Knowledge (XXG)

Recognition of same-sex unions in Indonesia

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1222:, anything that conflicted with the state ideology was considered foreign and a threat to Indonesian moral values and culture. The current generation is living with the legacy of this idea. We were educated to think that culture is fixed, that differences are threatening and alien, never mind the multiple interactions across cultures now possible in a globalised world. The democratic era has also provided more space for religious fundamentalism, which was strongly suppressed by the military regime. The dogmatic interpretations of religion presented by fundamentalist groups reinforce this idea of a static, unchanging culture." 1233:, arguing that "such a ceremony violated the law and caused discomfort among local residents". In May 2024, pictures shared online of a double marriage ceremony in Wonosobo with both grooms sitting next to each other were misconstrued as being a same-sex marriage. The pictures led to an "explosion" of homophobic rhetoric on social media despite the fact that the ceremony consisted of two sisters marrying their male partners. That same month, a same-sex couple was married in 1007: 2186: 2196: 830: 1145:
is "a physical and spiritual bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife, having the purpose of establishing a happy and lasting family founded on the Belief in God Almighty". Moreover, article 2 states that a marriage is only lawful if it is performed in accordance with the laws of the
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by having one of the partners dress as a woman. The Regional Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs requested that the marriage be anulled after discovering that both spouses were men, arguing that the ceremony "violate religious and cultural sharia of the community".
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supported same-sex marriage (3% "strongly" and 2% "somewhat"), while 92% opposed (88% "strongly" and 4% "somewhat") and 3% were undecided or did not answer. This level of support was the lowest among the six
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Registered foreign marriages confer all marriage rights. Domestic common-law marriages confer most rights of marriage. Domestic civil marriage recognized by some cities.
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obliges all marriages to be reported to the local authorities within 60 days, and states that "'marriage' can only be performed between a man and a woman".
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perspective being performed in pre-modern Indonesian cultures, there is evidence for identities and behaviours that may be placed on the LGBT spectrum. A
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Recognition of a "declaration of family relationship", which may be useful in matters such as housing, but they are not legally binding.
656: 575: 560: 2115: 951:", he was allowed to have a young boy, usually between 8 and 16 years of age, to serve him sexually and play a part in the dance. The 154: 2125: 2225: 2070: 2035: 1990: 1398: 199: 31: 1955: 1850: 2080: 2055: 1970: 1900: 1870: 2045: 214: 179: 2110: 2015: 1995: 1985: 2000: 1980: 1865: 159: 99: 1965: 1945: 1880: 1523: 2171: 2090: 2050: 2025: 64: 59: 2010: 1975: 1930: 1925: 851: 515: 194: 189: 94: 1719: 353: 239: 144: 134: 124: 119: 114: 109: 74: 69: 54: 1679: 550: 219: 209: 184: 169: 139: 129: 84: 79: 741: 721:
Guardianship agreements, conferring some limited legal benefits, including decisions about medical and personal care.
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sometimes dressed in female clothing, often hailed from a poor rural family and also did domestic chores for the
767: 696: 429: 379: 104: 1842: 1818: 1299: 844: 1661: 1586:"Vatikan Larang Pernikahan Sejenis Ketika Paus Dukung Persatuan Sipil, Bagaimana Katolik Melihat Homoseksual?" 882:. Marriage laws forbid same-sex marriages and prevent the registration of marriages validly performed abroad. 1175:), which would offer a subset of the rights and benefits of marriage, are also not recognized in Indonesia. 964: 779:
Marriages conducted abroad between a Namibian national and a foreign spouse recognized for residency rights.
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and their culture has traditionally viewed gender as existing on a spectrum, even after conversion to
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Every person shall have the right to establish a family and to procreate based upon lawful marriage.
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abroad are not allowed to register their marriage in Indonesia. Additionally, article 34(1) of the
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profile pictures with rainbow filters. This caused political backslash and controversy, with the
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Inheritance, guardianship rights, and residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents.
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Setiap orang berhak membentuk keluarga dan melanjutkan keturunan melalui perkawinan yang sah.
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dance. Since heterosexual relations with women were regarded as "sapping the strength of the
1435: 1427: 691: 1572: 1226: 937:) during a period of sexual abstinence or during a heterosexual marriage. The role of the 924: 1803: 1006: 1267: 1171: 994:) is a person who "combines aspects of all genders to form a whole", often acting as a 1039: Legislation establishing same-sex marriage, but marriage is not yet provided for 2214: 2189: 1195: 897: 1238: 1230: 879: 834: 753: 1210:, responding that Indonesia "could not accept" same-sex marriage. Writing for the 1146:
religions of the respective parties. Meanwhile, Indonesians who have entered into
2199: 1262: 1155: 747: 271: 1508: 1465:"What we can learn from an Indonesian ethnicity that recognizes five genders" 1283: 995: 871: 1680:"Double marriage ceremony misconstrued as 'same-sex wedding in Indonesia'" 1287: 1279: 1275: 1199: 1198:, posted celebratory messages on social media and many highlighted their 1142: 990: 919: 699:
obliges the state to provide residency rights for the foreign spouses of
1493:. Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology. Thomson Wadsworth. p. xi. 1449: 1271: 1225:
In 2016, police stopped a same-sex marriage ceremony from occurring in
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While there are no records of same-sex marriages as understood from a
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Evans, Johnathan; Jo Starr, Kelsey; Corichi, Manolo; Miner, William.
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International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
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does not address same-sex marriage explicitly. Article 28B states:
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Hospital visitation rights through a "legal representative" status.
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Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2006 tentang Administrasi Kependudukan
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Kartomi, Margaret J. (1976). "Performance, Music, and Meaning of
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Challenging Gender Norms: Five Genders Among Bugis in Indonesia
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Keabsahan Perkawinan Pasangan WNI Sesama Jenis di Luar Negeri
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in such cases, but the rights of marriage are not guaranteed.
385: 278: 1069: Restrictions of association with arrests or detention 1632:"Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945" 1063: Restrictions on freedom of expression, not enforced 1393:. Oxfordshire: Interdisciplinary Press. pp. 69–78. 1563:, Hukum Online, 6 June 2013, retrieved 22 January 2018. 1345: 1331: 1045: Legal guardianships or unregistered cohabitation 1764:"Across Asia, views of same-sex marriage vary widely" 1704:(in Indonesian). Ternate. 18 May 2024. Archived from 1604:"The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia" 1051: Limited foreign recognition (residency rights) 2139: 2099: 1841: 1762:Gubbala, Sneha; Miner, William (27 November 2023). 1745:"How people in 24 countries view same-sex marriage" 1720:"ILGA/RIWI Global Attitudes Survey on LGBTI People" 604:Performed in the Netherlands proper (including the 2221:Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia by country 1139:Undang-undang No. 1 Tahun 1994 Tentang Perkawinan 1666:Indonesia at Melbourne – University of Melbourne 886:Historical recognition of same-sex relationships 1184: 972: 932: 536:Recognition of same-sex unions in the Americas 1819: 1111: 852: 8: 1526:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation News. 1194:in June 2015, proponents, including singer 1826: 1812: 1804: 1152:Law No. 23 of 2006 on Civil Administration 1118: 1104: 1090: Death penalty on books, not enforced 859: 845: 17: 1439: 541:Recognition of same-sex unions in Oceania 1592:(in Indonesian). Jakarta. 17 March 2021. 1057: No recognition of same-sex couples 811: 809: 667: 665: 638:Neither performed nor recognized in six 531:Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe 521:Recognition of same-sex unions in Africa 1835:Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia 1377: 1316: 805: 594: 28: 1463:Davies, Sharyn Graham (17 June 2016). 1305:Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia 1192:same-sex marriage in the United States 989: 526:Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia 1530:from the original on 27 February 2019 1522:Ibrahim, Farid M (27 February 2019). 1170: 918: 600: 598: 7: 1011:Laws regarding homosexuality in Asia 685: 683: 681: 679: 677: 651:Neither performed nor recognized in 625:Neither performed nor recognized in 403:  • 68 communes 1250:An online polling conducted by the 770:, but they are not legally binding. 576:LGBT rights by country or territory 1214:blog, Hendri Yulius wrote, "Under 766:Some cities and prefectures issue 627:Niue, Tokelau, or the Cook Islands 14: 797:Spousal health insurance benefits 2194: 2185: 2184: 1662:"Same-sex marriage in Indonesia" 1072:Same-sex sexual activity illegal 828: 274:or registered partnerships legal 1660:Yulius, Hendri (10 July 2015). 1033: Other type of partnership 2152:British Indian Ocean Territory 1549:Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 1974 1489:Graham Davies, Sharyn (2006). 1190:Following the legalization of 1015:Same-sex sexual activity legal 1: 1389:. In Ramello, Stefano (ed.). 1204:Minister of Religious Affairs 1131:Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage 516:Timeline of same-sex marriage 1575:, retrieved 22 January 2018. 1551:, retrieved 22 January 2018. 1099: 1096: Enforced death penalty 640:British Overseas Territories 1385:Izharuddin, Alicia (2011). 1346: 1332: 1172:[pərsaˈtu.anˈsipɪl] 551:Divorce of same-sex couples 2242: 1078: Prison, not enforced 982: 927:boy kept by an older man ( 892:Homosexuality in Indonesia 889: 511:Same-sex union court cases 506:Same-sex union legislation 2180: 1341: 1327: 1270:countries polled, behind 1180:Constitution of Indonesia 1027: Marriage recognized 933: 911: 697:European Court of Justice 458:  •  428:  •  412:  •  358:  •  352:  •  2226:LGBT rights in Indonesia 1901:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 1300:LGBT rights in Indonesia 1021: Marriage performed 768:partnership certificates 270:Marriage not legal, but 2162:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1261:poll showed that 5% of 973: 971:in the 17th century. A 941:is closely tied to the 739:Courts have recognised 612:. May be registered in 1362: 1212:Indonesia at Melbourne 1208:Lukman Hakim Saifuddin 1188: 1163: 1138: 1126: 546:Marriage privatization 1009: 965:five separate genders 606:Caribbean Netherlands 2076:United Arab Emirates 1391:Fascination of Queer 1257:A February–May 2023 920:[ɡ̊əmˈb̥lak] 556:Domestic partnership 2103:limited recognition 1787:Pew Research Center 1768:Pew Research Center 1749:Pew Research Center 1259:Pew Research Center 874:does not recognise 653:some tribal nations 571:Listings by country 380:Minimal recognition 1725:. ILGA. p. 58 1611:jdih.bapeten.go.id 1590:Voice of Indonesia 1148:same-sex marriages 1127: 815:Not yet in effect. 23:LGBT rights series 2208: 2207: 2145:other territories 1500:978-0-495-09280-3 1235:Central Halmahera 1129:Article 1 of the 876:same-sex marriage 869: 868: 610:Aruba and Curaçao 608:), as well as in 489: 488: 430:472 jurisdictions 369: 368: 2233: 2198: 2188: 2187: 2157:Christmas Island 1843:Sovereign states 1828: 1821: 1814: 1805: 1798: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1778: 1772: 1771: 1759: 1753: 1752: 1741: 1735: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1724: 1716: 1710: 1709: 1708:on 11 June 2024. 1694: 1688: 1687: 1676: 1670: 1669: 1657: 1651: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1636: 1628: 1622: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1608: 1600: 1594: 1593: 1582: 1576: 1570: 1564: 1558: 1552: 1546: 1540: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1519: 1513: 1512: 1486: 1480: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1469:The Conversation 1460: 1454: 1453: 1443: 1411: 1405: 1404: 1382: 1365: 1356: 1350: 1349: 1343: 1335: 1329: 1321: 1174: 1169: 1120: 1113: 1106: 1095: 1089: 1083: 1077: 1068: 1062: 1056: 1050: 1044: 1038: 1032: 1026: 1020: 993: 991:[ˈbusːi] 988: 984: 976: 936: 935: 922: 917: 913: 861: 854: 847: 835:LGBTQ portal 833: 832: 831: 816: 813: 798: 795: 789: 786: 780: 777: 771: 764: 758: 737: 731: 728: 722: 719: 713: 710: 704: 692:Coman v. 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Index

LGBT rights series
Legal status of
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