406:) after life in the Imperial court was not entirely new to Japan, but the concept of doing so and completely retreating from secular life into nature, as opposed to the many Buddhist monasteries around the capital, was considered a novel alternative to these newly disillusioned intellectuals. From this isolation, it was common practice for the recluse to focus his efforts on self-reflection, expressed through the arts such as poetry or the writing of
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While it was ultimately the goal of these disillusioned intellectuals to free themselves from the constraints of society, it was common for many to maintain ties with their closer friends who remained in the city and to occasionally spend time with others. Yoshida KenkÅ, a famous
Japanese recluse
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until the age of 22, at which time for reasons unknown he took the vows of a monk and proceeded to live alone for long periods of time. Following the relocation of the capital from Heian (present day
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advocated a casting off of the bonds of society and government, and instead living a life free of obligations and the pressures of urban life. The first
Japanese recluse is considered to be
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The origins of the literary style known as
Recluse Literature has roots in the
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was known to maintain very close ties with members of the
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