2128:Alameda
2103:Regions
2052:Slavery
2047:Ranchos
1348:May 27,
1229:June 4,
923:May 16,
825:July 2,
471:by the
418:peonage
250:leagues
164:leagues
156:Mexican
148:Mexican
144:Spanish
140:ranchos
2876:Sonora
2871:Colusa
2836:Auburn
2811:Eureka
2796:Lompoc
2761:Madera
2741:Merced
2691:Downey
2636:Orange
2601:Pomona
2591:Corona
2521:Oxnard
2506:Irvine
2451:Fresno
2393:Tulare
2383:Tehama
2378:Sutter
2368:Sonoma
2363:Solano
2353:Sierra
2348:Shasta
2283:Plumas
2278:Placer
2273:Orange
2268:Nevada
2243:Merced
2223:Madera
2213:Lassen
2173:Fresno
2153:Colusa
2138:Amador
2133:Alpine
1659:
1636:
1563:
1470:
1433:
1393:
1373:
848:
700:Legacy
425:diseño
399:Diseño
261:pueblo
224:built
205:, and
134:) and
2856:Yreka
2821:Ukiah
2736:Chico
2248:Modoc
2228:Marin
2203:Kings
2178:Glenn
2143:Butte
1964:Labor
1613:(PDF)
1606:(PDF)
1468:JSTOR
1342:(PDF)
1335:(PDF)
1284:(PDF)
1277:(PDF)
884:(PDF)
877:(PDF)
498:Union
2746:Napa
2413:Yuba
2408:Yolo
2263:Napa
2253:Mono
2208:Lake
2198:Kern
2193:Inyo
1657:ISBN
1634:ISBN
1621:2013
1561:ISBN
1502:2009
1431:ISBN
1391:ISBN
1371:ISBN
1350:2010
1314:2019
1256:2021
1231:2018
1131:2009
1101:2019
1019:2019
989:2019
960:2019
925:2018
892:2016
846:ISBN
827:2023
660:and
596:The
564:The
552:The
533:The
463:The
451:The
341:The
297:The
146:and
115:The
1460:doi
729:in
401:of
305:on
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228:on
126:In
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