Red hair - Knowledge (XXG)

70: 1096: 1072: 1122: 2680: 6062: 1160: 1140: 50: 1680:," when he writes that: "It is observed that the red-haired of both sexes are more libidinous and mischievous than the rest, whom yet they much exceed in strength and activity." Swift goes on to write that "neither was the hair of this brute of a red colour (which might have been some excuse for an appetite a little irregular) but black as a sloe". Such beliefs were given a veneer of scientific credibility in the 19th century by 1824: 475: 1408: 864: 398: 58: 1324: 682:) alleles. Eighty percent of redheads have an MC1R gene variant within the RHC. Red hair is also associated with fair skin color because the MC1R mutation also results in low concentrations of eumelanin throughout the body. The lower melanin concentration in skin confers the advantage that a sufficient concentration of important 249: 577:, and is especially common in some tribes and family groups. In Polynesian culture, reddish hair has traditionally been seen as a sign of descent from high-ranking ancestors and a mark of rulership. Emigration from Europe has increased the population of red haired humans in the Americas, Australia, New Zealand and 550: 1869:

Nonetheless, individuals and families in Britain are targeted for harassment and violence because of their hair colour. In 2003, a 20-year-old was stabbed in the back for "being ginger". In 2007, a UK woman won an award from a tribunal after being sexually harassed and receiving abuse because of her

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presenting a show in which celebrities (played by themselves) dyed their hair red for a day and went about daily life being insulted by people; Hucknall, who says that he has repeatedly faced prejudice or been described as ugly on account of his hair colour, argues that Gingerism should be described

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can be produced under low light conditions. However, when UV-radiation is strong (as in regions close to the equator) the lower concentration of melanin leads to several medical disadvantages, such as a higher risk of skin cancer. The MC1R variant gene that gives people red hair generally results in

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described an incident of harassment: "The second son, John, was born in 1750. As a boy he had bright red hair, and it is amusingly recorded that one day in the streets of Norwich a number of boys followed him, pointing to his red locks and saying, "Look at that boy; he's got a bonfire on the top of

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The genes responsible for red hair can express themselves to different extents in different people. One consequence of this is that a number of people have both dark hair and red beards. This may reflect the presence of a single copy of the MC1R gene, leading to differential expression in the beard

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of China are recorded with red hair. According to F.M Savina of the Paris Foreign Missionary Society, the appearance of the Miao was "pale yellow in complexion, almost white, their hair is often light or dark brown, sometimes even red or corn-silk blond, and a few even have pale blue eyes". A

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tells us, human sacrifices were offered at the grave of Osiris, and the victims were red-haired men who were burned, their ashes being scattered far and wide by winnowing-fans. It is held by some authorities that this was done to fertilize the fields and produce a bounteous harvest, red-hair

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As he argued in his mind and heart, he slid his huge sword part way from its sheath. At that moment, Athena came down from heaven. White-armed Hera sent her. She cherished both men, cared for them equally. Athena stood behind Achilles, grabbed him by his golden hair, invisible to all except

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any of my Singaporean friends felt the term 'ang moh' was definitely racist. Said one, with surprising finality: 'The original term was "ang moh gui" which means "red hair devil" in Hokkien. That's definitely racist.' However, the 'gui' bit has long been dropped from the term, defanging it

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had his right arm broken and his head stamped on by three men who attacked him "just because he had red hair"; the three men were subsequently jailed for a combined total of ten years and one month for the attack. This prejudice has been satirised on a number of TV shows. English comedian

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concluded that red hair is not the result of positive selection but of a lack of negative selection. In Africa, for example, red hair is selected against because high levels of sun harm pale skin. However, in Northern Europe this does not happen, so redheads can become more common through

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Sometimes, red hair darkens as people get older, becoming a more brownish color or losing some of its vividness. This leads some to associate red hair with youthfulness, a quality that is generally considered desirable. In several countries such as India, Iran, Bangladesh and Pakistan,

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In Italy, red hair is found at a frequency of 0.57% of the total population, without variation in frequency across the different regions of the country. In Sardinia, red hair is found at a frequency of 0.24% of the population. In Italy, red hair was associated with Italian Jews, and

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since 2011, claims to be a global celebration and attracts people from several continents. The celebrations include crowning the ginger King and Queen, competitions for the best red eyebrows and most freckles per square inch, orchestral concerts and carrot throwing competitions.

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As these thoughts went through his mind, and he began to draw the great sword from the sheath, Athena came down from heaven: Queen Hera sent her, loving and anxious at once. She stood behind him and held him back by his long red hair. No other man saw her but Achilles

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red-heads. However, the number of attendees has to be restricted due to the risk of rocket attacks, leading to anger in the red-hair community. The organizers state; "The event is a good thing for many redheads, who had been embarrassed about being redheads before."

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A Dictionary of the Hok-Këèn Dialect of the Chinese Language, according to the Reading and Colloquial Idioms; containing about 12,000 Characters … Accompanied by a Short Historical and Statistical Account of Hok-Këèn; a Treatise on the Orthography of the … Dialect,

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received criticism after a "Kick a Ginger" group, which aimed to establish a "National Kick a Ginger Day" on 20 November, acquired almost 5,000 members. A 14-year-old boy from Vancouver who ran the Facebook group was subjected to an investigation by the

6416:), also appeared in 1787. … 'Red-hair miscellany' is the first book which contains a relatively extensive description of the daily life of the Dutch residents in the confinements of Deshima, the man made island allotted to them in the Bay of Nagasaki. 922:

Two studies have demonstrated that people with red hair have different sensitivity to pain to people with other hair colors. One study found that women with red hair are slightly more sensitive to thermal pain (associated with naturally occurring low

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magazine and unnamed "geneticists", said that red hair is likely to die out in the near future. Other blogs and news sources ran similar stories that attributed the research to the magazine or the "Oxford Hair Foundation". However, a

228:, making it the red head capital of the world. In 1907, the largest ever study of hair colour in Scotland, which analysed over 500,000 people, found the percentage of Scots with red hair to be 5.3%. A 1956 study of hair colour among 2101:("foreign devil"). Thus it is viewed as racist and derogatory by some people. Others, however, maintain it is acceptable. Despite this ambiguity, it is a widely used term. It appears, for instance, in Singaporean newspapers such as 698:

Red hair can originate from several changes on the MC1R-gene. If one of these changes is present on both chromosomes, then the respective individual is likely to have red hair. This type of inheritance is described as an autosomal

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researchers. Sunshine can both be good and bad for a person's health and the different alleles on MC1R represent these adaptations. It also has been shown that individuals with pale skin are highly susceptible to a variety of

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as a "ginger rodent". Alexander responded to the insult by stating that he was "proud to be ginger". Harman was subsequently forced to apologise for the comment, after facing criticism for prejudice against a minority group.

1874:, was forced to move twice after being targeted for abuse and hate crimes on account of their red hair. In May 2009, a schoolboy committed suicide after being bullied for having red hair. In 2013, a fourteen-year-old boy in 714:(fraternal) twins indicate that the MC1R gene is not solely responsible for the red hair phenotype; unidentified modifier genes exist, making variance in the MC1R gene necessary, but not sufficient, for red hair production. 1842:, the word "ginger" is sometimes used to describe red-headed people (at times in an insulting manner), with terms such as "gingerphobia" and "gingerism" used by the British media. It is roughly the color of dried, powdered 1523:

usually depict her as having long flowing red hair, although a description of her hair color was never mentioned in the Bible, and it is possible the color is an effect caused by pigment degradation in the ancient paint.

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considerably. … Both 'ang moh gui' and 'gwailo' – Cantonese for 'ghost (white) guy' – originated from the initial Chinese suspicion of foreigners way back in those days when the country saw itself as the Middle Kingdom.

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The unexpected relationship of hair color to pain tolerance appears to exist because redheads have a mutation in a hormone receptor that can apparently respond to at least two types of hormones: the pigmentation-driving

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Cultural reactions to red hair have been varied. The term "redhead" has been in use since at least 1510, while the term "ginger" is sometimes used, especially in Britain and Ireland, to describe a person with red hair.

69: 954:. However, a later study of 468 healthy adult patients found no significant difference in recovery times, pain scores, or quality of recovery in those with red hair compared with dark hair in either men or women. 6085: 5482:

A glossary: or, Collection of words, phrases, names, and allusions to customs, proverbs, etc., which have been thought to require illustration, in the words of English authors, particularly Shakespeare, and his

1772:. The antisemitic association persisted into modern times in Soviet Russia. The medieval prejudice against red-hair may have derived from the ancient biblical tradition, in relation to biblical figures such as 6512:

Dutch taste dictated a new style of export lacquer known as 'komo shikki' ('red hair' – a common term for Northern Europeans), in which elaborate gold-lacquer decoration replaced the complex inlays of Nanban

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as having ruddy hair and skin tone. Later by the 10th century, Southern Slavic populations would have darker hair and skin tone, as the Slavs assimilated the indigenous inhabitants of the Balkans, including

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A Supplement to the English Universal History: Lately Published in London: Containing ... Remarks and Annotations on the Universal History, Designed as an Improvement and Illustration of that Work ...

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was commonly depicted as red-haired in Italian and Spanish art. Writers from Shakespeare to Dickens would identify Jewish characters by giving them red hair, such as the villainous Jewish characters

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In appearance the Miao are pale yellow in complexion, almost white, their hair is often light or dark brown, sometimes even red or corn-silk blond, and a few even have pale blue eyes”- F.M, Savina

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Jewish populations. In 1903, 5.6% of Polish Jews had red hair. Other studies have found that 3.69% of Jewish women overall were found to have red hair, but around 10.9% of all Jewish men have red

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Rees JL (2002b) Skin cancer (including nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome). In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler K (eds) The genetic basis of human cancer, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 529–548

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are also reported by some classical Greek authors to be blue-eyed and red-haired. It was once believed that Sarmatians owed their name to their red hair, but this claim was later debunked.

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Red hair is the rarest natural hair color in humans. The non-tanning skin associated with red hair may have been advantageous in far-northern climates where sunlight is scarce. Studies by

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his head," and that John Gurney was so disgusted that he went to a barber's, had his head shaved, and went home in a wig. He grew up, however, a remarkably attractive-looking young man."

1756:, people of red hair were identified as Jewish and isolated for persecution. In medieval Italy and Spain, red hair was associated with the heretical nature of Jews and their rejection of 357:

was traditionally depicted as red-haired in Italian and Spanish art. In European culture, before the 20th century, red hair was often seen as a stereotypically Jewish trait: during the

4640:"A missense mutation disrupting a dibasic prohormone processing site in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) increases susceptibility to early-onset obesity through a novel molecular mechanism" 4989: 4004: 986:

instead. MC1R also occurs in the brain, where it is one of a large set of POMC-related receptors that are apparently involved not only in responding to MSH, but also in responses to

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also has a high percentage of people with red hair. In Scotland, around 6% of the population has red hair, with the highest concentration of red head carriers in the world found in

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The child subsequently born to her was called Pyrrhus ('red-haired'), either because he had red hair or because the disguised Achilles had been known at Lycomedes' court as Pyrrha.

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than do either women of other hair colors or men of any hair color. A follow-up study by the same group showed that men and women with red hair had a greater analgesic response to

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as having red hair. However, children with red hair are often themselves targeted by bullies; "Somebody with ginger hair will stand out from the crowd," says anti-bullying expert

2949:"Their pigmentation is characteristically brunet, but definite blonds occur. Black and dark brown hair run to 85 percent (85%) of the whole, while reds number 4 percent (4%)", 2314:

Valverde P, Healy E, Jackson I, Rees JL, Thody AJ (1995). "Variants of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor gene are associated with red hair and fair skin in humans".

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on MC1R associated with red hair. The number of alleles linked to red hair has since been expanded by other authors, and these variants are now identified as the RHC (

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red hair color (RHC), and subsequently, several other authors have extended these results to identify what are today called the RHC phenotype alleles (all SNPs, Box,

1347:. It attracts participants from over 80 countries. The international event began in 2005, when Dutch painter Bart Rouwenhorst decided he wanted to paint 15 redheads. 3741:

Morgan, Michael D.; Pairo-Castineira, Erola; Rawlik, Konrad; Canela-Xandri, Oriol; Rees, Jonathan; Sims, David; Tenesa, Albert; Jackson, Ian J. (10 December 2018).

1071: 6290: 2653: 2001:, the former Equality Minister in the British government under Labour, faced accusations of prejudice after she described the red-haired Treasury secretary 6048: 1615: 2299:

When someone has both of their MC1R genes mutated, this conversion doesn't happen anymore and you get a buildup of pheomelanin, which results in red hair

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was significantly less effective in reducing pain. Another study concluded that redheads are less sensitive to pain from multiple modalities, including

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Flanagan, Niamh; Healy, Eugene; Ray, Amanda; Philips, Sion; Todd, Carole; Jackson, Ian J.; Birch-Machin, Mark A.; Rees, Jonathan L. (12 October 2000).

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Most red hair is caused by the MC1R gene and is non-pathological. However, in rare cases red hair can be associated with disease or genetic disorders:

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wrote "The prejudice against habitual silence, among the lower order of the people, is almost as inveterate as the prejudice against red hair."

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symbolizing the golden wealth of the corn. But these men were called Typhonians, and were representatives not of Osiris but of his evil rival

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There is little or no evidence to support the belief that people with red hair have a higher chance than people with other hair colors to

6306: 6184: 5826: 3351:"Men make gods in their own image; those of the Ethiopians are black and snub-nosed, those of the Thracians have blue eyes and red hair." 263: 329:

in Russia to be "the most red-headed men in the world". The Volga region still has one of the highest percentages of red-headed people.

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Shakespeare and the Mediterranean: the selected proceedings of the International Shakespeare Association World Congress, Valencia, 2001

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Several Dutch surgical schools were founded through which Dutch surgery, known in Japan as 'surgery of the red-haired' was propagated.

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To have my Chinese Singaporean friends call me 'ang moh' is more humorous than anything else. As no insult is intended, none is taken.

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The pejorative use of the word "ginger" and related discrimination was used to illustrate a point about racism and prejudice in the "

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There have also been rare reports of scalp or beard hair spontaneously turning partially red, with no identified pathological cause.

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were described as fair-skinned, green- or blue-eyed and red-haired people with a mixture of European and East Asian features. In the

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Rees JL (2002a) Molecular phototypes. In: Ortonne J-P, Ballotti R (eds) Mechanisms of suntanning. Martin Dunitz, London, pp 333–339

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gives red hair its distinctive color. Red hair has far more of the pigment pheomelanin than it has of the dark pigment eumelanin.

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He had a mass of red hair and a red beard and, when roused, a fearsome voice and a penetrating gaze under beetling red eyebrows.

1893:, who was forced to seek solace in a refuge for ginger people because she had been ostracised from society. The British comedy 1233: 218:

has the highest number of red-haired people per capita in the world, with the percentage of those with red hair at around 10%.

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Those whose hair is red, of a certain peculiar shade, are unmistakably vampires. It is significant that in ancient Egypt, as

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in England, red hair was fashionable for women. In modern times, red hair is subject to fashion trends; celebrities such as

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Helfen-Maenchen, Otto, The World of the Huns: Studies of Their History and Culture, pp.373. University of California Press

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remarks that "People with red hair are supposed to get mad very easily, but Allie never did, and he had very red hair."

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also had red hair, although the mutation responsible for this differs from that which causes red hair in modern humans.

2081:, although it refers to all white people, never exclusively people with red hair. The epithet is sometimes rendered as 1846:. In Britain, redheads are also sometimes referred to disparagingly as "carrot tops" and "carrot heads" (the comedian " 990:

and possibly other POMC-derived hormones. Though the details are not clearly understood, it appears that there is some

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As an 'ang moh' who has lived here for over six years, I hope more people will realise just how offensive the term is.

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Estimates on the original occurrence of the currently active gene for red hair vary from 20,000 to 100,000 years ago.

691:. Because of the natural tanning reaction to the sun's ultraviolet light and high amounts of pheomelanin in the skin, 6298: 3147: 850:, the expression of which can skip generations. It is not likely to disappear at any time in the foreseeable future. 6498:"Japanning for southern barbarians: Some of the first items traded with the West were decorated with maki-e lacquer" 3682:

H. Eiberg & J. Mohr (August 1987). "Major locus for red hair color linked to MNS blood groups on chromosome 4".

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festival in the Netherlands that attracts red-haired participants from around the world. The festival was held in

1271:" (1891) involves a man who is asked to become a member of a mysterious group of red-headed people. The 1943 film 6598: 5144: 4964: 3452: 1273: 1001:

or suffer other bleeding complications. One study, however, reports a link between red hair and a higher rate of

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production and also allows the individual to retain heat better than someone with darker skin. In 2000, Harding

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northeast of Kabul, however, the local population includes many people with blond or red hair and blue or...

2365: 2018: 1885: 1415: 971: 911: 667: 113: 3050:"Pastoralists and mobility in the Oglakhty cemetery of southern Siberia: new evidence from stable isotopes" 1963:, a reddish-brown color) has been used in both Australian and British slang to refer to red-headed people. 2830:, Princeton University Press, 15 Feb 2013, Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Antonio Moroni, Gianna Zei, page 270 1924: 1637: 1305: 1260: 1143: 951: 738:

may also be related to red hair. There are at least 8 genetic differences associated with red hair color.

248: 6535:] (in Japanese and Taiwanese Hokkien). Vol. 1. Taihoku: Governor-General of Taiwan. p. 94. 6409: 6383:

The culture which entered Japan through the Dutch language was called Kōmō culture – Kōmō means red hair.

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Culotta, Elizabeth (26 October 2007). "Ancient DNA Reveals Neandertals With Red Hair, Fair Complexions".

6390:"Academic Traditions, Urban Dynamics and Colonial Threat: The Rise of Ethnography in Early Modern Japan" 6202: 6023: 5513:

Anglicised form of the Irish Gaelic names Ruaidhri, Ruari, and the Scottish Gaelic Ruairidh and Ruaraidh

3458: 1268: 1167: 237: 5990: 2917: 1672: 839:, and that other experts had dismissed the research as either lacking in evidence or simply bogus. The 5118: 4378:"The melanocortin-1 receptor gene mediates female-specific mechanisms of analgesia in mice and humans" 1460: 1159: 561:

have a significant incidence of mixed-fair hair, caused by a genetic mutation different from European

6758: 6591: 4681: 4575: 4389: 3754: 3326: 2285: 1828: 1696: 1627: 1056: 907: 105: 6148: 4576:"Women with Red Hair Report a Slightly Increased Rate of Bruising but Have Normal Coagulation Tests" 3657: 3564:"Characterization of melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor variant alleles in twins with red hair" 1792:, even though the original Hebrew Torah implies that both King David and Esau had 'fiery red hair'. 467:. Many of the hair samples appear red in color, and one skull from the cemetery had a preserved red 49: 6763: 6331: 3499: 2975: 2218: 2010: 1945: 1871: 1753: 1535: 1193: 991: 879: 836: 510: 358: 97: 4528:

Kumar VV, Kumar NV, Isaacson G (November 2004). "Superstition and post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage".

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Krude H, Biebermann H, Gruters A (June 2003). "Mutations in the human proopiomelanocortin gene".

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Interpretation of Scripture in Early Judaism and Christianity: Studies in Language and Tradition

4760: 4754: 2280: 1139: 5878: 4875:"One Ginger's Top Ten List of Red Headed Superheroes (and Villains) - Women Write About Comics" 4164:"Increased sensitivity to thermal pain and reduced subcutaneous lidocaine efficacy in redheads" 6753: 6701: 6696: 6565: 6536: 6474: 6438: 6397: 6372: 6314: 6239: 6040: 5839: 5814: 5532: 5502: 5336: 5299: 5265: 5224: 5183: 5124: 4788: 4764: 4697: 4661: 4605: 4545: 4510: 4458: 4417: 4358: 4309: 4280:"Melanocortin-1 receptor gene variants affect pain and mu-opioid analgesia in mice and humans" 4193: 4126: 4077: 3976: 3893: 3883: 3858: 3788: 3770: 3701: 3639: 3585: 3505: 3448: 3381: 3375: 3357: 3354:

Xenophanes of Colophon: Fragments, Xenophanes, J. H. Lesher, University of Toronto Press, 2001

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article in fact states, "while redheads may decline, the potential for red isn't going away".

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The first and only festival for red heads in the United States was launched in 2015. Held in

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was over 6 feet (1.8 m) tall and had red strands of hair in his long beard. The ethnic

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Chao Romero, Robert; Ong, James; Guillermo-Wann, Chelsea; Logia, Jenifer (3 October 2019).

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Studies, American University (Washington, D.C.) Foreign Area; Smith, Harvey Henry (1969).

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Joanna Scuts; Red hair : a blessing or a curse ?; Washington Post; June 12, 2015

2146: 2128:(1603–1868) as an epithet for Dutch or Northern European people. It primarily referred to 2066: 2002: 1839: 1681: 1606:("king"). However, present bearers of the name are by no means all red-haired themselves. 1595: 1531: 1473: 1366: 1264: 1246: 1242: 1185: 1177: 1100: 1080: 932: 704: 429: 382: 197: 140: 93: 31: 6061: 5661: 1895: 1883:(herself a redhead) appeared as a red-haired character in a running sketch of her series 994:

between the POMC hormones that may explain the link between red hair and pain tolerance.

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military forces after being conquered by the Mongols. In the Chinese historical document

5264:. Trans. Augustus Taber Murray, William F. Wyatt. Harvard University Press. p. 27. 4685: 4393: 3758: 5789: 5459: 5033: 4750: 4693: 4600: 4591: 4541: 4505: 4480: 4437:"The Effect of Hair Colour on Anaesthetic Requirements and Recovery Time after Surgery" 4353: 4328: 4304: 4279: 4188: 4163: 4121: 4096: 3783: 3742: 3697: 3634: 3607: 3244:

Halperin, C. (2000). "The Kipchak connection: The Ilkhans, the Mamluks and Ayn Jalut".

2580: 2281:"Neither my husband nor I have redheads in our family. How did our child get red hair?" 2252: 1998: 1983: 1880: 1805: 1761: 1667: 1555: 1527: 1520: 1411: 1201: 942:. Another study showed women with gene variants associated with red hair had a greater 741:

In species other than primates, red hair has different genetic origins and mechanisms.

700: 530: 441: 209: 201: 124: 4412: 4377: 4046:"Pleiotropic effects of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene on human pigmentation" 3945: 3827:"Pleiotropic effects of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene on human pigmentation" 3807: 3743:"Genome-wide study of hair colour in UK Biobank explains most of the SNP heritability" 3278:

Kenny, E, et al., "Melanesian Blond Hair Is Caused by an Amino Acid Change in TYRP1",

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Jewish hearts: a study of dynamic ethnicity in the United States and the Soviet Union

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A common belief about redheads is that they have fiery tempers and sharp tongues. In

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gland. Melanocyte-stimulating hormones normally stimulates melanocytes to make black

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ancestry and lesser frequency in other populations. It is most common in individuals

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Shishlina, N.; Pankova, S.; Sevastyanov, V.; Kuznetsova, O.; Demidenko, Yu. (2016).

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Baumgarten, Siegmund Jakob; Beer, Ferdinand Wilhelm; Semler, Johann Salomo (1760).

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Maurice Fishberg (1911). Jews, race & environment. 99. Transaction Publishers.

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During the early stages of modern medicine, red hair was thought to be a sign of a

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Several accounts by Greek writers mention redheaded people. A fragment by the poet

578: 534: 519: 449: 326: 229: 175: 132: 62: 5721: 4892: 1465:), usually translated as blonde, or golden but sometimes as red or tawny. His son 6559: 5480: 5442: 5330: 5293: 5259: 5218: 5177: 3972: 3472: 2966:"There are, however, a noticeable number of Kabyles with red hair, blue eyes and 381:

have occasional redheads. Red hair frequency is especially significant among the

6658: 6628: 6502: 5366: 2256: 2129: 1916: 1909: 1823: 1466: 1435: 1431: 1351: 1336: 1328: 1286: 1282: 1220: 1118:

In various times and cultures, red hair has been prized, feared, and ridiculed.

1088: 1026: 983: 947: 899: 875: 688: 656: 613: 574: 570: 558: 514: 502: 486: 445: 414: 302: 144: 128: 4938: 4759:, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press (British Museum Press), pp. 4453: 4436: 4382:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

3766: 2526:

The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland

1407: 1343:, a city in the south east of the Netherlands, prior to 2019, when it moved to 863: 6686: 6663: 6643: 6633: 6470: 5956: 5912: 5050: 3257: 3022:

They are generally of medium, slender physique, with dark, sometimes red, hair

2967: 2244: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2125: 2014: 1933: 1863: 1851: 1847: 1785: 1777: 1197: 1049: 998: 987: 963: 939: 632: 609: 602: 590: 341: 282: 252: 152: 136: 6365:

Concepts of Chinese Science and Traditional Healing Arts: A Historical Review

5618:, Laterza, Bari 1998 (Italian book, chapter 2 about the recipe of Theophilus 4656: 4639: 4625: 3774: 2929: 2628:

The Early Slavs: Eastern Europe from the Initial Settlement to the Kievan Rus

2545: 6681: 6648: 6540: 4853: 4828: 4723:

Prasad, Vijeta; Mohta, Alpana; Srinivasa, Rekha; Ghiya, Bhikamchand (2022).

4402: 4295: 4062: 4045: 3843: 3826: 3580: 3563: 2862:

The Jewish Persona in the European Imagination: A Case of Russian Literature

2211: 2092: 2078: 1956: 1784:

would mistranslate the Hebrew Torah to describe the more positive figure of

1677: 1297: 1293: 979: 943: 938:

Researchers have found that people with red hair require greater amounts of

928: 924: 883: 776: 723: 711: 683: 594: 468: 460: 397: 333: 311: 298: 225: 156: 148: 6478: 6457:

Thomas M. van Gulik; Yuji Nimura (January 2005). "Dutch Surgery in Japan".

6442: 4701: 4665: 4609: 4549: 4514: 4462: 4421: 4362: 4313: 4197: 4130: 4081: 3980: 3897: 3862: 3792: 3643: 2823: 2821: 2588: 5479:

Nares, Robert; Halliwell-Phillipps, James Orchard; Wright, Thomas (1859).

3705: 3589: 2335: 1959:), sometimes with derogatory connotations. The word "rufus" (a variant of 1219:

Many painters have exhibited a fascination with red hair. The hair color "

57: 3066: 3049: 2074: 1967: 1941: 1928: 1781: 1723: 1708: 1699:

describes how the blood of a red-haired young man is necessary to create

1656: 1448: 1395:

MC1R Magazine is a publication for red-haired people worldwide, based in

1389: 1369:, for the local Israeli red hair community, including both Ashkenazi and 1041: 1002: 982:, but if the melanocytes have a mutated receptor, they will make reddish 903: 894: 887: 832: 750:

versus the scalp hair. However, some red-bearded people lack MC1R genes.

663: 526: 506: 494: 456: 410: 294: 101: 74: 3877: 1323: 1045: 893:

Red hair and its relationship to UV sensitivity are of interest to many

878:, but fair-skinned persons lack the levels of melanin needed to prevent 17: 6352: 6329:

Ranzaburo Otori (1964). "The Acceptance of Western Medicine in Japan".

6167:"Harriet Harman apologises for 'ginger rodent' jibe at Danny Alexander" 5908: 5742: 5650:, Craig A. Evans, Bloomsbury Publishing, 13 December 2004, page 177-178 5578: 5416: 5391: 2899: 2567:

Sunderland E (May 1956). "Hair-color variation in the United Kingdom".

2553: 2395:

Jacky Collis Harvey; A History of the Redhead; 2018; Running Press; USA

2327: 2157: 2132:

traders who were the only Europeans allowed to trade with Japan during

2070: 1765: 1735: 1727: 1469:

also bears the name Pyrrhus, a possible reference to his own red hair.

1396: 1385: 1344: 1213: 1030: 970:, and are structurally similar). Specifically, redheads have a mutated 886:

and decrease tanning ability. It has been found that Europeans who are

871: 772: 692: 628: 437: 421: 406: 402: 378: 374: 344:

that red hair is Jewish remains in parts of Eastern Europe and Russia.

215: 160: 6434: 5068: 1635:, the redheaded heroine, that "her temper matches her hair", while in 3153: 2655:

The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe

2184: 2150: 2134: 2097: 2046: 2033: 1960: 1912:, himself a redhead, also covered the topic in his song "Prejudice". 1855: 1843: 1740: 1704: 1452: 1224: 1108: 1084: 1034: 847: 675: 598: 337: 307: 6421:

Veldman, Jan E. (2002). "A Historical Vignette: Red-Hair Medicine".

6344: 5447:. Vol. 2. Leavitt, Trow, & Co. July 1851. pp. 315–317. 2891: 2875: 2537: 2521: 1241:

as a redhead. Other painters notable for their redheads include the

703:. Even if both parents do not have red hair themselves, both can be 6583: 4112: 3728:"Hair color gene study sheds new light on roots of redheads' locks" 3625: 3422: 3185:

Mixed Race Student Politics: A Rising "Third Wave" Movement at UCLA

2357: 1986:

which had the image of a child with red hair sitting on the lap of

455:

Several preserved samples of human hair have been obtained from an

6638: 5255: 5214: 5173: 4965:"Ginger Pride festival will be held in 2016 to celebrate redheads" 4638:

Challis BG, Pritchard LE, Creemers JW, et al. (August 2002).

1979: 1769: 1757: 1719: 1513: 1443: 1406: 1384:

A festival to celebrate the red-haired people is held annually in

1340: 1322: 1311:

A book of photographs of red haired people was published in 2020,

1227:, who often painted women with red hair. Early Renaissance artist 1209: 1158: 1138: 1120: 1104: 1094: 1070: 1022: 862: 640: 562: 548: 473: 425: 396: 354: 247: 233: 68: 56: 48: 4628:

Ed Friedlander, M.D., Pathologist. Last updated 24 September 2006

1381:, Redhead Days draws participants from across the United States. 6125:"I too have ginger hair. Abusing us is not acceptable prejudice" 2490:"Edinburgh is surprise capital of redheaded Britain and Ireland" 1789: 1773: 1700: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1476: 1362:

in London, with the aim of instilling pride in having red-hair.

1083:

with red hair and her distinct facial features, wearing a royal

967: 730:

are shown to be recessives for the red hair phenotype. The gene

727: 636: 541:, the Kipchak people are described as red haired and blue-eyed. 6587: 6077:"Facebook 'Kick a Ginger' campaign prompts attacks on redheads" 5048:"Photos: We Visited The Only Festival For Redheads In The U.S." 3423:"Тохтасьев С. Р. Sauromatae - Syrmatae - Sarmatae, ХСб 14 2005" 1666:

Another belief is that redheads are highly sexed; for example,

1482:

The Hebrew word usually translated "ruddy" or "reddish-brown" (

1358:

A smaller red-hair day festival is held since 2013 by the UK's

695:

are a common, but not universal, feature of red-haired people.

5223:. Trans. William Henry Denham Rouse. Penguin. pp. 14–15. 5182:. Trans. Ian Johnston, Ian C. Johnston. Penguin. p. 210. 5034:

Finally, a Red Alert This Summer That (Most) Israelis Welcomed

5019:

Fifty shades of orange: A conference on Kibbutz Gezer redheads

2808: 2806: 1903:) featured a spoof documentary which involved a caricature of 1858:, although this is widely disputed, and bodies such as the UK 635:

individuals were described as having ruddy hair. For example,

549: 5444:

The eclectic magazine of foreign literature, science, and art

5086: 4814:

Plant Cultures: Exploring plants and people. 18 November 2004

1458: 608:

In Asia, red or auburn hair has been found among the ancient

489:

have been discovered in various parts of Asia, including the

6252:

Ashley, Sean (5 November 2004). "Stop calling me ang moh ".

2857: 2855: 890:

for red hair exhibit increased sensitivity to UV radiation.

882:. Studies have shown that red hair alleles in MC1R increase 771:(1976) hypothesized that lighter skin pigmentation prevents 5580:

Gulliver's Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World

4376:

Mogil JS, Wilson SG, Chesler EJ, et al. (April 2003).

2410:"Celts' red hair could be attributed to the cloudy weather" 1718:, red hair and green eyes were thought to be the sign of a 5840:"'Red hair revenge' attack on Lincoln boy sees men jailed" 4435:

Myles, P. S.; Buchanan, F. F.; Bain, C. R. (1 July 2012).

1788:

as 'golden haired', in contrast to the negative figure of

6214:'s Press by G.J. Steyn and Brother. p. 481, col. 1. 4939:"The Irish Redhead Convention takes place in County Cork" 4250:"Do redheads really feel more pain? The jury's still out" 1048:

albinism), sometimes seen in Africans and inhabitants of

6525:

Naoyoshi Ogawa, ed. (1931–1932). "âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ (紅毛城)".

6022:. Oxford University Press. November 2012. Archived from 4327:

Liem EB, Lin CM, Suleman MI, et al. (August 2004).

4278:

Mogil JS, Ritchie J, Smith SB, et al. (July 2005).

4044:

Flanagan N, Healy E, Ray A, et al. (October 2000).

481:, Australian footballer of Afghan and Nicaraguan descent 6149:"Harriet Harman says 'ginger rodent' comment was wrong" 3293:"Journal of the Polynesian Society: Front Matter P 1-6" 2782:

Elkind. Evrei Trudi Antropologitshes-kavo Amdilla, xxi.

616:

in what is now the northwesternmost province of China.

6224:, red haired, generally applied to the English people. 3246:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies

2114:

are the same as those in the historical Japanese term

643:(Gen. 25:25; 1 Sam. 16:12, 17:42.), are described as " 143:. Characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment 5417:"Biblos Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible" 5392:"Biblos Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible" 2924:. New York: The Macmillan Company. pp. 480–482. 2828:

Consanguinity, Inbreeding, and Genetic Drift in Italy

1994:" after customers complained the card was offensive. 1350:

The Irish Redhead Convention, held in late August in

1216:

are used on hair to give it a bright red appearance.

1029:, is a sign of critical starvation caused chiefly by 420:

In Asia, red hair can be found among some peoples of

361:, all those with red hair were identified as Jewish. 5603:

Criminal Woman, the Prostitute, and the Normal Woman

3808:"Why do some men have red beards, but not red hair?" 2864:, By Leonid Livak, (Stanford University Press 2010). 1940:

Film and television programmes often portray school

1598:

and their diasporas – means "red-haired king", from

1292:

Notable comic book characters with red hair include

6710: 6672: 6621: 6185:"Sperm bank can't find takers for red-haired genes" 3608:"Evidence for Variable Selective Pressures at MC1R" 1365:Since 2014, a red-hair event is held in Israel, at 775:in colder climates by encouraging higher levels of 204:of Europe; it is centred around populations in the 6412:'s] book on the Dutch, 'Red-hair miscellany' ( 6396:. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. pp. 40–64 at 53. 6075: 5983:"Australian slang – a story of Australian English" 4725:"Heterochromia of beard hair - A rare case report" 4225: 3102:. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 108. 2488: 846:Red hair is caused by a relatively rare recessive 255:, Serbian prince and Orthodox monk, was a redhead. 5827:Schoolboy bullied over ginger hair hanged himself 5601:Nicole Hahn Rafter (ed), Lombroso & Ferraro, 4481:"Anesthetic requirement is increased in redheads" 4479:Liem EB, Lin CM, Suleman MI, et al. (2004). 4329:"Anesthetic requirement is increased in redheads" 4162:Liem EB, Joiner TV, Tsueda K, Sessler DI (2005). 4073:20.500.11820/ed3cb955-ec0f-4b4a-844e-cd806ca785ce 3854:20.500.11820/ed3cb955-ec0f-4b4a-844e-cd806ca785ce 1831:, Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 to 1190, from the 533:ethnic group from Central Asia who served in the 485:Ancient human remains described as having red or 6394:Anthropology and Colonialism in Asia and Oceania 5332:Ring of Seasons: Iceland—Its Culture and History 4795:, image plates and captions between pp. 246-247. 4785:Cleopatra the Great: The Woman Behind the Legend 4751:"Painting with a portrait of a woman in profile" 4023: 4021: 3606:Harding, Rosalind M.; et al. (April 2000). 3220:Medieval Researches from Eastern Asiatic Sources 2880:Journal of the Anthropological Society of London 1414:is commonly portrayed with long red hair, as in 6392:. In van Bremen, Jan; Akitoshi Shimizu (eds.). 6113:. 14 December 2009. Retrieved 28 December 2009. 5743:"Oxford English Dictionary s.v. "ginger" II.5b" 5638:, (University of Delaware Press, 2004), page 40 2522:"Memoir on the Pigmentation Survey of Scotland" 1732: 966:(both derive from the same precursor molecule, 831:article says that the foundation was funded by 232:recruits also found high levels of red hair in 5528:Learn about the family history of your surname 5367:"Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible" 5029: 5027: 5021:By Hagai Matar, Mekomit.co.il, 28 August 2014. 4893:"In pictures: Connecting the world's redheads" 3562:Box NF, Wyeth JR, et al. (October 1997). 2815:, SUNY Press, 2001, Betty N. Hoffman, page 106 2470:"Auld Reekie is world capital for ginger hair" 2434:Moffat, Alistair; Wilson, James (1 May 2011). 2119: 1670:satirizes redhead stereotypes in part four of 147:and relatively low levels of the dark pigment 40:"Redhead" redirects here. For other uses, see 6599: 6216: 5715: 5713: 4990:"Israel holds first conference for 'gingers'" 3399: 3397: 2838: 2836: 2091:) meaning "red-haired devil", similar to the 2086: 1659:, redheads are seen as most likely to have a 1610:Prejudice and discrimination against redheads 1075:Most likely a posthumous painted portrait of 1025:. The condition, part of a syndrome known as 666:of red hair appear to be associated with the 8: 6271:Hubble, Garry (5 November 2004). "ang moh". 5335:. University of Michigan Press. p. 85. 3520:was the first to identify MC1R associations 3033:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2073:) Chinese, meaning "red-haired", is used in 1966:In November 2008, social networking website 1495: 1486: 1033:deficiency, and is common during periods of 620:have been found with red hair dating to the 522:show they are sometimes born with red hair. 6049:Geographical Names Board of New South Wales 4569: 4567: 4097:"The genetics of sun sensitivity in humans" 3876:Bodmer, W. F; Cavalli-Sforza, L. L (1976). 3380:. Cambridge University Press. p. 401. 2178: 1978:In December 2009 British supermarket chain 1862:do not monitor cases of discrimination and 1616:Discrimination against people with red hair 1052:, results in red hair and red-colored skin. 1021:, normally dark human hair may turn red or 6606: 6592: 6584: 6237:g Soh Chin (30 October 2004). "Soh Chin". 6107:"Tesco apologises over 'ginger jibe' card" 6060: 5605:, Duke University Press, 2004, pp. 123–24. 4621: 4619: 3601: 3599: 2988:Wahab, Shaista; Youngerman, Barry (2007). 2754:Jewish genetic disorders: a layman's guide 2612:North American Society for Serbian Studies 2309: 2307: 2107:, and in television programmes and films. 269: 4825:"Image Young Redhead in an Evening Dress" 4753:, in Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (eds.), 4655: 4626:Pathology Guy: Accumulations and Deposits 4599: 4504: 4452: 4411: 4401: 4352: 4303: 4187: 4120: 4071: 4061: 3852: 3842: 3782: 3633: 3579: 3158:Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge 3065: 1554:origin, which is an anglicisation of the 1479:is usually described as having red hair. 1430:, red hair was associated with the deity 854:Medical implications of the red hair gene 707:for the gene and have a redheaded child. 597:as blue-eyed and red-haired. The ancient 178:, caused by a mutation in the MC1R gene. 6045:Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW 5075:(in Russian). Izhevsk city portal. 2017. 4756:Cleopatra of Egypt: from History to Myth 4273: 4271: 3918:. London. 2 October 2002. Archived from 2701:The Times guide to the peoples of Europe 2658:. Cornell University Press. p. 59. 2403: 2401: 2243:Defined in the study as the counties of 1870:red hair; in the same year, a family in 1822: 687:skin that is difficult or impossible to 545:Americas, Oceania and Sub-Saharan Africa 208:and is particularly associated with the 174:The origin of red hair can be traced to 112:that produces an altered version of the 6307:"Meet Bukit Panjang's 'ang moh leader'" 6289:Sargent, Michael D. (21 October 2007). 5525:Hanks, Patrick; Hodges, Flavia (1996). 5501:. Cambridge: Worth Press. p. 220. 5486:. Vol. 1. J.R. Smith. p. 473. 4474: 4472: 3319:Antrocom Online Journal of Anthropology 3282:, 4 May 2012, Vol. 336 no. 6081 p. 554. 2271: 2236: 1538:, reinforcing the negative stereotype. 1087:and pearl-studded hairpins, from Roman 674:. In 1995, Valverde, et al. identified 553:2 women with mixed reddish-brown hair, 196:Red hair is most commonly found at the 6361:"A Brief History of Medicine in Japan" 6305:Ee Wen Wei, Jamie (11 November 2007). 5036:Roy Arad, Haaretz.com, 30 August 2014. 3504:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 393. 3026: 1992:Santa loves all kids. Even ginger ones 1655:. In the Indian medicinal practice of 874:in the skin aids UV tolerance through 497:, China. In Chinese sources, ancient 6291:"Lessons for this gweilo and ang moh" 5660:Hare, Augustus John Cuthbert (1895). 2757:. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland. p. 2724:Harvey, Jacky Colliss (9 June 2015). 2027:Use of term in Singapore and Malaysia 1889:. The sketch saw fictional character 1530:is also represented with red hair in 1403:Religious and mythological traditions 1327:Hundreds of redheads together at the 7: 6088:from the original on 11 January 2022 5957:"Carrot-Tops: Being Red Not So Easy" 5292:Grant, Michael; Hazel, John (2002). 4749:Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (2001), 3806:Plackett, Benjamin (14 March 2020). 3099:Interpreters in Early Imperial China 2501:from the original on 11 January 2022 2138:, its 200-year period of isolation. 1854:). "Gingerism" has been compared to 1055:Red hair is found on people lacking 867:A close-up view of straight red hair 794:A DNA study has concluded that some 6074:Moore, Matthew (22 November 2008). 5865:Catherine Tate: Ginger Refuge video 5577:Swift, Jonathan (1 February 1997). 4910:Spencer, Clare (9 September 2009). 3020:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1707:, in a mixture with the ashes of a 1496: 1487: 935:such as electrically induced pain. 332:Red hair is also found amongst the 238:Scottish border counties of England 119:Red hair varies in hue from a deep 6210:. Macao: Printed at the Honorable 6020:Oxford Australia Word of the Month 5790:"Woman wins ginger jibes tribunal" 5120:Ramesses: Egypt's Greatest Pharaoh 5117:Tyldesley, Joyce (26 April 2001). 4694:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb03185.x 4592:10.1213/01.ANE.0000180769.51576.CD 4574:Liem Edwin B, et al. (2006). 4542:10.1097/01.mlg.0000147942.82626.1c 3934:"Red hair genes 100,000 years old" 3698:10.1111/j.1399-0004.1987.tb03339.x 3613:American Journal of Human Genetics 3194:UCLA Asian American Studies Center 2699:Fernández-Armesto, Felipe (1994). 2679:Stanaszek, Łukasz Maurycy (2001). 2581:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1955.tb01286.x 2279:Starr, D. Barry (26 August 2004). 1676:, "A Voyage to the Country of the 1519:Early artistic representations of 722:The alleles Arg151Cys, Arg160Trp, 151:, it is typically associated with 25: 6496:Michael Dunn (20 November 2008). 6165:Moss, Vincent (31 October 2010). 5705:Gingerphobia: Carrot-tops see red 5298:. Psychology Press. p. 359. 3944:(11). 31 May 2001. Archived from 3501:A Guide to Forensic DNA Profiling 3377:The Early Age of Greece, Volume 1 2682:Fenotyp dawnych Słowian (VI-X w.) 2408:Moffat, Alistair (30 June 2017). 1420:Anthony Frederick Augustus Sandys 1237:depicts the mythological goddess 1223:" takes its name from the artist 1204:can boost sales of red hair dye. 6123:Milton, Nicholas (10 May 2016). 5815:Red-haired family forced to move 5769:"Man stabbed over "ginger hair"" 5722:"Is Gingerism as Bad as Racism?" 5295:Who's who in classical mythology 5220:The Iliad: the story of Achillês 4996:. 29 August 2014. Archived from 4497:10.1097/00000542-200408000-00006 4345:10.1097/00000542-200408000-00006 4180:10.1097/00000542-200503000-00006 3223:. Psychology Press. p. 72. 2487:Cramb, Auslan (24 August 2013). 2468:Mcardle, Helen (26 April 2014). 1546:The mainly masculine given name 573:) hair is also found among some 262: 192:Northern and Northwestern Europe 5877:Jinman, Richard (4 July 2003). 5867:Gingerism.com, 18 December 2008 3882:. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. 3146:Hattaway, Paul (19 July 2018). 2957:, Greenwood Press, 1972, p. 478 2173: 2061: 1811:In his 1895 memoir and history 1009:Red hair of pathological origin 6359:P Y Ho; F. P Lisowski (1993). 4937:Curtis, Dan (25 August 2014). 4441:Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 3498:Bader, Scott (21 March 2016). 3149:Guizhou: The Precious Province 2990:A Brief History of Afghanistan 2164: 2051: 2042: 1908:as a form of racism. Comedian 1860:Commission for Racial Equality 1621:Beliefs concerning temperament 1602:("red-haired" or "rusty") and 1176:was a redhead, and during the 1113:Istanbul Archaeological Museum 962:(MSH), and the pain-relieving 960:melanocyte-stimulating hormone 627:In certain Biblical accounts, 365:North Africa and Mediterranean 1: 6533:Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary 6191:. Toronto. 20 September 2011. 5936:"The stigma of TV's redheads" 5767:BBC News (24 November 2003). 5565:The Practical Magnetic Healer 5458:White, Joseph Blanco (1825). 4963:Mulroy, Zahra (2 July 2015). 3449:"Mysterious Mummies of China" 3018:Area Handbook for Afghanistan 2849:, 31–46, 1982, Melinnkoff R.M 2843:Judas's Red Hair and The Jews 2727:Red: A History of the Redhead 2124:), which was used during the 2013:, one of the world's largest 1973:Royal Canadian Mounted Police 1567:Ruaidhrí/Ruaidhrígh/Raidhrígh 1147: 1129: 5934:Daily Bruin (3 April 2006). 5903:Tim Minchin (4 March 2010). 5829:Daily Telegraph, 12 May 2009 5497:Martin-Doyle, Katie (1999). 4002:Gingers extinct in 100 years 3973:10.1126/science.318.5850.546 3879:Genetics, evolution, and man 3552:, and reviewed by Sturm, )." 3325:(2): 221–226. Archived from 3217:Bretschneider, Emil (2000). 2874:Stirling, John (1870–1871). 2437:The Scots: A Genetic Journey 1508:) was used to describe both 1453: 1174:Queen Elizabeth I of England 389:from Algeria, respectively. 6564:. Blue Mountain Arts, Inc. 6313:. Singapore. Archived from 6297:. Singapore. Archived from 5531:. Oxford University Press. 4284:Journal of Medical Genetics 3421:Tokhtas'ev, Sergej (2005). 3060:(351). Cambridge: 679–694. 2110:The Chinese characters for 1817:Augustus John Cuthbert Hare 946:response to the painkiller 92:found in 2–6% of people of 6780: 6388:Winkel, Margarita (1999). 5905:"Prejudice by Tim Minchin" 5707:BBC News, 22 February 2000 5555:for the given name "Rory". 4580:Anesthesia & Analgesia 4454:10.1177/0310057X1204000415 3767:10.1038/s41467-018-07691-z 3374:Ridgeway, William (2014). 3312:"Enigma of the Ngati Hotu" 2955:The Races of Europe (1939) 2631:. Routledge. p. 137. 2625:Dolukhanov, Pavel (2013). 1975:for possible hate crimes. 1613: 1459: 1111:in her arms, 2nd century, 807: 670:(MC1R), which is found on 317:In the late 18th century, 39: 29: 6471:10.1007/s00268-004-7549-3 6217: 5883:The Sydney Morning Herald 5747:Oxford English Dictionary 5636:Theatres and Performances 4879:womenwriteaboutcomics.com 4254:Wellness Blog on TIME.com 4095:Rees JL (November 2004). 4034:. Retrieved 28 June 2009. 4015:. Retrieved 28 June 2009. 3658:"HGNC Symbol Report:HCL2" 3310:Bolton, Kerry R. (2010). 3258:10.1017/S0041977X00007205 2972:Area Handbook for Algeria 2918:"The Mediterranean World" 2847:Journal of Jewish Art (9) 2740:– via Google Books. 2120: 2087: 1796:Modern-day discrimination 1388:(Russia), the capital of 1335:There has been an annual 918:Pain tolerance and injury 651:Biochemistry and genetics 647:", meaning red or ruddy. 6718:Disappearing blonde gene 6527: 6459:World Journal of Surgery 6371:. pp. 65–78 at 73. 6275:. Singapore. p. 5. 6256:. Singapore. p. 5. 6244:. Singapore. p. 4. 5720:BBC News (6 June 2007). 4810:23 November 2008 at the 4783:Fletcher, Joann (2008). 3831:Human Molecular Genetics 3568:Human Molecular Genetics 2751:Abel, Ernest L. (2001). 2652:Barford, Paul M (2001). 2569:Annals of Human Genetics 1780:. The ancient historian 1730:during the Middle Ages: 1315:by Kieran Dodds (2020). 810:Disappearing blonde gene 42:Redhead (disambiguation) 6733:Melanocortin 1 receptor 5662:""The Home of Earlham"" 5329:Lacy, Terry G. (2000). 5149:Perseus Digital Library 4403:10.1073/pnas.0730053100 4296:10.1136/jmg.2004.027698 3912:"Nicole's hair secrets" 2992:. Infobase Publishing. 2703:. London: Times Books. 2366:Oxford University Press 2019:artificial insemination 1886:The Catherine Tate Show 1590:which is common to the 1451:' hair is described as 972:melanocortin-1 receptor 912:squamous cell carcinoma 668:melanocortin-1 receptor 182:Geographic distribution 5666:The Gurneys of Earlham 5499:Treasury of Baby Names 5464:. H. Colburn. p. 5145:"Homer, Iliad, Book 1" 4732:Our Dermatology Online 4657:10.1093/hmg/11.17.1997 2914:Coon, Carleton Stevens 2876:"The Races of Morocco" 2214:– in non-human animals 2141:The historic fortress 1835: 1813:The Gurneys of Earlham 1745: 1638:The Catcher in the Rye 1631:, a character says of 1575: 1559: 1423: 1367:Kibbutz Gezer (Carrot) 1360:Anti-Bullying Alliance 1332: 1261:Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 1170: 1155:Media, fashion and art 1151: 1144:Elizabeth I of England 1136: 1115: 1103:depicting the goddess 1092: 952:morphine-6-glucuronide 868: 566: 482: 417: 256: 78: 66: 54: 6203:Walter Henry Medhurst 5817:BBC News, 2 June 2007 5371:Abibleconcordance.com 4063:10.1093/hmg/9.17.2531 4007:27 March 2014 at the 3844:10.1093/hmg/9.17.2531 3747:Nature Communications 3581:10.1093/hmg/6.11.1891 3410:E. Dilly. p. 30. 2614:. 10–11: 78–90. 1997. 2358:"redhead, n. and adj" 1826: 1748:Medieval antisemitism 1743:, whose hair was red. 1410: 1326: 1269:The Red-Headed League 1168:Edmund Blair Leighton 1162: 1142: 1124: 1098: 1074: 880:UV-induced DNA-damage 866: 552: 477: 400: 251: 163:, and sensitivity to 98:Northwestern European 72: 60: 52: 6723:Fischer–Saller scale 6561:The Redhead Handbook 6029:on 14 February 2017. 4787:. New York: Harper. 4674:Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci 4214:(11 December 2005). 3427:Херсонесский сборник 3096:Rachel Lung (2011). 3067:10.15184/aqy.2016.92 2286:The Tech Interactive 1829:Frederick Barbarossa 1697:Theophilus Presbyter 1628:Anne of Green Gables 1534:and in the works of 1091:, mid-1st century AD 1057:pro-opiomelanocortin 908:basal cell carcinoma 837:Procter & Gamble 303:early Slavic peoples 6558:Cass, Cort (2003). 6332:Monumenta Nipponica 6235:See, for instance, 6082:The Daily Telegraph 6013:"Word of the month" 5684:The Huffington Post 5680:"Redheads We Love!" 5583:. Project Gutenberg 5107:(1994), pp. 200–01. 5057:on 25 October 2016. 5046:Mlinaric, Jessica. 4912:"People get red-dy" 4899:. 15 November 2020. 4881:. 25 February 2014. 4686:2003NYASA.994..233K 4394:2003PNAS..100.4867M 3922:on 2 February 2007. 3916:The Daily Telegraph 3759:2018NatCo...9.5271M 3477:Judaism and Science 3332:on 4 September 2011 3081:Woog, Adam (2009). 2976:American University 2922:The Races of Europe 2610:"Serbian Studies". 2520:Gray, John (1907). 2219:How to be a Redhead 2011:Cryos International 2009:In September 2011, 1946:Louise Burfitt-Dons 1925:It's a Jersey Thing 1872:Newcastle upon Tyne 1754:Spanish Inquisition 1536:William Shakespeare 1277:featured red-heads 1231:'s famous painting 1194:Christina Hendricks 1107:holding the infant 1101:Roman marble statue 1017:In cases of severe 841:National Geographic 823:National Geographic 726:, and Arg142His on 710:Genetic studies of 612:, who occupied the 518:phenotype study of 359:Spanish Inquisition 53:Woman with red hair 6465:(1): 10–17 at 10. 6327:See, for example, 6212:East India Company 6155:. 30 October 2010. 5915:on 30 October 2021 5461:Letters from Spain 4221:The New York Times 4028:Redhead extinction 3461:. 20 January 1998. 2730:. Hachette Books. 2328:10.1038/ng1195-328 2289:. Ask a Geneticist 2143:Fort Santo Domingo 1990:, and the words: " 1899:(starring redhead 1866:against redheads. 1836: 1673:Gulliver's Travels 1424: 1416:this 1859 painting 1379:Highwood, Illinois 1333: 1319:Red hair festivals 1274:DuBarry Was a Lady 1234:The Birth of Venus 1171: 1152: 1137: 1126:Portrait of a Lady 1116: 1093: 976:anterior pituitary 869: 820:, which cited the 567: 483: 418: 393:Asia (all regions) 257: 79: 67: 55: 30:For the film, see 6741: 6740: 6702:Hydrogen peroxide 6571:978-1-58786-011-9 6510:on 24 June 2010. 6435:10.1159/000057797 6403:978-0-7007-0604-4 6378:978-981-02-1495-1 6311:The Straits Times 6301:on 25 March 2014. 6295:The Straits Times 6273:The Straits Times 6254:The Straits Times 6240:The Straits Times 5993:on 19 August 2017 5879:"Taking the Mick" 5620:De auro hyspanico 5616:Il sacro artefice 5508:978-1-903025-11-6 5342:978-0-472-08661-0 5305:978-0-415-26041-1 5271:978-0-674-99579-6 5261:Iliad: Books 1–12 5230:978-0-451-52737-0 5189:978-0-9776269-0-8 5130:978-0-14-194978-9 5091:mc1r-magazine.com 5069:"Рыжий фестиваль" 5000:on 19 August 2017 4916:BBC News Magazine 4793:978-0-06-058558-7 4650:(17): 1997–2004. 4101:Am. J. Hum. Genet 3967:(5850): 546–547. 3889:978-0-7167-0573-4 3837:(17): 2531–2537. 3685:Clinical Genetics 3511:978-1-118-75152-7 2999:978-1-4381-0819-3 2886:: clxix–clxxiii. 2799:978-1-4128-0574-2 2768:978-0-7864-0941-9 2710:978-0-7230-0624-4 2665:978-0-8014-3977-3 2638:978-0-582-23618-9 2185:Red-hair (ang mo) 2181: 2153:was nicknamed in 2104:The Straits Times 1997:In October 2010, 1921:Le Petit Tourette 1833:Historia Welforum 1800:In his 1885 book 1686:Guglielmo Ferrero 1229:Sandro Botticelli 1134:Sandro Botticelli 927:levels) and that 814:A 2007 report in 622:2nd millennium BC 505:, Chinese author 385:from Morocco and 165:ultraviolet light 16:(Redirected from 6771: 6615:Human hair color 6608: 6601: 6594: 6585: 6575: 6545: 6544: 6522: 6516: 6515: 6506:. Archived from 6493: 6454: 6418: 6410:Morishima Chūryō 6385: 6369:World Scientific 6356: 6339:(3/4): 254–274. 6325: 6319: 6318: 6302: 6286: 6280: 6279: 6267: 6261: 6260: 6249: 6233: 6227: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6199: 6193: 6192: 6181: 6175: 6174: 6162: 6156: 6146: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6135: 6120: 6114: 6104: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6079: 6071: 6065: 6064: 6059: 6057: 6055: 6037: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6017: 6009: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5998: 5989:. Archived from 5987:Australia.gov.au 5979: 5973: 5972: 5970: 5968: 5963:. 13 August 2007 5953: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5942: 5931: 5925: 5924: 5922: 5920: 5911:. Archived from 5900: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5889: 5874: 5868: 5862: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5851: 5836: 5830: 5824: 5818: 5812: 5806: 5805: 5803: 5801: 5786: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5775: 5764: 5758: 5757: 5755: 5753: 5739: 5733: 5732: 5730: 5728: 5717: 5708: 5702: 5696: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5676: 5670: 5669: 5657: 5651: 5645: 5639: 5629: 5623: 5612: 5606: 5599: 5593: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5574: 5568: 5567:G. M. Brown 1899 5562: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5550: 5545:on 26 April 2013 5541:. Archived from 5522: 5516: 5515: 5494: 5488: 5487: 5476: 5470: 5469: 5455: 5449: 5448: 5438: 5432: 5431: 5429: 5427: 5413: 5407: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5388: 5382: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5363: 5357: 5356: 5351: 5349: 5326: 5320: 5319: 5314: 5312: 5289: 5283: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5252: 5246: 5245: 5239: 5237: 5211: 5205: 5204: 5198: 5196: 5170: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5153:Tufts University 5141: 5135: 5134: 5114: 5108: 5105:Egyptian Mummies 5101: 5095: 5094: 5083: 5077: 5076: 5065: 5059: 5058: 5053:. Archived from 5043: 5037: 5031: 5022: 5016: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5005: 4986: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4960: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4934: 4928: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4907: 4901: 4900: 4889: 4883: 4882: 4871: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4846: 4840: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4821: 4815: 4802: 4796: 4781: 4775: 4774: 4746: 4740: 4739: 4729: 4720: 4714: 4713: 4669: 4659: 4635: 4629: 4623: 4614: 4613: 4603: 4571: 4562: 4561: 4530:The Laryngoscope 4525: 4519: 4518: 4508: 4476: 4467: 4466: 4456: 4432: 4426: 4425: 4415: 4405: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4356: 4324: 4318: 4317: 4307: 4275: 4266: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4256:. 12 August 2009 4246: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4235: 4229: 4224:. Archived from 4216:"Stoic Redheads" 4208: 4202: 4201: 4191: 4159: 4153: 4150: 4144: 4141: 4135: 4134: 4124: 4092: 4086: 4085: 4075: 4065: 4041: 4035: 4025: 4016: 3999: 3993: 3992: 3956: 3950: 3949: 3938:Oxford Blueprint 3930: 3924: 3923: 3908: 3902: 3901: 3873: 3867: 3866: 3856: 3846: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3786: 3738: 3732: 3731: 3724: 3718: 3717: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3654: 3648: 3647: 3637: 3603: 3594: 3593: 3583: 3559: 3553: 3515: 3495: 3489: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3418: 3412: 3411: 3401: 3392: 3391: 3371: 3365: 3348: 3342: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3331: 3316: 3307: 3301: 3300: 3289: 3283: 3276: 3270: 3269: 3241: 3235: 3234: 3214: 3208: 3207: 3179: 3173: 3171: 3143: 3137: 3127: 3121: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3093: 3087: 3086: 3078: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3045: 3039: 3038: 3032: 3024: 3013: 3007: 3006: 2985: 2979: 2964: 2958: 2951:Carleton S. Coon 2947: 2941: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2871: 2865: 2859: 2850: 2840: 2831: 2825: 2816: 2810: 2801: 2791: 2785: 2779: 2773: 2772: 2748: 2742: 2741: 2721: 2715: 2714: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2687: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2649: 2643: 2642: 2622: 2616: 2615: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2564: 2558: 2557: 2517: 2511: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2492: 2484: 2478: 2477: 2465: 2459: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2431: 2425: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2405: 2396: 2393: 2387: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2354: 2348: 2347: 2311: 2302: 2301: 2296: 2294: 2276: 2259: 2241: 2225:List of redheads 2182: 2179: 2175: 2166: 2123: 2122: 2090: 2089: 2063: 2053: 2044: 1988:Father Christmas 1953:Australian slang 1716:Montague Summers 1692:Medieval beliefs 1643:Holden Caulfield 1499: 1498: 1491:, from the root 1490: 1489: 1464: 1463: 1456: 1331:, September 2007 1149: 1131: 1044:(Type 3, a.k.a. 817:The Courier-Mail 555:Papua New Guinea 281:Depiction of an 273: 266: 141:strawberry blond 106:recessive allele 90:human hair color 84:, also known as 27:Human hair color 21: 6779: 6778: 6774: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6769: 6768: 6744: 6743: 6742: 6737: 6728:Greying of hair 6706: 6668: 6617: 6612: 6582: 6572: 6557: 6554: 6552:Further reading 6549: 6548: 6529: 6524: 6523: 6519: 6495: 6456: 6420: 6404: 6387: 6379: 6358: 6345:10.2307/2383172 6328: 6326: 6322: 6317:on 15 May 2007. 6304: 6288: 6287: 6283: 6270: 6268: 6264: 6251: 6236: 6234: 6230: 6201: 6200: 6196: 6183: 6182: 6178: 6164: 6163: 6159: 6147: 6143: 6133: 6131: 6122: 6121: 6117: 6105: 6101: 6091: 6089: 6073: 6072: 6068: 6053: 6051: 6039: 6038: 6034: 6026: 6015: 6011: 6010: 6006: 5996: 5994: 5981: 5980: 5976: 5966: 5964: 5955: 5954: 5950: 5940: 5938: 5933: 5932: 5928: 5918: 5916: 5902: 5901: 5897: 5887: 5885: 5876: 5875: 5871: 5863: 5859: 5849: 5847: 5846:. 16 April 2013 5838: 5837: 5833: 5825: 5821: 5813: 5809: 5799: 5797: 5788: 5787: 5783: 5773: 5771: 5766: 5765: 5761: 5751: 5749: 5741: 5740: 5736: 5726: 5724: 5719: 5718: 5711: 5703: 5699: 5689: 5687: 5678: 5677: 5673: 5659: 5658: 5654: 5646: 5642: 5630: 5626: 5613: 5609: 5600: 5596: 5586: 5584: 5576: 5575: 5571: 5563: 5559: 5548: 5546: 5539: 5524: 5523: 5519: 5509: 5496: 5495: 5491: 5478: 5477: 5473: 5457: 5456: 5452: 5440: 5439: 5435: 5425: 5423: 5415: 5414: 5410: 5400: 5398: 5390: 5389: 5385: 5375: 5373: 5365: 5364: 5360: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5328: 5327: 5323: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5291: 5290: 5286: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5254: 5253: 5249: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5213: 5212: 5208: 5194: 5192: 5190: 5172: 5171: 5167: 5157: 5155: 5143: 5142: 5138: 5131: 5116: 5115: 5111: 5102: 5098: 5087:"MC1R Magazine" 5085: 5084: 5080: 5067: 5066: 5062: 5045: 5044: 5040: 5032: 5025: 5017: 5013: 5003: 5001: 4988: 4987: 4983: 4973: 4971: 4962: 4961: 4957: 4947: 4945: 4936: 4935: 4931: 4921: 4919: 4909: 4908: 4904: 4891: 4890: 4886: 4873: 4872: 4868: 4858: 4856: 4848: 4847: 4843: 4833: 4831: 4823: 4822: 4818: 4812:Wayback Machine 4805:Henna – history 4803: 4799: 4782: 4778: 4771: 4748: 4747: 4743: 4727: 4722: 4721: 4717: 4671: 4670: 4644:Hum. Mol. Genet 4637: 4636: 4632: 4624: 4617: 4573: 4572: 4565: 4527: 4526: 4522: 4478: 4477: 4470: 4434: 4433: 4429: 4375: 4374: 4370: 4326: 4325: 4321: 4277: 4276: 4269: 4259: 4257: 4248: 4247: 4243: 4233: 4231: 4210: 4209: 4205: 4161: 4160: 4156: 4151: 4147: 4142: 4138: 4094: 4093: 4089: 4050:Hum. Mol. Genet 4043: 4042: 4038: 4026: 4019: 4009:Wayback Machine 4000: 3996: 3958: 3957: 3953: 3948:on 9 July 2001. 3932: 3931: 3927: 3910: 3909: 3905: 3890: 3875: 3874: 3870: 3824: 3823: 3819: 3812:livescience.com 3805: 3804: 3800: 3740: 3739: 3735: 3726: 3725: 3721: 3681: 3680: 3676: 3666: 3664: 3656: 3655: 3651: 3605: 3604: 3597: 3574:(11): 1891–97. 3561: 3560: 3556: 3522:pheomelanogenic 3512: 3497: 3496: 3492: 3482: 3480: 3471: 3470: 3466: 3447: 3446: 3442: 3432: 3430: 3420: 3419: 3415: 3403: 3402: 3395: 3388: 3373: 3372: 3368: 3349: 3345: 3335: 3333: 3329: 3314: 3309: 3308: 3304: 3291: 3290: 3286: 3277: 3273: 3243: 3242: 3238: 3231: 3216: 3215: 3211: 3204: 3190:Los Angeles, CA 3181: 3180: 3176: 3168: 3145: 3144: 3140: 3128: 3124: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3095: 3094: 3090: 3080: 3079: 3075: 3047: 3046: 3042: 3025: 3015: 3014: 3010: 3000: 2987: 2986: 2982: 2965: 2961: 2948: 2944: 2934: 2932: 2912: 2911: 2907: 2892:10.2307/3025183 2873: 2872: 2868: 2860: 2853: 2841: 2834: 2826: 2819: 2811: 2804: 2792: 2788: 2780: 2776: 2769: 2750: 2749: 2745: 2738: 2723: 2722: 2718: 2711: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2685: 2678: 2677: 2673: 2666: 2651: 2650: 2646: 2639: 2624: 2623: 2619: 2609: 2608: 2604: 2566: 2565: 2561: 2538:10.2307/2843323 2519: 2518: 2514: 2504: 2502: 2486: 2485: 2481: 2467: 2466: 2462: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2433: 2432: 2428: 2418: 2416: 2407: 2406: 2399: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2381: 2371: 2369: 2356: 2355: 2351: 2316:Nature Genetics 2313: 2312: 2305: 2292: 2290: 2278: 2277: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2262: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2193: 2029: 2003:Danny Alexander 1840:British English 1798: 1750: 1694: 1682:Cesare Lombroso 1623: 1618: 1612: 1572:Scottish Gaelic 1544: 1542:The name "Rory" 1532:Spanish culture 1405: 1321: 1265:Sherlock Holmes 1247:Edmund Leighton 1243:Pre-Raphaelites 1186:Alyson Hannigan 1178:Elizabethan era 1157: 1081:Ptolemaic Egypt 1069: 1040:One variety of 1011: 933:noxious stimuli 920: 861: 856: 812: 804: 802:Extinction hoax 761: 756: 747: 720: 680:red hair colour 653: 587: 569:Reddish-brown ( 547: 395: 373:populations of 367: 350: 348:Southern Europe 321:considered the 288: 287: 286: 280: 275: 274: 267: 246: 202:western fringes 194: 189: 184: 153:fair skin color 45: 38: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6777: 6775: 6767: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6746: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6714: 6712: 6708: 6707: 6705: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6678: 6676: 6670: 6669: 6667: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6625: 6623: 6619: 6618: 6613: 6611: 6610: 6603: 6596: 6588: 6581: 6580:External links 6578: 6577: 6576: 6570: 6553: 6550: 6547: 6546: 6517: 6429:(2): 157–165. 6402: 6377: 6320: 6281: 6269:For instance, 6262: 6228: 6194: 6176: 6157: 6141: 6115: 6099: 6066: 6032: 6004: 5974: 5948: 5926: 5895: 5869: 5857: 5831: 5819: 5807: 5796:. 25 June 2007 5781: 5759: 5734: 5709: 5697: 5686:. 29 June 2012 5671: 5652: 5640: 5624: 5614:Palo Galloni, 5607: 5594: 5569: 5557: 5537: 5517: 5507: 5489: 5483:contemporaries 5471: 5450: 5433: 5421:Biblesuite.com 5408: 5396:Biblesuite.com 5383: 5358: 5341: 5321: 5304: 5284: 5270: 5247: 5229: 5206: 5188: 5165: 5136: 5129: 5123:. Penguin UK. 5109: 5096: 5078: 5060: 5038: 5023: 5011: 4994:Al-monitor.com 4981: 4955: 4929: 4902: 4884: 4866: 4841: 4816: 4797: 4776: 4769: 4741: 4715: 4630: 4615: 4586:(1): 313–318. 4563: 4536:(11): 2031–3. 4520: 4485:Anesthesiology 4468: 4447:(4): 683–689. 4427: 4388:(8): 4867–72. 4368: 4333:Anesthesiology 4319: 4267: 4241: 4230:on 29 May 2015 4203: 4168:Anesthesiology 4154: 4145: 4136: 4113:10.1086/425285 4087: 4056:(17): 2531–7. 4036: 4017: 3994: 3951: 3925: 3903: 3888: 3868: 3817: 3798: 3733: 3719: 3674: 3662:Gene.ucl.ac.uk 3649: 3626:10.1086/302863 3620:(4): 1351–61. 3595: 3554: 3510: 3490: 3479:. 7 April 2015 3464: 3440: 3413: 3393: 3386: 3366: 3343: 3302: 3297:auckland.ac.nz 3284: 3271: 3252:(2): 229–245. 3236: 3229: 3209: 3203:978-0934052528 3202: 3174: 3166: 3138: 3122: 3109:978-9027224446 3108: 3088: 3073: 3040: 3008: 2998: 2980: 2959: 2942: 2905: 2866: 2851: 2832: 2817: 2802: 2786: 2784:, Moscow, 1903 2774: 2767: 2743: 2736: 2716: 2709: 2691: 2671: 2664: 2644: 2637: 2617: 2602: 2559: 2512: 2479: 2460: 2446: 2426: 2397: 2388: 2379: 2349: 2303: 2270: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2260: 2253:Northumberland 2235: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2228: 2227: 2222: 2215: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2192: 2189: 2028: 2025: 1999:Harriet Harman 1984:Christmas card 1931:" episodes of 1881:Catherine Tate 1806:Wilkie Collins 1797: 1794: 1762:Judas Iscariot 1749: 1746: 1693: 1690: 1668:Jonathan Swift 1622: 1619: 1614:Main article: 1611: 1608: 1596:Highland Scots 1543: 1540: 1528:Judas Iscariot 1521:Mary Magdalene 1412:Mary Magdalene 1404: 1401: 1392:, since 2004. 1320: 1317: 1202:Geri Halliwell 1156: 1153: 1132:1470–1475, by 1068: 1065: 1061: 1060: 1053: 1038: 1010: 1007: 919: 916: 860: 857: 855: 852: 803: 800: 769:Cavalli-Sforza 760: 757: 755: 752: 746: 743: 719: 716: 652: 649: 593:describes the 586: 583: 546: 543: 529:people were a 394: 391: 366: 363: 349: 346: 301:described the 277: 276: 268: 261: 260: 259: 258: 245: 244:Eastern Europe 242: 210:Celtic nations 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6776: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6751: 6749: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6715: 6713: 6709: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6692:Dye stripping 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6675: 6674:Hair coloring 6671: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6626: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6609: 6604: 6602: 6597: 6595: 6590: 6589: 6586: 6579: 6573: 6567: 6563: 6562: 6556: 6555: 6551: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6530: 6521: 6518: 6514: 6509: 6505: 6504: 6499: 6492: 6488: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6460: 6452: 6448: 6444: 6440: 6436: 6432: 6428: 6424: 6417: 6415: 6411: 6405: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6384: 6380: 6374: 6370: 6367:. Singapore: 6366: 6362: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6333: 6324: 6321: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6285: 6282: 6278: 6274: 6266: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6248: 6243: 6241: 6232: 6229: 6225: 6223: 6213: 6209: 6204: 6198: 6195: 6190: 6186: 6180: 6177: 6172: 6168: 6161: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6145: 6142: 6130: 6126: 6119: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6103: 6100: 6087: 6083: 6078: 6070: 6067: 6063: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6041:"Rufus River" 6036: 6033: 6025: 6021: 6014: 6008: 6005: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5978: 5975: 5962: 5958: 5952: 5949: 5937: 5930: 5927: 5914: 5910: 5906: 5899: 5896: 5884: 5880: 5873: 5870: 5866: 5861: 5858: 5845: 5841: 5835: 5832: 5828: 5823: 5820: 5816: 5811: 5808: 5795: 5791: 5785: 5782: 5770: 5763: 5760: 5748: 5744: 5738: 5735: 5723: 5716: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5701: 5698: 5685: 5681: 5675: 5672: 5667: 5663: 5656: 5653: 5649: 5644: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5628: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5611: 5608: 5604: 5598: 5595: 5582: 5581: 5573: 5570: 5566: 5561: 5558: 5544: 5540: 5538:0-19-280050-7 5534: 5530: 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4703: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4667: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4634: 4631: 4627: 4622: 4620: 4616: 4611: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4570: 4568: 4564: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4524: 4521: 4516: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4491:(2): 279–83. 4490: 4486: 4482: 4475: 4473: 4469: 4464: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4431: 4428: 4423: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4372: 4369: 4364: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4339:(2): 279–83. 4338: 4334: 4330: 4323: 4320: 4315: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4274: 4272: 4268: 4255: 4251: 4245: 4242: 4228: 4223: 4222: 4217: 4213: 4212:Sullivan, Amy 4207: 4204: 4199: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4174:(3): 509–14. 4173: 4169: 4165: 4158: 4155: 4149: 4146: 4140: 4137: 4132: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4107:(5): 739–51. 4106: 4102: 4098: 4091: 4088: 4083: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4040: 4037: 4033: 4032:HowStuffWorks 4029: 4024: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4003: 3998: 3995: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3955: 3952: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3929: 3926: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3907: 3904: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3885: 3881: 3880: 3872: 3869: 3864: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3821: 3818: 3813: 3809: 3802: 3799: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3737: 3734: 3729: 3723: 3720: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3692:(2): 125–28. 3691: 3687: 3686: 3678: 3675: 3663: 3659: 3653: 3650: 3645: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3614: 3609: 3602: 3600: 3596: 3591: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3558: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3513: 3507: 3503: 3502: 3494: 3491: 3478: 3474: 3473:"Ginger Jews" 3468: 3465: 3460: 3456: 3455: 3450: 3444: 3441: 3428: 3424: 3417: 3414: 3409: 3408: 3400: 3398: 3394: 3389: 3387:9781107434585 3383: 3379: 3378: 3370: 3367: 3363: 3362:0-8020-8508-3 3359: 3355: 3352: 3347: 3344: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3313: 3306: 3303: 3298: 3294: 3288: 3285: 3281: 3275: 3272: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3240: 3237: 3232: 3226: 3222: 3221: 3213: 3210: 3205: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3186: 3178: 3175: 3169: 3167:9780281079896 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3150: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3132: 3126: 3123: 3111: 3105: 3101: 3100: 3092: 3089: 3084: 3077: 3074: 3068: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3044: 3041: 3036: 3030: 3023: 3019: 3012: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2995: 2991: 2984: 2981: 2978:, 1965, p. 91 2977: 2973: 2969: 2963: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2946: 2943: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2909: 2906: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2870: 2867: 2863: 2858: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2839: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2824: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2809: 2807: 2803: 2800: 2796: 2790: 2787: 2783: 2778: 2775: 2770: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2755: 2747: 2744: 2739: 2737:9781603764032 2733: 2729: 2728: 2720: 2717: 2712: 2706: 2702: 2695: 2692: 2684: 2683: 2675: 2672: 2667: 2661: 2657: 2656: 2648: 2645: 2640: 2634: 2630: 2629: 2621: 2618: 2613: 2606: 2603: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2575:(4): 312–33. 2574: 2570: 2563: 2560: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2516: 2513: 2500: 2496: 2495:The Telegraph 2491: 2483: 2480: 2475: 2471: 2464: 2461: 2449: 2447:9780857900203 2443: 2439: 2438: 2430: 2427: 2415: 2414:Irish Central 2411: 2404: 2402: 2398: 2392: 2389: 2383: 2380: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2353: 2350: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2322:(3): 328–30. 2321: 2317: 2310: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2288: 2287: 2282: 2275: 2272: 2265: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2240: 2237: 2230: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2220: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2176: 2174:Âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ 2170: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2139: 2137: 2136: 2131: 2127: 2117: 2113: 2108: 2106: 2105: 2100: 2099: 2094: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2058: 2054: 2048: 2040: 2036: 2035: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2007: 2004: 2000: 1995: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1976: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1949: 1947: 1943: 1938: 1936: 1935: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1913: 1911: 1906: 1905:Mick Hucknall 1902: 1901:Leigh Francis 1898: 1897: 1892: 1888: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1873: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1834: 1830: 1825: 1821: 1818: 1814: 1809: 1807: 1803: 1795: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1737: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1714:According to 1712: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1663:temperament. 1662: 1658: 1654: 1651: 1646: 1644: 1640: 1639: 1634: 1630: 1629: 1620: 1617: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1588: 1583: 1579: 1578: 1573: 1569: 1568: 1563: 1562: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1522: 1517: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1494: 1485: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1470: 1468: 1462: 1455: 1450: 1446: 1445: 1439: 1437: 1434:, as well as 1433: 1429: 1428:ancient Egypt 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1402: 1400: 1398: 1393: 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717: 715: 713: 708: 706: 702: 696: 694: 690: 685: 681: 677: 673: 672:chromosome 16 669: 665: 660: 658: 650: 648: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 625: 623: 619: 618:Tarim mummies 615: 611: 606: 604: 600: 596: 592: 584: 582: 580: 576: 572: 565:and red hair. 564: 560: 556: 551: 544: 542: 540: 536: 532: 528: 523: 521: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 499:Kyrgyz people 496: 492: 491:Tarim mummies 488: 480: 479:Mustafa Amini 476: 472: 470: 466: 465:South Siberia 462: 458: 453: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 416: 413:region, with 412: 408: 404: 399: 392: 390: 388: 384: 380: 377:and northern 376: 372: 364: 362: 360: 356: 347: 345: 343: 339: 335: 330: 328: 324: 323:Udmurt people 320: 319:ethnographers 315: 313: 309: 304: 300: 296: 292: 284: 279: 272: 265: 254: 250: 243: 241: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 222:Great Britain 219: 217: 213: 211: 207: 206:British Isles 203: 199: 191: 186: 181: 179: 177: 172: 168: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 117: 115: 111: 110:chromosome 16 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 76: 71: 65:with red hair 64: 59: 51: 47: 43: 36: 34: 19: 6697:Highlighting 6653: 6560: 6532: 6520: 6511: 6508:the original 6501: 6490: 6462: 6458: 6426: 6422: 6414:Kōmō zatsuwa 6413: 6407: 6393: 6382: 6364: 6336: 6330: 6323: 6315:the original 6310: 6299:the original 6294: 6284: 6276: 6272: 6265: 6257: 6253: 6245: 6238: 6231: 6221: 6215: 6206: 6197: 6188: 6179: 6171:Daily Mirror 6170: 6160: 6152: 6144: 6132:. 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