744:, was a notable early example. It was begun in 1245, built atop the foundations of an earlier Romanesque church which some deviations from the usual Rayonnant arrangement of arcades, which were separated by bundled columns. The three-part elevation were large windows with lancets and roses along the aisles, more windows above on the narrow Triforium, and dramatic high windows with four lancets surmounted by quadrille windows, filling the church with light. One special aspect of the cathedral was its color; the reddish-grey stone in different shades became part of the decoration. The western façade was built in 1277. Its fine rose window of more than 13 metres diameter is divided into sixteen "soufflets", or elongated heart-shaped forms. Stone of similar colour as on Strasbourg Cathedral was used for many important medieval churches in the
378:
1577:
1237:
432:
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634:
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1405:
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717:
984:
366:
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314:
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999:
1331:, was to use double-pitched roofs over the aisles, with hidden gutters to drain off the rainwater. This meant the outer wall of the triforioum passage could now be glazed, and the inner wall reduced to slender bar tracery. Architects also began to emphasise the linkage between triforium and clerestory by extending the central mullions from the windows of the latter in a continuous moulding running from the top of the windows down through the blind tracery of the triforium to the string course at the top of the arcading.
1230:, was to use double-pitched roofs over the aisles, with hidden gutters to drain off the rainwater. This meant the outer wall of the triforioum passage could now be glazed, and the inner wall reduced to slender bar tracery. Architects also began to emphasise the linkage between triforium and clerestory by extending the central mullions from the windows of the latter in a continuous moulding running from the top of the windows down through the blind tracery of the triforium to the string course at the top of the arcading.
1729:
1105:
1421:
1389:
947:
906:
825:
543:
1504:
34:
1607:
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685:
62:. French architects turned their attention from building cathedral of greater size and height towards bringing greater light into the cathedral interiors and adding more extensive decoration. The architects made the vertical columns and supports thinner, made extensive use of pinnacles and moldings. They combined the triforium gallery and the clerestory into single space and filled it with stained glass. They made extensive use of moldings and
1622:
1065:
2651:
938:
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861:
1204:
with much larger openings. The tribune, no longer needed for support, disappeared entirely. The intermediate triforium nearly disappeared, or was itself filled with windows. Most impressive was the change to the top level, the clerestory, supported by longer buttresses; the upper walls were filled with larger and larger windows, until the walls at that level nearly disappeared.
284:, which had been the most influential initial building of Gothic style, developed problems of stability in the early 13th century. Therefore, the upper parts of the choir as well as the nave and the transepts were rebuilt beginning in 1231, opening up a greater amount of interior space (though altering beyond recognition some of the original Gothic features created by
2663:
1695:
1054:, begun in 1290 or 1310, has many Gothic but also some Romanesque elements. It is notable for its elaborate two-dimensional decorative patterns on its façade and interiors. Its open trusses emphasize the difference from transalpine Gothic. Both interiors are dominated by polychrome marble. The facade of the bell tower 1334–1358) of
1555:
three-dimensional, standing out in their own niches across the facade. They had individual facial characteristics, natural gestures and postures, and finely-sculpted costumes. The other decorative sculpture, such as the leaves and plants that decorated the capitals of columns, also became more realistic.
1167:
In the layout of stained glass windows, combinations of coloured subjects and uncoloured areas made the presentations more impressive and interiors brighter. The
Rayonnant period coincided with the development of the band window, in which a central strip of richly coloured stained glass is positioned
1044:
In most of the Gothic architecture of Italy, transalpine forms are applied very selectively. So was the adaption of
Rayonnant architecture. Some of the few examples are abbey churches whose orders were active in France and other parts of Europe. But also cathedrals have to be mentioned. The façade of
421:
The first rose window of Notre-Dame was built on the west facade in the 1220s. In the Middle Ages, the rose was the symbol of the Virgin Mary, to whom the cathedral was dedicated. The west window was smaller, with thick spokes of stone. The larger transept windows were added in about 1250 (north) and
1287:
Light, and therefore the window, was a central feature of
Rayonnant architecture; Rayonnant windows were larger, more numerous, and more ornate than in earlier styles. They also frequently had clear or grisaille glass, brightening up the interior. The shadows and darkness of early Gothic cathedrals,
186:. Its choir was built from 1248 to 1322, the decoration accomplished and partly remodeled until 1360. After an interruption from 1528 to 1832, the Cathedral was completed in 1880. The footplan with all foundations is medieval, but many details of the western parts are creations of the 19th century.
103:. Its choir was built from 1248 to 1322, the decoration accomplished and partly remodeled until 1360. After an interruption from 1528 to 1832, the Cathedral was completed in 1880. The footplan with all foundations is medieval, but many details of the western parts are creations of the 19th century.
1203:
on the top, just below the vaults, which usually had small windows. This changed dramatically in the
Rayonnant period. Thanks to the more efficient flying buttress and quadripartite rib vaults, the walls could be higher and thinner, with more space for windows. The arcade became higher and higher,
417:
also received a major makeover into the new style. Between 1220 and 1230, flying buttresses were constructed to replace the old wall buttresses, and to support the walls of upper level. Thirty-seven new windows were installed, each one six meters high, each with a double-arched window topped by a
1311:
in which the stone ribs separating the glass panels are made of narrow carved mouldings, with rounded inner and outer profiles. The elaborate designs of the spokes of the rose windows, radiating outward, gave the name to the
Rayonnant style. Bar-tracery probably made its first appearance in the
1334:
In
England, the Rayonnant or Decorated period was characterised by windows of great width and height, divided by mullions into subdivisions, and further elaborated with tracery. Early characteristics were a trefoil or quadrifoil design. Later windows often used an S-shaped curve, called an
431:
1554:
Sculpture was an important feature of the decoration of the facades of cathedrals, a practice dating back to the
Romanesque period. Stone figures of saints and the Holy family were featured on the facade and tympanum. In the Rayonnant period, the sculptures became more naturalistic and
875:. They invited specialists from France, and particularly even from Germany, who made Spain participate in the actual developments north of the Pyrenees. This way, Rayonnant appeared in Spain. But each Spanish cathedral had its own very distinctive style that was difficult to classify.
288:). The walls were rebuilt with much larger windows, which opened up the upper elevation from the main arcades to the apexes of the vaults. The apse, once dark, was filled with light. In this campaign, the first triforia with windows were built. This was the onset of Rayonnant Gothic.
341:, at the same time. Its builder, Bishop Evrard de Fouilly, set out to build the largest cathedral in France; one-hundred forty-five meters long, and seventy meters wide, with a surface area of 7700 square meters. The vaults are 42.5 meters high. The nave was completed by 1235.
344:
After the necessary enlargement of the area enclosed by the city wall, in 1236, began the construction of transept and choir, which was completed between 1241 and 1269. Here, the innovations were applied, that had been initiated in the relaunch of Saint-Denis abbey church.
467:
had an even more ambitious program, financed with the assistance of Louis IX between 1236 and 1279. Its most striking
Rayonnant feature was the fusion of the windows of the triforium and high clerestory windows to create a curtain of stained glass, similar to that of
377:
271:
was the brother-in-law of Louis, visited Paris, and had
Westminster Abbey modified after 1245 following the new style. He also attended the dedication of Sainte-Chapelle in Paris, and had the east end of St. Paul's Cathedral remodelled in 1258 to resemble it.
1049:
was planned in the
Rayonnant style, in 1284, though modified in later years. The façade is covered by fine sculpture. The interior was remodeled and vaulted in 1260 and therefore resembles northern Gothic – except of the round arcades and travers arches.
1147:
The distinguishing features of Rayonnant architecture included the greatly increased amount of light in the interior, due to the enlargement of the arcades and especially the increase in the number and size of windows. In distinction from the dark
1168:
between upper and lower bands of clear or frosted glass, which allowed even more light to flood in, and a comparable increase in the amount of ornament, both on the inside and the exterior. This was often achieved by very elaborate designs in the
1461:
1291:
Intermediate levels of the walls, such as the Triforium, were given windows. At the high level of the clerestory, rows of lancet windows appeared, often topped with tri-lobed or four-part windows and a type of miniature rose windows, called an
603:
saw the addition of several important Rayonnant features; the vaulted ceiling of the chapter house (1220); and the Dean's Eye rose window (1237); the Galilee Porch and the Angel Choir (1256–1280). Other notable Rayonnant examples include
1236:
2102:, 33rd eddition (2016), Prestel Verlag, ISBN 978-3-7913-4997-8, p. 170. On the same page, for France the French criteria for Classic Gothic are applied for "Hochgotik", which pretends an immense delay of German Gothic architecture.
1576:
1327:. Although it made the interior darker, it was a necessary feature to accommodate the sloping lean-to roofs over the side aisles and chapels. The Rayonnant solution to this, as employed to brilliant effect in the 1230s nave of the
1226:. Although it made the interior darker, it was a necessary feature to accommodate the sloping lean-to roofs over the side aisles and chapels. The Rayonnant solution to this, as employed to brilliant effect in the 1230s nave of the
259:, or Saint Louis, from 1226 to 1270. During his reign, France was the wealthiest and most powerful nation in Europe. Louis was devoutly religious and was a major patron of the Catholic Church and arts. The University of Paris, or
1496:
The tracery within windows inspired another form of Rayonnant decoration; the use of blind tracery, or meshes of thin ribs that could be used to cover blank walls in decorative designs, matching the designs within the windows.
1477:
1251:
1760:
and the various other misfortunes experienced by Europe during the 14th century, relatively little large-scale construction occurred and certain elements of the Rayonnant style remained in vogue well into the next century.
422:
1260 (south), with much more ornate designs and thinner mullions, or ribs, between the glass. The north window was devoted to the events of the Old Testament, and the South to the teachings of Christ and the New Testament.
1657:, which gave greater height to everything from doorways to buttress. These elements usually also had a practical purpose; they were often added to external structures, such as buttresses, to give them additional weight.
1755:
Gothic was gradual, marked primarily by a shift towards new tracery patterns based on S-shaped curves (these curves resemble flickering flames, from which the new style got its name). However, amidst the chaos of the
1307:, or ornamental designs, within windows. Early Gothic windows often used plate-tracery (in which the window openings look as if they have been punched out of a flat stone plate. This was replaced by the more delicate
1713:
393:
1194:
In early Gothic cathedrals, the walls of the nave were about equally divided between the arcades on the ground floor, the Tribune, an arcaded passage above, which buttressed the nave; above that the narrow arcaded
1267:
1534:
1156:, Rayonnant triforia are lit by windows. This became possible by covering the aisles with roofs with own ridges, instead of lean-to roofs. Nevertheless, there was some roll back of this development, see
1455:
separating the pieces of glass, and those glass pieces supported by lead ribs, windows became stronger and larger, able to resist strong winds. Rayonnant rose windows reached a diameter of ten meters.
1591:
633:
197:, where French Rayonnant tracery was often incorporated into more traditional English features, such as colonettes and vault ribs. Notable examples of Rayonnant in England include the Angel Choir of
297:
267:, which he built to house his extensive collection of relics of the Saints, is considered one of the major landmarks of Rayonnant Gothic. He also had an important influence on English Gothic; King
1519:
533:
at the edge of Paris. The glass was heavily coloured, the walls were brightly painted, and the portions of the walls not covered with glass were densely covered with sculpted and painted tracery.
627:(1300–38). This was monochrome painting in large windows onto the glass, usually grey or white, which allowed more light to enter, and was usually surrounded by smaller panels of stained glass.
110:
At first French Rayonnant tracery was incorporated into more traditional English features, such as colonettes and vault ribs. Notable examples of Rayonnant in England include the Angel Choir of
1373:
616:. In these structures, the French tracery and decoration was often mixed with typical English decorative features, including colonettes, and added very decorative ribs to the ceiling vaults.
494:
478:
1503:
1404:
808:
792:
521:
that he had brought back from the Crusades, consecrated in 1248, is considered the summit of the Rayonnant style. It served as a model of several similar chapels around Europe, in
356:
in 1992 revealed traces of paint, indicating that it was entirely painted in bright colors. The original appearance is simulated today on special occasions with coloured lights.
890:
716:
365:
1606:
1357:
463:
in Normandy, the Bishop Geoffrey de Loudon modified the plans to add double flying arches and high windows divided into lancets, as well as a circle of new Rayonnant chapels.
179:; the reduction of the importance of the transept; and larger openings on the ground floor to establish greater communication between the central vessel and the side aisles.
840:
668:
164:, as defined by French scholars. Related to the English division of Continental Gothic into three phases (Early, High, Late Gothic), it is the second and larger part of
588:
was the brother-in-law of Louis IX of France, and he had attended the consecration of Sainte-Chapelle in Paris in 1248. In 1245 he had begun reconstructing portions of
443:
1621:
983:
700:
1443:
was among the most distinctive elements of the Rayonnant. The transepts of Notre-Dame de Paris were rebuilt to make a place for two enormous rose windows, made by
1131:
775:. Work began in 1248 and the choir was consecrated in 1322, but work stopped in the 14th century and was not resumed until the 19th, and not finished until 1880.
2342:
1728:
1010:
596:, based upon the model of Sainte Chapelle. Unlike the French Rayonnant, the English version at Westminster was more heavily decorated with carved stonework.
437:
Rayonnant rose window of the north transept (1250s), Primary or Early Gothic tribune windows (before 1190), one Classic or High Gothic clerestory (c. 1200)
570:
An English version of the Rayonnant style began to appear in England in the middle of the 13th century. Later scholars gave the English version the term "
1694:
1451:, and paid for by King Louis IX. Similar great roses were added to the nave of the Basilica of Saint-Denis and Amiens Cathedral. With the use of stone
2535:
1388:
1323:
of an Early or High Gothic cathedral was a dark horizontal band, usually housing a narrow passageway, that separated the top of the arcade from the
313:
1288:
with their small windows and deep, rich colors such as Chartres blue, was replaced by a brightly lit space with a full spectrum of coloured light.
998:
1566:(1310) was extremely fine, and was part of a combination of bronze and marble figures, mosaics, and polychrome reliefs. It was a forecast of the
1025:
2711:
824:
2576:
2571:
2251:
2215:
2196:
1420:
578:
style, lasted (about 1245 or 50 until 1315 or 1360), where ornament tended to be based on straight lines, cubes and circles, followed by the
1319:
A notable architectural innovation that emerged as part of the Rayonnant style in France was the use of glazed triforia. Traditionally, the
1207:
The final architectural innovation that emerged as part of the Rayonnant style in France was the use of glazed triforia. Traditionally, the
652:
554:
2619:
2421:
1119:
778:
The Central European examples of Rayonnant demonstrate the bias between French and German phasings; in German literature, they are called
2048:
1104:
2624:
2529:
2270:
1645:
One distinctive element of Rayonnant was the use of carved stone decorative elements on the exterior and interior. These included the
905:
574:". English Historians sometimes subdivide this style into two periods, based on the predominant motifs of the designs. The first, the
881:, begun in 1226 and continued in Gothic style until 1493 ,shows more preference of large windows than most other churches in Spain.
684:
2335:
2289:
1064:
459:
Rayonnant spread quickly from the Ile de France to other parts of France Normandy, in many projects already under construction. At
2629:
2494:
2411:
1092:
263:, was founded under his rule, as a school of theology. The major Rayonnant cathedrals had his patronage, and his royal chapel,
2525:
2468:
2426:
2188:
1790:
1031:
1016:
962:
2667:
1339:, giving a flame-like design that heralded the Flamboyant style. Notable examples include the windows in the cloister of
2706:
2701:
2655:
2404:
2328:
1785:
530:
542:
2599:
2566:
2431:
2394:
2377:
1364:
592:. After his visit to Paris, he began adding Rayonnant elements. He also ordered the reconstruction of the east end of
1080:
961:
1298 to 1448 (without the facade, which was added as late as after 1882, and the central tower, added 1906–1911) and
2382:
2152:
2074:
1899:
1867:
1775:
194:
161:
59:
2716:
2474:
2372:
304:
1486:, north rose window (1250s), typically Rayonnant: the glass area exceeds the round shape of the rose structure.
1328:
1227:
1222:
was a dark horizontal band, usually housing a narrow passageway, that separated the top of the arcade from the
1701:
593:
353:
281:
1947:
2726:
2614:
2387:
1646:
2311:
736:
The Rayonnant style gradually spread to the east from Paris and was adapted to local styles. The nave of
2679:
2583:
1962:
1293:
957:, begun in 1292, has triforia without windows. In Barcelona, two large churches were built, parallelly,
2674:
946:
2609:
1583:
1427:
815:
799:
737:
585:
268:
220:
After the mid-14th century, Rayonnant was gradually replaced by the more ornate and highly decorated
2399:
2351:
1780:
1770:
1483:
1448:
958:
414:
260:
158:
93:
51:
33:
1977:
133:
After the mid-14th century, Rayonnant was gradually replaced by the even more lavishly decorative
1258:
1055:
256:
89:
2561:
2556:
2416:
2367:
2285:
2266:
2247:
2235:
2211:
2192:
2044:
1757:
1739:
1628:
1559:
1525:
1468:
1344:
1340:
1274:
1161:
1157:
1110:
1051:
917:
831:
772:
745:
741:
659:
643:
609:
600:
589:
518:
501:
460:
214:
210:
198:
183:
127:
123:
111:
100:
1923:
2721:
2551:
2446:
2441:
1510:
1261:, Classic Gothic: dark triforium, windows partly without tracery, partly with proto-tracery.
989:
954:
921:
897:
878:
864:
847:
761:
691:
605:
571:
330:
237:
202:
115:
107:
81:
1632:
1613:
1598:
1563:
1444:
1380:
1313:
1297:
1242:
1071:
1046:
970:
965:, 1324 to 1384. Besides some elaborate tracery in Santa Maria del Mar, both have dominant
753:
749:
675:
613:
514:
485:
469:
464:
338:
264:
206:
190:
153:
119:
85:
38:
1818:"Encylclopaedia Britannica" on-line, ""Rayonnant" (by subscription) retrieved April 2024
1809:"Encylclopaedia Britannica" on-line, ""Rayonnant" (by subscription) retrieved April 2024
1296:. This was made possible at Notre-Dame by the construction of taller and longer kind of
582:
style (from about 1290 or 1315 until 1350 or 1360) which used gracefully curving lines.
2436:
2168:
1952:, presentation of Beauvais Cathedral – with a didactic timetable of French architecture
1705:
1216:
1153:
418:
rose. (Twenty-five are still in place, twelve in the nave and thirteen in the choir.).
400:
384:
334:
244:
247:
and Ferdinand de Lasteyrie) to classify Gothic styles on the basis of window tracery.
2695:
2478:
1411:
1395:
757:
2147:
2069:
1894:
1862:
937:
2464:
1348:
1212:
1169:
723:
707:
624:
233:
70:
1058:
is decorated with elaborate patterns in the marble, resembling Rayonnant tracery.
2182:
77:. The design of the windows gave the name Rayonnant ("Radiant"} to the style.
2509:
2489:
1567:
1440:
872:
860:
779:
765:
172:
165:
74:
63:
55:
17:
1176:
screens on the exterior to cover the facades and elements like the buttresses.
54:
which appeared in France in the 13th century. It was the defining style of the
2484:
1752:
1324:
1223:
1200:
974:
925:
349:
221:
176:
134:
1277:, Rayonnant: Above the arcades almost all is large windows with fine tracery.
2499:
1320:
1208:
1196:
1149:
966:
620:
1612:
Detail of column capital sculpture, showing a farmer hitting a fruit thief
1528:, Angel Choir, 2nd half of C 13, blind tracery below a dark triforium
243:
The term was first used by the 19th-century French art historians (notably
99:
Rayonnant cathedrals soon appeared outside of France. One of the first was
333:
had begun in 1220 with its western parts, in the more advanced version of
2604:
1735:
1681:
1650:
1558:
The sculptural decoration of Italian Gothic churches, such as the facade
1452:
1219:
871:
In Spain, the Christian states of the north expanded with the success of
599:
The style was soon used in other cathedrals and churches across England.
623:
was more widely used in English cathedrals, such as the nave windows of
2636:
2232:
English Church Architecture of the Middle Ages - an Elementary Handbook
2172:
1719:
1685:
1661:
1541:
1304:
1180:
1173:
2320:
2315:
2234:(1922), T. Fisher Unwin, Ltd., London (1922) (Full text available on
1677:
1672:
which are used at regular intervals to decorate the sloping edges of
1669:
1654:
1300:
that made a double leap to support the higher sections of the walls.
916:
Another important example of Rayonnant are the nave and transepts of
639:
522:
69:
The most prominent features of the Rayonnant style were the enormous
2174:
Paris and the Origins of Rayonnant Gothic Architecture down to 1240
2002:
2000:
1998:
1245:, Primary Gothic: tribune, blind triforium, windows without tracery.
73:
installed in the transepts and facades, made possible by the use of
1836:"Encylclopaedia Britannica" on-line, ""Rayonnant" (by subscription)
1827:"Encylclopaedia Britannica" on-line, ""Rayonnant" (by subscription)
1199:
which was a passageway which further reinforced the walls; and the
106:
The style also soon appeared in England, where it took the name of
96:(1250-1270, and the church of Sainte-Urbaine in Troyes (1262).
2184:
French Gothic Architecture of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries
1673:
1471:"Dean's Eye" rose window (c. 1225), in French terms Classic Gothic
859:
285:
32:
2176:; The Art Bulletin, Vol. 44, No. 1 (Mar., 1962), pp. 39-51; JSTOR
1722:
on the spire of the church of Notre-Dame de Vitré, Brussels (35)
1665:
1336:
526:
383:
Southern transept of Amiens Cathedral: To the right the nave of
2324:
2301:, Christopher Wilson, London, 1990, especially p. 120ff
232:
The term "Rayonnant" comes from the radiating spokes of the
182:
The most prominent Rayonnant building outside France may be
517:, the chapel constructed by Louis IX for the relics of the
348:
The western rose window was renewed in the 16th century in
608:(begun before 1280); in the Choir of Saint Augustine at
1513:, after 1236, pierced tracery and high relief sculpture
484:
Combination of the triforium and clerestory windows of
171:
Other features of Rayonnant include development of the
403:, before 1235; Flamboyant rose window of 15th century
209:(begun before 1280), the choir of Saint Augustine at
122:(begun before 1280), the choir of Saint Augustine at
2227:, Paul Frankl (revised by Paul Crossley), Yale, 2000
1179:
On the walls, the use of gables, pinnacles and open
58:
period, and is often described as the high point of
2592:
2544:
2518:
2457:
2358:
1582:Naturalistic figures of Saints over west portal of
1544:, blind tracery instead of lit triforia, about 1300
240:in England, used many ideas from French Rayonnant.
80:The first major church built in the new style was
236:of the major cathedrals. The largely contemporary
2280:Trintignac, Andrei; Coloni, Marie-Jeanne (1984).
292:Basilica of Saint-Denis, rebuilding begun in 1231
2006:
1160:(younger but with dark triforia) in relation to
969:character and little Rayonnant elements. (Note:
764:, nave (1220–1230) and spire (finished in 1330)
371:Rayonnant choir, begun in 1236, mainly 1241–1258
205:(begun before 1280). The striking retrochoir of
118:(begun before 1280). The striking retrochoir of
303:Rayonnant windows of clerestory and triforium,
2261:Renault, Christophe; Lazé, Christophe (2006).
2032:English Church Architecture of the Middle Ages
1664:, in the form of a stylized carving of curled
920:, begun 1255. Other examples in Spain include
756:(Late Romanesque, 1130–1181) and the minsters
2336:
1751:The transition (in France) from Rayonnant to
977:, begun in 1882 and still not accomplished.)
924:, though it was much modified in the time of
92:(1248); the new north and south transepts of
8:
30:
2263:Les Styles de l'architecture et du mobilier
2111:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1303:There was also a fundamental change in the
752:(various Romanesque and Gothic phases) and
157:) style is the third of the four phases of
66:to decorate the exteriors and interiors.
2343:
2329:
2321:
674:View through retrochoir to Lady Chapel of
29:
276:Basilica of Saint-Denis rebuilding (1231)
255:The style originated during the reign of
2536:Gothic secular and domestic architecture
1965:L'art gothique à la conquête de l'Europe
1802:
1690:
1572:
1499:
1457:
1353:
1347:(1256), and the nave and west front of
1232:
1060:
979:
930:
883:
788:
629:
535:
474:
424:
358:
290:
2244:Architecture des Cathédrales Gothiques
2135:
2123:
2086:
2018:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
760:(Late Romanesque and Late Gothic) and
619:In the 14th century, the technique of
27:Architectural style of Medieval France
1004:The spacious nave of Girona Cathedral
748:. Famous examples are the cathedrals
152:
7:
2662:
2246:(in French). Éditions Ouest-France.
1627:Adam and Eve Sculpture on facade of
1098:Siena Cathedral, apse and clerestory
537:Sainte-Chapelle, consecrated in 1248
84:(1220-1271). Later examples include
2530:List of Gothic cathedrals in Europe
2051:from the original on 4 October 2018
1597:Sculpture and tracery on facade of
612:; and in the unusual retrochoir of
1316:and quickly spread across Europe.
337:, similar to the eastern parts of
175:; more windows in the upper-level
25:
387:, to the left the Rayonnant choir
2673:
2661:
2650:
2649:
1727:
1712:
1693:
1620:
1605:
1590:
1575:
1533:
1518:
1502:
1476:
1460:
1419:
1403:
1387:
1372:
1356:
1266:
1250:
1235:
1137:Orvieto Cathedral, traverse view
1130:
1118:
1103:
1091:
1079:
1063:
1024:
1009:
997:
982:
945:
936:
904:
889:
867:, Rayonnant with later additions
839:
823:
807:
791:
715:
699:
683:
667:
651:
632:
553:
541:
493:
477:
442:
430:
392:
376:
364:
312:
296:
885:Toledo Cathedral, begun in 1226
798:West façade and rose window of
31:Rayonnant style (13th century)
2526:Gothic cathedrals and churches
2469:List of Brick Gothic buildings
2282:Decouvrir Notre-Dame der Paris
2189:University of California Press
2045:"Timeline - Lincoln Cathedral"
1791:Gothic cathedrals and churches
1343:(1245–69), the Angel Choir of
911:Ambulatory of Toledo Cathedral
771:Another important example was
217:are other important examples.
193:, the style quickly spread to
130:are other important examples.
1:
2712:Gothic architecture in France
1984:(in French) (online ed.)
1930:(in French) (online ed.)
932:León Cathedral, begun in 1255
722:Grisaille in nave windows of
2007:Trintignac & Coloni 1984
1786:List of architectural styles
1660:These elements included the
1363:The glazed triforium of the
531:Sainte-Chapelle de Vincennes
500:Triforium and Clerestory of
352:style. A close study of the
50:was a very refined style of
2600:Building a Gothic cathedral
2567:Gothic Revival architecture
1365:Abbey Church of Saint Denis
1125:Orvieto Cathedral, westward
88:, the royal chapel of King
2743:
2208:Caractéristique des Styles
1776:French Gothic architecture
1734:Buttresses decorated with
566:Decorated Style in England
60:French Gothic architecture
2645:
2475:Early Gothic architecture
2210:(in French). Flammarion.
1570:that was about to begin.
1509:Lateral choir screens of
1086:Siena Cathedral, westward
2312:Rayonnant Gothic gallery
2284:. Les Editions du Cerf.
2242:Mignon, Olivier (2015).
1948:Dominique Vermand, site
1329:Abbey Church of St Denis
1228:Abbey Church of St Denis
2265:(in French). Gisserot.
2206:Ducher, Robert (2014).
2153:Encyclopædia Britannica
2112:Renault & Lazé 2006
2075:Encyclopædia Britannica
1900:Encyclopædia Britannica
1868:Encyclopædia Britannica
1410:Window of Lady Chapel,
1394:Geometric bar tracery,
1379:The "Golden Window" of
282:Basilica of Saint-Denis
2615:Medieval stained glass
1312:clerestory windows at
868:
510:Sainte-Chapelle (1248)
449:North transept outside
42:
2584:High Victorian Gothic
1982:Encyclopédie Larousse
1928:Encyclopédie Larousse
973:is a work of Catalan
863:
706:Great West window of
319:Rayonnant rose window
150:French pronunciation:
36:
2610:International Gothic
2299:The Gothic Cathedral
1584:Strasbourg Cathedral
1428:Strasbourg Cathedral
816:Strasbourg Cathedral
800:Strasbourg Cathedral
738:Strasbourg Cathedral
642:vaulting of nave of
594:St. Paul's Cathedral
586:Henry III of England
329:The construction of
269:Henry III of England
41:, Paris (about 1250)
2707:Church architecture
2702:Gothic architecture
2352:Gothic architecture
2230:Smith, A. Freeman,
2225:Gothic Architecture
2181:Bony, Jean (1983).
2030:Smith, A. Freeman,
1797:Notes and citations
1781:French architecture
1771:Gothic architecture
1641:Decorative elements
1484:Notre-Dame de Paris
1449:Pierre de Montreuil
1032:Santa Maria del Mar
1017:Santa Maria del Mar
963:Santa Maria del Mar
658:The Angel Choir of
426:Notre Dame de Paris
415:Notre-Dame de Paris
409:Notre-Dame de Paris
251:Rayonnant in France
159:Gothic architecture
94:Notre Dame de Paris
52:Gothic Architecture
44:
1426:Emperor Window of
1259:Chartres Cathedral
1172:and the lace-like
1056:Florence Cathedral
869:
850:, finished in 1330
504:(mid-13th century)
257:Louis IX of France
90:Louis IX of France
43:
2689:
2688:
2562:Dissenting Gothic
2557:Collegiate Gothic
2253:978-2-7373-6535-5
2236:Project Gutenberg
2217:978-2-0813-4383-2
2198:978-0-520-02831-9
2034:(1922), pp. 45–47
1950:Églises de l'Oise
1758:Hundred Years War
1740:Cologne Cathedral
1629:Orvieto Cathedral
1560:Orvieto Cathedral
1526:Lincoln Cathedral
1469:Lincoln Cathedral
1345:Lincoln Cathedral
1341:Westminster Abbey
1275:Cologne Cathedral
1162:Cologne Cathedral
1158:Utrecht Cathedral
1111:Orvieto Cathedral
1052:Orvieto Cathedral
846:Western tower of
832:Cologne Cathedral
773:Cologne Cathedral
746:Upper Rhine Plain
742:Holy Roman Empire
660:Lincoln Cathedral
644:Bristol Cathedral
610:Bristol Cathedral
601:Lincoln Cathedral
590:Westminster Abbey
519:Passion of Christ
502:Le Mans Cathedral
461:Le Mans Cathedral
455:Le Mans and Tours
413:The Cathedral of
215:Westminster Abbey
211:Bristol Cathedral
199:Lincoln Cathedral
184:Cologne Cathedral
154:[ʁɛjɔnɑ̃]
128:Westminster Abbey
124:Bristol Cathedral
112:Lincoln Cathedral
101:Cologne Cathedral
45:
16:(Redirected from
2734:
2717:History of glass
2677:
2665:
2664:
2653:
2652:
2593:Related articles
2552:Carpenter Gothic
2345:
2338:
2331:
2322:
2295:
2276:
2257:
2221:
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2156:
2145:
2139:
2138:, p. 52-56.
2133:
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2115:
2109:
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2078:
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2061:
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2056:
2041:
2035:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2009:, p. 34-41.
2004:
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1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
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1511:Amiens Cathedral
1506:
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1239:
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1095:
1083:
1070:Upper facade of
1067:
1028:
1013:
1001:
990:Girona Cathedral
986:
955:Gerona Cathedral
949:
940:
922:Burgos cathedral
908:
898:Toledo Cathedral
893:
879:Toledo Cathedral
865:Toledo Cathedral
848:Freiburg Minster
843:
827:
811:
795:
719:
703:
692:Exeter Cathedral
687:
671:
655:
636:
606:Exeter Cathedral
572:Decorated Period
560:sculpture Detail
557:
545:
497:
481:
446:
434:
396:
380:
368:
360:Amiens Cathedral
331:Amiens Cathedral
325:Amiens Cathedral
316:
300:
203:Exeter Cathedral
156:
151:
116:Exeter Cathedral
108:Decorated Gothic
82:Amiens Cathedral
21:
18:Rayonnant Gothic
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2733:
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2098:Wilfried Koch,
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1987:
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1961:
1957:
1946:
1942:
1933:
1931:
1922:
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1893:
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1863:Rayonnant Style
1861:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1767:
1749:
1742:
1732:
1723:
1717:
1708:
1704:illustrated by
1698:
1643:
1636:
1633:Lorenzo Maitani
1625:
1616:
1614:Wells Cathedral
1610:
1601:
1599:Rouen Cathedral
1595:
1586:
1580:
1564:Lorenzo Maitani
1552:
1545:
1540:Broederenkerk,
1538:
1529:
1523:
1514:
1507:
1494:
1487:
1481:
1472:
1467:Plate tracery,
1465:
1445:Jean de Chelles
1437:
1430:
1424:
1415:
1408:
1399:
1392:
1383:
1381:Wells Cathedral
1377:
1368:
1361:
1314:Reims Cathedral
1298:flying buttress
1285:
1278:
1271:
1262:
1255:
1246:
1243:Noyon Cathedral
1240:
1192:
1186:
1145:
1143:Characteristics
1138:
1135:
1126:
1123:
1114:
1113:, begun in 1310
1108:
1099:
1096:
1087:
1084:
1075:
1072:Siena Cathedral
1068:
1047:Siena Cathedral
1042:
1035:
1029:
1020:
1014:
1005:
1002:
993:
992:, begun in 1292
987:
971:Sagrada Familia
950:
941:
912:
909:
900:
894:
858:
851:
844:
835:
834:, begun in 1248
828:
819:
818:, begun in 1245
812:
803:
802:, begun in 1277
796:
734:
727:
720:
711:
704:
695:
688:
679:
676:Wells Cathedral
672:
663:
656:
647:
637:
614:Wells Cathedral
568:
561:
558:
549:
546:
515:Sainte-Chapelle
512:
505:
498:
489:
486:Tours Cathedral
482:
470:Sainte-Chapelle
465:Tours Cathedral
457:
450:
447:
438:
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411:
404:
397:
388:
381:
372:
369:
339:Reims Cathedral
327:
320:
317:
308:
301:
278:
265:Sainte-Chapelle
253:
238:Decorated style
230:
207:Wells Cathedral
191:Medieval France
149:
143:
120:Wells Cathedral
86:Sainte-Chapelle
39:Sainte-Chapelle
37:Upper level of
28:
23:
22:
15:
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2545:Gothic Revival
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2306:External links
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1217:Classic Gothic
1213:Primary Gothic
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114:, and that of
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2739:
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2727:Stained glass
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2479:Romano-Gothic
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2417:Low Countries
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2089:, p. 40.
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2070:stained glass
2066:
2063:
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2046:
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2027:
2024:
2021:, p. 32.
2020:
2015:
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1746:
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1737:
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1725:
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1700:13th century
1696:
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1492:Blind tracery
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1412:Ely Cathedral
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1396:Ely Cathedral
1390:
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1359:
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1351:(1260–1320).
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978:
976:
972:
968:
964:
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959:the cathedral
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67:
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61:
57:
53:
49:
40:
35:
19:
2678:
2666:
2654:
2504:
2465:Brick Gothic
2298:
2281:
2262:
2243:
2231:
2224:
2207:
2183:
2173:
2163:Bibliography
2151:
2143:
2131:
2119:
2107:
2100:Baustilkunde
2099:
2094:
2082:
2073:
2065:
2053:. Retrieved
2039:
2031:
2026:
2014:
1986:. Retrieved
1981:
1972:
1964:
1963:L'Histoire,
1958:
1949:
1943:
1932:. Retrieved
1927:
1898:
1866:
1832:
1823:
1814:
1805:
1750:
1659:
1644:
1557:
1553:
1495:
1438:
1435:Rose windows
1349:York Minster
1333:
1318:
1308:
1302:
1290:
1286:
1206:
1193:
1185:
1178:
1170:rose windows
1166:
1146:
1043:
953:
915:
877:
870:
783:
777:
770:
735:
724:York Minster
708:York Minster
694:(after 1258)
625:York Minster
618:
598:
584:
579:
575:
569:
513:
458:
420:
412:
347:
343:
328:
305:Early Gothic
279:
254:
242:
234:rose windows
231:
219:
188:
181:
170:
145:
144:
132:
105:
98:
79:
71:rose windows
68:
47:
46:
2510:Sondergotik
2490:High Gothic
2136:Ducher 2014
2124:Ducher 2014
2087:Mignon 2015
2019:Mignon 2015
1568:Renaissance
1441:rose window
1414:(1321–1351)
1398:(1321–1351)
1309:bar-tracery
1183:increased.
1074:, 1215–1264
873:Reconquista
784:Hochgotisch
780:High Gothic
766:High Gothic
762:of Freiburg
690:Tracery of
678:(1329–1345)
662:(1256–1280)
646:(1298–1382)
580:Curvilinear
548:Upper level
488:(1236–1279)
173:rose window
166:High Gothic
75:bar tracery
64:bar tracery
56:High Gothic
2696:Categories
2495:Isabelline
2485:Flamboyant
2359:By country
1988:2020-09-06
1978:"Louis IX"
1934:2020-09-06
1924:"Gothique"
1895:Gothic art
1753:Flamboyant
1747:Transition
1668:, buds or
1653:, and the
1439:The great
1325:clerestory
1224:clerestory
1201:clerestory
1190:Elevations
1034:, eastward
1019:, westward
975:Modernisme
967:Catalonian
926:Flamboyant
350:Flamboyant
222:Flamboyant
177:clerestory
135:Flamboyant
2505:Rayonnant
2500:Manueline
2437:Catalonia
2412:Lithuania
2361:or region
2055:4 October
1736:pinnacles
1682:pinnacles
1550:Sculpture
1321:triforium
1273:Choir of
1257:Choir of
1209:triforium
1197:Triforium
830:Choir of
726:(1330–38)
710:(1338–39)
621:grisaille
576:Geometric
162:in France
146:Rayonnant
48:Rayonnant
2656:Category
2605:Gargoyle
2458:By style
2447:Valencia
2427:Portugal
2388:Southern
2049:Archived
1765:See also
1720:Crockets
1686:wimpergs
1651:pinnacle
1453:mullions
1220:basilica
1150:triforia
928:Gothic.
814:Nave of
758:of Basel
754:of Worms
750:of Mainz
399:Nave of
354:tympanum
261:Sorbonne
2722:Windows
2668:Commons
2637:Tracery
2630:Swedish
2620:English
2442:Levante
2378:England
2373:Czechia
2368:Belarus
2150:at the
2148:Crocket
2072:at the
1897:at the
1865:at the
1702:Fleuron
1678:finials
1670:flowers
1662:crocket
1647:fleuron
1542:Zutphen
1367:(1230s)
1305:tracery
1283:Windows
1181:tracery
1174:tracery
224:style.
195:England
141:Periods
137:style.
2680:Voyage
2625:French
2577:Poland
2572:Canada
2519:By use
2422:Poland
2405:Venice
2383:France
2316:Flickr
2288:
2269:
2250:
2214:
2195:
1684:, and
1674:spires
1666:leaves
1655:finial
1649:, the
1294:oculus
640:Lierne
529:, and
523:Aachen
213:, and
126:, and
2432:Spain
2400:Milan
2395:Italy
1211:of a
1040:Italy
856:Spain
782:(GE:
307:below
286:Suger
189:From
2286:ISBN
2267:ISBN
2248:ISBN
2212:ISBN
2193:ISBN
2057:2018
1447:and
1337:ogee
527:Riom
280:The
228:Name
2314:in
1631:by
1215:or
1152:of
786:).
2698::
2191:.
2187:.
2171:,
2047:.
1997:^
1980:.
1926:.
1907:^
1875:^
1841:^
1738:,
1688:.
1680:,
1676:,
1164:.
768:.
525:,
472:.
168:.
2532:)
2528:(
2481:)
2477:(
2471:)
2467:(
2344:e
2337:t
2330:v
2294:.
2275:.
2256:.
2238:)
2220:.
2201:.
2059:.
1991:.
1937:.
148:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
