603:
425:), Chazal had also the authority to decree restrictions and to enact new religious regulations, in any matter they saw fit, concerning issues that were not included in the written Torah, or were not delivered at Mount Sinai. These rabbinical
212:
116:
2543:
578:
2425:
278:) of sages from consecutive generations, who lived during a period of around 100 years towards the end of the Second Temple era. (142
1383:
774:
109:
490:
825:
637:
379:(Torah study places) in Babylon from the end of the era of the Amoraim (5th century) and until the beginning of the era of the
341:
who were active during the end of the era of the sealing of the
Mishnah, and until the times of the sealing of the Talmud (220
1128:
810:
102:
1561:
856:
397:
538:
582:
1098:
2225:
1475:
1828:
881:
393:
2418:
2123:
1915:
1732:
1169:
586:
450:
204:
2179:
1376:
1219:
767:
1088:
207:
205:
1702:
1470:
1340:
1305:
1254:
1058:
1033:
1028:
967:
937:
886:
694:
510:
392:
Until the end of the
Savoraim era, Chazal had the authority to comment on the Torah according to the
253:
161:
2368:
2174:
2108:
2103:
1910:
1642:
1511:
1496:
1440:
1249:
1209:
1148:
1143:
1013:
947:
932:
906:
866:
630:
208:
209:
2077:
1955:
1813:
1747:
1712:
1350:
1335:
1295:
1290:
1184:
1138:
1133:
1113:
1063:
1038:
861:
851:
820:
740:
704:
665:
318:
1752:
1727:
206:
400:, sometimes even expounding a word or phrase outside its plain and ordinary sense. Nowadays in
2538:
2452:
2411:
2184:
2051:
2021:
2001:
1843:
1742:
1627:
1506:
1501:
1300:
1234:
1204:
1123:
1078:
1068:
1018:
942:
901:
896:
830:
689:
354:
249:
31:
2463:
2388:
2352:
2337:
2128:
2036:
2016:
1905:
1823:
1677:
1672:
1602:
1531:
1369:
1330:
1285:
1239:
1224:
1179:
1118:
1048:
1023:
952:
800:
760:
731:
709:
699:
401:
358:
326:
517: "Chachameinu Zichronam Livracha", meaning "Our Sages, may their memory be blessed".
463:(liminal gateways), and the institution of the current schedule of daily prayer services โ
219:
Chazal are generally divided according to their era and the main writing done in that era:
210:
2533:
2306:
2270:
2260:
2240:
2204:
2199:
2113:
2056:
1853:
1848:
1838:
1793:
1788:
1737:
1722:
1707:
1667:
1657:
1551:
1546:
1516:
1450:
1445:
1435:
1425:
1345:
1043:
977:
972:
876:
684:
660:
263:
137:
565:
2468:
2383:
2316:
2265:
2209:
2194:
2169:
2046:
1778:
1697:
1637:
1607:
1536:
1406:
1320:
1310:
1280:
1244:
1214:
1189:
1174:
1153:
1108:
1073:
1003:
911:
714:
623:
306:
239:
602:
2527:
2511:
2311:
2159:
2154:
2026:
1980:
1884:
1879:
1833:
1803:
1682:
1652:
1612:
1541:
1526:
1521:
1455:
1325:
1270:
1008:
891:
871:
362:
2494:
2301:
2149:
2118:
2061:
2011:
1757:
1717:
1465:
1430:
1420:
1083:
998:
957:
815:
725:
375:
404:, this authority is not delegated to the current generation's sages, and thus the
2448:
2378:
2347:
2098:
2083:
1949:
1798:
1687:
1582:
1460:
1315:
993:
962:
927:
322:
244:
165:
2189:
2093:
2041:
2031:
2006:
1874:
1818:
1592:
1587:
1275:
1194:
607:
477:
2373:
2342:
2332:
2255:
2245:
2164:
1970:
1965:
1869:
1783:
1773:
1662:
1229:
1103:
465:
418:
90:
539:"Divinity and Humanity: What the Jewish Sages Thought About the Oral Torah"
2434:
2291:
2286:
2235:
2230:
1996:
1975:
1960:
1900:
1491:
846:
719:
436:
369:
349:
CE). The
Amoraim sages were active in two areas, the Land of Israel, and
85:
73:
2490:
2296:
2088:
1935:
1647:
1392:
1198:
1093:
1053:
805:
783:
736:
446:
441:
427:
422:
410:
350:
333:
314:
302:
297:
258:
224:
188:
153:
149:
145:
68:
63:
35:
2484:
2250:
1808:
1692:
1632:
1597:
1556:
471:
380:
338:
313:
CE. In addition to the
Mishnah, their writings were preserved in the
157:
80:
17:
2144:
1622:
1617:
1566:
792:
675:
646:
432:
405:
383:(from the end of the 6th century or the midst of the 7th century).
270:
234:
58:
2458:
459:
229:
2407:
1932:
1403:
1365:
756:
619:
203:
615:
2403:
1361:
752:
414:("Jewish Law"), if it contradicts Chazal's commentary.
417:
Until the middle of the
Tannaim era, when there was a
408:
can not be commentated on, in matters concerning the
361:, their writings were preserved in midrashs such as
2504:
2477:
2441:
2361:
2325:
2279:
2218:
2137:
2070:
1989:
1942:
1893:
1862:
1766:
1575:
1484:
1413:
1263:
1162:
986:
920:
839:
790:
674:
653:
27:
Jewish sages of the Mishna, Tosefta and Talmud eras
191:(Jewish law) and less regarding Jewish theology.
566:"ืื ืฆืืงืืืคืืื ืืืืืืช ืืขืช - ืชืืจื ืฉืืขื ืคื - ืชืงืืคืืช"
160:eras, spanning from the final 300 years of the
2419:
1377:
768:
631:
187:. Their authority was mostly in the field of
110:
8:
457:) before eating bread, the construction of
262:("traditions") era, including the times of
2426:
2412:
2404:
1929:
1400:
1384:
1370:
1362:
775:
761:
753:
638:
624:
616:
228:("scribes"): Sages from before the era of
117:
103:
42:
431:("commandments") include the holidays of
317:. Key figures among the Tannaim include
530:
502:
45:
560:
558:
7:
195:Rabbinical eras; eras of the Halakha
141:
2326:Seventh Generation (until 465 CE):
25:
2362:Eighth Generation (until 500 CE):
2138:Fourth Generation (until 340 CE):
1990:Second Generation (until 280 CE):
1767:Fourth Generation (until 340 CE):
1485:Second Generation (until 280 CE):
337:("expounders"): The sages of the
30:For the 20th-century writer, see
2280:Sixth Generation (until 430 CE):
2219:Fifth Generation (until 380 CE):
2071:Third Generation (until 310 CE):
1943:First Generation (until 250 CE):
1894:Sixth Generation (until 410 CE):
1863:Fifth Generation (until 380 CE):
1576:Third Generation (until 310 CE):
1414:First Generation (until 250 CE):
601:
491:Jewish commentaries on the Bible
2544:Talmud concepts and terminology
826:Hananiah ben Hezekiah ben Garon
301:("teachers"): The sages of the
34:. For the village in Iran, see
242:. This era stretches from the
238:era, including the men of the
1:
606:The dictionary definition of
451:ritual washing of one's hands
283:
169:
1129:Eleazar ben Judah of Bartota
811:Houses of Hillel and Shammai
373:("reasoners"): The sages of
2514:(head of Pumbedita Academy)
2487:(head of Pumbedita Academy)
2129:Rav Shmuel bar Rav Yitzchak
1562:Hillel, son of Gamaliel III
857:Ishmael ben Elisha ha-Kohen
398:Law given to Moses at Sinai
2560:
583:Halakhah le-Moshe mi-Sinai
396:standards required by the
29:
1928:
1399:
1099:Haninah ben Ahi R. Joshua
514:
387:
250:Moses receiving the Torah
2226:Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak
2052:Raba Bar Jeremiah (Abba)
1476:Simeon ben Judah ha-Nasi
475:(afternoon prayer), and
1829:Abba bar Hiyya bar Abba
882:Hanina Segan ha-Kohanim
445:("set-aside items") on
394:Talmudical hermeneutics
345:CE – 500
274:("pairs"): Five pairs (
2124:Rav Shmuel bar Yehudah
1916:Samuel b. Jose b. Boon
1901:Judah IV (Nesi'ah III)
1774:Judah III (Nesi'ah II)
1733:Shila of Kefar Tamarta
1271:Judah haNasi (Judah I)
1170:Simeon ben Gamaliel II
852:Shimon ben Gamliel (I)
587:Jewish Virtual Library
248:("giving of the Law";
2180:Hiyya b. Abin Naggara
847:Gamaliel I, the Elder
353:. In addition to the
282:BCE –
1703:Tachlifa of the West
1492:Judah II (Nesi'ah I)
1471:Simeon ben Jehozadak
1341:Yadua the Babylonian
1306:Symmachus ben Joseph
1255:Eliezer ben Jacob II
1059:Hanina ben Antigonus
1034:Eleazar ben Perata I
1029:Haninah ben Teradion
968:Akabia ben Mahalalel
938:Eliezer ben Hurcanus
887:Abba Saul ben Batnit
695:Joshua ben Perachiah
581:(Hebrew wikipedia);
254:Biblical Mount Sinai
162:Second Temple period
2175:Idi b. Abin Naggara
2109:Rabbah bar Rav Huna
2104:Rav Yosef bar Hiyya
1911:Hanina of Sepphoris
1643:Rabbah bar bar Hana
1497:Johanan bar Nappaha
1441:Epes the Southerner
1250:Hananiah ben Akavia
1210:Eleazar ben Shammua
1149:Abba Jose ben Hanan
1144:Simeon the Yemenite
1014:Eleazar ben Azariah
948:Nehunya ben HaKanah
933:Joshua ben Hananiah
907:Eliezer ben Jacob I
867:Jonathan ben Uzziel
791:Last Generation of
515:ืืืืื ื ืืืจืื ื ืืืจืื
305:, who lived in the
2078:Rabbah bar Nahmani
1956:Samuel of Nehardea
1814:Isaac ben Eliashiv
1748:Kahana bar Tahlifa
1713:Luliani ben Tabrin
1351:Abba Kohen Bardela
1336:Simeon ben Menasya
1296:Simeon ben Eleazar
1291:Eleazar ben Simeon
1185:Shimon ben Halafta
1139:Hanan the Egyptian
1134:Matteya ben Heresh
1114:Jeshbab the Scribe
1089:Eleazar of Modi'im
1064:Hanina ben Hakinai
1039:Johanan ben Baroka
862:Yohanan ben Zakkai
705:Simeon ben Shetach
666:Antigonus of Sokho
481:(evening prayer).
469:(morning prayer),
388:Chazal's authority
319:Yohanan ben Zakkai
2521:
2520:
2478:Second Generation
2453:Pumbedita Academy
2401:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2185:Mar son of Ravina
2022:Jeremiah bar Abba
2002:Judah bar Ezekiel
1924:
1923:
1844:Pedat ben Eleazar
1628:Samuel ben Nahman
1507:Eleazar ben Pedat
1502:Shimon ben Lakish
1359:
1358:
1301:Eleazar ha-Kappar
1235:Johanan HaSandlar
1205:Shimon bar Yochai
1163:Fourth Generation
1124:Johanan ben Torta
1079:Elisha ben Abuyah
1069:Yochanan ben Nuri
1019:Jose the Galilean
943:Eleazar ben Arach
921:Second Generation
902:Judah ben Bathyra
897:Dosa ben Harkinas
831:Simeon ben Hillel
750:
749:
690:Jose ben Jochanan
579:"ืืืื ืืืฉื ืืกืื ื"
421:(a High Court of
355:Babylonian Talmud
217:
216:
127:
126:
32:Malcolm de Chazal
16:(Redirected from
2551:
2505:Third Generation
2464:Samuel b. Abbahu
2442:First Generation
2428:
2421:
2414:
2405:
2389:Samuel b. Abbahu
2369:Rabbah Tosafa'ah
2353:Judah b. Meremar
2338:Mar bar Rav Ashi
2037:Hiyya bar Joseph
2017:Rabbah bar Abuha
1930:
1906:Tanhuma bar Abba
1824:Hasa of Eshtemoa
1678:Jose of Yokereth
1673:Hanina ben Pappa
1401:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1363:
1286:Ishmael ben Jose
1264:Fifth Generation
1240:Pinchas ben Yair
1225:Joshua ben Karha
1180:Jose ben Halafta
1119:Aquila of Sinope
1049:Simeon ben Azzai
1024:Eliezer ben Jose
987:Third Generation
953:Nachum Ish Gamzu
840:First Generation
801:Hillel the Elder
777:
770:
763:
754:
710:Judah ben Tabbai
700:Nittai of Arbela
640:
633:
626:
617:
605:
589:
576:
570:
569:
562:
553:
552:
550:
549:
535:
518:
516:
507:
359:Jerusalem Talmud
348:
344:
312:
292:
290:
285:
281:
199:
198:
186:
184:
178:
176:
171:
143:
119:
112:
105:
43:
21:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2500:
2473:
2437:
2432:
2402:
2393:
2357:
2321:
2307:Huna bar Nathan
2275:
2271:Bevai bar Abaye
2261:Rav Mesharshiya
2241:Huna ben Joshua
2214:
2205:Mari bar Rachel
2200:Rabbah b. Shela
2133:
2114:Joseph bar Hama
2066:
2057:Adda bar Ahavah
1985:
1938:
1920:
1889:
1858:
1854:Acha bar Hanina
1849:Abba bar Pappai
1839:Abba bar Zemina
1794:Jose bar Zevida
1789:Rabbi Berekhiah
1762:
1738:Anani ben Sason
1723:Shimon ben Pazi
1708:Avdimi of Haifa
1668:Hanina bar Papi
1658:Abba bar Kahana
1571:
1552:Shimon bar Abba
1547:Hama bar Hanina
1517:Jose bar Hanina
1480:
1451:Hanina bar Hama
1446:Joshua ben Levi
1436:Hoshaiah Rabbah
1409:
1395:
1390:
1360:
1355:
1346:Joshua ben Levi
1259:
1158:
1044:Simeon ben Zoma
982:
978:Shmuel ha-Katan
973:Simeon HaPakoli
916:
877:Hanina ben Dosa
835:
786:
781:
751:
746:
685:Jose ben Joezer
670:
661:Simeon the Just
649:
644:
598:
593:
592:
577:
573:
564:
563:
556:
547:
545:
537:
536:
532:
527:
522:
521:
508:
504:
499:
487:
455:netilat yadayim
390:
346:
342:
310:
288:
286:
279:
264:Simeon the Just
230:Ezra the scribe
213:
211:
197:
182:
180:
174:
172:
123:
46:Rabbinical eras
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2557:
2555:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2526:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2488:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2469:Rav Rahumi III
2466:
2461:
2456:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2408:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2384:Rav Rahumi III
2381:
2376:
2371:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2317:Sama bar Raqta
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2266:Hanina of Sura
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2210:Acha Bar Yosef
2207:
2202:
2197:
2195:Isaac b. Judah
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2170:Rav Kahana III
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2047:Hiyya bar Ashi
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1933:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1779:Jeremiah (III)
1776:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1698:Abba bar Memel
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1638:Hiyya bar Abba
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1608:Rabbi Yitzchak
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1537:Judah b. Hiyya
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1404:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1366:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1321:Jose ben Zimra
1318:
1313:
1311:Issi ben Judah
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1281:Jose ben Judah
1278:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1245:Simeon Shezuri
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1215:Rabbi Nehemiah
1212:
1207:
1202:
1192:
1190:Rabbi Jonathan
1187:
1182:
1177:
1175:Judah bar Ilai
1172:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1154:Judah ben Dama
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1109:Jose ben Kisma
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1074:Eleazar Chisma
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1004:Judah ben Bava
1001:
996:
990:
988:
984:
983:
981:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
924:
922:
918:
917:
915:
914:
912:Nahum the Mede
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
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2119:Ammi b. Abba
2012:Hamnuna Saba
1758:Abin Naggara
1718:Abba of Acre
1466:Jeremiah (I)
1431:Rabbi Yannai
1421:Gamaliel III
1407:Eretz Israel
1220:Rabbi Nathan
1084:Rabbi Ilai I
999:Rabbi Tarfon
958:Abba Hilkiah
816:Bnei Bathyra
726:Bnei Bathyra
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2379:Rabbah Jose
2348:Aha b. Rava
2099:Hamnuna III
2084:Rav Nachman
1950:Abba Arikha
1934:Amoraim of
1799:Rabbi Jonah
1688:Hoshaiah II
1583:Gamaliel IV
1461:Bar Kappara
1405:Amoraim of
1316:Bar Kappara
994:Rabbi Akiva
963:Rabbi Zadok
928:Gamaliel II
323:Rabbi Akiva
245:Matan Torah
166:7th century
2528:Categories
2190:Rav Shizbi
2094:Rav Chisda
2042:Rav Giddel
2032:Rav Berona
2007:Hamnuna II
1875:Gamaliel V
1819:Rabbi Aibu
1593:Rabbi Assi
1588:Rabbi Ammi
1276:Huna Kamma
1197:(and wife
1195:Rabbi Meir
548:2024-07-13
525:References
423:Jewish law
256:), to the
232:until the
181: 625
179: โ c.
173: 250
164:until the
144:) are the
2493:(head of
2451:(head of
2374:Ravina II
2343:Rafram II
2333:Rav Yemar
2256:Mar Zutra
2246:Rav Zevid
2165:Rav Safra
1971:Rav Shela
1870:Hillel II
1784:Rabbi Aha
1743:Alexandri
1663:Rav Avira
1230:Abba Saul
1104:Abtolemus
793:Zugot Era
647:Zugot Era
497:Footnotes
466:shacharit
419:Sanhedrin
402:Orthodoxy
309:until 220
287: 40
91:Acharonim
2539:Acronyms
2435:Savoraim
2292:Ravina I
2287:Rav Ashi
2236:Rav Papi
2231:Rav Papa
2080:(Rabbah)
1997:Rav Huna
1976:Rav Assi
1961:Mar Ukva
1532:Hezekiah
1426:R. Hiyya
720:Abtalion
485:See also
437:Hanukkah
370:Savoraim
357:and the
158:Talmudic
154:Toseftic
150:Mishnaic
86:Rishonim
74:Savoraim
2491:Rav Ena
2297:Maremar
2089:Sheshet
1936:Babylon
1728:Me'asha
1648:Levi II
1393:Amoraim
1199:Bruriah
1094:Halafta
1054:Onkelos
821:Menahem
806:Shammai
784:Tannaim
741:Menahem
737:Shammai
543:18Forty
511:acronym
478:ma'ariv
447:Shabbat
442:muktzeh
428:mitzvot
411:halakha
351:Babylon
334:Amoraim
315:Midrash
303:Mishnah
298:Tannaim
259:Halakha
225:Soferim
189:Halakha
69:Amoraim
64:Tannaim
36:Chahzal
2534:Chazal
2485:Simuna
2251:Amemar
1809:Zerika
1693:Hanina
1633:Abin I
1598:Abbahu
1557:Simlai
732:Hillel
715:Shmaya
609:Chazal
472:mincha
460:eruvim
449:, the
381:Geonim
347:
343:
339:Talmud
325:, and
311:
289:
280:
183:
175:
146:Jewish
138:Hebrew
130:Chazal
81:Geonim
54:Chazal
2145:Abaye
1966:Karna
1952:(Rav)
1834:Rabin
1623:Helbo
1618:Zeira
1567:Zeiri
892:Admon
676:Zugot
433:Purim
406:Torah
276:zugot
271:Zugot
235:Zugot
168:, or
134:แธคazal
59:Zugot
18:Razal
2459:Ahai
2150:Rava
2062:Anan
1603:Ulla
513:for
435:and
156:and
142:ืืืดื
509:An
291:BCE
252:on
177:BCE
132:or
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557:^
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284:c.
185:CE
170:c.
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