Ethiopian wolf - Knowledge (XXG)

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Ethiopian wolf territories are largely stable, but packs can expand whenever the opportunity arises, such as when another pack disappears. The size of each territory correlates with the abundance of rodents, the number of wolves in a pack, and the survival of pups. Ethiopian wolves rest together in the open at night, and congregate for greetings and border patrols at dawn, noon, and evening. They may shelter from rain under overhanging rocks and behind boulders. The species never sleeps in dens, and only uses them for nursing pups. When patrolling their territories, Ethiopian wolves regularly scent-mark, and interact aggressively and vocally with other packs. Such confrontations typically end with the retreat of the smaller group.

1649: 1091: 1047: 1111: 1018: 989: 933: 904: 962: 866: 1699: 1571: 123: 1685:. Solitary wolves hunt for rodents in the midst of the monkeys, ignoring juvenile monkeys, though these are similar in size to some of their prey. The monkeys, in turn, tolerate and largely ignore the wolves, although they take flight if they observe feral dogs, which sometimes prey on them. Within the troops, the wolves enjoy much higher success in capturing rodents than usual, perhaps because the monkeys' activities flush out the rodents, or because the presence of numerous larger animals makes it harder for rodents to spot a threat. 728:, Gojjam, and in every northern Afroalpine region where agriculture is well developed and human pressure acute. This revelation stressed the importance of the Bale Mountains wolf populations for the species' long-term survival, as well as the need to protect other surviving populations. A decade after the rabies outbreak, the Bale populations had fully recovered to pre-epizootic levels, prompting the species' downlisting to endangered in 2004, though it still remains the world's rarest canid, and Africa's most endangered 634: 175: 1665:... they are most amusing to watch, when hunting. The rats, which are brown, with short tails, live in big colonies and dart from burrow to burrow, while the cuberow stands motionless till one of them shows, when he makes a pounce for it. If he is unsuccessful, he seems to lose his temper, and starts digging violently; but this is only lost labour, as the ground is honeycombed with holes, and every rat is yards away before he has thrown up a pawful. 1797: 2292: 1616:

coat is gradually replaced with the adult colouration. By the age of five weeks, the pups feed on a combination of milk and solid food, and become completely weaned off milk at the age of 10 weeks to six months. All members of the pack contribute to protecting and feeding the pups, with subordinate females sometimes assisting the dominant female by suckling them. Full growth and sexual maturity are attained at the age of two years.

1497: 150: 2366:) are usually agonistic, with Ethiopian wolves dominating African wolves if the latter enter their territories, and vice versa. Although African golden wolves are inefficient rodent hunters and thus not in direct competition with Ethiopian wolves, it is likely that heavy human persecution prevents the former from attaining numbers large enough to completely displace the latter. 1461: 1194: 845: 521: 1378: 2239:

in single figures for several years. Habitat loss in the Ethiopian highlands is directly linked to agricultural expansion into Afroalpine areas. In the northern highlands, human density is among the highest in Africa, with 300 people per km in some localities, with almost all areas below 3,700 m having been converted into

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The overall aim of the EWCP is to protect the wolf's Afroalpine habitat in Bale, and establish additional conservation areas in Menz and Wollo. The EWCP carries out education campaigns for people outside the wolf's range to improve dog husbandry and manage diseases within and around the park, as well

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farmers, herders, woodcutters, and many others. In Bale there are numerous villages in and around the area, comprising over 8,500 households with more than 12,500 dogs. In 2007, the estimate of households within wolf habitat numbered 1,756. Because of the high number of dogs, the risk of infection in

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fields. Suitable areas of land below this limit are under some level of protection, such as Guassa-Menz and the Denkoro Reserve, or within the southern highlands, such as the Arsi and Bale Mountains. The most vulnerable wolf populations to habitat loss are those within relatively low-lying Afroalpine

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During the 1990s, wolf populations in Gosh Meda and Guguftu became extinct. In both cases, the extent of Afroalpine habitat above the limit of agriculture had been reduced to less than 20 km. The EWCP team confirmed the extinction of a wolf population in Mt. Guna in 2011, whose numbers had been

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of six wolves are more common. Packs are formed by dispersing males and a few females, which with the exception of the breeding female, are reproductively suppressed. Each pack has a well-established hierarchy, with dominance and subordination displays being common. Upon dying, a breeding female can

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to rusty red, with dense whitish to pale ginger underfur. The fur of the throat, chest and underparts is white, with a distinct white band occurring around the sides of the neck. There is a sharp boundary between the red coat and white marks. The ears are thickly furred on the edges, though naked on

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Due to the high density of rodents in their new Afroalpine habitat, the ancestors of the Ethiopian wolf gradually developed into specialised rodent hunters. This specialisation is reflected in the animal's skull morphology, with its very elongated head, long jaw, and widely spaced teeth. During this

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were more available. The extinction of wolves in Mt. Choqa was likely due to persecution. Although people living close to wolves in modern times believe that wolf populations are recovering, negative attitudes towards the species persist due to livestock predation. Wolves were largely unmolested by

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In the Simien Mountains National Park, human and livestock populations are increasing by 2% annually, with further road construction allowing easy access to peasants into wolf home ranges; 3,171 people in 582 households were found to be living in the park and 1,477 outside the park in October 2005.

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These packs live in communal territories, which encompass 6 km (2.3 sq mi) of land on average. In areas with little food, the species lives in pairs, sometimes accompanied by pups, and defends larger territories averaging 13.4 km (5.2 sq mi). In the absence of disease,

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during the wet season (August–October), and there is no evident seasonal variation in coat colour, though the contrast between the red coat and white markings increases with age and social rank. Females tend to have paler coats than males. During the breeding season, the female's coat turns yellow,

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Gopalakrishnan, Shyam; Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmín; Niemann, Jonas; Samaniego Castruita, Jose A.; Vieira, Filipe G.; Carøe, Christian; Montero, Marc de Manuel; Kuderna, Lukas; Serres, Aitor; González-Basallote, Víctor Manuel; Liu, Yan-Hu; Wang, Guo-Dong; Marques-Bonet, Tomas;

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in 1983, with the Bale Mountains Research Project being established shortly after. This was followed by a detailed, four-year field study, which prompted the IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group to produce an action plan in 1997. The plan called for the education of people in wolf-inhabited areas, wolf

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is 60–62 days, with pups being born between October and December. Pups are born toothless and with their eyes closed, and are covered in a charcoal-grey coat with a buff patch on the chest and abdomen. Litters consist of two to six pups, which emerge from their den after three weeks, when the dark

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Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Pollinger, John; Godinho, Raquel; Robinson, Jacqueline; Lea, Amanda; Hendricks, Sarah; Schweizer, Rena M.; Thalmann, Olaf; Silva, Pedro; Fan, Zhenxin; Yurchenko, Andrey A.; Dobrynin, Pavel; Makunin, Alexey; Cahill, James A.; Shapiro, Beth; Álvares, Francisco; Brito, José C.;

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around 3,200 to 4,500 m, with some wolves inhabiting the Bale Mountains being present in montane grasslands at 3,000 m. Although specimens were collected in Gojjam and northwestern Shoa at 2,500 m in the early 20th century, no recent records exist of the species occurring below 3,000 m. In modern

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the inside. The naked borders of the lips, the gums and palate are black. The lips, a small spot on the cheeks and an ascending crescent below the eyes are white. The thickly furred tail is white underneath, and has a black tip, though, unlike most other canids, there is no dark patch marking the

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Vonholdt, B. M.; Pollinger, J. P.; Lohmueller, K. E.; Han, E.; Parker, H. G.; Quignon, P.; Degenhardt, J. D.; Boyko, A. R.; Earl, D. A.; Auton, A.; Reynolds, A.; Bryc, K.; Brisbin, A.; Knowles, J. C.; Mosher, D. S.; Spady, T. C.; Elkahloun, A.; Geffen, E.; Pilot, M.; Jedrzejewski, W.; Greco, C.;

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Steps taken to ensure the survival of the Ethiopian wolf include dog vaccination campaigns in Bale, Menz, and Simien, sterilization programs for wolf-dog hybrids in Bale, rabies vaccination of wolves in parts of Bale, community and school education programs in Bale and Wollo, contributing to the

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to both. There are two genetically distinct African golden wolf populations that exist in northwestern and eastern Africa. This suggests that Ethiopian wolves – or a close and extinct relative – once had a much larger range within Africa to admix with other canids. There is evidence of gene flow

2336:. It was once hunted by sportsmen, though this is now illegal. Vehicle collisions killed at least four wolves in the Sanetti Plateau since 1988, while two others were left with permanent limps. Similar accidents are a risk in areas where roads cut across wolf habitats, such as in Menz and Arsi. 2302:

Although wolves in Bale have learned to use cattle to conceal their presence when hunting for rodents, the level of grazing in the area can adversely affect the vegetation available for the wolves' prey. Although no declines in wolf populations related to overgrazing have occurred, high grazing

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The Ethiopian wolf has been considered rare since it was first recorded scientifically. The species likely has always been confined to Afroalpine habitats, so it was never widespread. In historical times, all of the Ethiopian wolf's threats are both directly and indirectly human-induced, as the

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Management plans for hybridization with dogs involve sterilization of known hybrids. Incidences of Ethiopian wolf-dog hybridization have been recorded in Bale's Web Valley. At least four hybrids were identified and sterilized in the area. Although hybridization has not been detected elsewhere,

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In 2015, a study of mitochondrial genome sequences and whole genome nuclear sequences of African and Eurasian canids indicated that extant wolf-like canids have colonised Africa from Eurasia at least five times throughout the Pliocene and Pleistocene, which is consistent with fossil evidence

1542:, males are larger than females, having 20% greater body mass. Adults measure 841–1,012 mm (33.1–39.8 in) in body length, and 530–620 mm (21–24 in) in height. Adult males weigh 14.2–19.3 kg (31–43 lb), while females weigh 11.2–14.15 kg (24.7–31.2 lb). 1271:

suggesting that much of African canid fauna diversity resulted from the immigration of Eurasian ancestors, likely coincident with Plio-Pleistocene climatic oscillations between arid and humid conditions. According to a phylogeny derived from nuclear sequences, the Eurasian golden jackal (

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Rabies outbreaks, stemming from infected dogs, have killed many Ethiopian wolves over the 1990s and 2000s. Two well-documented outbreaks in Bale, one in 1991 and another in 2008–2009, resulted in the die-off or disappearance of 75% of known animals. Both incidents prompted reactive

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or reduced fitness exists, the extremely small wolf population sizes, particularly those north of the Rift Valley, raise concerns among conservationists. Elsewhere, the Bale populations are fairly continuous, while those in Simien can still interbreed through habitat corridors.

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be replaced by a resident daughter, though this increases the risk of inbreeding. Such a risk is sometimes circumvented by multiple paternity and extra-pack matings. The dispersal of wolves from their packs is largely restricted by the scarcity of unoccupied habitat.

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The Ethiopian wolf was recognised as requiring protection in 1938, and received it in 1974. The first in-depth studies on the species occurred in the 1980s with the onset of the American-sponsored Bale Mountains Research Project. Ethiopian wolf populations in the

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Mirarab, Siavash; Fernandes, Carlos; Gaubert, Philippe; Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Budd, Jane; Rueness, Eli Knispel; Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter; Petersen, Bent; Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas; Bachmann, Lutz; Wiig, Øystein; Hansen, Anders J.; Gilbert, M. Thomas P. (2018).

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Most females disperse from their natal pack at about two years of age, and some become "floaters" that may successfully immigrate into existing packs. Breeding pairs are most often unrelated to each other, suggesting that female-biased dispersal reduces

2260:, which is likely to increase with current rates of human expansion. The dangers posed by fragmentation include increased contact with humans, dogs, and livestock, and further risk of isolation and inbreeding in wolf populations. Although no evidence of 2521:

Martínez-Navarro, Bienvenido; Gossa, Tegenu; Carotenuto, Francesco; Bartolini-Lucenti, Saverio; Palmqvist, Paul; Asrat, Asfawossen; Figueirido, Borja; Rook, Lorenzo; Niespolo, Elizabeth M.; Renne, Paul R.; Herzlinger, Gadi; Hovers, Erella (2023-05-16).

2332:. However, they are perceived as threats to livestock elsewhere, with cases of retaliatory killings occurring in the Arsi Mountains. The Ethiopian wolf has not been recorded to be exploited for its fur, though in one case, wolf hides were used as 2274:

Although the area of the park has since been expanded, further settlement stopped, and grazing restricted, effective enforcement may take years. As of 2011, about 30,000 people live in 30 villages around and two within the park, including 4,650

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Unlike most social carnivores, the Ethiopian wolf tends to forage and feed on small prey alone. It is most active during the day, the time when rodents are themselves most active, though they have been observed to hunt in groups when targeting

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or a reduction in fitness, though this does not appear to have taken place. Due to the female's strong preference to avoid inbreeding, hybridization could be the result of not finding any males who are not close relatives outside of dogs.

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since the early 20th century, and in the Bale Mountains in the late 1950s. The status of the Ethiopian wolf was reassessed in the late 1990s, following improvements in travel conditions into northern Ethiopia. The surveys taken revealed

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A sporting trip through Abyssinia : a narrative of a nine months' journey from the plains of the Hawash to the snows of Simien, with a description of the game, from elephant to ibex, and notes on the manners and customs of the

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The local ericaceous forests and grasslands are under the protection of the Borena Saiynt Regional Park from agriculture as low as 3,200 m. The EWCP and the FZS have been involved in educational programs and wolf monitoring in the

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The Ethiopian wolf uses all Afroalpine habitats, but has a preference for open areas containing short herbaceous and grassland communities inhabited by rodents, which are most abundant along flat or gently sloping areas with poor

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Gottelli, D.; Sillero-Zubiri, C.; Applebaum, G. D.; Roy, M. S.; Girman, D. J.; Garcia-Moreno, J.; Ostrander, E. A.; Wayne, R. K. (1994). "Molecular genetics of the most endangered canid: The Ethiopian wolf Canis simensis".

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between the eastern population and the Ethiopian wolf, which has led to the eastern population being distinct from the northwestern population. The common ancestor of both African golden wolf populations was a genetically

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and has comparatively longer legs. Its skull is very flat, with a long facial region accounting for 58% of the skull's total length. The ears are broad, pointed, and directed forward. The teeth, particularly the

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herds, a tactic thought to aid in ambushing rodents out of their holes by using the cattle to hide their presence. Ethiopian wolves have also been observed forming temporary associations with troops of grazing

653:) by Europeans and Ze Etiyopia by its citizens, wrote that the animal's skin was never worn by natives, as it was popularly believed that the wearer would die should any wolf hairs enter an open wound, while 1168:

approximately 1.8 million years ago. The Ethiopian wolf has survived numerous climatic changes in its Ethiopian highland habitat, with its range repeatedly expanding and contracting with glacial cycles.

1275:) diverged from the wolf/coyote lineage 1.9 million years ago, and with mitochondrial genome sequences indicating the Ethiopian wolf diverged from this lineage slightly prior to that. Further studies on 2230:

is not necessarily fatal to wolves, though a recent increase in infection has occurred, with outbreaks of canine distemper having been detected in 2005–2006 in Bale and in 2010 across subpopulations.

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and dated to between 1.6 and 1.4 million years ago. The authors of this study state that the ancestors of the Ethiopian wolf arrived in Africa from Eurasia at the same time as the ancestors of the

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appendices, though it is afforded full official protection under Ethiopia's Wildlife Conservation Regulations of 1974, Schedule VI, with the killing of a wolf carrying a two-year jail sentence.

2213:, road construction, and livestock farming), diseases (primarily rabies and canine distemper), conflict with humans (poisoning, persecution, and road kills), and hybridisation with dogs. 3029: 2409:

population monitoring, and the stemming of rabies in dog populations. The Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme was formed in 1995 by Oxford University, with donors including the

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wolf's highland habitat, with its high annual rainfall and rich fertile soils, is ideal for agricultural activities. Its proximate threats include habitat loss and fragmentation (

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This canid was initially classed as a distinct subspecies on account of its bright red coat, though this characteristic is unreliable as a taxonomic distinction. However, its

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The wolf's range is protected by community resource management, and the Guassa Community Conservation Area. Educational campaigns are undertaken in schools near wolf ranges.

3272:. Master of Science Thesis. Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis Department of Bioscience Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Oslo, Norway 3988: 9689: 2425:

as monitoring wolves in Bale, south and north Wollo. The program seeks to vaccinate up to 5,000 dogs a year to reduce rabies and distemper in wolf-inhabited areas.

2397:. Areas of suitable wolf habitat have recently increased to 87%, as a result of boundary extensions in Simien and the creation of the Arsi Mountains National Park. 618: 4010: 2428:

In 2016, the Korean company Sooam Biotech was reported to be attempting to clone the Ethiopian wolf using dogs as surrogate mothers to help conserve the species.

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Animals resulting from Ethiopian wolf-dog hybridisation tend to be more heavily built than pure wolves, and have shorter muzzles and different coat patterns.

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involves the breeding male following the female closely. The breeding female only accepts the advances of the breeding male, or males from other packs. The

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Geffen, Eli; Leonard, Jennifer A.; Helgen, Kristofer M.; Johnson, Warren E.; o'Brien, Stephen J.; Van Valkenburgh, Blaire; Wayne, Robert K. (2015).

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The Ethiopian wolf has short guard hairs and thick underfur, which provides protection at temperatures as low as −15 °C. Its overall colour is

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in size and build, and is distinguished by its long and narrow skull, and its red and white fur. Unlike most large canids, which are widespread,

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in 1994. The IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group advocated a three-front strategy of education, wolf population monitoring, and rabies control in

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at altitudes of 3,000–4,500 m, with the overall adult population estimated at 360–440 individuals in 2011, more than half of them in the

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are relatively small. The Ethiopian wolf has eight mammae, of which only six are functional. The front paws have five toes, including a

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The earliest known fossil of the Ethiopian wolf is known from the Melka Wakena paleoanthropological site-complex in the Southeastern

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Dalton, R. (2001). The skull morphology of the Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis). B.Sc.thesis. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

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The Ethiopian wolf is a social animal, living in family groups containing up to 20 adults (individuals older than one year), though

401: 3910: 711:, the paucity of information stemming from that area indicated that the species was likely declining there, while reports from the 4031: 4018: 9741: 4006: 154: 3423:"The physiology of cooperative breeding in a rare social canid; sex, suppression and pseudopregnancy in female Ethiopian wolves" 2401:

running of national parks, and population monitoring and surveying. A 10-year national action plan was formed in February 2011.

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This is in reference to the Ethiopian wolf's reported habit of following mares and cows about to give birth to feed on the

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Foraging ecology and trophic niche overlap between sympatric African wolf and Ethiopian wolf in the Ethiopian Highlands

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Randi, E.; Bannasch, D.; Wilton, A.; Shearman, J.; Musiani, M.; Cargill, M.; Jones, P. G.; Qian, Z.; Huang, W. (2010).

1222:, which caused the species' Afroalpine habitat to fragment, thus isolating Ethiopian wolf populations from each other. 9754: 9702: 5192: 3906: 1888: 1812: 1670: 1392: 1334: 1090: 1046: 7989: 2776:"The effect of the last glacial age on speciation and population genetic structure of the endangered Ethiopian wolf ( 1698: 1110: 1017: 9454: 9110: 7476: 1852: 988: 932: 903: 442: 9772: 1570: 961: 865: 6315: 3832: 707:. Elsewhere, information on Ethiopian wolves remained scarce; although first described in 1835 as living in the 9373: 9268: 8007: 6297: 5992: 5041: 2257: 538: 122: 6025: 5968: 5789: 3752: 2345:

scientists are concerned that it could pose a threat to the wolf population's genetic integrity, resulting in

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with very specific habitat requirements. It is one of the world's rarest canids, and Africa's most endangered

9837: 2826: 174: 9035: 8016: 7747: 7440: 7375: 6757: 6333: 5806: 5328: 4059: 2206: 2144: 1824: 1730: 1296: 1215: 3572:"Wolves are better hunters when monkeys are around: An unexpected co-existence in the Ethiopian highlands." 1180:

may be an evolutionary relic of a gray wolf-like ancestor's past invasion of northern Africa from Eurasia.

9554: 9259: 9011: 8824: 8700: 8312: 8294: 8122: 7816: 7807: 7449: 6187: 4979: 3902: 2346: 2188: 1781: 470: 9619: 9806: 9436: 8691: 8673: 8664: 8655: 8140: 8131: 7503: 6273: 6255: 6204: 6142: 6124: 6115: 6052: 6001: 5830: 4267: 3586:"Solitary Ethiopian wolves increase predation success on rodents when among grazing gelada monkey herds" 2491: 2261: 1872: 1633: 1501: 1312: 1252: 1176:

analysis showed a closer relationship to the gray wolf and the coyote than to other African canids, and

689: 633: 269: 7458: 7354: 6264: 5839: 3780: 9650: 9601: 9277: 9178: 9137: 8851: 8362: 8090: 7416: 6481: 6231: 6222: 6178: 6133: 5756: 5262: 4997: 4823: 4026: 3996: 3640: 3296: 3233: 3111: 3057: 2794: 2410: 1856: 1816: 1617: 1256: 1240: 1202: 3753:"Field report : Association between an Arabian wolf and a domestic dog in central Saudi Arabia" 2889: 9592: 9517: 9463: 9235: 8682: 8568: 8550: 8395: 8244: 8149: 7399: 7345: 7094: 6836: 6827: 6091: 5364: 5346: 5201: 5050: 4553: 3873: 2437: 2359: 2316: 1863:

leaves have occasionally been found in Ethiopian wolf stomachs. The sedge possibly is ingested for

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Life in Abyssinia: Being Notes Collected During Three Years' Residence and Travels in that Country

2747: 2618: 696:. The establishment of the Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme in Bale soon followed in 1995 by 9332: 8967: 8559: 8081: 7771: 7494: 7467: 6730: 6472: 6324: 5427: 5219: 5159: 4544: 4480: 4157: 4052: 3571: 3529: 3453: 3135: 3009: 2818: 2739: 2731: 1507:

The Ethiopian wolf is similar in size and build to North America's coyote; it is larger than the

478: 441:, on account of its small numbers and fragmented range. Threats include increasing pressure from 308: 169: 9811: 5319: 1788:

moorlands at 3,200–3,600 m in Simien may provide a refuge for wolves in highly disturbed areas.

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As of 2011, no sightings have been made, despite intensive monitoring during two field visits.

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Venkataraman, V. V.; Kerby, J. T.; Nguyen, N.; Ashenafi, Z. T.; Fashing, P. J. (2015-03-27).

2524:"The earliest Ethiopian wolf: implications for the species evolution and its future survival" 9798: 9490: 9323: 8601: 8031: 7321: 7103: 6853: 6043: 5942: 5726: 5717: 5301: 5092: 5083: 4877: 4868: 4426: 3859: 3597: 3574:

ScienceDaily., 22 June 2015. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150622085224.htm>.

3513: 3484: 3437: 3388: 3312: 3304: 3241: 3222:"Genome-wide Evidence Reveals that African and Eurasian Golden Jackals Are Distinct Species" 3199: 3119: 3073: 3065: 2802: 2723: 2613: 2551: 2535: 2227: 2116: 1962: 1900: 1892: 1868: 1867:

or for parasite control. The species may scavenge on carcasses, but is usually displaced by

1828: 1796: 1784:, all of which are favoured by the wolf's rodent prey. Although marginal in importance, the 1703: 1612: 1396: 1236: 1165: 1042: 721: 708: 650: 566: 462: 3046:"Genome-wide SNP and haplotype analyses reveal a rich history underlying dog domestication" 2860: 2291: 9870: 9780: 9733: 9508: 9499: 9427: 9382: 9044: 8994: 8985: 8860: 8806: 8750: 8619: 8592: 8485: 8303: 8262: 8227: 7972: 7035: 6715: 6706: 6213: 5951: 5400: 4850: 4777: 4471: 4276: 4210: 4187: 4022: 3787: 3473:"Inbreeding is reduced by female-biased dispersal and mating behavior in Ethiopian wolves" 1755: 1621: 685: 419: 131: 6748: 4735: 3863: 2381:

The species is present in several protected areas, including three areas in South Wollo (

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Randall, DA; Pollinger, JP; Wayne, RK; Tallents, LA; Johnson, PJ; Macdonald, DW (2007).

3300: 3237: 3115: 3061: 2798: 2556: 2523: 1733:, which extends up to 3,700 m, has largely restricted the species to the highest peaks. 1661:

calves. Major Percy-Cotton described the hunting behaviour of Ethiopian wolves as thus:

1632:. Inbreeding is ordinarily avoided because it leads to a reduction in progeny fitness ( 9865: 9606: 9481: 9400: 9202: 8949: 8842: 8815: 7868: 7485: 7085: 6632: 6169: 6151: 6082: 5693: 5684: 5286: 5247: 4201: 4113: 4015: 3635: 3317: 3284: 3123: 3078: 3045: 2333: 2256:

Some Ethiopian wolf populations, particularly those in North Wollo, show signs of high

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by its larger size, relatively longer legs, distinct reddish coat, and white markings.

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encroachment into rodent habitat, disease, and competition/predation by golden wolves

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The second-largest population, the most genetically diverse, is a tourist attraction.

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An ORDA Biodiversity Conservation Project is active in the area, in conjunction with

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Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals, and Dogs:Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan

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has resulted in a skull similar in shape to that of jackals and the South American

928: 4002: 3533: 3441: 2490:

For a full set of supporting references refer to the note (a) in the phylotree at

649:. European writers traveling in Ethiopia during the mid-19th century (then called 9824: 9746: 9676: 9586: 9086: 8277: 8194: 8167: 7916: 7830: 7762: 7688: 7679: 7646: 7604: 7569: 7286: 7179: 7011: 6551: 6463: 6016: 5589: 5409: 5074: 4988: 4971: 4948: 4911: 4795: 4759: 4604: 4393: 4248: 2895:. In Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio; Hoffmann, Michael; Macdonald, David Whyte (eds.). 2210: 2158:

The third-largest population, in the second-largest Afroalpine area in Ethiopia

2087: 1985: 1916: 1764: 1214:

period, the species likely attained its highest abundance, and had a relatively

725: 474: 450: 405: 48: 3894:

Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig, entdeckt und beschrieben

2539: 2125:

A core population with ideal habitat, it is increasingly a tourist attraction.

2056:

Isolation, habitat degradation, human-wildlife conflict, and road encroachment

9295: 8541: 8472: 8459: 8426: 8212: 7950: 7710: 7258: 7235: 7121: 7112: 7061: 7026: 7002: 6766: 6665: 6614: 6560: 6542: 6515: 6422: 6372: 5771: 5744: 5672: 5655: 5418: 5391: 5237: 5141: 5125: 4961: 4841: 4681: 4517: 4384: 4176: 4144: 4128: 3392: 3308: 3246: 3221: 2457: 2280: 2001: 1912: 1851:

calves. In areas where the big-headed African mole-rat is absent, the smaller

1840: 1747: 1710: 1629: 1529: 1470: 1400: 1206: 657: 434: 93: 58: 9577: 3602: 3585: 2547: 2307:

and vegetation deterioration in Afroalpine areas such as Delanta and Simien.

2193:

Most of the species' habitat occurs within the Bale Mountains National Park.

1983:

Human disturbance, road traffic, extensive agriculture, habitat degradation,

1754:

and grasses, with low vegetation cover. Other favourable habitats consist of

637:

Mounted specimen (1902), one of the first post-1835 specimens to reach Europe

9226: 9161: 8774: 8714: 8500: 8321: 7936: 7928: 7877: 7727: 7613: 7595: 7309: 7143: 6976: 6818: 6784: 6596: 6288: 5562: 5032: 4508: 4076: 3489: 3472: 3374:"Scent-marking and territorial behaviour of Ethiopian wolves Canis simensis" 3188:"A review of the family Canidae, with a classification by numerical methods" 2478: 2022:, isolation, and possible competition with abundant golden wolf populations 1876: 1785: 1759: 1725: 1717: 1713: 1477: 1460: 1198: 764: 729: 700:, in conjunction with the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (EWCA). 661: 412: 226: 186: 98: 42: 9707: 4044: 3525: 3504:

Charlesworth D, Willis JH (2009). "The genetics of inbreeding depression".

3449: 3326: 3255: 3087: 2814: 2673:. Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 577. 2565: 2279:

local wolf populations is high. Furthermore, intentional and unintentional

3204: 3131: 2067:, which is to encompass about a third of the wolf's range in North Wollo. 1193: 17: 9785: 9571: 8923: 8386: 8203: 8179: 7540: 7390: 7336: 7272: 7267: 7220: 7152: 7070: 6940: 6689: 6680: 6578: 6533: 6413: 6246: 6070: 5983: 5892: 5882: 5861: 5821: 5708: 5640: 5548: 5539: 4859: 4655: 4408: 4291: 4258: 4107: 4095: 3841: 3840:. IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group. Oxford, United Kingdom. Archived from 2320: 2122:

Although diminishing from disease, the population is healthy and stable.

1864: 1848: 1738: 1637: 1555: 1521: 1259:

refuted the separate genus in favour of placing the species in the genus

1161: 454: 206: 88: 83: 68: 63: 53: 9642: 3270:

Can hybridization be detected between African wolf and sympatric canids?

3069: 9832: 9668: 9305: 9152: 9026: 8741: 8253: 7583: 7049: 6605: 6569: 6436: 6404: 6388: 5901: 5604: 5183: 4664: 4571: 4489: 4417: 4359: 4336: 4229: 3992: 2954: 2735: 2245: 2095: 1879:, with farmers often leaving herds in wolf-inhabited areas unattended. 1776: 1770: 1721: 1559:

becomes woolier, and the tail turns brownish, losing much of its hair.

1533: 844: 760: 385: 236: 103: 78: 9681: 9614: 9409: 9356: 9101: 8789: 8523: 7243: 6904: 6739: 6496: 5933: 4705: 4631: 4580: 4562: 4535: 4456: 4318: 4101: 4089: 4038: 3187: 2275: 2240: 2030: 2026: 1966: 1896: 1682: 1677: 1232: 899: 712: 681: 408: 397: 216: 196: 9548: 3517: 2727: 1919:

for several decades. Southeast of the Rift Valley, it occurs in the

1218:. This changed about 15,000 years ago with the onset of the current 703:

Soon after, a further wolf population was discovered in the Central

688:. In response, the IUCN reclassified the species from endangered to 1377: 9819: 9391: 9250: 9193: 9066: 8869: 8726: 8353: 8335: 7958: 7628: 6877: 6862: 5523: 4814: 4309: 2375: 2325: 2290: 2107: 2039: 2033:

governments, and supported by the Guna Highland Water enterprise.

1908: 1860: 1855:

is targeted. In the Simien Mountains, the Ethiopian wolf preys on

1836: 1795: 1697: 1647: 1569: 1546: 1538: 1495: 1408: 1244: 1227: 1192: 1186: 1013: 632: 617: 246: 3285:"Interspecific Gene Flow Shaped the Evolution of the Genus Canis" 2671:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

8765: 7661: 6986: 6922: 4595: 4327: 3983: 3630: 3628: 2329: 2296: 2103: 1911:. It has recently become extinct in Gosh Meda in north Shoa and 1904: 1751: 1742: 1404: 1321: 861: 715:

plateau were a century out of date. Wolves were recorded in the

438: 9655: 9552: 8457: 7914: 7218: 6370: 5505: 4946: 4126: 4048: 3806:"Inside the cloning factory that creates 500 new animals a day" 3738: 3726: 3714: 3702: 3690: 3678: 3666: 3654: 3619: 3546: 3408: 3359: 3344: 3161: 2941: 2847: 2084:

After Simien, the second-largest area north of the Rift Valley

1887:

Six current Ethiopian wolf populations are known. North of the

1839:

and eggs. Ethiopian wolves have twice been observed to feed on

1473:

are consistently longer than those of the nominate subspecies.

1231:

species present in Africa, and is readily distinguishable from

6895: 6504: 4832: 3912:

The Ethiopian Wolf: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan

2589: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2474: 839: 693: 404:

feeders, the Ethiopian wolf is a highly specialised feeder of

2161:

Habitat degradation, expanding agriculture, and road traffic

2007:

An isolated patch, estimated at less than 20 km by 2004

1811:

In the Bale Mountains, the Ethiopian wolf's primary prey are

1745:. Prime wolf habitat in the Bale Mountains consists of short 489:

Alternative English names for the Ethiopian wolf include the

2404:

The species' critical situation was first publicised by the

1536:, while the hind paws have four. As is typical in the genus 684:

epidemic decimated most packs studied in the Web Valley and

2774:

Gottelli, D; Marino, J; Sillero-Zubiri, C; Funk, S (2004).

1669:

The technique described above is commonly used in hunting

641:

The species was first scientifically described in 1835 by

2283:

are frequent in the ericaceous moorlands wolves inhabit.

2184:

The largest population, with the highest density of prey

2315:

Direct killings of wolves were more frequent during the

1709:

The Ethiopian wolf is restricted to isolated pockets of

1197:

Ethiopian wolf skull: Despite its close relation to the

676:

were negatively affected by the political unrest of the

4007:

IUCN Species Survival Commission#Canid Specialist Group

3030:

The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication

2926: 2899:. IUCN-The World Conservation Union. pp. 167–174. 2389:, and Borena Sayint Regional Park), one in north Shoa ( 2324:

humans in Bale, as they were not considered threats to

2115:

As of 2010, an estimated 40% have been missing since a

2090:, ploughing, persecution, and local negative attitudes 2075:

Patches connected by corridors, totalling 243 km

1971:

Patches connected by corridors, totalling 273 km

3372:

Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio; Macdonald, David W. (1998).

1279:

found instances of Ethiopian wolves hybridizing with

627:

Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig

2883: 2881: 392:. In southeastern Ethiopia, it is also known as the 9561: 9354: 9303: 9294: 9248: 9224: 9191: 9150: 9099: 9065: 9024: 8983: 8966: 8921: 8895: 8886: 8787: 8763: 8739: 8713: 8636: 8581: 8539: 8522: 8498: 8470: 8425: 8384: 8351: 8334: 8275: 8225: 8192: 8166: 8103: 8062: 8029: 7970: 7949: 7927: 7829: 7788: 7760: 7726: 7709: 7659: 7626: 7582: 7539: 7520: 7429: 7388: 7334: 7308: 7284: 7256: 7234: 7178: 7151: 7142: 7083: 7048: 7024: 7000: 6985: 6974: 6875: 6816: 6801: 6728: 6678: 6646: 6631: 6494: 6461: 6435: 6402: 6386: 6286: 6244: 6104: 6069: 6014: 5981: 5931: 5890: 5881: 5860: 5819: 5769: 5743: 5706: 5671: 5654: 5638: 5602: 5561: 5537: 5522: 5469: 5284: 5245: 5236: 5181: 5140: 5122: 5072: 5019: 4970: 4959: 4910: 4812: 4748: 4722: 4694: 4653: 4644: 4593: 4506: 4469: 4443: 4406: 4382: 4373: 4357: 4289: 4256: 4247: 4227: 4185: 4174: 4142: 3897:(in German). Frankfurt am Main : S. Schmerber. 3751:Chris Barichievy; Shayne Clugston; Robert Sheldon. 3186:Clutton-Brock, J.; Corbet, G.G.; Hills, M. (1976). 2132:encroachment into rodent habitat, and road traffic 1807:), one of the Ethiopian wolf's primary prey animals 1243:originally classified the species under a separate 3834:Strategic Planning for Ethiopian Wolf Conservation 2164:Protected within the Arsi Mountains Regional Park 1676:Wolves in Bale have been observed to forage among 3989:Conservation of Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis) 2051:Possibly declining, otherwise stable, as of 1998 1607:usually takes place between August and November. 2660: 2658: 2656: 1652:Southern Ethiopian wolf feeding, Bale Mountains. 1311:, and with the Ethiopian wolf being genetically 2045:Patchily distributed in an area of 140 km 1996:, and has been monitored regularly since 2003. 1663: 1255:considered it to be "only an exaggerated fox". 625:by Friedrich Carl Vogel (from Eduard Rüppell's 4011:International Union for Conservation of Nature 2469:This was later proven incorrect in 2010, when 4060: 3558: 3173: 2997: 2619:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T3748A10051312.en 2063:and its associates are working to create the 1640:expression of deleterious recessive alleles. 1332:As of 2005, two subspecies are recognised by 8: 3984:Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme (EWCP) 1263:, upon noting cranial similarities with the 473:, which seeks to protect the wolves through 2955:"Ethiopia | International Wolf Center" 2295:Ethiopian wolves resting alongside grazing 1720:inhabited by Afroalpine rodents. Its ideal 1528:measure 14–22 mm in length, while the 9549: 9300: 9079: 8980: 8901: 8892: 8719: 8536: 8478: 8467: 8454: 8348: 8172: 7967: 7924: 7911: 7843: 7740: 7723: 7588: 7553: 7536: 7314: 7281: 7231: 7215: 7148: 7054: 6997: 6982: 6813: 6658: 6643: 6441: 6399: 6383: 6367: 6075: 5887: 5878: 5749: 5677: 5668: 5651: 5573: 5534: 5519: 5515: 5502: 5466: 5242: 5152: 5137: 5119: 5025: 4967: 4956: 4943: 4728: 4650: 4449: 4379: 4370: 4253: 4244: 4240: 4224: 4182: 4171: 4150: 4139: 4123: 4067: 4053: 4045: 2769: 2767: 2669:. In Wilson, D. E.; Reader, D. M. (eds.). 2516: 2514: 2512: 2510: 1929: 1341: 545: 294: 148: 121: 31: 3831:IUCN; SSC Canid Specialist Group (2011). 3601: 3488: 3421:van Kesteren, Freya; et al. (2013). 3404: 3402: 3316: 3245: 3203: 3077: 2707:Sillero-Zubiri, C.; Gottelli, D. (1994). 2617: 2555: 1299:was used to compare members of the genus 3615: 3613: 3340: 3338: 3336: 2982: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2374:The Ethiopian wolf is not listed on the 2065:Abuna Yoseph Community Conservation Area 1624:have been observed in Ethiopian wolves. 3355: 3353: 2993: 2991: 2978: 2976: 2967: 2937: 2935: 2888:Sillero-Zubiri, C.; Marino, J. (2004). 2639: 2594:Marino, J.; Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2011). 2506: 2449: 2244:ranges, such as those in Aboi Gara and 1827:. Other secondary prey species include 539:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 2843: 2841: 2839: 2492:Evolution of the wolf#Wolf-like canids 2354:Competition with African golden wolves 2152:54 wolves in 9 packs, as of 2007-2010 2226:in 2003 and 2008–2009, respectively. 2119:outbreak was detected in local dogs. 7: 9838:FE981C90-6153-4BC5-89C2-F3A999EF5A11 3739:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3727:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3715:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3703:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3691:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3679:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3667:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3655:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3620:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3547:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3409:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3360:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3345:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3162:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 2942:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 2848:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 541: instead of Ethiopic characters. 27:Canine native to Ethiopian Highlands 5437:South African small-spotted genet ( 3918:. IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group. 2927:Sillero-Zubiri & MacDonald 1997 2605:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2269:Encroachment within protected areas 2187:Disease (rabies and distemper) and 2181:Declining, but stable in long term 1524:, are small and widely spaced. The 1079: 1071: 832: 825: 818: 810: 802: 794: 786: 778: 770: 756: 3124:10.1111/j.1365-294X.1994.tb00070.x 3018:. Vol. II. John Murray. pp. 12–13. 2391:Guassa Community Conservation Area 1875:. It typically poses no threat to 1225:The Ethiopian wolf is one of five 25: 5781:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose ( 3804:Zastrow, Mark (8 February 2016). 3636:"Canis simensis (Ethiopian wolf)" 2311:Human persecution and disturbance 2303:intensities are known to lead to 1582:Social and territorial behaviours 1324:and 28% Ethiopian wolf ancestry. 750:with timing in millions of years 668:during his travels in Abyssinia. 9891:Fauna of the Ethiopian Highlands 9861:IUCN Red List endangered species 2807:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2004.02226.x 1833:yellow-spotted brush-furred rats 1459: 1376: 1109: 1089: 1045: 1016: 987: 960: 931: 902: 864: 843: 519: 465:. Its conservation is headed by 433:The Ethiopian wolf is listed as 173: 4003:Ethiopian Wolf (Canis simensis) 2178:About 250 adults and subadults 1992:The entire range is within the 1915:, and has not been reported in 1702:Northern Ethiopian wolf in the 1574:Southern Ethiopian wolf in the 1343: 645:, who provided a skull for the 2387:Simien Mountains National Park 2112:A single patch of 112 km 1994:Simien Mountains National Park 1821:black-clawed brush-furred rats 1419:(Erlanger & Neumann, 1900) 660:that the species gave rise to 1: 5193:Malabar large-spotted civet ( 3883:. London : Rowland Ward. 3442:10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.08.016 3033:. Vol. I. Orange Judd. p. 48. 2419:Wildlife Conservation Network 2406:Wildlife Conservation Society 1931:Summary of current status of 1847:calves. It will also prey on 422:is limited to seven isolated 9455:Indonesian mountain weasel ( 9111:North American river otter ( 7999:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk ( 5053:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii 3960:National Geographic Magazine 2415:Frankfurt Zoological Society 2395:Arsi Mountains National Park 2383:Bale Mountains National Park 2061:Frankfurt Zoological Society 1891:, the species occurs in the 1813:big-headed African mole-rats 1671:big-headed African mole-rats 1599:Reproduction and development 1160:. It is the right half of a 674:Bale Mountains National Park 9906:Ethiopian montane moorlands 6316:Somalian slender mongoose ( 3868:. London, R. Ward, limited. 3192:Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 2128:Human disturbance, rabies, 1335:Mammal Species of the World 443:expanding human populations 9922: 9896:Endangered fauna of Africa 9269:Asian small-clawed otter ( 8008:American hog-nosed skunk ( 7990:Molina's hog-nosed skunk ( 6298:Angolan slender mongoose ( 5993:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose ( 5042:Small-toothed palm civet ( 3865:The Game Animals of Africa 2665:Wozencraft, C. W. (2005). 2540:10.1038/s42003-023-04908-w 1945:Population size estimates 1853:Northeast African mole-rat 1815:, though it also feeds on 1805:Tachyoryctes macrocephalus 1758:grasslands, high-altitude 321:Erlanger and Neumann, 1900 9901:Mammals described in 1840 9881:Endemic fauna of Ethiopia 9174: 9082: 9036:Saharan striped polecat ( 9007: 8904: 8722: 8481: 8466: 8453: 8175: 8017:Striped hog-nosed skunk ( 7923: 7910: 7846: 7748:Mediterranean monk seal ( 7743: 7591: 7556: 7477:Juan Fernández fur seal ( 7441:South American fur seal ( 7412: 7376:South American sea lion ( 7371: 7317: 7230: 7214: 7057: 6849: 6758:South American gray fox ( 6702: 6661: 6444: 6382: 6366: 6334:Common slender mongoose ( 6200: 6078: 5964: 5914: 5807:Narrow-striped mongoose ( 5802: 5752: 5680: 5576: 5518: 5514: 5501: 5465: 5329:Crested servaline genet ( 5155: 5118: 5028: 4955: 4942: 4731: 4677: 4452: 4243: 4223: 4170: 4153: 4138: 4122: 4084: 3430:Physiology & Behavior 3393:10.1017/s0952836998007134 3309:10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.041 3247:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.060 1303:. The study supports the 1104: 1084: 1077: 1069: 1040: 1011: 984: 955: 926: 897: 859: 837: 830: 823: 816: 808: 800: 792: 784: 776: 768: 314: 307: 302: 293: 275: 268: 170:Scientific classification 168: 146: 137: 129: 120: 34: 9392:Stoat/Beringian ermine ( 9260:African clawless otter ( 9012:African striped weasel ( 8825:Yellow-throated marten ( 8701:Formosan ferret-badger ( 8405:Western mountain coati ( 8396:Eastern mountain coati ( 8313:Western lowland olingo ( 8295:Eastern lowland olingo ( 8123:Southern spotted skunk ( 7817:Southern elephant seal ( 7808:Northern elephant seal ( 7598:Pagophilus groenlandicus 6375:("dog-like" carnivorans) 6188:Stripe-necked mongoose ( 5809:Mungotictis decemlineata 4684:Herpailurus yagouaroundi 4131:("cat-like" carnivorans) 3967:Ethiopian wolves on high 3027:Darwin, Charles (1868). 2477:'s sole ancestor is the 2473:studies showed that the 2252:Population fragmentation 1307:being distinct from the 555:Linguistic group or area 9437:Yellow-bellied weasel ( 8692:Burmese ferret-badger ( 8674:Chinese ferret-badger ( 8665:Bornean ferret badger ( 8656:Vietnam ferret-badger ( 8141:Eastern spotted skunk ( 8132:Western spotted skunk ( 7862:Leptonychotes weddellii 7504:Subantarctic fur seal ( 7450:Australasian fur seal ( 6274:Black-footed mongoose ( 6256:Bushy-tailed mongoose ( 6205:White-tailed mongoose ( 6143:Indian brown mongoose ( 6125:Short-tailed mongoose ( 6116:Small Indian mongoose ( 6053:Flat-headed kusimanse ( 6026:Alexander's kusimanse ( 6002:Common dwarf mongoose ( 5969:Pousargues's mongoose ( 5831:Brown-tailed mongoose ( 5790:Grandidier's mongoose ( 5044:Arctogalidia trivirgata 4268:Sunda clouded leopard ( 3903:Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio 3874:Powell-Cotton, P. H. G. 2340:Hybridisation with dogs 2207:subsistence agriculture 1731:subsistence agriculture 1724:extends from above the 1476:Southeast Rift Valley: 1452:Southern Ethiopian wolf 1363:Northern Ethiopian wolf 1297:whole genome sequencing 1216:continuous distribution 396:. It is similar to the 9278:Congo clawless otter ( 9181:Hydrictis maculicollis 9179:Spotted-necked otter ( 9138:Southern river otter ( 9089:Pteronura brasiliensis 8852:European pine marten ( 8363:South American coati ( 8091:Palawan stink badger ( 7417:New Zealand sea lion ( 6482:Japanese raccoon dog ( 6179:Crab-eating mongoose ( 6134:Indian grey mongoose ( 5757:Ring-tailed vontsira ( 5568:(bone-crushing hyenas) 5263:Central African oyan ( 4824:Chinese mountain cat ( 3792:The Rufford Foundation 3603:10.1093/jmammal/gyu013 2890:"6.4 – Ethiopian wolf" 2528:Communications Biology 2347:outbreeding depression 2299: 2189:agricultural expansion 2072:South Wollo highlands 1899:, in the northern and 1808: 1706: 1667: 1653: 1578: 1504: 1210: 736:Taxonomy and evolution 638: 630: 527:This section contains 471:Conservation Programme 418:The species's current 130:Ethiopian wolf on the 9876:Carnivorans of Africa 9807:Paleobiology Database 9518:Back-striped weasel ( 9464:Black-footed ferret ( 9236:Smooth-coated otter ( 9014:Poecilogale albinucha 8683:Javan ferret-badger ( 8569:Sumatran hog badger ( 8551:Northern hog badger ( 8245:Crab-eating raccoon ( 8150:Pygmy spotted skunk ( 7871:Lobodon carcinophagus 7607:Histriophoca fasciata 7400:Australian sea lion ( 7346:California sea lion ( 7095:American black bear ( 6837:Black-backed jackal ( 6828:Side-striped jackal ( 6668:Chrysocyon brachyurus 6092:Long-nosed mongoose ( 5365:Rusty-spotted genet ( 5202:Large-spotted civet ( 5051:Sulawesi palm civet ( 4980:Owston's palm civet ( 4554:Andean mountain cat ( 3999:Department of Zoology 3971:BBC Wildlife Magazine 3490:10.1093/beheco/arm010 3205:10.5962/bhl.part.6922 2360:African golden wolves 2294: 2262:inbreeding depression 1883:Range and populations 1873:African golden wolves 1857:Abyssinian grass rats 1799: 1701: 1651: 1636:) due largely to the 1634:inbreeding depression 1573: 1502:Louis Agassiz Fuertes 1499: 1287:Admixture with other 1281:African golden wolves 1196: 690:critically endangered 636: 621: 547:Indigenous names for 303:Ethiopian wolf range 9333:Long-tailed weasel ( 8911:Lyncodon patagonicus 8560:Greater hog badger ( 8082:Sunda stink badger ( 7772:Hawaiian monk seal ( 7495:Guadalupe fur seal ( 7468:Antarctic fur seal ( 7459:Galápagos fur seal ( 7355:Galápagos sea lion ( 6473:Common raccoon dog ( 6325:Cape gray mongoose ( 6265:Jackson's mongoose ( 6225:Paracynictis selousi 6216:Cynictis penicillata 5840:Durrell's vontsira ( 5428:Giant forest genet ( 5220:Large Indian civet ( 5160:Small Indian civet ( 4769:Sunda leopard cat ( 4545:Southern tiger cat ( 4481:African golden cat ( 4158:African palm civet ( 4027:Born Free Foundation 3997:University of Oxford 3641:Animal Diversity Web 3590:Journal of Mammalogy 3295:(21): 3441–3449.e5. 3268:Bahlk, S.H. (2015). 2612:: e.T3748A10051312. 2411:Born Free Foundation 1618:Cooperative breeding 1513:side-striped jackals 1348:Trinomial authority 1257:Juliet Clutton-Brock 1241:Glover Morrill Allen 1203:convergent evolution 561:Literal translation 455:disease transference 9886:Mammals of Ethiopia 9376:M. aistoodonnivalis 9212:Hairy-nosed otter ( 9129:Neotropical otter ( 8909:Patagonian weasel ( 8372:White-nosed coati ( 7572:Cystophora cristata 7563:Erignathus barbatus 7296:Northern fur seal ( 7073:Helarctos malayanus 6709:Atelocynus microtis 6416:U. cinereoargenteus 6307:Egyptian mongoose ( 6234:Rhynchogale melleri 6232:Meller's mongoose ( 6223:Selous's mongoose ( 6207:Ichneumia albicauda 6161:Collared mongoose ( 6035:Angolan kusimanse ( 5919:Liberian mongoose ( 5272:West African oyan ( 5171:Civettictis civetta 5102:Golden palm civet ( 5060:Masked palm civet ( 5035:Arctictis binturong 5009:Hemigalus derbyanus 5007:Banded palm civet ( 4998:Hose's palm civet ( 4787:Rusty-spotted cat ( 4041:, images and videos 4016:Supporting the EWCP 3965:Williams, S. 2004. 3935:on 26 December 2011 3907:MacDonald, David W. 3301:2018CBio...28E3441G 3238:2015CBio...25.2158K 3116:1994MolEc...3..301G 3070:10.1038/nature08837 3062:2010Natur.464..898V 2929:, p. 5 & 8 2799:2004MolEc..13.2275G 2642:, Vol. Säugetiere: 2438:Black-backed jackal 2317:Ethiopian Civil War 2155:Probably declining 2078:16–19 (as of 2000) 2048:19–23 (as of 2000) 1935: 1835:, and occasionally 1801:Big-headed mole rat 1509:black-backed jackal 1500:Painting (1926) by 1372:Nominate subspecies 1305:African golden wolf 1265:side-striped jackal 1158:Ethiopian Highlands 1107:Black-backed jackal 1087:Side-striped jackal 678:Ethiopian Civil War 666:Percy Powell-Cotton 551: 447:habitat degradation 390:Ethiopian Highlands 372:), also called the 140:Conservation status 9491:European polecat ( 9324:Colombian weasel ( 8974:(African polecats) 8602:Caucasian badger ( 8530:(Eurasian badgers) 7980:(hog-nosed skunks) 7717:("southern seals") 7616:Halichoerus grypus 7547:("northern seals") 7419:Phocarctos hookeri 7324:Eumetopias jubatus 7322:Steller sea lion ( 7104:Asian black bear ( 6854:African wild dog ( 6808:(wolf-like canids) 6085:Atilax paludinosus 6044:Common kusimanse ( 5971:Dologale dybowskii 5943:Gambian mongoose ( 5727:Western falanouc ( 5718:Eastern falanouc ( 5687:Cryptoprocta ferox 5592:Parahyaena brunnea 5347:Johnston's genet ( 5302:Abyssinian genet ( 5254:(African linsangs) 5162:Viverricula indica 5093:Brown palm civet ( 5084:Asian palm civet ( 4991:Cynogale bennettii 4982:Chrotogale owstoni 4878:European wildcat ( 4869:Black-footed cat ( 4459:Leptailurus serval 4427:Asian golden cat ( 4193:(Asiatic linsangs) 4021:2009-02-12 at the 3956:Wolves of Ethiopia 3786:2016-10-06 at the 3570:Dartmouth College. 3559:Powell-Cotton 1902 3477:Behavioral Ecology 3381:Journal of Zoology 3174:Powell-Cotton 1902 3010:Parkyns, Mansfield 3000:, pp. 206–207 2998:Powell-Cotton 1902 2393:), and one in the 2300: 2018:Small population, 1930: 1903:highlands, and in 1809: 1707: 1654: 1644:Hunting behaviours 1579: 1505: 1407:, north and south 1320:canid of 72% grey 1211: 639: 631: 614:Historical account 546: 479:community outreach 469:'s Ethiopian Wolf 9848: 9847: 9794:Open Tree of Life 9555:Taxon identifiers 9546: 9545: 9542: 9541: 9538: 9537: 9534: 9533: 9530: 9529: 9509:Siberian weasel ( 9500:American ermine ( 9428:Japanese weasel ( 9383:Mountain weasel ( 9367: 9290: 9289: 9076: 9061: 9060: 9057: 9056: 9045:Striped polecat ( 8995:Marbled polecat ( 8977: 8962: 8961: 8934: 8882: 8881: 8861:Japanese marten ( 8807:American marten ( 8800: 8658:M. cucphuongensis 8649: 8632: 8631: 8620:European badger ( 8593:Japanese badger ( 8533: 8486:American badger ( 8449: 8448: 8445: 8444: 8421: 8420: 8417: 8416: 8345: 8304:Northern olingo ( 8288: 8263:Cozumel raccoon ( 8238: 8162: 8161: 8116: 8075: 7983: 7964: 7906: 7905: 7902: 7901: 7898: 7897: 7894: 7893: 7890: 7889: 7880:Ommatophoca rossi 7853:Hydrurga leptonyx 7840: 7837:(Antarctic seals) 7810:M. angustirostris 7801: 7784: 7783: 7750:Monachus monachus 7737: 7720: 7705: 7704: 7701: 7700: 7550: 7533: 7516: 7515: 7378:Otaria flavescens 7367: 7366: 7278: 7246:Odobenus rosmarus 7210: 7209: 7206: 7205: 7202: 7201: 7198: 7197: 7161: 7138: 7137: 7134: 7133: 7036:Spectacled bear ( 6994: 6970: 6969: 6966: 6965: 6962: 6961: 6810: 6797: 6796: 6716:Crab-eating fox ( 6707:Short-eared dog ( 6655: 6640: 6627: 6626: 6509: 6451:Otocyon megalotis 6395: 6362: 6361: 6358: 6357: 6354: 6353: 6350: 6349: 6346: 6345: 6214:Yellow mongoose ( 6065: 6064: 5952:Banded mongoose ( 5921:Liberiictus kuhni 5875: 5856: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5739: 5738: 5665: 5634: 5633: 5630: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5570: 5531: 5497: 5496: 5493: 5492: 5489: 5488: 5461: 5460: 5457: 5456: 5453: 5452: 5449: 5448: 5401:Servaline genet ( 5320:Bourlon's genet ( 5295: 5256: 5232: 5231: 5114: 5113: 5086:P. hermaphroditus 4938: 4937: 4934: 4933: 4930: 4929: 4906: 4905: 4902: 4901: 4898: 4897: 4894: 4893: 4890: 4889: 4851:African wildcat ( 4808: 4807: 4778:Flat-headed cat ( 4718: 4717: 4502: 4501: 4439: 4438: 4353: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4277:Clouded leopard ( 4236: 4211:Spotted linsang ( 4195: 4160:Nandinia binotata 3954:Morell, V. 2006. 3925:978-2-8317-0407-4 3860:Lydekker, Richard 3104:Molecular Ecology 3056:(7290): 898–902. 2787:Molecular Ecology 2716:Mammalian Species 2680:978-0-8018-8221-0 2667:"Order Carnivora" 2197: 2196: 1974:102 (as of 2010) 1869:free-ranging dogs 1552:supracaudal gland 1489: 1488: 1446: 1438: 1430: 1420: 1174:mitochondrial DNA 1154: 1153: 1149: 1148: 1140: 1139: 1131: 1130: 1122: 1121: 1058: 1057: 1029: 1028: 1000: 999: 973: 972: 944: 943: 915: 914: 886: 885: 877: 876: 744:Phylogenetic tree 722:local extinctions 698:Oxford University 611: 610: 535:rendering support 467:Oxford University 463:free-ranging dogs 360: 359: 354: 346: 338: 330: 322: 163: 16:(Redirected from 9913: 9841: 9840: 9828: 9827: 9815: 9814: 9802: 9801: 9789: 9788: 9776: 9775: 9763: 9762: 9750: 9749: 9737: 9736: 9724: 9723: 9711: 9710: 9698: 9697: 9685: 9684: 9672: 9671: 9659: 9658: 9646: 9645: 9636: 9635: 9623: 9622: 9610: 9609: 9597: 9596: 9595: 9582: 9581: 9580: 9550: 9482:Malayan weasel ( 9401:Steppe polecat ( 9374:Sichuan weasel ( 9366: 9365: 9361: 9301: 9238:L. perspicillata 9203:Eurasian otter ( 9080: 9075: 9074: 9070: 8981: 8976: 8975: 8971: 8950:Greater grison ( 8933: 8932: 8928: 8902: 8893: 8843:Nilgiri marten ( 8816:Pacific marten ( 8799: 8798: 8794: 8720: 8703:M. subaurantiaca 8648: 8647: 8646:(ferret-badgers) 8643: 8537: 8532: 8531: 8527: 8479: 8468: 8455: 8349: 8344: 8343: 8339: 8287: 8286: 8282: 8237: 8236: 8232: 8173: 8115: 8114: 8113:(spotted skunks) 8110: 8074: 8073: 8069: 7982: 7981: 7977: 7968: 7963: 7962: 7954: 7925: 7912: 7869:Crabeater seal ( 7844: 7839: 7838: 7834: 7800: 7799: 7798:(elephant seals) 7795: 7774:N. schauinslandi 7741: 7736: 7735: 7731: 7724: 7719: 7718: 7714: 7589: 7554: 7549: 7548: 7544: 7537: 7532: 7531: 7525: 7486:Brown fur seal ( 7461:A. galapagoensis 7348:Z. californianus 7315: 7282: 7277: 7276: 7262: 7232: 7224: 7216: 7160: 7159: 7155: 7149: 7064:Melursus ursinus 7055: 6998: 6993: 6990: 6983: 6950:Ethiopian wolf ( 6814: 6809: 6806: 6659: 6654: 6651: 6644: 6639: 6636: 6525:Blanford's fox ( 6508: 6501: 6442: 6400: 6394: 6391: 6384: 6376: 6368: 6170:Ruddy mongoose ( 6152:Javan mongoose ( 6083:Marsh mongoose ( 6076: 6055:C. platycephalus 5888: 5879: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5750: 5694:Malagasy civet ( 5678: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5652: 5647: 5574: 5569: 5566: 5535: 5530: 5527: 5520: 5516: 5503: 5467: 5294: 5291: 5255: 5252: 5243: 5153: 5149: 5138: 5133: 5120: 5026: 4968: 4957: 4944: 4738:Otocolobus manul 4729: 4651: 4527:Geoffroy's cat ( 4450: 4380: 4371: 4366: 4254: 4245: 4241: 4235: 4232: 4225: 4202:Banded linsang ( 4194: 4191: 4183: 4172: 4151: 4140: 4132: 4124: 4069: 4062: 4055: 4046: 4034:(Canis simensis) 3944: 3942: 3940: 3934: 3928:. Archived from 3917: 3898: 3884: 3869: 3855: 3853: 3852: 3846: 3839: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3801: 3795: 3779:Gutema, T. M., 3777: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3757: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3718: 3717:, pp. 27–28 3712: 3706: 3705:, pp. 26–27 3700: 3694: 3693:, pp. 22–26 3688: 3682: 3676: 3670: 3669:, pp. 40–46 3664: 3658: 3652: 3646: 3645: 3632: 3623: 3622:, pp. 19–20 3617: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3581: 3575: 3568: 3562: 3556: 3550: 3544: 3538: 3537: 3501: 3495: 3494: 3492: 3468: 3462: 3461: 3427: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3397: 3396: 3378: 3369: 3363: 3357: 3348: 3342: 3331: 3330: 3320: 3279: 3273: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3249: 3216: 3210: 3209: 3207: 3183: 3177: 3171: 3165: 3159: 3153: 3150: 3144: 3143: 3098: 3092: 3091: 3081: 3040: 3034: 3025: 3019: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2986: 2980: 2971: 2965: 2959: 2958: 2951: 2945: 2939: 2930: 2924: 2918: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2894: 2885: 2876: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2861:"Ethiopian Wolf" 2857: 2851: 2845: 2834: 2833: 2831: 2825:. Archived from 2793:(8): 2275–2286. 2784: 2771: 2762: 2761: 2759: 2758: 2752: 2746:. Archived from 2713: 2709:"Canis simensis" 2704: 2685: 2684: 2662: 2651: 2637: 2631: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2621: 2591: 2570: 2569: 2559: 2518: 2494: 2488: 2482: 2467: 2461: 2454: 2358:Encounters with 2248:in North Wollo. 2228:Canine distemper 2117:canine distemper 1963:Simien Mountains 1936: 1893:Simien Mountains 1704:Simien Mountains 1613:gestation period 1463: 1444: 1436: 1428: 1426: 1418: 1397:Simien Mountains 1380: 1342: 1237:John Edward Gray 1166:African wild dog 1113: 1093: 1080: 1072: 1049: 1043:African wild dog 1020: 991: 964: 935: 906: 868: 848: 847: 833: 826: 819: 811: 803: 795: 787: 779: 771: 757: 748:wolf-like canids 740: 739: 709:Simien Mountains 552: 523: 522: 513:Indigenous names 503:Ethiopian jackal 352: 344: 336: 328: 320: 298: 281: 261:C. simensis 178: 177: 157: 152: 151: 125: 115: 45: 38:Temporal range: 32: 21: 9921: 9920: 9916: 9915: 9914: 9912: 9911: 9910: 9851: 9850: 9849: 9844: 9836: 9831: 9823: 9818: 9810: 9805: 9797: 9792: 9784: 9781:Observation.org 9779: 9771: 9766: 9758: 9753: 9745: 9740: 9732: 9727: 9719: 9714: 9706: 9701: 9693: 9688: 9680: 9675: 9667: 9662: 9654: 9649: 9641: 9639: 9631: 9626: 9618: 9613: 9605: 9600: 9591: 9590: 9585: 9576: 9575: 9570: 9557: 9547: 9526: 9502:M. richardsonii 9446:European mink ( 9363: 9362: 9360: 9350: 9342:American mink ( 9315:Amazon weasel ( 9286: 9244: 9220: 9187: 9170: 9146: 9095: 9072: 9071: 9069: 9053: 9020: 9003: 8973: 8972: 8970: 8958: 8941:Lesser grison ( 8930: 8929: 8927: 8917: 8878: 8796: 8795: 8793: 8783: 8759: 8735: 8709: 8645: 8644: 8642: 8628: 8577: 8529: 8528: 8526: 8518: 8494: 8475: 8462: 8441: 8413: 8380: 8341: 8340: 8338: 8330: 8284: 8283: 8281: 8271: 8234: 8233: 8231: 8221: 8188: 8158: 8125:S. angustifrons 8112: 8111: 8109: 8099: 8072:(stink badgers) 8071: 8070: 8068: 8058: 8050:Striped skunk ( 8025: 8019:C. semistriatus 7979: 7978: 7976: 7956: 7955: 7953: 7945: 7939:Ailurus fulgens 7919: 7886: 7836: 7835: 7833: 7825: 7797: 7796: 7794: 7780: 7756: 7733: 7732: 7730: 7716: 7715: 7713: 7697: 7655: 7622: 7578: 7546: 7545: 7543: 7529: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7512: 7425: 7408: 7384: 7363: 7330: 7304: 7271: 7266: 7264: 7263: 7261: 7257: 7252: 7226: 7222: 7194: 7174: 7157: 7156: 7130: 7079: 7044: 7020: 6991: 6989: 6979: 6958: 6887:Golden jackal ( 6871: 6845: 6807: 6805: 6793: 6724: 6718:Cerdocyon thous 6698: 6674: 6652: 6650: 6637: 6635: 6623: 6588:Rüppell's fox ( 6502: 6500: 6490: 6475:N. procyonoides 6457: 6449:Bat-eared fox ( 6431: 6396: 6392: 6378: 6374: 6342: 6327:H. pulverulenta 6282: 6240: 6196: 6163:U. semitorquata 6118:U. auropunctata 6100: 6061: 6010: 5977: 5960: 5927: 5910: 5872: 5870: 5865: 5864: 5848: 5815: 5798: 5765: 5759:Galidia elegans 5735: 5702: 5662: 5660: 5658: 5648: 5643: 5622: 5614:Spotted hyena ( 5598: 5581:Striped hyena ( 5567: 5565: 5557: 5528: 5526: 5510: 5485: 5445: 5383:Aquatic genet ( 5374:Pardine genet ( 5311:Angolan genet ( 5292: 5290: 5280: 5265:P. richardsonii 5253: 5251: 5228: 5211:Malayan civet ( 5177: 5169:African civet ( 5145: 5144: 5134: 5129: 5128: 5124: 5110: 5068: 5015: 5000:Diplogale hosei 4964: 4951: 4926: 4886: 4804: 4744: 4724: 4714: 4690: 4673: 4646: 4640: 4614:Eurasian lynx ( 4589: 4498: 4465: 4445: 4435: 4402: 4375: 4367: 4362: 4345: 4285: 4237: 4233: 4219: 4192: 4179: 4166: 4147: 4134: 4130: 4118: 4080: 4073: 4032:Ethiopian wolf 4023:Wayback Machine 3980: 3951: 3949:Further reading 3938: 3936: 3932: 3926: 3915: 3901: 3889:Rüppell, Eduard 3887: 3872: 3858: 3850: 3848: 3844: 3837: 3830: 3827: 3822: 3821: 3811: 3809: 3808:. New Scientist 3803: 3802: 3798: 3794:(November 2015) 3788:Wayback Machine 3778: 3774: 3764: 3762: 3755: 3750: 3749: 3745: 3737: 3733: 3725: 3721: 3713: 3709: 3701: 3697: 3689: 3685: 3677: 3673: 3665: 3661: 3653: 3649: 3634: 3633: 3626: 3618: 3611: 3583: 3582: 3578: 3569: 3565: 3557: 3553: 3545: 3541: 3518:10.1038/nrg2664 3506:Nat. Rev. Genet 3503: 3502: 3498: 3470: 3469: 3465: 3425: 3420: 3419: 3415: 3407: 3400: 3376: 3371: 3370: 3366: 3358: 3351: 3343: 3334: 3289:Current Biology 3281: 3280: 3276: 3267: 3263: 3232:(16): 2158–65. 3226:Current Biology 3218: 3217: 3213: 3185: 3184: 3180: 3172: 3168: 3160: 3156: 3151: 3147: 3100: 3099: 3095: 3042: 3041: 3037: 3026: 3022: 3008: 3004: 2996: 2989: 2981: 2974: 2966: 2962: 2957:. 28 July 2012. 2953: 2952: 2948: 2940: 2933: 2925: 2921: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2892: 2887: 2886: 2879: 2869: 2867: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2846: 2837: 2829: 2782: 2773: 2772: 2765: 2756: 2754: 2750: 2728:10.2307/3504136 2711: 2706: 2705: 2688: 2681: 2664: 2663: 2654: 2638: 2634: 2624: 2622: 2593: 2592: 2573: 2520: 2519: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2497: 2489: 2485: 2468: 2464: 2455: 2451: 2446: 2434: 2372: 2356: 2342: 2313: 2289: 2271: 2254: 2236: 2219: 2202: 2004:, South Gondar 1885: 1794: 1696: 1691: 1646: 1622:pseudopregnancy 1601: 1584: 1568: 1515:as well as the 1494: 1466:de Beaux, 1922 1458: 1454: 1445:(Heuglin, 1862) 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1429:(Heuglin, 1862) 1427: 1424:C. s. semiensis 1422: 1421: 1417: 1415:C. s. crinensis 1375: 1369: 1365: 1330: 1293: 1187:Canis evolution 1150: 1141: 1132: 1123: 1059: 1030: 1001: 986:Ethiopian wolf 974: 945: 916: 887: 878: 842: 763: 3.5 738: 686:Sanetti Plateau 616: 606: 599: 585: 576: 558:Indigenous name 544: 543: 542: 533:Without proper 524: 520: 515: 507:Abyssinian wolf 487: 445:, resulting in 424:mountain ranges 289: 283: 277: 264: 172: 164: 153: 149: 142: 132:Sanetti Plateau 116: 114: 113: 112: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 51: 40: 39: 36: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9919: 9917: 9909: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9853: 9852: 9846: 9845: 9843: 9842: 9829: 9816: 9803: 9790: 9777: 9764: 9751: 9738: 9725: 9712: 9699: 9686: 9673: 9660: 9647: 9637: 9624: 9620:canis-simensis 9611: 9607:Canis_simensis 9598: 9593:Canis simensis 9583: 9567: 9565: 9563:Canis simensis 9559: 9558: 9553: 9544: 9543: 9540: 9539: 9536: 9535: 9532: 9531: 9528: 9527: 9525: 9524: 9520:M. strigidorsa 9515: 9506: 9497: 9488: 9479: 9473:Least weasel ( 9470: 9461: 9452: 9443: 9434: 9425: 9419:Haida ermine ( 9416: 9407: 9403:M. eversmannii 9398: 9389: 9380: 9370: 9368: 9352: 9351: 9349: 9348: 9339: 9330: 9321: 9311: 9309: 9298: 9292: 9291: 9288: 9287: 9285: 9284: 9275: 9266: 9256: 9254: 9246: 9245: 9243: 9242: 9232: 9230: 9222: 9221: 9219: 9218: 9209: 9199: 9197: 9189: 9188: 9186: 9185: 9175: 9172: 9171: 9169: 9168: 9158: 9156: 9148: 9147: 9145: 9144: 9135: 9131:L. longicaudis 9126: 9120:Marine otter ( 9117: 9107: 9105: 9097: 9096: 9094: 9093: 9083: 9077: 9063: 9062: 9059: 9058: 9055: 9054: 9052: 9051: 9042: 9032: 9030: 9022: 9021: 9019: 9018: 9008: 9005: 9004: 9002: 9001: 8991: 8989: 8978: 8964: 8963: 8960: 8959: 8957: 8956: 8947: 8937: 8935: 8919: 8918: 8916: 8915: 8905: 8899: 8890: 8884: 8883: 8880: 8879: 8877: 8876: 8867: 8858: 8849: 8840: 8834:Beech marten ( 8831: 8822: 8813: 8803: 8801: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8781: 8771: 8769: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8757: 8747: 8745: 8737: 8736: 8734: 8733: 8723: 8717: 8711: 8710: 8708: 8707: 8698: 8689: 8680: 8671: 8662: 8652: 8650: 8634: 8633: 8630: 8629: 8627: 8626: 8617: 8611:Asian badger ( 8608: 8599: 8589: 8587: 8579: 8578: 8576: 8575: 8566: 8557: 8553:A. albogularis 8547: 8545: 8534: 8520: 8519: 8517: 8516: 8510:Honey badger ( 8506: 8504: 8496: 8495: 8493: 8492: 8482: 8476: 8471: 8464: 8463: 8458: 8451: 8450: 8447: 8446: 8443: 8442: 8440: 8439: 8438: 8437: 8431: 8429: 8423: 8422: 8419: 8418: 8415: 8414: 8412: 8411: 8402: 8392: 8390: 8382: 8381: 8379: 8378: 8369: 8359: 8357: 8346: 8332: 8331: 8329: 8328: 8319: 8310: 8301: 8291: 8289: 8273: 8272: 8270: 8269: 8260: 8251: 8247:P. cancrivorus 8241: 8239: 8223: 8222: 8220: 8219: 8215:B. sumichrasti 8210: 8200: 8198: 8190: 8189: 8187: 8186: 8176: 8170: 8164: 8163: 8160: 8159: 8157: 8156: 8147: 8138: 8129: 8119: 8117: 8101: 8100: 8098: 8097: 8088: 8078: 8076: 8060: 8059: 8057: 8056: 8047: 8041:Hooded skunk ( 8037: 8035: 8027: 8026: 8024: 8023: 8014: 8005: 7996: 7986: 7984: 7965: 7947: 7946: 7944: 7943: 7933: 7931: 7921: 7920: 7915: 7908: 7907: 7904: 7903: 7900: 7899: 7896: 7895: 7892: 7891: 7888: 7887: 7885: 7884: 7875: 7866: 7860:Weddell seal ( 7857: 7851:Leopard seal ( 7847: 7841: 7827: 7826: 7824: 7823: 7814: 7804: 7802: 7786: 7785: 7782: 7781: 7779: 7778: 7768: 7766: 7758: 7757: 7755: 7754: 7744: 7738: 7721: 7707: 7706: 7703: 7702: 7699: 7698: 7696: 7695: 7686: 7677: 7671:Caspian seal ( 7667: 7665: 7657: 7656: 7654: 7653: 7644: 7638:Spotted seal ( 7634: 7632: 7624: 7623: 7621: 7620: 7611: 7602: 7592: 7586: 7580: 7579: 7577: 7576: 7567: 7561:Bearded seal ( 7557: 7551: 7534: 7530:or true seals) 7528:(earless seals 7518: 7517: 7514: 7513: 7511: 7510: 7501: 7492: 7483: 7474: 7465: 7456: 7447: 7437: 7435: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7423: 7413: 7410: 7409: 7407: 7406: 7396: 7394: 7386: 7385: 7383: 7382: 7372: 7369: 7368: 7365: 7364: 7362: 7361: 7352: 7342: 7340: 7332: 7331: 7329: 7328: 7318: 7312: 7306: 7305: 7303: 7302: 7292: 7290: 7279: 7254: 7253: 7251: 7250: 7240: 7238: 7228: 7227: 7219: 7212: 7211: 7208: 7207: 7204: 7203: 7200: 7199: 7196: 7195: 7193: 7192: 7191: 7190: 7184: 7182: 7176: 7175: 7173: 7172: 7171: 7170: 7164: 7162: 7146: 7140: 7139: 7136: 7135: 7132: 7131: 7129: 7128: 7119: 7110: 7101: 7091: 7089: 7081: 7080: 7078: 7077: 7068: 7058: 7052: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7042: 7032: 7030: 7022: 7021: 7019: 7018: 7014:A. melanoleuca 7008: 7006: 6995: 6980: 6975: 6972: 6971: 6968: 6967: 6964: 6963: 6960: 6959: 6957: 6956: 6947: 6938: 6932:Eastern wolf ( 6929: 6920: 6914:African wolf ( 6911: 6902: 6896:Domestic dog ( 6893: 6883: 6881: 6873: 6872: 6870: 6869: 6860: 6850: 6847: 6846: 6844: 6843: 6834: 6824: 6822: 6811: 6799: 6798: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6791: 6782: 6776:Sechuran fox ( 6773: 6769:L. gymnocercus 6764: 6755: 6749:Darwin's fox ( 6746: 6736: 6734: 6726: 6725: 6723: 6722: 6713: 6703: 6700: 6699: 6697: 6696: 6686: 6684: 6676: 6675: 6673: 6672: 6662: 6656: 6641: 6629: 6628: 6625: 6624: 6622: 6621: 6612: 6603: 6594: 6585: 6576: 6567: 6558: 6549: 6540: 6531: 6522: 6518:V. bengalensis 6512: 6510: 6492: 6491: 6489: 6488: 6479: 6469: 6467: 6459: 6458: 6456: 6455: 6445: 6439: 6433: 6432: 6430: 6429: 6420: 6410: 6408: 6397: 6387: 6380: 6379: 6371: 6364: 6363: 6360: 6359: 6356: 6355: 6352: 6351: 6348: 6347: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6340: 6331: 6322: 6313: 6304: 6294: 6292: 6284: 6283: 6281: 6280: 6271: 6262: 6258:B. crassicauda 6252: 6250: 6242: 6241: 6239: 6238: 6229: 6220: 6211: 6201: 6198: 6197: 6195: 6194: 6185: 6176: 6167: 6158: 6149: 6140: 6131: 6122: 6112: 6110: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6098: 6089: 6079: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6059: 6050: 6041: 6032: 6022: 6020: 6012: 6011: 6009: 6008: 5999: 5989: 5987: 5979: 5978: 5976: 5975: 5965: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5958: 5949: 5939: 5937: 5929: 5928: 5926: 5925: 5915: 5912: 5911: 5909: 5908: 5898: 5896: 5885: 5876: 5858: 5857: 5854: 5853: 5850: 5849: 5847: 5846: 5837: 5827: 5825: 5817: 5816: 5814: 5813: 5803: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5796: 5792:G. grandidieri 5787: 5777: 5775: 5767: 5766: 5764: 5763: 5753: 5747: 5741: 5740: 5737: 5736: 5734: 5733: 5724: 5714: 5712: 5704: 5703: 5701: 5700: 5691: 5681: 5675: 5666: 5649: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5632: 5631: 5628: 5627: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5620: 5610: 5608: 5600: 5599: 5597: 5596: 5587: 5577: 5571: 5559: 5558: 5556: 5555: 5545: 5543: 5532: 5512: 5511: 5506: 5499: 5498: 5495: 5494: 5491: 5490: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5483: 5482: 5481: 5475: 5473: 5463: 5462: 5459: 5458: 5455: 5454: 5451: 5450: 5447: 5446: 5444: 5443: 5434: 5425: 5416: 5407: 5398: 5389: 5380: 5371: 5362: 5356:Letaba genet ( 5353: 5344: 5338:Common genet ( 5335: 5326: 5317: 5308: 5298: 5296: 5282: 5281: 5279: 5278: 5269: 5259: 5257: 5240: 5234: 5233: 5230: 5229: 5227: 5226: 5217: 5208: 5199: 5189: 5187: 5179: 5178: 5176: 5175: 5166: 5156: 5150: 5135: 5123: 5116: 5115: 5112: 5111: 5109: 5108: 5104:P. zeylonensis 5099: 5090: 5080: 5078: 5070: 5069: 5067: 5066: 5062:Paguma larvata 5057: 5048: 5039: 5029: 5023: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5013: 5004: 4995: 4986: 4976: 4974: 4965: 4960: 4953: 4952: 4947: 4940: 4939: 4936: 4935: 4932: 4931: 4928: 4927: 4925: 4924: 4923: 4922: 4916: 4914: 4908: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4900: 4899: 4896: 4895: 4892: 4891: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4884: 4875: 4866: 4857: 4848: 4839: 4833:Domestic cat ( 4830: 4820: 4818: 4810: 4809: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4802: 4793: 4789:P. rubiginosus 4784: 4775: 4766: 4762:P. bengalensis 4756: 4754: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4742: 4736:Pallas's cat ( 4732: 4726: 4720: 4719: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4712: 4702: 4700: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4688: 4678: 4675: 4674: 4672: 4671: 4661: 4659: 4648: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4638: 4629: 4623:Iberian lynx ( 4620: 4611: 4601: 4599: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4587: 4578: 4569: 4560: 4551: 4542: 4533: 4524: 4514: 4512: 4504: 4503: 4500: 4499: 4497: 4496: 4487: 4477: 4475: 4467: 4466: 4464: 4463: 4453: 4447: 4441: 4440: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4433: 4424: 4414: 4412: 4404: 4403: 4401: 4400: 4390: 4388: 4377: 4368: 4358: 4355: 4354: 4351: 4350: 4347: 4346: 4344: 4343: 4334: 4325: 4316: 4307: 4301:Snow leopard ( 4297: 4295: 4287: 4286: 4284: 4283: 4274: 4264: 4262: 4251: 4238: 4228: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4217: 4208: 4198: 4196: 4180: 4175: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4164: 4154: 4148: 4143: 4136: 4135: 4127: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4116: 4114:Laurasiatheria 4110: 4104: 4098: 4092: 4085: 4082: 4081: 4074: 4072: 4071: 4064: 4057: 4049: 4043: 4042: 4029: 4013: 4000: 3986: 3979: 3978:External links 3976: 3975: 3974: 3963: 3950: 3947: 3946: 3945: 3924: 3899: 3885: 3870: 3856: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3819: 3796: 3772: 3743: 3731: 3719: 3707: 3695: 3683: 3671: 3659: 3647: 3624: 3609: 3596:(1): 129–137. 3576: 3563: 3551: 3549:, pp. 3–4 3539: 3512:(11): 783–96. 3496: 3463: 3413: 3411:, pp. 4–5 3398: 3387:(3): 351–361. 3364: 3349: 3332: 3274: 3261: 3211: 3178: 3166: 3164:, pp. 2–3 3154: 3145: 3093: 3035: 3020: 3002: 2987: 2972: 2960: 2946: 2931: 2919: 2906:978-2831707860 2905: 2877: 2852: 2850:, pp. 7–8 2835: 2832:on 2013-05-16. 2778:Canis simensis 2763: 2686: 2679: 2652: 2632: 2598:Canis simensis 2571: 2505: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2495: 2483: 2462: 2448: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2441: 2440: 2433: 2430: 2371: 2368: 2364:Canis lupaster 2355: 2352: 2341: 2338: 2312: 2309: 2288: 2285: 2270: 2267: 2253: 2250: 2235: 2232: 2218: 2215: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2191: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2175:1,141 km 2173: 2170:Bale Mountains 2166: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2141:Arsi Mountains 2137: 2136: 2133: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2113: 2110: 2100: 2099: 2091: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2069: 2068: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2035: 2034: 2023: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 1998: 1997: 1990: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1959: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1933:Canis simensis 1925:Bale Mountains 1901:southern Wollo 1884: 1881: 1845:mountain nyala 1825:highland hares 1793: 1790: 1782:giant lobelias 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1659:mountain nyala 1645: 1642: 1600: 1597: 1583: 1580: 1576:Bale Mountains 1567: 1564: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1484: 1482:Bale Mountains 1474: 1467: 1464: 1456:C. s. citernii 1448: 1447: 1433:C. s. simensis 1412: 1389: 1387: 1381: 1367:C. s. simensis 1359: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1329: 1326: 1292: 1285: 1191: 1190: 1152: 1151: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1142: 1138: 1137: 1134: 1133: 1129: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1120: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1103: 1100: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1083: 1078: 1076: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1064: 1061: 1060: 1056: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1027: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1003: 1002: 998: 997: 994: 993: 983: 980: 979: 976: 975: 971: 970: 967: 966: 954: 951: 950: 947: 946: 942: 941: 938: 937: 925: 922: 921: 918: 917: 913: 912: 909: 908: 896: 893: 892: 889: 888: 884: 883: 880: 879: 875: 874: 871: 870: 858: 855: 854: 851: 850: 836: 831: 829: 824: 822: 817: 815: 809: 807: 801: 799: 793: 791: 785: 783: 777: 775: 769: 767: 755: 752: 751: 737: 734: 717:Arsi Mountains 655:Charles Darwin 647:British Museum 643:Eduard Rüppell 623:Canis simensis 615: 612: 609: 608: 605:Horse's jackal 603: 597:Jeedala fardaa 594: 588: 587: 582: 569: 563: 562: 559: 556: 549:Canis simensis 537:, you may see 525: 518: 517: 516: 514: 511: 486: 483: 428:Bale Mountains 388:native to the 369:Canis simensis 364:Ethiopian wolf 358: 357: 356: 355: 353:de Beaux, 1922 347: 339: 331: 323: 312: 311: 305: 304: 300: 299: 291: 290: 284: 279:Canis simensis 273: 272: 266: 265: 258: 256: 252: 251: 244: 240: 239: 234: 230: 229: 224: 220: 219: 214: 210: 209: 204: 200: 199: 194: 190: 189: 184: 180: 179: 166: 165: 147: 144: 143: 138: 135: 134: 127: 126: 118: 117: 109: 108: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 57: 52: 47: 46: 37: 35:Ethiopian wolf 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9918: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9858: 9856: 9839: 9834: 9830: 9826: 9821: 9817: 9813: 9808: 9804: 9800: 9795: 9791: 9787: 9782: 9778: 9774: 9769: 9765: 9761: 9756: 9752: 9748: 9743: 9739: 9735: 9730: 9726: 9722: 9717: 9713: 9709: 9704: 9700: 9696: 9691: 9687: 9683: 9678: 9674: 9670: 9665: 9661: 9657: 9652: 9648: 9644: 9638: 9634: 9629: 9625: 9621: 9616: 9612: 9608: 9603: 9599: 9594: 9588: 9584: 9579: 9573: 9569: 9568: 9566: 9564: 9560: 9556: 9551: 9523: 9521: 9516: 9514: 9512: 9507: 9505: 9503: 9498: 9496: 9494: 9489: 9487: 9485: 9480: 9478: 9476: 9471: 9469: 9467: 9462: 9460: 9458: 9457:M. lutreolina 9453: 9451: 9449: 9444: 9442: 9440: 9435: 9433: 9431: 9426: 9424: 9422: 9417: 9415: 9413: 9408: 9406: 9404: 9399: 9397: 9395: 9390: 9388: 9386: 9381: 9379: 9377: 9372: 9371: 9369: 9359: 9358: 9353: 9347: 9345: 9340: 9338: 9336: 9331: 9329: 9327: 9322: 9320: 9318: 9313: 9312: 9310: 9308: 9307: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9293: 9283: 9281: 9276: 9274: 9272: 9267: 9265: 9263: 9258: 9257: 9255: 9253: 9252: 9247: 9241: 9239: 9234: 9233: 9231: 9229: 9228: 9223: 9217: 9215: 9210: 9208: 9206: 9201: 9200: 9198: 9196: 9195: 9190: 9184: 9182: 9177: 9176: 9173: 9167: 9165: 9160: 9159: 9157: 9155: 9154: 9149: 9143: 9141: 9136: 9134: 9132: 9127: 9125: 9123: 9118: 9116: 9114: 9113:L. canadensis 9109: 9108: 9106: 9104: 9103: 9098: 9092: 9090: 9087:Giant otter ( 9085: 9084: 9081: 9078: 9068: 9064: 9050: 9048: 9043: 9041: 9039: 9034: 9033: 9031: 9029: 9028: 9023: 9017: 9015: 9010: 9009: 9006: 9000: 8998: 8993: 8992: 8990: 8988: 8987: 8982: 8979: 8969: 8965: 8955: 8953: 8948: 8946: 8944: 8939: 8938: 8936: 8926: 8925: 8920: 8914: 8912: 8907: 8906: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8885: 8875: 8873: 8868: 8866: 8864: 8859: 8857: 8855: 8850: 8848: 8846: 8845:M. gwatkinsii 8841: 8839: 8837: 8832: 8830: 8828: 8823: 8821: 8819: 8814: 8812: 8810: 8805: 8804: 8802: 8792: 8791: 8786: 8780: 8778: 8773: 8772: 8770: 8768: 8767: 8762: 8756: 8754: 8749: 8748: 8746: 8744: 8743: 8738: 8732: 8730: 8725: 8724: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8712: 8706: 8704: 8699: 8697: 8695: 8690: 8688: 8686: 8685:M. orientalis 8681: 8679: 8677: 8672: 8670: 8668: 8663: 8661: 8659: 8654: 8653: 8651: 8641: 8640: 8635: 8625: 8623: 8618: 8616: 8614: 8609: 8607: 8605: 8600: 8598: 8596: 8591: 8590: 8588: 8586: 8585: 8580: 8574: 8572: 8567: 8565: 8563: 8558: 8556: 8554: 8549: 8548: 8546: 8544: 8543: 8538: 8535: 8525: 8521: 8515: 8513: 8508: 8507: 8505: 8503: 8502: 8497: 8491: 8489: 8488:Taxidea taxus 8484: 8483: 8480: 8477: 8474: 8469: 8465: 8461: 8456: 8452: 8435: 8434: 8433: 8432: 8430: 8428: 8424: 8410: 8408: 8403: 8401: 8399: 8398:N. meridensis 8394: 8393: 8391: 8389: 8388: 8383: 8377: 8375: 8370: 8368: 8366: 8361: 8360: 8358: 8356: 8355: 8350: 8347: 8337: 8333: 8327: 8325: 8320: 8318: 8316: 8311: 8309: 8307: 8302: 8300: 8298: 8293: 8292: 8290: 8280: 8279: 8274: 8268: 8266: 8261: 8259: 8257: 8252: 8250: 8248: 8243: 8242: 8240: 8230: 8229: 8224: 8218: 8216: 8211: 8209: 8207: 8202: 8201: 8199: 8197: 8196: 8191: 8185: 8183: 8178: 8177: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8165: 8155: 8153: 8148: 8146: 8144: 8139: 8137: 8135: 8130: 8128: 8126: 8121: 8120: 8118: 8108: 8107: 8102: 8096: 8094: 8089: 8087: 8085: 8084:M. javanensis 8080: 8079: 8077: 8067: 8066: 8061: 8055: 8053: 8048: 8046: 8044: 8039: 8038: 8036: 8034: 8033: 8028: 8022: 8020: 8015: 8013: 8011: 8010:C. leuconotus 8006: 8004: 8002: 8001:C. humboldtii 7997: 7995: 7993: 7988: 7987: 7985: 7975: 7974: 7969: 7966: 7960: 7952: 7948: 7942: 7940: 7935: 7934: 7932: 7930: 7926: 7922: 7918: 7913: 7909: 7883: 7881: 7876: 7874: 7872: 7867: 7865: 7863: 7858: 7856: 7854: 7849: 7848: 7845: 7842: 7832: 7828: 7822: 7820: 7815: 7813: 7811: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7793: 7792: 7787: 7777: 7775: 7770: 7769: 7767: 7765: 7764: 7759: 7753: 7751: 7746: 7745: 7742: 7739: 7729: 7725: 7722: 7712: 7708: 7694: 7692: 7689:Baikal seal ( 7687: 7685: 7683: 7680:Ringed seal ( 7678: 7676: 7674: 7669: 7668: 7666: 7664: 7663: 7658: 7652: 7650: 7647:Harbor seal ( 7645: 7643: 7641: 7636: 7635: 7633: 7631: 7630: 7625: 7619: 7617: 7612: 7610: 7608: 7605:Ribbon seal ( 7603: 7601: 7599: 7594: 7593: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7581: 7575: 7573: 7570:Hooded seal ( 7568: 7566: 7564: 7559: 7558: 7555: 7552: 7542: 7538: 7535: 7523: 7519: 7509: 7507: 7506:A. tropicalis 7502: 7500: 7498: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7484: 7482: 7480: 7475: 7473: 7471: 7466: 7464: 7462: 7457: 7455: 7453: 7448: 7446: 7444: 7439: 7438: 7436: 7434: 7433: 7432:Arctocephalus 7428: 7422: 7420: 7415: 7414: 7411: 7405: 7403: 7398: 7397: 7395: 7393: 7392: 7387: 7381: 7379: 7374: 7373: 7370: 7360: 7358: 7357:Z. wollebaeki 7353: 7351: 7349: 7344: 7343: 7341: 7339: 7338: 7333: 7327: 7325: 7320: 7319: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7307: 7301: 7299: 7294: 7293: 7291: 7289: 7288: 7283: 7280: 7274: 7269: 7265:(eared seals: 7260: 7255: 7249: 7247: 7242: 7241: 7239: 7237: 7233: 7229: 7225: 7217: 7213: 7188: 7187: 7186: 7185: 7183: 7181: 7177: 7168: 7167: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7154: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7141: 7127: 7125: 7120: 7118: 7116: 7111: 7109: 7107: 7106:U. thibetanus 7102: 7100: 7098: 7097:U. americanus 7093: 7092: 7090: 7088: 7087: 7082: 7076: 7074: 7069: 7067: 7065: 7060: 7059: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7047: 7041: 7039: 7034: 7033: 7031: 7029: 7028: 7023: 7017: 7015: 7012:Giant panda ( 7010: 7009: 7007: 7005: 7004: 6999: 6996: 6988: 6984: 6981: 6978: 6973: 6955: 6953: 6948: 6946: 6944: 6939: 6937: 6935: 6930: 6928: 6926: 6921: 6919: 6917: 6912: 6910: 6908: 6903: 6901: 6899: 6898:C. familiaris 6894: 6892: 6890: 6885: 6884: 6882: 6880: 6879: 6874: 6868: 6866: 6861: 6859: 6857: 6856:Lycaon pictus 6852: 6851: 6848: 6842: 6840: 6835: 6833: 6831: 6826: 6825: 6823: 6821: 6820: 6815: 6812: 6804: 6800: 6790: 6788: 6783: 6781: 6779: 6774: 6772: 6770: 6765: 6763: 6761: 6756: 6754: 6752: 6747: 6745: 6743: 6738: 6737: 6735: 6733: 6732: 6727: 6721: 6719: 6714: 6712: 6710: 6705: 6704: 6701: 6695: 6693: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6682: 6677: 6671: 6669: 6664: 6663: 6660: 6657: 6649: 6645: 6642: 6634: 6630: 6620: 6618: 6613: 6611: 6609: 6604: 6602: 6600: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6586: 6584: 6582: 6577: 6575: 6573: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6559: 6557: 6555: 6552:Tibetan fox ( 6550: 6548: 6546: 6541: 6539: 6537: 6532: 6530: 6528: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6506: 6499: 6498: 6493: 6487: 6485: 6484:N. viverrinus 6480: 6478: 6476: 6471: 6470: 6468: 6466: 6465: 6460: 6454: 6452: 6447: 6446: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6434: 6428: 6426: 6425:U. littoralis 6421: 6419: 6417: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6407: 6406: 6401: 6398: 6390: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6369: 6365: 6339: 6337: 6332: 6330: 6328: 6323: 6321: 6319: 6314: 6312: 6310: 6305: 6303: 6301: 6300:H. flavescens 6296: 6295: 6293: 6291: 6290: 6285: 6279: 6277: 6272: 6270: 6268: 6263: 6261: 6259: 6254: 6253: 6251: 6249: 6248: 6243: 6237: 6235: 6230: 6228: 6226: 6221: 6219: 6217: 6212: 6210: 6208: 6203: 6202: 6199: 6193: 6191: 6190:U. vitticolla 6186: 6184: 6182: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6168: 6166: 6164: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6150: 6148: 6146: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6132: 6130: 6128: 6123: 6121: 6119: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6109: 6108: 6103: 6097: 6095: 6094:Xenogale naso 6090: 6088: 6086: 6081: 6080: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6068: 6058: 6056: 6051: 6049: 6047: 6042: 6040: 6038: 6033: 6031: 6029: 6024: 6023: 6021: 6019: 6018: 6013: 6007: 6005: 6000: 5998: 5996: 5991: 5990: 5988: 5986: 5985: 5980: 5974: 5972: 5967: 5966: 5963: 5957: 5955: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5936: 5935: 5930: 5924: 5922: 5917: 5916: 5913: 5907: 5905: 5900: 5899: 5897: 5895: 5894: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5880: 5877: 5868: 5867:sensu stricto 5863: 5859: 5845: 5843: 5838: 5836: 5834: 5829: 5828: 5826: 5824: 5823: 5818: 5812: 5810: 5805: 5804: 5801: 5795: 5793: 5788: 5786: 5784: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5773: 5768: 5762: 5760: 5755: 5754: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5742: 5732: 5730: 5725: 5723: 5721: 5716: 5715: 5713: 5711: 5710: 5705: 5699: 5697: 5696:Fossa fossana 5692: 5690: 5688: 5683: 5682: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5670: 5667: 5657: 5653: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5637: 5619: 5617: 5612: 5611: 5609: 5607: 5606: 5601: 5595: 5593: 5590:Brown hyena ( 5588: 5586: 5584: 5583:Hyaena hyaena 5579: 5578: 5575: 5572: 5564: 5560: 5554: 5552: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5541: 5536: 5533: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5504: 5500: 5479: 5478: 5477: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5442: 5440: 5435: 5433: 5431: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5410:Hausa genet ( 5408: 5406: 5404: 5399: 5397: 5395: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5345: 5343: 5341: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5327: 5325: 5323: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5313:G. angolensis 5309: 5307: 5305: 5304:G. abyssinica 5300: 5299: 5297: 5289: 5288: 5283: 5277: 5275: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5261: 5260: 5258: 5250: 5249: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5235: 5225: 5223: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5213:V. tangalunga 5209: 5207: 5205: 5200: 5198: 5196: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5186: 5185: 5180: 5174: 5172: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5158: 5157: 5154: 5151: 5148: 5147:sensu stricto 5143: 5139: 5136: 5132: 5127: 5121: 5117: 5107: 5105: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5076: 5071: 5065: 5063: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5040: 5038: 5036: 5031: 5030: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5021:Paradoxurinae 5018: 5012: 5010: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4989:Otter civet ( 4987: 4985: 4983: 4978: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4969: 4966: 4963: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4945: 4941: 4920: 4919: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4909: 4883: 4881: 4880:F. silvestris 4876: 4874: 4872: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4858: 4856: 4854: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4816: 4811: 4801: 4799: 4798:P. viverrinus 4796:Fishing cat ( 4794: 4792: 4790: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4771:P. javanensis 4767: 4765: 4763: 4760:Leopard cat ( 4758: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4752: 4747: 4741: 4739: 4734: 4733: 4730: 4727: 4721: 4711: 4709: 4704: 4703: 4701: 4699: 4698: 4693: 4687: 4685: 4680: 4679: 4676: 4670: 4668: 4663: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4657: 4652: 4649: 4643: 4637: 4635: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4607:L. canadensis 4605:Canada lynx ( 4603: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4597: 4592: 4586: 4584: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4543: 4541: 4539: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4525: 4523: 4521: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4510: 4505: 4495: 4493: 4488: 4486: 4484: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4473: 4468: 4462: 4460: 4455: 4454: 4451: 4448: 4442: 4432: 4430: 4429:C. temminckii 4425: 4423: 4421: 4416: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4410: 4405: 4399: 4397: 4394:Marbled cat ( 4392: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4386: 4381: 4378: 4372: 4369: 4365: 4364:sensu stricto 4361: 4356: 4342: 4340: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4299: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4293: 4288: 4282: 4280: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4266: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4260: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4239: 4231: 4226: 4222: 4216: 4214: 4213:P. pardicolor 4209: 4207: 4205: 4200: 4199: 4197: 4190: 4189: 4184: 4181: 4178: 4173: 4169: 4163: 4161: 4156: 4155: 4152: 4149: 4146: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4125: 4121: 4115: 4111: 4109: 4105: 4103: 4099: 4097: 4093: 4091: 4087: 4086: 4083: 4078: 4070: 4065: 4063: 4058: 4056: 4051: 4050: 4047: 4040: 4036: 4035: 4030: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4001: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3981: 3977: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3962:, March 2006. 3961: 3957: 3953: 3952: 3948: 3931: 3927: 3921: 3914: 3913: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3895: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3881: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3866: 3861: 3857: 3847:on 2014-09-08 3843: 3836: 3835: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3807: 3800: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3782: 3776: 3773: 3761: 3754: 3747: 3744: 3740: 3735: 3732: 3728: 3723: 3720: 3716: 3711: 3708: 3704: 3699: 3696: 3692: 3687: 3684: 3680: 3675: 3672: 3668: 3663: 3660: 3656: 3651: 3648: 3643: 3642: 3637: 3631: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3616: 3614: 3610: 3604: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3580: 3577: 3573: 3567: 3564: 3561:, p. 207 3560: 3555: 3552: 3548: 3543: 3540: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3500: 3497: 3491: 3486: 3483:(3): 579–89. 3482: 3478: 3474: 3467: 3464: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3424: 3417: 3414: 3410: 3405: 3403: 3399: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3375: 3368: 3365: 3361: 3356: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3333: 3328: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3278: 3275: 3271: 3265: 3262: 3257: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3215: 3212: 3206: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3182: 3179: 3176:, p. 459 3175: 3170: 3167: 3163: 3158: 3155: 3149: 3146: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3110:(4): 301–12. 3109: 3105: 3097: 3094: 3089: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3039: 3036: 3032: 3031: 3024: 3021: 3017: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3003: 2999: 2994: 2992: 2988: 2985:, p. 462 2984: 2983:Lydekker 1908 2979: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2964: 2961: 2956: 2950: 2947: 2943: 2938: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2923: 2920: 2908: 2902: 2898: 2891: 2884: 2882: 2878: 2866: 2862: 2856: 2853: 2849: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2836: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2781: 2779: 2770: 2768: 2764: 2753:on 2015-09-24 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2710: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2687: 2682: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2636: 2633: 2620: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2606: 2601: 2599: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2572: 2567: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2507: 2500: 2493: 2487: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2466: 2463: 2459: 2453: 2450: 2443: 2439: 2436: 2435: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2398: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2379: 2377: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2361: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2322: 2318: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2298: 2293: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2277: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2259: 2258:fragmentation 2251: 2249: 2247: 2242: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2199: 2192: 2190: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2167: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2139: 2138: 2134: 2131: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2097: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2037: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2021: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1988: 1987: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1957:Conservation 1956: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1934: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1859:. Undigested 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1791: 1789: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1778: 1773: 1772: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1744: 1740: 1734: 1732: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1705: 1700: 1693: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1672: 1666: 1662: 1660: 1650: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1605:mating season 1598: 1596: 1592: 1589: 1581: 1577: 1572: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1541: 1540: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1503: 1498: 1491: 1485: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1472: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1457: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1442: 1434: 1425: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1373: 1368: 1364: 1361: 1360: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1340: 1338: 1336: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1314: 1310: 1309:golden jackal 1306: 1302: 1298: 1290: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1278: 1277:RAD sequences 1274: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1253:Oscar Neumann 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1229: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1195: 1189: 1188: 1185:See further: 1183: 1182: 1181: 1179: 1175: 1170: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1145: 1144: 1136: 1135: 1127: 1126: 1118: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1108: 1102: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1082: 1081: 1074: 1073: 1067: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1054: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1025: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1009: 1008: 1005: 1004: 996: 995: 992: 990: 982: 981: 978: 977: 969: 968: 965: 963: 959: 958:Golden jackal 953: 952: 949: 948: 940: 939: 936: 934: 930: 924: 923: 920: 919: 911: 910: 907: 905: 901: 895: 894: 891: 890: 882: 881: 873: 872: 869: 867: 863: 857: 856: 853: 852: 849: 846: 841: 835: 834: 828: 827: 821: 820: 813: 812: 805: 804: 797: 796: 789: 788: 781: 780: 773: 772: 766: 762: 759: 758: 754: 753: 749: 745: 742: 741: 735: 733: 731: 727: 723: 718: 714: 710: 706: 701: 699: 695: 694:domestic dogs 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 669: 667: 663: 659: 656: 652: 648: 644: 635: 628: 624: 620: 613: 604: 602: 598: 595: 593: 590: 589: 583: 580: 574: 570: 568: 565: 564: 560: 557: 554: 553: 550: 540: 536: 532: 530: 529:Ethiopic text 512: 510: 508: 504: 500: 499:Simien jackal 496: 492: 484: 482: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 459:interbreeding 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 431: 429: 425: 421: 416: 414: 410: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 378:Simien jackal 375: 371: 370: 365: 351: 348: 345:Heuglin, 1862 343: 340: 335: 332: 329:Heuglin, 1862 327: 324: 319: 316: 315: 313: 310: 306: 301: 297: 292: 287: 282: 280: 274: 271: 270:Binomial name 267: 263: 262: 257: 254: 253: 250: 249: 245: 242: 241: 238: 235: 232: 231: 228: 225: 222: 221: 218: 215: 212: 211: 208: 205: 202: 201: 198: 195: 192: 191: 188: 185: 182: 181: 176: 171: 167: 161: 156: 145: 141: 136: 133: 128: 124: 119: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 44: 33: 30: 19: 9562: 9519: 9510: 9501: 9492: 9483: 9474: 9465: 9456: 9447: 9438: 9429: 9420: 9411: 9402: 9393: 9384: 9375: 9355: 9343: 9334: 9325: 9316: 9304: 9279: 9270: 9261: 9249: 9237: 9225: 9214:L. sumatrana 9213: 9204: 9192: 9180: 9163: 9151: 9139: 9130: 9121: 9112: 9100: 9088: 9046: 9037: 9025: 9013: 8997:V. peregusna 8996: 8984: 8951: 8942: 8922: 8910: 8897:Lyncodontini 8888:Ictonychinae 8872:M. zibellina 8871: 8862: 8853: 8844: 8835: 8827:M. flavigula 8826: 8817: 8809:M. americana 8808: 8788: 8776: 8764: 8752: 8740: 8729:Eira barbara 8728: 8702: 8694:M. personata 8693: 8684: 8675: 8666: 8657: 8637: 8621: 8612: 8604:M. canescens 8603: 8594: 8582: 8570: 8561: 8552: 8540: 8511: 8499: 8487: 8406: 8397: 8385: 8373: 8364: 8352: 8323: 8314: 8305: 8296: 8276: 8264: 8255: 8246: 8226: 8214: 8213:Cacomistle ( 8205: 8193: 8182:Potos flavus 8181: 8151: 8142: 8133: 8124: 8104: 8092: 8083: 8063: 8051: 8042: 8030: 8018: 8009: 8000: 7991: 7971: 7938: 7879: 7870: 7861: 7852: 7818: 7809: 7789: 7773: 7761: 7749: 7734:(monk seals) 7690: 7681: 7672: 7660: 7648: 7639: 7627: 7615: 7606: 7597: 7571: 7562: 7505: 7497:A. townsendi 7496: 7487: 7479:A. philippii 7478: 7469: 7460: 7451: 7443:A. australis 7442: 7430: 7418: 7401: 7389: 7377: 7356: 7347: 7335: 7323: 7297: 7285: 7245: 7124:U. maritimus 7123: 7122:Polar bear ( 7114: 7113:Brown bear ( 7105: 7096: 7084: 7072: 7063: 7062:Sloth bear ( 7037: 7025: 7013: 7001: 6951: 6949: 6942: 6933: 6924: 6915: 6906: 6897: 6888: 6876: 6865:Cuon alpinus 6864: 6855: 6839:L. mesomelas 6838: 6829: 6817: 6786: 6777: 6768: 6767:Pampas fox ( 6759: 6750: 6741: 6729: 6717: 6708: 6692:S. venaticus 6691: 6679: 6667: 6666:Maned wolf ( 6648:Cerdocyonina 6616: 6615:Fennec fox ( 6607: 6598: 6590:V. rueppelli 6589: 6580: 6571: 6562: 6561:Arctic fox ( 6554:V. ferrilata 6553: 6544: 6543:Corsac fox ( 6535: 6526: 6517: 6516:Bengal fox ( 6495: 6483: 6474: 6462: 6450: 6424: 6423:Island fox ( 6415: 6403: 6336:H. sanguinea 6335: 6326: 6317: 6309:H. ichneumon 6308: 6299: 6287: 6275: 6266: 6257: 6245: 6233: 6224: 6215: 6206: 6189: 6180: 6171: 6162: 6153: 6144: 6136:U. edwardsii 6135: 6127:U. brachyura 6126: 6117: 6105: 6093: 6084: 6054: 6045: 6036: 6028:C. alexandri 6027: 6015: 6003: 5994: 5982: 5970: 5953: 5945:M. gambianus 5944: 5932: 5920: 5904:S. suricatta 5903: 5891: 5866: 5841: 5832: 5820: 5808: 5791: 5782: 5770: 5758: 5728: 5719: 5707: 5695: 5686: 5663:carnivorans) 5644: 5615: 5603: 5591: 5582: 5550: 5538: 5508:Herpestoidea 5471:Herpestoidea 5438: 5430:G. victoriae 5429: 5420: 5419:Cape genet ( 5411: 5403:G. servalina 5402: 5393: 5392:King genet ( 5385:G. piscivora 5384: 5375: 5366: 5357: 5349:G. johnstoni 5348: 5339: 5330: 5321: 5312: 5303: 5285: 5274:P. leightoni 5273: 5264: 5246: 5221: 5212: 5204:V. megaspila 5203: 5195:V. civettina 5194: 5182: 5170: 5161: 5146: 5130: 5103: 5094: 5085: 5073: 5061: 5052: 5043: 5034: 5008: 4999: 4990: 4981: 4879: 4870: 4862:F. margarita 4861: 4852: 4843: 4842:Jungle cat ( 4834: 4825: 4813: 4797: 4788: 4780:P. planiceps 4779: 4770: 4761: 4751:Prionailurus 4749: 4737: 4707: 4695: 4683: 4682:Jaguarundi ( 4666: 4654: 4633: 4624: 4615: 4606: 4594: 4582: 4573: 4564: 4555: 4546: 4537: 4529:L. geoffroyi 4528: 4519: 4518:Pampas cat ( 4507: 4491: 4482: 4470: 4458: 4428: 4419: 4407: 4396:P. marmorata 4395: 4383: 4363: 4338: 4329: 4320: 4311: 4302: 4290: 4278: 4269: 4257: 4212: 4203: 4186: 4159: 4112:Superorder: 4106:Infraclass: 4033: 3973:, July 2004. 3970: 3959: 3937:. Retrieved 3930:the original 3911: 3893: 3878: 3864: 3849:. Retrieved 3842:the original 3833: 3810:. Retrieved 3799: 3791: 3775: 3763:. Retrieved 3759: 3746: 3741:, p. 30 3734: 3729:, p. 29 3722: 3710: 3698: 3686: 3681:, p. 22 3674: 3662: 3657:, p. 10 3650: 3639: 3593: 3589: 3579: 3566: 3554: 3542: 3509: 3505: 3499: 3480: 3476: 3466: 3433: 3429: 3416: 3384: 3380: 3367: 3347:, p. 32 3292: 3288: 3277: 3269: 3264: 3229: 3225: 3214: 3195: 3191: 3181: 3169: 3157: 3148: 3107: 3103: 3096: 3053: 3049: 3038: 3028: 3023: 3013: 3005: 2970:, p. 39 2968:Rüppell 1835 2963: 2949: 2922: 2910:. Retrieved 2896: 2868:. Retrieved 2864: 2855: 2827:the original 2790: 2786: 2777: 2755:. Retrieved 2748:the original 2722:(485): 1–6. 2719: 2715: 2670: 2640:Rüppell 1835 2635: 2623:. Retrieved 2609: 2603: 2597: 2531: 2527: 2486: 2465: 2452: 2427: 2423: 2403: 2399: 2380: 2373: 2370:Conservation 2363: 2357: 2343: 2314: 2305:soil erosion 2301: 2272: 2255: 2237: 2234:Habitat loss 2224:vaccinations 2220: 2203: 2149:870 km 2129: 2020:habitat loss 1984: 1932: 1886: 1841:rock hyraxes 1810: 1804: 1780:bushes, and 1775: 1769: 1763: 1746: 1735: 1708: 1675: 1668: 1664: 1655: 1626: 1602: 1593: 1585: 1561: 1544: 1537: 1526:canine teeth 1517:African wolf 1506: 1455: 1451: 1440: 1437:(Gray, 1869) 1432: 1423: 1414: 1366: 1362: 1351:Description 1337:Volume Three 1333: 1331: 1300: 1294: 1288: 1273:Canis aureus 1272: 1269: 1260: 1248: 1226: 1224: 1220:interglacial 1212: 1184: 1177: 1171: 1155: 1105: 1085: 1041: 1012: 985: 956: 929:African wolf 927: 898: 860: 840:Domestic dog 838: 702: 670: 658:hypothesised 640: 626: 622: 600: 596: 578: 572: 548: 526: 506: 502: 498: 495:Simenian fox 494: 490: 488: 432: 417: 394:horse jackal 393: 381: 377: 373: 368: 367: 363: 361: 349: 341: 333: 326:C. semiensis 325: 318:C. crinensis 317: 278: 276: 260: 259: 247: 29: 9677:iNaturalist 9587:Wikispecies 9511:M. sibirica 9493:M. putorius 9466:M. nigripes 9448:M. lutreola 9421:M. haidarum 9317:N. africana 9280:A. congicus 9271:A. cinereus 9262:A. capensis 9162:Sea otter ( 9140:L. provocax 9047:I. striatus 8968:Ictonychini 8863:M. melampus 8775:Wolverine ( 8753:P. pennanti 8676:M. moschata 8667:M. everetti 8613:M. leucurus 8571:A. hoevenii 8562:A. collaris 8512:M. capensis 8407:N. olivacea 8322:Olinguito ( 8278:Bassaricyon 8265:P. pygmaeus 8195:Bassariscus 8168:Procyonidae 8143:S. putorius 8134:S. gracilis 8052:M. mephitis 8043:M. macroura 7937:Red panda ( 7917:Musteloidea 7878:Ross seal ( 7831:Lobodontini 7763:Neomonachus 7691:P. sibirica 7649:P. vitulina 7614:Grey seal ( 7596:Harp seal ( 7488:A. pusillus 7452:A. forsteri 7287:Callorhinus 7221:Pinnipedia 7180:Musteloidea 6952:C. simensis 6916:C. lupaster 6785:Hoary fox ( 6778:L. sechurae 6751:L. fulvipes 6742:L. culpaeus 6638:(true dogs) 6597:Swift fox ( 6572:V. macrotis 6464:Nyctereutes 6373:Caniformia 6318:H. ochracea 6276:B. nigripes 6267:B. jacksoni 6154:U. javanica 6071:Herpestinae 6046:C. obscurus 6037:C. ansorgei 6017:Crossarchus 5873:(mongooses) 5862:Herpestidae 5842:S. durrelli 5833:S. concolor 5783:G. fasciata 5720:E. goudotii 5641:Herpestidae 5551:P. cristata 5412:G. thierryi 5367:G. maculata 5331:G. cristata 5322:G. bourloni 5075:Paradoxurus 5033:Binturong ( 4972:Hemigalinae 4949:Viverroidea 4912:Viverroidea 4871:F. nigripes 4723:Leopard cat 4708:P. concolor 4625:L. pardinus 4574:L. tigrinus 4565:L. pardalis 4556:L. jacobita 4547:L. guttulus 4520:L. colocola 4279:N. nebulosa 4249:Pantherinae 4129:Feliformia 3939:15 December 3825:Cited works 3812:23 February 3362:, p. 4 3198:: 119–199. 2944:, p. 2 2625:19 November 2334:saddle pads 2287:Overgrazing 2281:brush fires 2211:overgrazing 2130:Helichrysum 2104:Guassa Menz 2088:Overgrazing 1986:Helichrysum 1951:Importance 1917:Mount Choqa 1905:Guassa Menz 1889:Rift Valley 1765:Helichrysum 1530:carnassials 1492:Description 1471:nasal bones 1441:C. s. walgi 1405:Guassa Menz 1393:Rift Valley 1345:Subspecies 1178:C. simensis 1172:In 1994, a 726:Mount Choqa 475:vaccination 451:overgrazing 350:C. citernii 334:C. simensis 41:1.6–0 9855:Categories 9484:M. nudipes 9475:M. nivalis 9439:M. kathiah 9394:M. erminea 9385:M. altaica 9335:N. frenata 9326:N. felipei 9296:Mustelinae 9038:I. libycus 8952:G. vittata 8818:M. caurina 8595:M. anakuma 8473:Mustelidae 8460:Mustelidae 8436:see below↓ 8427:Mustelidae 8324:B. neblina 8235:(raccoons) 8206:B. astutus 8204:Ringtail ( 8180:Kinkajou ( 8152:S. pygmaea 8093:M. marchei 7951:Mephitidae 7819:M. leonina 7711:Monachinae 7682:P. hispida 7673:P. caspica 7470:A. gazella 7402:N. cinerea 7298:C. ursinus 7236:Odobenidae 7189:see below↓ 7169:see below↓ 7153:Pinnipedia 7071:Sun bear ( 7038:T. ornatus 7027:Tremarctos 7003:Ailuropoda 6941:Red wolf ( 6907:C. latrans 6830:L. adustus 6787:L. vetulus 6760:L. griseus 6690:Bush dog ( 6581:V. pallida 6579:Pale fox ( 6563:V. lagopus 6534:Cape fox ( 6414:Gray fox ( 6172:U. smithii 6004:H. parvula 5995:H. hirtula 5883:Mungotinae 5772:Galidictis 5745:Galidiinae 5673:Euplerinae 5656:Eupleridae 5645:sensu lato 5616:C. crocuta 5549:Aardwolf ( 5480:see below↓ 5421:G. tigrina 5394:G. poensis 5376:G. pardina 5358:G. letabae 5340:G. genetta 5238:Genettinae 5222:V. zibetha 5142:Viverrinae 5131:sensu lato 5126:Viverrinae 5095:P. jerdoni 4962:Viverridae 4921:see below↓ 4860:Sand cat ( 4667:A. jubatus 4492:C. caracal 4385:Pardofelis 4204:P. linsang 4145:Feliformia 3851:2012-12-15 3760:Canids.org 2757:2011-09-22 2534:(1): 530. 2501:References 2458:afterbirth 2417:, and the 2042:Highlands 1913:Mount Guna 1817:grass rats 1786:ericaceous 1774:tussocks, 1748:Alchemilla 1718:heathlands 1714:grasslands 1711:Afroalpine 1638:homozygous 1630:inbreeding 1411:highlands 1401:Mount Guna 1391:Northwest 1328:Subspecies 1207:maned wolf 662:greyhounds 586:Trickster 584:Red jackal 491:red jackal 481:programs. 435:endangered 406:Afroalpine 402:generalist 382:Simien fox 374:red jackal 337:Gray, 1869 155:Endangered 18:Red Jackal 9430:M. itatsi 9364:(weasels) 9227:Lutrogale 9164:E. lutris 9122:L. felina 8931:(grisons) 8854:M. martes 8797:(martens) 8715:Guloninae 8501:Mellivora 8374:N. narica 8315:B. medius 8306:B. gabbii 8297:B. alleni 8285:(olingos) 8254:Raccoon ( 8106:Spilogale 7992:C. chinga 7973:Conepatus 7929:Ailuridae 7728:Monachini 7640:P. largha 7310:Otariinae 7273:sea lions 7268:fur seals 7259:Otariidae 7144:Mustelida 7115:U. arctos 6977:Arctoidea 6934:C. lycaon 6889:C. aureus 6819:Lupulella 6731:Lycalopex 6608:V. vulpes 6606:Red fox ( 6570:Kit fox ( 6545:V. corsac 6289:Herpestes 5902:Meerkat ( 5661:(Malagasy 5563:Hyaeninae 5524:Hyaenidae 5439:G. felina 4853:F. lybica 4665:Cheetah ( 4583:L. wiedii 4572:Oncilla ( 4538:L. guigna 4509:Leopardus 4490:Caracal ( 4483:C. aurata 4418:Bay cat ( 4339:P. pardus 4337:Leopard ( 4312:P. tigris 4270:N. diardi 4188:Prionodon 4088:Kingdom: 4077:Carnivora 4005:from the 3436:: 39–45. 2744:253988540 2548:2399-3642 2479:grey wolf 1907:in north 1877:livestock 1829:vlei rats 1741:and deep 1726:tree line 1609:Courtship 1566:Behaviour 1522:premolars 1357:Synonyms 1295:In 2018, 1199:grey wolf 862:Gray wolf 730:carnivore 705:Highlands 651:Abyssinia 573:Ky kebero 413:carnivore 342:C. walgié 255:Species: 227:Carnivora 193:Kingdom: 187:Eukaryota 9820:Species+ 9760:14000779 9695:10762843 9572:Wikidata 9410:Ferret ( 9344:N. vison 9205:L. lutra 9073:(otters) 9067:Lutrinae 8924:Galictis 8836:M. foina 8751:Fisher ( 8639:Melogale 8622:M. meles 8542:Arctonyx 8387:Nasuella 8365:N. nasua 8342:(coatis) 8256:P. lotor 8032:Mephitis 7791:Mirounga 7541:Phocinae 7522:Phocidae 7391:Neophoca 7337:Zalophus 7244:Walrus ( 6943:C. rufus 6925:C. lupus 6905:Coyote ( 6740:Culpeo ( 6681:Speothos 6617:V. zerda 6599:V. velox 6536:V. chama 6247:Bdeogale 6145:U. fusca 5984:Helogale 5954:M. mungo 5893:Suricata 5822:Salanoia 5729:E. major 5709:Eupleres 5540:Proteles 5529:(hyenas) 5293:(genets) 4844:F. chaus 4835:F. catus 4826:F. bieti 4706:Cougar ( 4656:Acinonyx 4634:L. rufus 4632:Bobcat ( 4581:Margay ( 4563:Ocelot ( 4536:Kodkod ( 4457:Serval ( 4420:C. badia 4409:Catopuma 4319:Jaguar ( 4303:P. uncia 4292:Panthera 4259:Neofelis 4177:Feloidea 4108:Eutheria 4102:Mammalia 4096:Chordata 4094:Phylum: 4090:Animalia 4019:Archived 3909:(1997). 3891:(1835). 3876:(1902). 3862:(1908). 3784:Archived 3765:19 March 3526:19834483 3458:46671897 3450:23994497 3327:30344120 3256:26234211 3140:25976335 3088:20237475 3012:(1853). 2870:19 March 2823:40027094 2815:15245401 2566:37193884 2557:10187515 2432:See also 2321:firearms 2106:, North 2081:Stable? 2013:Extinct 2002:Mt. Guna 1977:Stable? 1965:, North 1954:Threats 1942:Habitat 1865:roughage 1849:reedbuck 1837:goslings 1762:rich in 1739:drainage 1339:(MSW3). 1162:mandible 607:Reddish 571:ቀይ ቀበሮ ( 449:through 309:Synonyms 233:Family: 217:Mammalia 207:Chordata 203:Phylum: 197:Animalia 183:Domain: 160:IUCN 3.1 9833:ZooBank 9747:1005946 9669:5219143 9578:Q188957 9412:M. furo 9357:Mustela 9306:Neogale 9153:Enhydra 9027:Ictonyx 8986:Vormela 8943:G. cuja 8870:Sable ( 8777:G. gulo 8742:Pekania 8727:Tayra ( 8524:Melinae 8336:Nasuina 8228:Procyon 7584:Phocini 7223:(seals) 7158:(seals) 7050:Ursinae 6992:(bears) 6987:Ursidae 6863:Dhole ( 6653:(zorro) 6527:V. cana 6437:Vulpini 6405:Urocyon 6389:Canidae 6181:U. urva 5685:Fossa ( 5605:Crocuta 5287:Genetta 5184:Viverra 4725:lineage 4647:lineage 4616:L. lynx 4472:Caracal 4446:lineage 4444:Caracal 4376:lineage 4374:Bay cat 4360:Felinae 4321:P. onca 4310:Tiger ( 4230:Felidae 4100:Class: 4079:species 4075:Extant 4025:at the 4009:of the 3995:of the 3993:WildCRU 3880:natives 3318:6224481 3297:Bibcode 3234:Bibcode 3132:7921357 3112:Bibcode 3079:3494089 3058:Bibcode 2865:Awf.org 2795:Bibcode 2736:3504136 2319:, when 2246:Delanta 2217:Disease 2200:Threats 2172:, Bale 2096:Denkoro 1948:Status 1777:Euryops 1771:Festuca 1756:tussock 1729:times, 1722:habitat 1694:Habitat 1689:Ecology 1683:geladas 1534:dewclaw 1386:, 1840 1384:Rüppell 1318:admixed 1291:species 1249:Simenia 1233:jackals 761:Caninae 746:of the 601:Arouayé 567:Amharic 437:by the 409:rodents 384:, is a 286:Ruppell 243:Genus: 237:Canidae 223:Order: 213:Class: 158: ( 110:↓ 9871:Wolves 9812:433177 9799:752755 9721:621851 9656:327993 9640:ECOS: 9615:ARKive 9102:Lontra 8790:Martes 8065:Mydaus 7959:skunks 6923:Wolf ( 6803:Canina 6633:Canini 6497:Vulpes 6393:(dogs) 5934:Mungos 5248:Poiana 4330:P. leo 4328:Lion ( 4234:(cats) 4039:ARKive 3922: 3534:771357 3532: 3524: 3456: 3448: 3325: 3315: 3254: 3138: 3130: 3086: 3076: 3050:Nature 2912:4 July 2903: 2821: 2813: 2742: 2734: 2677: 2648:pl. 14 2564: 2554: 2546: 2276:cereal 2241:barley 2098:area. 2038:North 2031:kebele 2027:woreda 1967:Gondar 1897:Gondar 1843:, and 1823:, and 1760:scrubs 1678:cattle 1556:moults 1554:. It 1354:Range 1251:, and 900:Coyote 713:Gojjam 682:rabies 579:Walgie 505:, and 497:, the 493:, the 485:Naming 453:, and 398:coyote 386:canine 376:, the 288:, 1840 9866:Canis 9825:10871 9786:82242 9773:32534 9708:90294 9690:IRMNG 9682:42045 9633:5WXTW 9251:Aonyx 9194:Lutra 8584:Meles 8354:Nasua 7629:Phoca 7086:Ursus 6878:Canis 6505:foxes 4815:Felis 3933:(PDF) 3916:(PDF) 3845:(PDF) 3838:(PDF) 3756:(PDF) 3530:S2CID 3454:S2CID 3426:(PDF) 3377:(PDF) 3136:S2CID 2893:(PDF) 2830:(PDF) 2819:S2CID 2783:(PDF) 2751:(PDF) 2740:S2CID 2732:JSTOR 2712:(PDF) 2644:p. 39 2444:Notes 2376:CITES 2330:goats 2326:sheep 2040:Wollo 1939:Area 1861:sedge 1752:herbs 1743:soils 1588:packs 1547:ochre 1539:Canis 1409:Wollo 1313:basal 1301:Canis 1289:Canis 1261:Canis 1245:genus 1228:Canis 1014:Dhole 814:0.38 798:0.96 592:Oromo 577:ዋልጌ ( 461:from 420:range 248:Canis 9768:NCBI 9734:3748 9729:IUCN 9716:ITIS 9664:GBIF 9643:1640 8766:Gulo 7662:Pusa 6107:Urva 4697:Puma 4645:Puma 4596:Lynx 3941:2012 3920:ISBN 3814:2016 3767:2022 3522:PMID 3446:PMID 3323:PMID 3252:PMID 3128:PMID 3084:PMID 2914:2019 2901:ISBN 2872:2022 2811:PMID 2675:ISBN 2627:2021 2610:2011 2562:PMID 2544:ISSN 2328:and 2297:zebu 2145:Bale 2108:Shoa 2059:The 2029:and 1923:and 1921:Arsi 1909:Shoa 1871:and 1792:Diet 1716:and 1620:and 1603:The 1511:and 1480:and 1478:Arsi 1322:wolf 1239:and 1075:2.6 806:0.6 790:2.0 782:2.5 774:3.0 477:and 457:and 439:IUCN 362:The 49:PreꞒ 9755:MSW 9742:MDD 9703:ISC 9651:EoL 9628:CoL 9602:ADW 4037:at 3991:at 3598:doi 3514:doi 3485:doi 3438:doi 3434:122 3389:doi 3385:245 3313:PMC 3305:doi 3242:doi 3200:doi 3120:doi 3074:PMC 3066:doi 3054:464 2803:doi 2724:doi 2720:385 2614:doi 2552:PMC 2536:doi 2475:dog 2471:SNP 1895:in 724:in 501:, 380:or 9857:: 9835:: 9822:: 9809:: 9796:: 9783:: 9770:: 9757:: 9744:: 9731:: 9718:: 9705:: 9692:: 9679:: 9666:: 9653:: 9630:: 9617:: 9604:: 9589:: 9574:: 3969:. 3958:. 3905:; 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