1222:, anything that conflicted with the state ideology was considered foreign and a threat to Indonesian moral values and culture. The current generation is living with the legacy of this idea. We were educated to think that culture is fixed, that differences are threatening and alien, never mind the multiple interactions across cultures now possible in a globalised world. The democratic era has also provided more space for religious fundamentalism, which was strongly suppressed by the military regime. The dogmatic interpretations of religion presented by fundamentalist groups reinforce this idea of a static, unchanging culture."
1233:, arguing that "such a ceremony violated the law and caused discomfort among local residents". In May 2024, pictures shared online of a double marriage ceremony in Wonosobo with both grooms sitting next to each other were misconstrued as being a same-sex marriage. The pictures led to an "explosion" of homophobic rhetoric on social media despite the fact that the ceremony consisted of two sisters marrying their male partners. That same month, a same-sex couple was married in
1007:
2186:
2196:
830:
1145:
is "a physical and spiritual bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife, having the purpose of establishing a happy and lasting family founded on the Belief in God
Almighty". Moreover, article 2 states that a marriage is only lawful if it is performed in accordance with the laws of the
1241:
by having one of the partners dress as a woman. The
Regional Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs requested that the marriage be anulled after discovering that both spouses were men, arguing that the ceremony "violate religious and cultural sharia of the community".
2151:
1251:
639:
1265:
supported same-sex marriage (3% "strongly" and 2% "somewhat"), while 92% opposed (88% "strongly" and 4% "somewhat") and 3% were undecided or did not answer. This level of support was the lowest among the six
2161:
2220:
652:
1697:
613:
609:
459:
605:
570:
1117:
300:
1910:
2156:
2020:
1585:
1527:
671:
Registered foreign marriages confer all marriage rights. Domestic common-law marriages confer most rights of marriage. Domestic civil marriage recognized by some cities.
535:
1960:
479:
1950:
1860:
341:
336:
149:
1154:
obliges all marriages to be reported to the local authorities within 60 days, and states that "'marriage' can only be performed between a man and a woman".
2166:
2040:
434:
413:
900:
perspective being performed in pre-modern
Indonesian cultures, there is evidence for identities and behaviours that may be placed on the LGBT spectrum. A
2060:
1885:
1560:
474:
397:
392:
224:
2085:
1855:
1203:
858:
540:
469:
445:
305:
290:
285:
2130:
2065:
2030:
1935:
1895:
1875:
1110:
530:
520:
464:
331:
326:
315:
295:
255:
2100:
2005:
1940:
1915:
1905:
1890:
423:
418:
406:
359:
346:
310:
229:
2075:
1464:
1254:(ILGA) in October 2016 found that 69% respondents were against the legalization of same-sex marriage, while 14% supported and 17% were neutral.
1834:
1304:
1191:
525:
234:
2120:
1705:
1498:
1825:
174:
1763:
959:. This granted him and his family great social prestige. Today, this custom is strongly discouraged by Muslim religious authorities. The
1744:
1103:
712:
Recognition of a "declaration of family relationship", which may be useful in matters such as housing, but they are not legally binding.
656:
575:
560:
2115:
951:", he was allowed to have a young boy, usually between 8 and 16 years of age, to serve him sexually and play a part in the dance. The
154:
2125:
2225:
2070:
2035:
1990:
1398:
199:
31:
1955:
1850:
2080:
2055:
1970:
1900:
1870:
2045:
214:
179:
2110:
2015:
1995:
1985:
2000:
1980:
1865:
159:
99:
1965:
1945:
1880:
1523:
2171:
2090:
2050:
2025:
64:
59:
2010:
1975:
1930:
1925:
851:
515:
194:
189:
94:
1719:
353:
239:
144:
134:
124:
119:
114:
109:
74:
69:
54:
1679:
550:
219:
209:
184:
169:
139:
129:
84:
79:
741:
721:
Guardianship agreements, conferring some limited legal benefits, including decisions about medical and personal care.
891:
700:
510:
505:
450:
204:
164:
89:
1234:
1179:
955:
sometimes dressed in female clothing, often hailed from a poor rural family and also did domestic chores for the
767:
696:
429:
379:
104:
1842:
1818:
1299:
844:
1661:
1586:"Vatikan Larang Pernikahan Sejenis Ketika Paus Dukung Persatuan Sipil, Bagaimana Katolik Melihat Homoseksual?"
882:. Marriage laws forbid same-sex marriages and prevent the registration of marriages validly performed abroad.
1175:), which would offer a subset of the rights and benefits of marriage, are also not recognized in Indonesia.
964:
779:
Marriages conducted abroad between a
Namibian national and a foreign spouse recognized for residency rights.
1782:
1207:
545:
1219:
967:
and their culture has traditionally viewed gender as existing on a spectrum, even after conversion to
1548:
626:
555:
22:
1186:
Every person shall have the right to establish a family and to procreate based upon lawful marriage.
2140:
1811:
1603:
1358:
1258:
1159:
1150:
abroad are not allowed to register their marriage in
Indonesia. Additionally, article 34(1) of the
1134:
2195:
1631:
1445:
1387:"Melancholic Masculinity and Representations of Traditional Homoeroticism in an Indonesian Novel"
1337:
1202:
profile pictures with rainbow filters. This caused political backslash and controversy, with the
1524:"Homophobia and rising Islamic intolerance push Indonesia's intersex bissu priests to the brink"
1504:
1494:
1394:
1323:
1147:
978:
907:
875:
730:
Inheritance, guardianship rights, and residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents.
565:
44:
1386:
1363:
Setiap orang berhak membentuk keluarga dan melanjutkan keturunan melalui perkawinan yang sah.
947:
dance. Since heterosexual relations with women were regarded as "sapping the strength of the
1435:
1427:
691:
1572:
1226:
937:) during a period of sexual abstinence or during a heterosexual marriage. The role of the
924:
1803:
1006:
1267:
1171:
994:) is a person who "combines aspects of all genders to form a whole", often acting as a
1039: Legislation establishing same-sex marriage, but marriage is not yet provided for
2214:
2189:
1195:
897:
1238:
1230:
879:
834:
753:
1210:, responding that Indonesia "could not accept" same-sex marriage. Writing for the
1146:
religions of the respective parties. Meanwhile, Indonesians who have entered into
2199:
1262:
1155:
747:
271:
1508:
1465:"What we can learn from an Indonesian ethnicity that recognizes five genders"
1283:
995:
871:
1680:"Double marriage ceremony misconstrued as 'same-sex wedding in Indonesia'"
1287:
1279:
1275:
1199:
1198:, posted celebratory messages on social media and many highlighted their
1142:
990:
919:
699:
obliges the state to provide residency rights for the foreign spouses of
1493:. Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology. Thomson Wadsworth. p. xi.
1449:
1271:
1225:
In 2016, police stopped a same-sex marriage ceremony from occurring in
1215:
902:
1440:
896:
While there are no records of same-sex marriages as understood from a
1783:"Buddhism, Islam and Religious Pluralism in South and Southeast Asia"
1781:
Evans, Johnathan; Jo Starr, Kelsey; Corichi, Manolo; Miner, William.
1431:
1252:
International
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
1182:
does not address same-sex marriage explicitly. Article 28B states:
788:
Hospital visitation rights through a "legal representative" status.
655:. Recognized but not performed in several other tribal nations and
1698:"Kemenag Malut minta perkawinan sesama jenis di Halsel dibatalkan"
1005:
968:
960:
757:–type contractual relationships, but they are not legally binding.
703:. Some member states, including Romania, do not follow the ruling.
1573:
Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2006 tentang
Administrasi Kependudukan
1414:
Kartomi, Margaret J. (1976). "Performance, Music, and
Meaning of
943:
1807:
1491:
Challenging Gender Norms: Five
Genders Among Bugis in Indonesia
1561:
Keabsahan
Perkawinan Pasangan WNI Sesama Jenis di Luar Negeri
616:
in such cases, but the rights of marriage are not guaranteed.
385:
278:
1069: Restrictions of association with arrests or detention
1632:"Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945"
1063: Restrictions on freedom of expression, not enforced
1393:. Oxfordshire: Interdisciplinary Press. pp. 69–78.
1563:, Hukum Online, 6 June 2013, retrieved 22 January 2018.
1345:
1331:
1045: Legal guardianships or unregistered cohabitation
1764:"Across Asia, views of same-sex marriage vary widely"
1704:(in Indonesian). Ternate. 18 May 2024. Archived from
1604:"The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia"
1051: Limited foreign recognition (residency rights)
2139:
2099:
1841:
1762:Gubbala, Sneha; Miner, William (27 November 2023).
1745:"How people in 24 countries view same-sex marriage"
1720:"ILGA/RIWI Global Attitudes Survey on LGBTI People"
604:Performed in the Netherlands proper (including the
2221:Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia by country
1139:Undang-undang No. 1 Tahun 1994 Tentang Perkawinan
1666:Indonesia at Melbourne – University of Melbourne
886:Historical recognition of same-sex relationships
1184:
972:
932:
536:Recognition of same-sex unions in the Americas
1819:
1111:
852:
8:
1526:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation News.
1194:in June 2015, proponents, including singer
1826:
1812:
1804:
1152:Law No. 23 of 2006 on Civil Administration
1118:
1104:
1090: Death penalty on books, not enforced
859:
845:
17:
1439:
541:Recognition of same-sex unions in Oceania
1592:(in Indonesian). Jakarta. 17 March 2021.
1057: No recognition of same-sex couples
811:
809:
667:
665:
638:Neither performed nor recognized in six
531:Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe
521:Recognition of same-sex unions in Africa
1835:Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia
1377:
1316:
805:
594:
28:
1463:Davies, Sharyn Graham (17 June 2016).
1305:Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia
1192:same-sex marriage in the United States
989:
526:Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia
1530:from the original on 27 February 2019
1522:Ibrahim, Farid M (27 February 2019).
1170:
918:
600:
598:
7:
1011:Laws regarding homosexuality in Asia
685:
683:
681:
679:
677:
651:Neither performed nor recognized in
625:Neither performed nor recognized in
403: • 68 communes
1250:An online polling conducted by the
770:, but they are not legally binding.
576:LGBT rights by country or territory
1214:blog, Hendri Yulius wrote, "Under
766:Some cities and prefectures issue
627:Niue, Tokelau, or the Cook Islands
14:
797:Spousal health insurance benefits
2194:
2185:
2184:
1662:"Same-sex marriage in Indonesia"
1072:Same-sex sexual activity illegal
828:
274:or registered partnerships legal
1660:Yulius, Hendri (10 July 2015).
1033: Other type of partnership
2152:British Indian Ocean Territory
1549:Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 1974
1489:Graham Davies, Sharyn (2006).
1190:Following the legalization of
1015:Same-sex sexual activity legal
1:
1389:. In Ramello, Stefano (ed.).
1204:Minister of Religious Affairs
1131:Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage
516:Timeline of same-sex marriage
1575:, retrieved 22 January 2018.
1551:, retrieved 22 January 2018.
1099:
1096: Enforced death penalty
640:British Overseas Territories
1385:Izharuddin, Alicia (2011).
1346:
1332:
1172:[pərsaˈtu.anˈsipɪl]
551:Divorce of same-sex couples
2242:
1078: Prison, not enforced
982:
927:boy kept by an older man (
892:Homosexuality in Indonesia
889:
511:Same-sex union court cases
506:Same-sex union legislation
2180:
1341:
1327:
1270:countries polled, behind
1180:Constitution of Indonesia
1027: Marriage recognized
933:
911:
697:European Court of Justice
458: •
428: •
412: •
358: •
352: •
2226:LGBT rights in Indonesia
1901:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1300:LGBT rights in Indonesia
1021: Marriage performed
768:partnership certificates
270:Marriage not legal, but
2162:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1261:poll showed that 5% of
973:
971:in the 17th century. A
941:is closely tied to the
739:Courts have recognised
612:. May be registered in
1362:
1212:Indonesia at Melbourne
1208:Lukman Hakim Saifuddin
1188:
1163:
1138:
1126:
546:Marriage privatization
1009:
965:five separate genders
606:Caribbean Netherlands
2076:United Arab Emirates
1391:Fascination of Queer
1257:A February–May 2023
920:[ɡ̊əmˈb̥lak]
556:Domestic partnership
2103:limited recognition
1787:Pew Research Center
1768:Pew Research Center
1749:Pew Research Center
1259:Pew Research Center
874:does not recognise
653:some tribal nations
571:Listings by country
380:Minimal recognition
1725:. ILGA. p. 58
1611:jdih.bapeten.go.id
1590:Voice of Indonesia
1148:same-sex marriages
1127:
815:Not yet in effect.
23:LGBT rights series
2208:
2207:
2145:other territories
1500:978-0-495-09280-3
1235:Central Halmahera
1129:Article 1 of the
876:same-sex marriage
869:
868:
610:Aruba and Curaçao
608:), as well as in
489:
488:
430:472 jurisdictions
369:
368:
2233:
2198:
2188:
2187:
2157:Christmas Island
1843:Sovereign states
1828:
1821:
1814:
1805:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1724:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1708:on 11 June 2024.
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1657:
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1650:
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1636:
1628:
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1608:
1600:
1594:
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1582:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1469:The Conversation
1460:
1454:
1453:
1443:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1382:
1365:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1343:
1335:
1329:
1321:
1174:
1169:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1020:
993:
991:[ˈbusːi]
988:
984:
976:
936:
935:
922:
917:
913:
861:
854:
847:
835:LGBTQ portal
833:
832:
831:
816:
813:
798:
795:
789:
786:
780:
777:
771:
764:
758:
737:
731:
728:
722:
719:
713:
710:
704:
692:Coman v. Romania
687:
672:
669:
660:
649:
643:
636:
630:
623:
617:
602:
386:
279:
36:
18:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2176:
2144:
2135:
2116:Northern Cyprus
2102:
2095:
1837:
1832:
1802:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1751:. 13 June 2023.
1743:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1686:. 13 June 2024.
1678:
1677:
1673:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1644:
1642:
1641:(in Indonesian)
1634:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1615:
1613:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1584:
1583:
1579:
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1559:
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1501:
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1457:
1432:10.2307/3350979
1413:
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1408:
1401:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1357:
1353:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1296:
1268:Southeast Asian
1248:
1167:
1164:persatuan sipil
1125:
1124:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1079:
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1070:
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1054:
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1048:
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1042:
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1036:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1004:
986:
915:
894:
888:
865:
829:
827:
822:
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819:
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802:
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796:
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783:
778:
774:
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761:
738:
734:
729:
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716:
711:
707:
688:
675:
670:
663:
650:
646:
637:
633:
624:
620:
603:
596:
590:
582:
581:
580:
561:Military policy
500:
492:
491:
490:
484:
439:
382:
372:
371:
370:
364:
320:
275:
263:
262:
261:
260:
245:
244:
48:
37:
34:same-sex unions
33:
32:Legal status of
30:
12:
11:
5:
2239:
2237:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2213:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2192:
2181:
2178:
2177:
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2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2148:
2146:
2137:
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2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2105:
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2088:
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2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
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1918:
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1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1845:
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1830:
1823:
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1800:
1799:
1773:
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1711:
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1671:
1652:
1623:
1595:
1577:
1565:
1553:
1541:
1514:
1499:
1481:
1455:
1426:(22): 85–130.
1416:Reyog Ponorogo
1406:
1399:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1351:
1342:ᮞᮨᮛᮤᮊᮒ᮪ ᮞᮤᮕᮤᮜ᮪
1328:ꦱꦺꦫꦶꦏꦠ꧀ ꦱꦶꦥꦶꦭ꧀
1315:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1295:
1292:
1247:
1246:Public opinion
1244:
1141:) states that
1123:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1100:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
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1023:
1017:
1003:
1000:
890:Main article:
887:
884:
867:
866:
864:
863:
856:
849:
841:
838:
837:
824:
823:
818:
817:
804:
803:
800:
799:
790:
781:
772:
759:
732:
723:
714:
705:
695:ruling of the
673:
661:
657:American Samoa
644:
631:
618:
593:
592:
591:
588:
587:
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579:
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563:
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518:
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501:
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410:
404:
401:
395:
389:
384:
383:
378:
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374:
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367:
366:
363:
362:
360:Cayman Islands
356:
350:
347:United Kingdom
344:
339:
334:
329:
323:
321:
319:
318:
313:
308:
303:
301:Czech Republic
298:
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288:
282:
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268:
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259:
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230:United Kingdom
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2200:Asia portal
2101:States with
2021:Philippines
1961:South Korea
1956:North Korea
1851:Afghanistan
1729:31 December
1702:Antara News
1684:Yahoo! News
1645:25 February
1616:25 February
1534:27 February
1474:27 February
1263:Indonesians
748:nata pratha
701:EU citizens
480:South Korea
215:Switzerland
180:New Zealand
175:Netherlands
2215:Categories
2081:Uzbekistan
2056:Tajikistan
1971:Kyrgyzstan
1951:Kazakhstan
1871:Bangladesh
1861:Azerbaijan
1441:1813/53628
1372:References
1359:Indonesian
1168:pronounced
1160:Indonesian
1135:Indonesian
1002:Background
987:pronounced
963:recognize
916:pronounced
342:San Marino
337:Montenegro
248:Recognized
160:Luxembourg
100:Costa Rica
2167:Hong Kong
2121:Palestine
2046:Sri Lanka
2041:Singapore
1921:Indonesia
1639:mpr.go.id
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1420:Indonesia
1338:Sundanese
1284:Singapore
1220:New Order
912:ꦒꦼꦩ꧀ꦧ꧀ꦭꦏ꧀
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435:Lithuania
414:Hong Kong
65:Australia
60:Argentina
2190:Category
2111:Abkhazia
2061:Thailand
2016:Pakistan
1996:Mongolia
1991:Maldives
1986:Malaysia
1886:Cambodia
1528:Archived
1324:Javanese
1294:See also
1290:at 17%.
1288:Malaysia
1282:at 57%,
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1143:marriage
979:Buginese
925:Javanese
908:Javanese
566:Adoption
499:See also
475:Slovakia
398:Cambodia
393:Bulgaria
225:Thailand
195:Slovenia
190:Portugal
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2086:Vietnam
2001:Myanmar
1981:Lebanon
1911:Georgia
1866:Bahrain
1856:Armenia
1450:3350979
1272:Vietnam
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953:gemblak
939:gemblak
903:gemblak
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470:Romania
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240:Uruguay
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145:Iceland
135:Germany
125:Finland
120:Estonia
115:Ecuador
110:Denmark
75:Belgium
70:Austria
55:Andorra
2131:Taiwan
2066:Turkey
2031:Russia
1966:Kuwait
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2006:Nepal
1941:Japan
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1635:(PDF)
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1446:JSTOR
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2011:Oman
1976:Laos
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