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492:. Tom in the modern day seems to be the source of the madness, although he too has intimations of contact with the other two. It is as if his tortured soul finds release in the savagery of the Roman times and the devotion of Thomas Rowley to his wife. After he and Jan are falsely accused of having sex in Jan's house, Tom puts his hands through a glass window in his rage. The narrative immediately switches to Macey in the grip of a berserker rage, after which he tells Logan of seeing hands pressing towards him from far away.
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282:. This is a sacred site to the Cats and the girl is their corn goddess. The Cats mine millstones on Mow Cop and bring food as offerings. The soldiers think they have engineered a truce, but the girl poisons their food and they have hallucinations, killing themselves. Only Macey is spared, as he never touched the girl, who was raped by the others. He and the girl leave together after he returns to Barthomley to bury the axe head in the burial mound, asking forgiveness for killing the villagers.
297:. The troops eventually kill Fowler and other men of the village. Thomas and Margery are rescued by Thomas Venables, a villager serving with the Royalists who once desired Margery. He leads them to a shanty town settlement at Rudheath and tells them to go to his family on Mow Cop once Thomas has recovered from his wounds. They take the thunderstone with them and embed it in the chimney of their new home.
392:. He taunts Thomas about his fits, about Margery, and about their old rival Thomas Venables, a former villager, enemy of John Fowler and a rival to Thomas Rowley for Margery. Venables was born on Mow Cop, a place thought to be cursed. He is now a soldier with the Royalists. Thomas Rowley stands watches in the church tower but only stares at Mow Cop.
440:, and, for the rest, an English peppered with Cheshire dialect and pagan references. In attempting to "go native" Logan tries to master the differences between "Cats" speech and "Mothers" speech. Though the English language had not yet reached Britain, the differences in vocabulary suggest that the "Mothers" tribe speaks a
580:. Garner goes on to explain how memories form their own sequence, independent of chronology (hence "inner time"): “any two intensely remembered experiences will be emotionally contemporaneous, even though we know that the calendar separates them by years.” He explains that this idea informs the structure of the novel.
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In some ways Logan reflects John Fowler. Both use others to benefit themselves. Macey is Logan's weapon of choice – when there is killing to be done it is Logan who knows the "Big Words" that incite Macey's fits. Logan also kills
Buzzard for disobeying him, even though Buzzard is the best at scouting
706:
I love you. If you can read this you must care. Help me. I'm writing before we meet, because I know it'll be the last. I'll put the letter in your bag, so you'll find it on the train afterwards. I'm sorry. It's my fault. Everything's clear, but it's too late. I'll be at Crewe next time. If you don't
203:
as "a difficult book" for an unprepared reader, identifying its main themes as those of "loneliness and failure to communicate". Ultimately, she thought that repeated re-readings of the novel bring about the realisation that "it is a perfectly realistic story with much more depth and psychologically
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in 1643, the facts of which haunted Garner, a lifelong resident of the area, for some time. Next came a news article about a young couple; after a serious fight culminating in a break-up, the young man had given the woman a taped message in which he apologised but said if she did not care enough to
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in the Army, but Tom's mother refuses to live in the barracks. There is no privacy for Tom. He has to pretend not to hear the doings of his parents at night, especially after "Mess night". Jan's parents are doctors, possibly mental health specialists. They also leave
Rudheath, removing one of Tom's
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Tom's parents seem to be living in a different world. Tom's mother does not like Jan, seeing her as a schemer who will derail Tom's chance at an education, just another girl who will get pregnant, possibly by some other boy. Tom's father is unable to communicate with his son, especially about sex.
361:
Jan's commitment to Tom comes partially from the rootlessness of her upbringing, moving from place to place as her parents work at different hospitals. Tom to her represents stability and, to some extent, so does the axe head. She calls it her "Bunty", a "real thing". When Tom gives the axe head
194:
It took Garner six years to write. He provided three intertwined love stories, one set in the present, another during the
English Civil War of the seventeenth century, and the third in the second century CE. Writer and folklorist Neil Philip referred to it as "a complex book but not a complicated
357:
Tom is highly intelligent and knowledgeable. He quotes cosmology, poetry and
Shakespeare constantly, mostly as a defence against the world around him. He is polite, almost florid in his speech with strangers, even as he can be curt and sardonic with those close to him. As the novel progresses he
388:. Thomas has epileptic fits in which he has visions of another person in turmoil, who may be Tom. The village regards John Fowler, the son of the rector, as their leader. He is charismatic, educated and has sided with the Parliamentary forces. He is wanted by the Royalists. He may also be a
487:
The stone axe head is one of two links between the stories. The characters Thomas Rowley and Macey also have shared visions of blue, silver and red. Macey seems to participate in the Civil War massacre while killing at the
Barthomley stockade and, while on Mow Cop, he has visions of the
624:
on the way, settling on Mow Cop; the basic premise for the Rome-era portions of the novel. Garner explains that this scenario immediately brought to his mind the unrelated event of the
Barthomley massacre, the first connection between different historical periods that informs
409:) in AD 107–8. Initially the other soldiers are Face, Magoo and Buzzard, along with Macey, who is subject to fits and berserker rages. In these states he fights like ten men but has strange visions, even claiming to be someone else, somewhere else while his body fights.
632:
Finally, Garner saw some graffiti in a train station that said, in chalk, two lovers' names; beneath, however, was written in lipstick "not really now not any more". Upon reading this, all of the above-mentioned bits came back to him in a flash, and he wrote the novel.
29:
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A group of Roman soldiers are on the run from the army, the local tribes and anybody else who might threaten them. They are led by Logan, their former cohort leader, who reminds them constantly that they are "the Ninth", possibly meaning the lost
208:
wrote that "More than any orthodox work of historical fiction, it was this weird fantasy novel which taught me to look beyond the walls of my own era, my own reality. Garner makes the past numinous, terrifyingly real: anything but passed."
693:. Although we are not told of Tom's suggestion for a key, the message can be intuitively decoded and the code's key can then be identified as being "Tom's a-cold", representing his isolation and loneliness. This is itself a quote from
603:
Later, Garner heard a local legend that Mow Cop was first settled by a community of escaped
Spanish slaves who were being marched north to build a wall. Garner recognised this as a potential garbled reference to the famous lost
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Pieces of the three narratives are alternated in an inconsistent pattern, calling attention to their similarities beyond the landscape: themes, circumstances, visual descriptions and even lines of dialogue echo throughout.
576:, experiences which remain in our subconscious and continue to affect us. Garner mentions repeatedly recounting a trauma to his psychiatrist to "release" it. The repetition of events over time is one of the main themes of
217:
The title of the novel arises from the mind of the teenage character Tom. He talks of astronomy, cosmology and other subjects he is learning. He declares that he is too "blue", i.e. sad, and needs a "red shift". Since the
277:
Cat village at
Barthomley, which they pillage, killing the inhabitants except for a young girl, whom they take as a slave. They try to "go tribal", pretending to be members of another tribe, the "Mothers", and settle on
233:
bark. This marks him as a "redman", one who has killed, possibly one who has done so under the influence of a god. It is also an ancient symbol of rebirth. In Civil War
Barthomley, the stone axe head is wrapped in a
182:
This is primarily a novel about adolescent despair, but one that uses devices of fantasy such as having events at different times in history influencing each other. It is said to be inspired by the legend of
316:. Here they find the stone axe head embedded in an old chimney. They decide to make it a symbol of their love. Tom and Jan have been avoiding sex, but Jan reveals that she had an affair while working as an
289:, believing it to have been created by lightning striking the ground. They intend to build it into a chimney to guard against future strikes. The village is besieged by Royalist troops, who have fought in
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in
Germany. After this, Tom becomes unstable. He insists on having sex but becomes even more self-destructive and unbalanced. He tells Jan that he has sold the axe head to a museum, as it was a valuable
405:. Logan also complains that they are "soldiers, not bricklayers"; the last testified activity for the Ninth Legion in Britain is during the rebuilding in stone of the legionary fortress at York (
428:. The inhabitants of Civil War Barthomley speak the broadest version, and the dialect is heard least among the rootless modern-day characters. The Roman-era characters speak, in the case of the
699:(Act III, Scene iv) and is a phrase which appears elsewhere in the book during shift sequences. The message in the end papers should be decoded using the key sequence "TOMSACOLD".
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Both parents try to find refuge in an idealised family life, having Tom pose for pictures while pretending to cut his birthday cake. The family is constantly short of money.
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The girl-goddess-priestess sees all the soldiers as being lost from their tribes. This rootlessness echoes Tom and Jan's failure to find a place to call their own.
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with his parents. He is sustained by his relationship with his girlfriend Jan, who is leaving to become a student nurse in London. They agree to meet regularly in
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In the English Civil War, Thomas Rowley lives in Barthomley with his wife Margery. They find the stone axe head buried in a mound and call it a
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475:) which meant 'battle,' a reference to the warlike nature of the tribe. The linguistic connection between the Brigantes and the Celtic goddess
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seen at a railway station, "Not really now not any more", became the focus of the novel's mood, and it forms the last line of the story.
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tribes. The etymology of Cornovii contains a reference to 'horns' rather than 'cats;' Garner may have employed the Celtic root *
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results from galaxies moving away from each other, this may be a metaphor for his need to get away from his current life.
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edition, several unrelated bits of "compost" which inspired his novel. The first is the well-documented massacre at the
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The end papers of the book are covered with a coded message. In the story, Tom and Jan write letters to each other in
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591:", although critics have had some difficulty with the comparison. He also documents, in his introduction to the 2011
564:. There is a caravan park outside Allostock, with nearby lakes, as described in the novel. Garner lives in Goostrey.
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tribes found in Germania. History and archaeology would place the area around Mow Cop on the frontier between the
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to the village of Barthomley. Returning next time on bicycles, they go further to Mow Cop, a hill dominated by a
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556:. Approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) southeast of this is an area called Rudheath Woods, near the villages of
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listen to it within a week, he'd kill himself. She did not listen to the tape and he made good on his threat.
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sanctuaries, as he used their house for studying, though his parents accuse the couple of using it for sex.
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fits in which he fights like ten men, using an old stone axe. Escaping from a local tribe, the "Cats" at
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875:(2017). "To the Cheshire Station: Alan Garner and John Mackenzie's Red Shift". In Mazierska, Ewa (ed.).
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The site of Mow Cop is not particularly isolated as there is a village around the hilltop. The nearby
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artefact. Their relationship dissolves and they bid a final farewell as Jan's train leaves for London.
187:, where a man or boy kidnapped by fairies is rescued by his true love. The author said that a piece of
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one: the bare lines of story and emotion stand clear". Academic specialist in children's literature
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Macey's narrative is linked to silver and blue particularly. Garner uses the "blue-silver"
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started a fire. The Parliamentarians surrendered but twelve of them were then killed.
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There are multiple occurrences of the colour red in the story. After killing many in
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away it removes that token of stability, even as Tom himself is becoming unstable.
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come I'll go to Barthomley. I love you. The smell of your hair will be in my face.
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produced Alan Garner's own script adaptation of the story as an episode in the
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Charles Butler, 'Alan Garner's Red Shift and the Shifting Ballad of "Tam Lim"'
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of Rome, also called "The Spanish Legion". He believed that at the time the
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655:, the play was transmitted 17 January 1978. It was released on DVD by the
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Baker, Brian (2017). "To the Cheshire Station". In Mazierska, Ewa (ed.).
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trains to pick this up. The television adaptation makes this prominent.
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In the modern day Tom is a teenager living cooped up in a caravan at
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In Roman times, Macey is a soldier with a group of deserters. He has
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more credible than the most so-called "realistic" juvenile novels."
1089:
Nikolajeva, Maria (1989). "The Insignificance of Time: Red Shift".
293:, searching for John Fowler, the village leader who has sided with
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As in his other works, Garner peppers his characters' speech with
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which has been dyed with alder. A petticoat can also be called a "
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A 1975 lecture by Garner entitled "Inner Time" is concerned with
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The name "Cats" for the Cheshire tribe may be an allusion to the
229:, Macey's skin is painted red by the tribal girl, using dye from
1112:
A Fine Anger: A Critical Introduction to the Work of Alan Garner
432:, an Englishman's perception of contemporary military jargon of
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242:". In modern-day Barthomley Tom notices some red colour on the
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992:"Alan Garner's Red Shift and the Shifting Ballad of "Tam Lim""
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1038:
Teaching Computational Thinking and Coding in Primary Schools
127:
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Children's Literature Comes of Age: Toward a New Aesthetic
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Morris, David; Uppal, Gurmit; Wells, David (5 June 2017).
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Heading North: the North of England in Film and Television
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Heading North: The North of England in Film and Television
141:
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British Civil Wars, Commonwealth and Protectorate 1638–60
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British Civil Wars, Commonwealth and Protectorate 1638–60
515:, Barthomley was the scene of a massacre. About 20
583:
As for the plot, in the same lecture Garner stated that
1023:"BFI DVD releases announced for August/September 2014"
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970:. Great Britain: Fontana/Collins. pp. 119–138.
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345:Tom and Jan are teenagers in love. Tom lives in a
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846:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 104–108.
549:was built in 1754 to look like a ruined castle.
479:might suggest an origin for Garner's "Mothers."
33:First edition cover, showing the folly tower on
818:"Book Of A Lifetime: Red Shift, By Alan Garner"
616:had ordered the building of the stone barrier,
1450:The Cheviot, the Stag and the Black, Black Oil
444:, e.g. calling a yard or enclosure a "garth".
349:in Rudheath with his parents. His father is a
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1091:Children's Literature Association Quarterly
308:. One day they follow an ancient path from
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761:"Revelations from a life of storytelling"
637:Television adaptation and popular culture
1771:Novels set during the English Civil War
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689:, using a method they find in works by
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1065:. London: Routledge. pp. 178–9.
884:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 93–109
7:
1061:Nikolajeva, Maria (27 August 2015).
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587:is an "expression" of "the story of
666:used in the novel, is the theme of
246:'s undergarment – again a "shift".
166:, England, in three time periods:
1006:Red Shift (Play for Today episode)
905:"Sir John, Lord Byron c.1599–1652"
903:Plant, David (27 September 2005),
816:Donoghue, Emma (28 January 2011).
511:On Christmas Eve 1643, during the
384:Thomas and Margery Rowley live in
14:
379:St Bertoline's Church, Barthomley
931:"1643–64: The Nantwich Campaign"
358:descends into mental breakdown.
100:Print (hardback & paperback)
519:supporters had taken refuge in
968:Explorations of the Marvellous
1:
1796:Novels set in the 2nd century
1674:The Flipside of Dominick Hide
1426:Mrs. Palfrey at the Claremont
1175:The Weirdstone of Brisingamen
1040:. London: Sage. p. 151.
966:Nicholls, Peter, ed. (1978).
759:Garner, Alan (2 April 2015).
929:Plant, David (11 May 2006),
527:forces under the command of
1791:William Collins, Sons books
1786:Novels set in Roman Britain
597:parish church in Barthomley
158:is a 1973 fantasy novel by
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1690:Another Flip For Dominick
1386:Edna, the Inebriate Woman
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662:The novel, including the
612:disappeared, the emperor
108:160 pp (hardback edition)
26:
16:1973 novel by Alan Garner
702:The decoded message is:
593:New York Review of Books
455:, or a reference to the
213:Explanation of the title
1261:Short story collections
1781:Novels set in Cheshire
1766:British fantasy novels
1717:(1991, completed 1977)
1709:(1987, completed 1976)
1269:The Stone Book Quartet
657:British Film Institute
381:
273:, the soldiers find a
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220:cosmological red shift
1776:Novels by Alan Garner
1706:Brimstone and Treacle
1626:Blue Remembered Hills
1618:The After-Dinner Joke
1506:Rumpole of the Bailey
1490:Just Another Saturday
1110:Philip, Neil (1981).
651:series. Directed by
521:St Bertoline's Church
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306:Crewe railway station
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420:Accents and dialects
370:During the Civil War
1761:1973 fantasy novels
1756:1973 British novels
1562:Spend, Spend, Spend
1183:The Moon of Gomrath
1167:Brisingamen trilogy
1114:. London: Collins.
659:in September 2014.
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1666:The Imitation Game
1650:A Gift from Nessus
1103:10.1353/chq.0.0763
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121:(hardback edition)
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1733:Play for Tomorrow
1642:Just a Boys' Game
1570:The Price of Coal
1370:The Rank and File
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853:978-3-319-52499-3
552:Rudheath is near
513:English Civil War
442:Yorkshire dialect
178:Plot introduction
174:and the present.
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84:17 September 1973
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544:Mow Cop Castle
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505:
484:
481:
421:
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397:
396:In Roman times
394:
371:
368:
351:sergeant major
342:
341:In modern days
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333:Characters in
331:
287:"thunderstone"
251:
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199:characterised
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147:PZ7.G18417 Re3
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1736:(1982 series)
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1554:Kiss of Death
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1410:The Operation
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1072:9781317358282
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781:
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766:New Statesman
762:
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734:
731:, p. 16.
730:
725:
723:
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691:Lewis Carroll
688:
681:Coded message
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517:Parliamentary
514:
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458:
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453:Lewis Carroll
450:
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258:The folly on
256:
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212:
210:
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206:Emma Donoghue
202:
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168:Roman Britain
165:
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142:LC Class
138:
135:
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119:0-00-184157-2
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
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83:
77:
74:
71:
67:
64:Fantasy Novel
63:
59:
55:
51:
48:
45:
41:
36:
30:
25:
19:
1731:
1712:
1704:
1696:
1688:
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1656:
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1624:
1616:
1608:
1602:The Spongers
1600:
1593:
1592:
1584:
1576:
1568:
1560:
1552:
1544:
1536:
1530:Willie Rough
1528:
1520:
1512:
1504:
1498:Days of Hope
1496:
1488:
1480:
1472:
1466:The Evacuees
1464:
1456:
1448:
1440:
1432:
1424:
1416:
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1384:
1376:
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1352:
1344:
1331:
1286:
1267:
1248:
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1232:
1225:
1224:
1216:
1208:
1202:Other novels
1189:
1181:
1173:
1111:
1094:
1090:
1062:
1056:
1037:
1031:
1017:
1005:
1000:
986:
967:
961:
950:
939:, retrieved
934:
924:
913:, retrieved
908:
898:
888:15 September
886:. Retrieved
877:
843:
821:
811:
799:
787:
775:
764:
736:
701:
694:
684:
674:
668:
661:
646:
641:In 1978 the
640:
631:
626:
606:Ninth Legion
602:
584:
582:
577:
571:
568:Inspirations
551:
538:is a former
533:
510:
501:British Rail
494:
486:
483:Major themes
473:Catuvellauni
468:
449:Cheshire Cat
446:
434:American GIs
423:
415:
411:
403:Ninth Legion
399:
383:
364:
360:
356:
347:caravan park
344:
334:
327:
299:
284:
264:
250:Plot summary
224:
216:
200:
193:
181:
154:
153:
152:
18:
1610:Our Day Out
1538:Double Dare
1514:Nuts in May
1442:Penda's Fen
1418:Hard Labour
1362:The Foxtrot
1280:Adaptations
1234:Strandloper
1160:Alan Garner
780:Philip 1981
729:Philip 1981
490:folly tower
438:Vietnam War
430:legionaries
413:territory.
314:folly tower
160:Alan Garner
47:Alan Garner
1750:Categories
1725:Associated
1482:Funny Farm
1354:Alma Mater
1242:Thursbitch
977:0006351425
712:References
687:ciphertext
540:Roman road
529:Lord Byron
386:Barthomley
295:Parliament
227:Barthomley
22:Red Shift
1634:Comedians
1594:Red Shift
1474:Gangsters
1434:Joe's Ark
1226:Red Shift
941:26 August
915:26 August
696:King Lear
675:Red Shift
671:crossword
627:Red Shift
622:went AWOL
585:Red Shift
578:Red Shift
558:Allostock
554:Northwich
507:Allusions
477:Brigantia
465:Brigantes
390:sociopath
335:Red Shift
323:Neolithic
275:stockaded
267:berserker
236:petticoat
201:Red Shift
155:Red Shift
69:Publisher
1191:Boneland
669:Listener
562:Goostrey
525:Royalist
463:and the
461:Cornovii
407:Eboracum
302:Rudheath
271:Rudheath
189:graffiti
164:Cheshire
53:Language
1378:Traitor
1083:Sources
614:Hadrian
589:Tamlain
574:engrams
471:(as in
436:in the
318:au pair
291:Ireland
280:Mow Cop
260:Mow Cop
185:Tam Lin
73:Collins
56:English
35:Mow Cop
1701:(1984)
1693:(1982)
1685:(1982)
1677:(1980)
1669:(1980)
1661:(1980)
1653:(1980)
1645:(1979)
1637:(1979)
1629:(1979)
1621:(1978)
1613:(1978)
1605:(1978)
1597:(1978)
1589:(1978)
1581:(1977)
1573:(1977)
1565:(1977)
1557:(1977)
1549:(1976)
1541:(1976)
1533:(1976)
1525:(1976)
1517:(1976)
1509:(1975)
1501:(1975)
1493:(1975)
1485:(1975)
1477:(1975)
1469:(1975)
1461:(1974)
1453:(1974)
1445:(1974)
1437:(1974)
1429:(1973)
1421:(1973)
1413:(1973)
1405:(1972)
1397:(1971)
1394:Evelyn
1389:(1971)
1381:(1971)
1373:(1971)
1365:(1971)
1357:(1971)
1349:(1970)
1291:(1969)
1272:(1979)
1253:(2021)
1245:(2003)
1237:(1996)
1229:(1973)
1221:(1967)
1213:(1965)
1210:Elidor
1194:(2012)
1186:(1963)
1178:(1960)
1118:
1069:
1044:
974:
850:
673:4340,
542:. The
497:livery
244:rector
170:, the
134:806005
43:Author
882:(PDF)
873:Baker
547:folly
523:when
469:katu-
457:Catti
310:Crewe
240:shift
231:alder
105:Pages
61:Genre
1714:Scum
1402:Home
1116:ISBN
1067:ISBN
1042:ISBN
1011:IMDb
972:ISBN
943:2007
917:2007
890:2024
848:ISBN
560:and
128:OCLC
114:ISBN
1099:doi
1009:at
643:BBC
536:A34
499:of
1752::
1095:14
1093:.
933:,
907:,
862:^
832:^
820:.
763:.
747:^
719:^
677:.
629:.
1324:e
1317:t
1310:v
1152:e
1145:t
1138:v
1124:.
1105:.
1101::
1075:.
1050:.
994:.
980:.
892:.
856:.
826:.
769:.
37:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
