729:
Emperor but to other kings and princes and those of whatever status; the right to establish pacts (ius constituendi foederae), of conducting war (bellum movendi), of constructing fortifications and walling forts (fortalitia extruendi et arces muniendi); without the need for permission they are able to call and hold assizesâŠ.they acknowledge no court but that of the
Emperor, even though they hold no fiefs of the Emperor; the privilege against new fiefs being erected, the right to arbitration (ius Austregarum) no less than other states of the Empire have, even if they hold certain mediate fiefs from another prince.â
1223:
1181:
173:
1092:
1119:
and thus were subordinate to the
Emperor directly. The personal members (Personalisten) were non-landed members â regularly admitted â who had not yet acquired estates under knightly jurisdiction. As a result, the Personalisten were not included in claims made for compensation. Consequently, the numbers of landed families were probably closer to 400, with the Personalisten adding another 100, bringing the total number of knightly families to around 500 at the time of the corporation's dissolution.
1191:
837:
1150:
749:
1107:), with a total population of 350,000â450,000 inhabitants. These figures, however, are drawn from claims for compensation made after the upheavals of the French Revolution, and are more accurate for their description of geographical extent than of the total membership in the order. There were at least 400 families possessing land and many more of knightly rank that did not possess land, the so-called
1171:
143:
36:
135:
1201:
2880:
1211:
2846:
721:(the right to establish an official Christian denomination in their territories). The knightly families had the right of house legislation, subject to the Emperor's approval, and so could control such things as the marriage of members and set the terms of the inheritance of family property. Imperial knights did not, however, have access to the Imperial Diet.
1128:
1243:
1160:
2868:
826:("General Correspondence Diet"), but the Circles and especially the Cantons became somewhat more important as their proximity meant that their interests were more closely aligned. Some immediate imperial fiefs, however, fell outside the structure of the Circles and their Cantons. The autonomous barony (
985:
Arising from the feudal connection between tenure of land and jurisdiction, the status of immediate subject was further distinct from that of a state of the Empire. There were many immediate territories that were not states of the Empire, and there could be states that were not immediate. Examples of
1118:
From early on, the membership of the corporation of
Imperial Knights controlled access to admission to its Circles and Cantons. There were two kinds of membership possible within the order: personal and landed. Landed members were families enrolled in a Circle and Canton who owned an immediate fief,
677:
suffered contraction due to the fluctuation in the price of agricultural foodstuffs. Ministeriales who were in a stronger economic position were better able to survive the weakening of their basis as landowners. The vast majority languished in poverty, resorting to selling lands to the Church, or to
614:
To protect their rights and avoid vassalage to more powerful nobles, they organized themselves into three unions (Partheien) in the late 15th century and into a single body in 1577, and fought to win recognition. This status, beholden only to the
Emperor himself rather than through a more powerful
981:
Whether or not an individual, an institution, or an area was directly subject to the
Emperor's authority defined the status of âimmediateâ and âmediateâ subject of the Empire (reichsunmittelbar, reichsmittelbar). The distinction was not restricted to noble subjects of the Emperor; for example, a
728:
Section XII: ââŠthey possess forestry rights (ius forestae)âŠthe right of hunting (ius venandi); the right to establish an archive (ius archivi, a right of sovereignty); the capacity to make laws (facultatem leges atque statuas condendi); to send ambassadors (ius mittendi legatos) not only to the
732:
Section XV: âthey enjoy the freedom of religion (pace religionis fruuntur) and therefore of establishing the
Protestant Religion in churches and schools not only in their own hereditary territories but also in those fiefs held from another stateâŠthey are able whenever they wish to abolish and
944:(Note: The semi-autonomous District Ortenau was affiliated with canton Neckar-Schwarzwald. District Ortenau served as the chief organizational connection to the empire for the Alsatian immediate nobility that had been absorbed by the French reunions of the seventeenth century.)
1076:
gave the great states unilateral powers and the
Imperial Knights' possessions, hitherto completely independent under the Emperor, formally became part of the territories of the higher rulers, by whose territory they were surrounded. They, for the most part, took the title of
1045:
Over time the title of
Imperial Knight became a title of nobility rather than occupation. Many Imperial Knights even as early as the 16th century are more famous for their scholarly, artistic, or diplomatic work than their military achievements. During the demise of the
685:
The minority of ministeriales rich enough to weather the crises soon came to be identified with the remnants of the free nobility, and were thus seen as constituting one noble order. By 1422, some of these nobles had achieved jurisdictional autonomy under the
Emperor
1029:, most Imperial Knights remained Catholic and their families made up a substantial fraction of noble Catholics in much of the Empire outside Austria and Bavaria. This eventually led to the Imperial Knights exerting significant influence in the selection of several
1111:. With these latter included, the total number of knightly families rises to perhaps as high as 500. The discrepancies in the numbers stem from the list of membership for the Lower Rhenish canton being incomplete and from the absence of
595:, and as such were the equals in most respects to the other individuals or entities, such as the secular and ecclesiastical territorial rulers of the Empire (margraves, dukes, princes, counts, archbishops, bishops, abbots, etc.) and the
724:
Concerning the rights of Free
Imperial Knights, Joseph Friederich von Ledersheim wrote in 1715 (De jure et privilegiis nobilium liberorum et immediatorum, Von des H. Röm. Reichs Freyen unmittelbahren Ritterschafft Discursus):
1017:
The Imperial Knights were called very often to war by the emperor and therefore won significant influence in the Military and the Administration of the Empire and also over the more powerful nobles. Every Canton had its own
803:, the right to collect taxes for the upkeep of the knightly order, even on estates that had been sold to non-knights. The knights also had the right to tax their subjects directly, and also possessed the feudal rights to the
535:
611:. They tended to define their responsibilities to the Empire in terms of feudalized obligations to the Emperor, including personal service and strictly voluntary financial offerings paid to the Emperor himself.
615:
noble, meant the Imperial Knights were "immediate subjects" (their fealty was unmediated by another lord). As such, the Imperial Knights exercised a limited form of sovereignty within their territories.
554:
528:
1099:
Exact numbers of Free Imperial Knights are difficult to assess. It is often stated that there were 350 knightly families in all three Circles, owning around 1,500 estates (around 200
626:
and the Middle Rhine areaâzones which were highly fragmented politically and where no powerful states were able to develop. In northern and northeastern Germany, as well as in
521:
2915:
1022:
or Captain and kept detailed records of noble families and properties. The Imperial Knights were exempt from imperial taxes and were not required to quarter troops.
634:, the local nobles, facing larger states and stronger rulers, were incapable of developing and maintaining their independence. They formed the territorial nobility.
1073:
2136:
1194:
736:
All matters relating to the Imperial Knights' legal status as immediate vassals of the Emperor (house laws, debt, etc.) were managed by the
1392:
1100:
1641:
690:â), and the corporation of free imperial knights was born. The other ministeriales that did not manage to receive the status of immediate
713:, the privileges of the Imperial Knights were confirmed. The knights paid their own tax (voluntary) to the Emperor, possessed limited
776:), whose members were elected for fixed terms. The director and councilors were knights themselves, but the daily activities of the
642:
608:
119:
2477:
998:), and some farms in Upper Swabia. The status of immediate subject of the Emperor could be held by an institution: the family of
53:
2905:
2850:
162:
100:
57:
2346:
72:
1215:
599:, that also enjoyed Imperial immediacy. However, unlike all of those, the Imperial knights did not possess the status of
79:
1174:
1009:
Mediate entities were subjects arranged under an intermediate jurisdiction between the entity itself and the Emperor.
717:(rights of legislation, taxation, civil jurisdiction, police, coin, tariff, hunt; certain forms of justice), and the
1180:
2858:
2782:
Die deutsche Reichsritterschaft in ihrer staatsrechlich-politischen Entwicklung von den AnfÀngen bis zum Jahre 1422
1415:
1222:
2900:
86:
591:. What distinguished them from other knights, who were vassals of a higher lord, was that they had been granted
2884:
1610:
2731:
Hillay Zmora, "The Formation of the Imperial Knighthood in Franconia: A Comparative European Perspective", in
1184:
702:(Barons). By 1577, the Imperial Knights achieved the status of a noble corporate body within the empire: the
2910:
1063:
756:
Lacking access to the Imperial Diet, in 1650 the immediate knights organized themselves into three circles (
68:
46:
172:
2646:
2360:
2320:
2004:
1251:
1231:
1227:
1026:
1003:
737:
2675:
799:, the right to buy back any land sold to a non-knight for the original price within three years, and the
1091:
1059:
1398:
982:
number of high officials in the imperial courts and the chancery were immediate, whether noble or not.
662:
The Free Imperial Knights arose in the 14th century, the fusion of the remnants of the old free lords (
1190:
2635:
2365:
631:
462:
836:
618:
The Imperial Knighthood was a regional phenomenon limited to southwestern and south-central Germanyâ
2040:
1734:
1153:
923:
710:
638:
138:
15 Knight-cantons (Ritterorten) are represented in this print of 1721, Johann Stephan Burgermeister
687:
645:, the parliament of lords, and were not considered Hochadel, the high nobility, belonging to the
596:
592:
578:
760:): the Franconian, Swabian, and Rhenish Circles. The Circles in turn were divided into cantons (
2789:
Nobles and Nation in Central Europe: Free Imperial Knights in the Age of Revolution, 1750â1850
1833:
1466:
1164:
1149:
1055:
1047:
1034:
748:
570:
509:
154:
2252:(Rhön-Werra: the lordships of Lauterbach, Stockhausen, Moos und Freienstein; mediatized 1803)
93:
2872:
2195:
1617:
1565:
1247:
962:
842:
Des heiligen Römischen Reichs ohnmittelbahr - Freyer Ritterschafft Der Sechs Ort in Francken
421:
285:
2824:
Geschichte der ehemaligen freien Reichsritterschaft in Schwaben, Franken und am Rheinstrome
2735:, Edited by R. J. W. Evans, Michael Schaich, and Peter H. Wilson, Oxford, 2011, p. 283â284.
764:), each of which exercised a high degree of autonomy. Each canton possessed a directorate (
2794:
H. MĂŒller: Der letzte Kampf der Reichsritterschaft um ihre SelbststĂ€ndigkeit (1751â1815),
999:
819:) and high judicial fines rendered them an anachronism in the eyes of imperial reformers.
695:
607:) of the Empire, and therefore were not represented, individually or collectively, in the
187:
1104:
811:
600:
562:
338:
312:
273:
2480:(Baunach: possessions of the Princes and Counts of TruchseĂ-Waldburg; mediatized 1803)
2894:
2270:
1689:
1204:
1131:
1030:
667:
588:
504:
240:
235:
230:
733:
introduce either religion if they hold the position of vogt over the possessions.â
2812:, Bauer & Raspe: Die Siebmacher'schen WappenbĂŒcher, Neustadt an der Aisch 2003
2414:
1362:
870:
333:
297:
245:
220:
215:
2815:
Kurt Freiherr RĂŒdt von Collenberg: Die reichsunmittelbare freie Ritterschaft, in:
1210:
833:
By the late eighteenth century, the organization of the circles was as following:
1556:
Erthal (Rhön-Werra, Baunach, Middle Rhine, Upper Rhine, Kocher, District Ortenau)
2561:
1255:
1235:
1170:
1143:
1135:
1068:
995:
937:
887:
714:
142:
35:
2575:
Wallmoden-Gimborn (Middle Rhine: lordship of Gimborn-Neustadt; mediatized 1803)
134:
1496:
Degenfeld (Rhön-Werra, Odenwald, Middle Rhine, Upper Rhine, Kocher, Kraichgau)
1037:, giving them some influence in the Imperial Diet and the College of Princes.
916:
856:
699:
679:
674:
252:
2373:
1139:
987:
930:
880:
623:
499:
395:
390:
380:
364:
199:
17:
2355:
1293:
1200:
805:
2845:
1776:
Hatzfeld (Odenwald, Middle Rhine: lordship of Wildenberg; mediatized 1803)
2691:
2249:
1968:
Leonrodt (Neckar-Schwarzwald) (Two separate families with the same name.)
1079:
991:
863:
663:
646:
583:
574:
483:
426:
405:
385:
375:
328:
323:
280:
257:
1680:
Gemmingen (Odenwald, Upper Rhine, Neckar-Schwarzwald, Kocher, Kraichgau)
1127:
1051:
969:
909:
894:
876:
627:
494:
457:
452:
343:
182:
2711:
Reich and Nation: the Holy Roman Empire as Idea and Reality, 1763-1806
2411:
Stadion (Steigerwald, Danube: lordship of Warthausen; mediatized 1803)
1134:, who was made an Imperial Knight, was known for his contributions to
1635:
691:
619:
473:
447:
431:
400:
302:
268:
2043:(Middle Rhine, Upper Rhine: county of Ochsenhausen; mediatized 1803)
1242:
1713:
Greiffenclau (Odenwald, Baunach, Middle Rhine, Upper Rhine, Kocher)
637:
The immediate status of the Imperial Knights was recognized at the
1241:
1221:
1209:
1199:
1189:
1179:
1169:
1159:
1158:
1148:
1126:
1090:
955:
835:
747:
436:
416:
354:
791:
The Knights as a group were governed by the General Directorate (
1547:
822:
From 1577 on, the Imperial Knights met in a congress called the
359:
307:
292:
210:
194:
2810:
Mainfranken: Zu Wappen und Geschichte frÀnkischer Adelsfamilien
29:
1623:
Freyberg (Danube, District Hegau, Neckar-Schwarzwald, Kocher)
2605:
Wendt (Middle Rhine:lordship of Hardenberg; mediatized 1803)
1761:
Hahnsberg (Middle Rhine: lordship of Bruck; mediatized 1803)
1218:, and leader of the Counter Reformation, Painting from 1586
830:) of Haldenstein (in modern-day Switzerland) is an example.
2115:
Ostein (Middle Rhine: lordship of Buxheim; mediatized 1803)
2833:
III 38 (1789) D2; Heimatchronik des Kreises Einbeck, 1955.
2751:(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1966), 617â18.
1613:(Steigerwald, Middle Rhine, Upper Rhine, District Ortenau)
1412:
Boyneburg-Bömelberg (lordship of Gemen; mediatized 1803)
815:. The knights' reputation for heavy taxes (the maligned
581:. They were the remnants of the medieval free nobility (
2856:
1323:
Bechtolsheim (Steigerwald, Middle Rhine, Upper Rhine)
2183:
Quadt (Upper Rhine: county of Isny; mediatized 1803)
1050:
in 1803, the Knights' estates, which were generally
1365:(Rhön-Werra, Steigerwald, Baunach, AltmĂŒhl, GebĂŒrg)
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2349:(Gebirg: lordship of Wiesentheid; mediatized 1803)
1430:Breidenbach-BĂŒrresheim (Middle Rhine, Upper Rhine)
1773:Harling (Upper Rhine, Neckar-Schwarzwald, Kocher)
694:of the Emperor were gradually transformed into a
1857:Ingelheim (Odenwald, Middle Rhine, Upper Rhine)
2474:Törring-Seefeld (Danube: county of Guttenzell)
146:Engraving depicting the Imperial Knights, 1710
2803:Handwörterbuch zur deutschen Rechtsgeschichte
1083:and submitted themselves to their new lords.
986:tiny immediate territories include villages (
529:
8:
1493:Dalberg (Baunach, Middle Rhine, Upper Rhine)
1374:Bock (Upper Rhine, District Ortenau, Kocher)
1246:Detail of tomb of Prince-Bishop of WĂŒrzburg
1226:Detail of tomb of Prince-Bishop of WĂŒrzburg
772:), who was elected for life, and a council (
2453:Targin, Targino, Targini (Alsace, Lombardy)
1737:(Rhön-Werra, Gebirg, Baunach, Middle Rhine)
1478:Crailsheim (Odenwald, Steigerwald, AltmĂŒhl)
2713:, Indiana University Press, 1980, p. 12-13
1538:Egloffstein (Gebirg, Steigerwald, AltmĂŒhl)
666:) and the stronger elements of the unfree
536:
522:
149:
2743:
2741:
1800:Heuslin v. Eusenheim (Rhön-Werra, Gebirg)
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2916:Nobles of the Holy Roman Empire by title
1409:Botzheim (Upper Rhine, District Ortenau)
1074:Treaty of the Confederation of the Rhine
141:
133:
2863:
2702:
1938:KĂŒnsberg (Gebirg, Baunach, Steigerwald)
1911:Knebel (Middle Rhine, District Ortenau)
1782:Heddersdorf (Middle Rhine, Upper Rhine)
1436:Bubenhofen (Neckar-Schwarzwald, Kocher)
1427:Breidenbach-Breidenstein (Middle Rhine)
1006:as an immediate fief from the Emperor.
161:
1914:Kniestedt (Neckar-Schwarzwald, Kocher)
1821:Horneck (Gebirg, Baunach, Upper Rhine)
1728:GĂŒltingen (Neckar-Schwarzwald, Kocher)
1953:Langwerth (Middle Rhine, Upper Rhine)
1707:Göllnitz (Neckar-Schwarzwald, Kocher)
1665:Gaisberg (Neckar-Schwarzwald, Kocher)
1517:DĂŒrckheim (AltmĂŒhl, District Ortenau)
1195:Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim
7:
2417:(GebĂŒrg, Rhön-Werra and Steigerwald)
1806:Hoheneck (Middle Rhine, Upper Rhine)
1758:Hahn (Middle Rhine; mediatized 1803)
165:gentry and chivalric ranks in Europe
58:adding citations to reliable sources
27:Free nobles of the Holy Roman Empire
2808:Anton P. Rahrbach: Reichsritter in
1830:Hundbiss (District AllgÀu-Bodensee)
1095:Estates of Imperial Knights (Fulda)
780:were carried out by legal experts (
752:Estates of Imperial Knights (Mainz)
2801:V. Press: Reichsritterschaft, in:
2749:The Genesis of German Conservatism
1824:Hornstein (Danube, District Hegau)
641:. They never gained access to the
25:
2798:, 77. Berlin: Emil Eberling, 1910
1983:Leyen (Middle Rhine, Upper Rhine)
1818:Horben (District AllgÀu-Bodensee)
1779:Haxhausen (Odenwald, Upper Rhine)
1472:Chalon gen. Gehlen (Middle Rhine)
1123:Partial list of knightly families
1115:from the claims of compensation.
2878:
2866:
2844:
2733:The Holy Roman Empire, 1495â1806
1959:Lehrbach (Odenwald, Upper Rhine)
1710:Görtz (Rhön-Werra, Middle Rhine)
1175:Johannes Hanisch von Greifenthal
313:Prince-elector, Princess-elector
171:
34:
1797:Hettersdorf (Odenwald, Baunach)
1671:Gedult-Jungenfeld (Upper Rhine)
1632:Fuchs von Bimbach (Steigerwald)
1421:Brandenstein (District Ortenau)
1344:Berlichingen (Odenwald, Kocher)
45:needs additional citations for
2432:Stubenberg (all three circles)
2299:Salis-Haldenstein (Graubunden)
1851:Ifflinger (Neckar-Schwarzwald)
1848:Ichtrazheim (District Ortenau)
1368:Bissingen (Neckar-Schwarzwald)
1:
2831:GroĂer Historischer Weltatlas
1965:Leonrodt (Neckar-Schwarzwald)
1604:Forstner (Neckar-Schwarzwald)
1216:Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn
915:Hegau-AllgÀu-Bodensee (seat:
2775:German Knighthood, 1050â1300
1995:Lochner (Rhön-Werra, Gebirg)
1989:Liebenstein (Danube, Kocher)
1974:Leutrum (Neckar-Schwarzwald)
1854:Imhof (Baunach, Upper Rhine)
1338:Berckheim (District Ortenau)
977:Immediate and mediate status
298:Crown prince, Crown princess
1986:Liebenfels (District Hegau)
1896:Keller (Neckar-Schwarzwald)
1644:(Middle Rhine, Upper Rhine)
1601:Forstmeister (Middle Rhine)
1598:Forster (Odenwald, AltmĂŒhl)
1568:(Odenwald, AltmĂŒhl, Danube)
1550:(Middle Rhine, Upper Rhine)
1395:(Middle Rhine, Upper Rhine)
1290:Attems (Neckar-Schwarzwald)
1214:Prince-Bishop of WĂŒrzburg,
1054:, were seized by the great
840:The Franconian Circle from
670:that had won noble status.
2932:
1905:Kesselstatt (Middle Rhine)
1836:(Rhön-Werra, Middle Rhine)
1815:Holtzschuher (Steigerwald)
1677:Geispitzheim (Upper Rhine)
1662:Gailing (District Ortenau)
1514:Dungern (District Ortenau)
1377:Bocklin (District Ortenau)
1335:Benzel (Neckar-Shwarzwald)
1329:Bellersheim (Middle Rhine)
936:Neckar-Schwarzwald (seat:
569:) were free nobles of the
1770:Hanisch (von Greifenthal)
1544:Ellrichshausen (Odenwald)
1481:Cronenberg (Middle Rhine)
1475:Coudenhove (Middle Rhine)
1442:Bulach (District Ortenau)
1380:Bodeck (District Ortenau)
1314:Bassenheim (Middle Rhine)
788:) staffed by non-nobles.
253:Grand duke, Grand duchess
2822:Roth v. Schreckenstein:
2162:Preuschen (Middle Rhine)
1899:Kellerbach (Upper Rhine)
1812:Holtz (Odenwald, Kocher)
1809:Hohenfeld (Middle Rhine)
1686:Geuder (GebĂŒrg, AltmĂŒhl)
1683:Gerstorff (Middle Rhine)
1611:Franckenstein (house of)
1553:Enzberg (District Hegau)
1535:Egkh (Neckar-Shwarzwald)
1532:Edelsheim (Middle Rhine)
1499:Deuring (District Hegau)
1383:Bodmann (District Hegau)
1371:Bobenhausen (Rhön-Werra)
1287:Assenburg (Middle Rhine)
2826:1â2, TĂŒbingen 1859â1871
2478:TruchseĂ von Wetzhausen
2317:Schenk von Schweinsberg
1971:Leuchselring (Augsburg)
1908:Kieningen (Upper Rhine)
1731:GĂŒnerode (Middle Rhine)
1659:Gail (District Ortenau)
1586:Fahnenberg (Rhön-Werra)
1511:Drachsdorf (Rhön-Werra)
1445:Burscheid (Upper Rhine)
1386:Boinenburg (Rhön-Werra)
824:Generalkorrespondenztag
163:Imperial, royal, noble,
2906:1806 disestablishments
2632:Winkler von Mohrenfels
2581:Warsberg (Lower Rhine)
1992:Lichtenstern (Baunach)
1962:Lentnersheim (AltmĂŒhl)
1893:Karg (Gebirg, Baunach)
1887:Kalbsried (Rhön-Werra)
1764:Hallberg (Upper Rhine)
1749:Habermann (Rhön-Werra)
1719:GroĂ (Gebirg, Baunach)
1668:Gebsattel (Rhön-Werra)
1595:Feiguier (Upper Rhine)
1589:Falkenhausen (AltmĂŒhl)
1529:Ebersberg (Rhön-Werra)
1508:Dienheim (Upper Rhine)
1451:Buttlar (Middle Rhine)
1259:
1252:Tilman Riemenschneider
1239:
1238:Cathedral (1496â1499).
1232:Tilman Riemenschneider
1228:Rudolf von Scherenberg
1219:
1207:
1197:
1187:
1177:
1167:
1156:
1146:
1096:
1087:Numbers and membership
1027:Protestant Reformation
845:
795:). This exercised the
768:), led by a director (
753:
738:Imperial Aulic Council
566:
559:
500:Gentleman, Gentlewoman
147:
139:
2851:Free Imperial knights
2031:Marschall von Ostheim
1788:Helmstatt (Kraichgau)
1725:Gudenus (Upper Rhine)
1701:Gleichen (Rhön-Werra)
1674:Geismar (Upper Rhine)
1592:Fechenbach (Odenwald)
1454:Buwinghausen (Kocher)
1448:Buseck (Middle Rhine)
1439:Buchenau (Rhön-Werra)
1326:Beckers (Upper Rhine)
1317:Bastheim (Rhön-Werra)
1245:
1225:
1213:
1203:
1193:
1185:Götz von Berlichingen
1183:
1173:
1162:
1152:
1130:
1094:
839:
751:
550:Free Imperial Knights
376:Viscount, Viscountess
324:Marquess, Marchioness
258:Archduke, Archduchess
200:High king, High queen
145:
137:
2853:at Wikimedia Commons
2817:Deutsches Adelsblatt
2555:Waldenburg-Schenkern
1923:Kofler (Upper Rhine)
1902:Kerpen (Upper Rhine)
1827:Hoyen (Middle Rhine)
1656:Gagern (Upper Rhine)
1571:Eyben (Middle Rhine)
1559:Esbeck (Upper Rhine)
1502:Diede (Middle Rhine)
1308:Bartenstein (Kocher)
1278:Altenstein (Baunach)
1272:Adelsheim (Odenwald)
1105:English square miles
961:Middle Rhine (seat:
698:of free status: the
632:Archduchy of Austria
597:free imperial cities
386:Burgrave, Burgravine
329:Margrave, Margravine
54:improve this article
2796:Historische Studien
2787:William D. Godsey:
2760:Godsey (2004), p. 8
2275:Roth-Schreckenstein
1920:Koeth (Upper Rhine)
1917:Knöringen (AltmĂŒhl)
1872:Jakob (Upper Rhine)
1755:Hagen (Upper Rhine)
1752:Hacke (Upper Rhine)
1716:Grosclag (Odenwald)
1607:Frais (Upper Rhine)
1562:Esch (Middle Rhine)
1505:Diemar (Rhön-Werra)
1311:Baumgarten (Sweden)
1154:Franz von Sickingen
1101:German square miles
968:Lower Rhine (seat:
954:Upper Rhine (seat:
862:Steigerwald (seat:
711:Peace of Westphalia
639:Peace of Westphalia
453:Baronet, Baronetess
2805:, Berlin 1961â1998
2791:. Cambridge, 2004.
2709:Gagliardo, J. G.,
2654:WĂŒrtzburg (GebĂŒrg)
2085:Nordeck zu Rabenau
2022:Malapert-Neufville
2001:Löw (Middle Rhine)
1998:Loë (Middle Rhine)
1869:Jett (Upper Rhine)
1785:Hees (Upper Rhine)
1704:Goeler (Kraichgau)
1695:Geyso (Rhön-Werra)
1574:Eys (Middle Rhine)
1433:Brockdorf (GebĂŒrg)
1403:Borié (Rhön-Werra)
1389:Bokdorf (Braunach)
1332:Bemelberg (Danube)
1275:Aichinger (GebĂŒrg)
1260:
1240:
1220:
1208:
1198:
1188:
1178:
1168:
1157:
1147:
1097:
1056:territorial states
1035:prince-archbishops
1013:Role in the Empire
886:Rhön-Werra (seat:
846:
793:Generaldirektorium
784:) and committees (
754:
593:Imperial immediacy
148:
140:
2885:Holy Roman Empire
2849:Media related to
2534:Voit von Salzburg
1926:Kolowrat (Danube)
1884:Kageneck (Danube)
1794:Hessberg (Gebirg)
1541:Eichler (AltmĂŒhl)
1269:Adelmann (Kocher)
1165:Ulrich von Hutten
1103:, or about 4,400
1066:in the so-called
1048:Holy Roman Empire
929:Kraichgau (seat:
849:Franconian Circle
673:Around 1300, the
571:Holy Roman Empire
546:
545:
510:Lord of the Manor
474:Knight, Chevalier
130:
129:
122:
104:
69:"Imperial Knight"
16:(Redirected from
2923:
2901:Imperial Knights
2883:
2882:
2881:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2862:
2848:
2761:
2758:
2752:
2745:
2736:
2729:
2723:
2722:Gagliardo, p. 13
2720:
2714:
2707:
2531:Voit von Rieneck
2196:Raitz von Frentz
1767:Haller (AltmĂŒhl)
1638:(Danube, Kocher)
1248:Lorenz von Bibra
950:(three cantons)
873:near Emskirchen)
855:Odenwald (seat:
675:manorial economy
557:
538:
531:
524:
183:Emperor, Empress
175:
150:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
2931:
2930:
2926:
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2921:
2920:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2867:
2865:
2857:
2841:
2836:
2769:
2767:Further reading
2764:
2759:
2755:
2747:Klaus Epstein,
2746:
2739:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2688:
2683:
2662:
2657:
2551:
2546:
2525:Vogt-hunolstein
2494:
2489:
2446:
2441:
2289:
2284:
2191:
2186:
2179:
2174:
2129:
2124:
2096:
2091:
2069:
2064:
2015:
2010:
1980:Leyder (Danube)
1977:Leyden (Kocher)
1956:Lasser (Danube)
1946:
1941:
1932:Kress (AltmĂŒhl)
1929:Koniz (Baunach)
1880:
1875:
1865:
1860:
1844:
1839:
1745:
1740:
1652:
1647:
1629:Fuchs (Baunach)
1626:Fries (AltmĂŒhl)
1582:
1577:
1525:
1520:
1489:
1484:
1462:
1457:
1424:Brandi (Gebirg)
1341:Berga (AltmĂŒhl)
1320:Bauz (Odenwald)
1304:
1299:
1265:
1163:The Protestant
1125:
1089:
1072:. In 1806, the
1043:
1020:Ritterhauptmann
1015:
1000:Thurn und Taxis
979:
904:(five cantons)
869:AltmĂŒhl (seat:
859:near Heilbronn)
801:jus collectandi
770:Ritterhauptmann
746:
704:corpus equestre
696:titled nobility
660:
655:
573:, whose direct
553:
542:
479:Imperial Knight
417:Baron, Baroness
355:Count, Countess
164:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2929:
2927:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2911:German knights
2908:
2903:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2875:
2855:
2854:
2840:
2839:External links
2837:
2835:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2784:, Dresden 1912
2778:
2777:, Oxford, 1985
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1803:Hofen (Kocher)
1801:
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1653:
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1648:
1646:
1645:
1639:
1633:
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1624:
1621:
1620:(Middle Rhine)
1614:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1575:
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1569:
1563:
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1533:
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1506:
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1479:
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1470:
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1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1354:
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1342:
1339:
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1333:
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1315:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1284:Arnim (GebĂŒrg)
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1124:
1121:
1088:
1085:
1042:
1039:
1031:prince-bishops
1014:
1011:
978:
975:
974:
973:
966:
959:
948:Rhenish Circle
942:
941:
934:
927:
922:Kocher (seat:
920:
913:
908:Danube (seat:
902:Swabian Circle
899:
898:
893:GebĂŒrg (seat:
891:
884:
874:
867:
860:
851:(six cantons)
828:Freiherrschaft
745:
742:
719:ius reformandi
659:
656:
654:
651:
647:Lower Nobility
544:
543:
541:
540:
533:
526:
518:
515:
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513:
512:
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497:
489:
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347:
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341:
339:Count palatine
336:
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310:
305:
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295:
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288:
278:
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233:
225:
224:
223:
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205:
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197:
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177:
176:
168:
167:
159:
158:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2928:
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2898:
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2828:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2780:O. Eberbach:
2779:
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2352:Schrottenberg
2351:
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2333:
2330:
2327:
2325:Schergenstein
2324:
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2307:
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2296:Saint-Vincent
2295:
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2239:
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2212:
2209:
2207:Rathsamhausen
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2164:
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2024:
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2018:
2017:
2012:
2006:
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1994:
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1988:
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1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
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1961:
1958:
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1952:
1950:Lang (Kocher)
1949:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1934:
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1791:Hess (Kocher)
1790:
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1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1491:
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1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1469:(Steigerwald)
1468:
1465:
1464:
1459:
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1432:
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1367:
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1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1347:Bern (Kocher)
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
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1233:
1229:
1224:
1217:
1212:
1206:
1205:Florian Geyer
1202:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1161:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1132:Peter Apianus
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
18:Reichsritter
2819:1925, 106ff
2773:B. Arnold:
2590:Weitersheim
2562:Walderdorff
2537:Von Beetzen
2522:Vittinghoff
2459:Thannhausen
2321:Scherenberg
2293:Saint-André
2281:Rumerskirch
2231:Reigersberg
2019:Maiershofen
1642:FĂŒrstenberg
1618:(Raitz von)
1353:Beroldingen
1144:cartography
1136:mathematics
1069:Rittersturm
1064:WĂŒrttemberg
996:Schweinfurt
888:Schweinfurt
782:Konsulenten
778:Direktorium
766:Direktorium
715:sovereignty
2895:Categories
2829:L. Wolff:
2698:References
2680:Zyllnhardt
2620:Wiesenthau
2614:Westphalen
2611:Westernach
2599:Welschberg
2558:Waldenfels
2513:VarnbĂŒhler
2501:Uiberbruck
2435:Sturmfeder
2429:Stolzingen
2423:Steinhorst
2366:Seckendorf
2340:Schmidburg
2308:Schaumberg
2305:Schaunberg
2210:Ratzenried
2144:Paumgarten
2137:Pappenheim
2103:Oberndorff
2079:Neuenstein
2076:Nesselrode
2041:Metternich
2037:Mayerhofen
2034:Massenbach
2007:(Odenwald)
2005:Löwenstein
1735:Guttenberg
1692:(Odenwald)
1359:Bettendorf
1350:Bernhausen
1258:Cathedral.
1025:After the
917:Radolfzell
857:Kochendorf
786:AusschĂŒsse
774:RitterrÀte
700:Freiherren
680:brigandage
587:) and the
484:Druzhinnik
80:newspapers
2873:Biography
2643:Wollzogen
2640:Wöllwarth
2636:Wolfskehl
2626:Wildungen
2572:Wallbrunn
2566:Waldkirch
2516:Venningen
2462:Thrumbach
2405:Speshardt
2384:Sickingen
2374:Seinsheim
2347:Schönborn
2331:Schilling
2271:Rotenhahn
2267:Rosenbach
2234:Reischach
2159:Prettlack
2118:Osterberg
2112:Olnhausen
2106:Oelhaften
2100:Oberkirch
2088:Neufforge
1616:Fren(t)z
1416:Brambilla
1406:Börstling
1140:astronomy
1002:held the
988:Gochsheim
963:Friedberg
931:Heilbronn
924:Esslingen
881:Nuremberg
688:immediacy
624:Franconia
555:âčSee Tfdâș
396:Advocatus
391:Landgrave
381:Castellan
365:Ealdorman
110:July 2013
2692:Freiherr
2686:See also
2623:Wildberg
2540:von Vatz
2510:Umgelter
2486:TĂŒrkheim
2450:TĂ€tessin
2370:Seefried
2328:Schertel
2255:Riedheim
2250:Riedesel
2246:Riaucour
2228:Reichlin
2216:Rechberg
2171:Pruglach
2165:Preysing
2156:Pöllnitz
2109:Oetinger
2073:Neipperg
2049:Molsberg
2025:Mansbach
1356:Berstett
1296:(GebĂŒrg)
1256:WĂŒrzburg
1236:WĂŒrzburg
1080:Freiherr
1052:enclaves
992:Sennfeld
938:TĂŒbingen
864:Erlangen
809:and the
664:Edelfrei
630:and the
584:edelfrei
577:was the
575:overlord
558:German:
427:Lendmann
406:Starosta
281:Princess
155:a series
153:Part of
2859:Portals
2672:Zöllner
2651:Wurmser
2629:Winkler
2596:Welling
2584:Weihmar
2578:Wambolt
2569:Waldner
2543:Vorster
2519:Vieregg
2468:Thungen
2426:Stetten
2393:Sohlern
2343:Schmitz
2311:Scheldt
2240:Reutner
2225:Reibeld
2222:Rehling
2219:Redwitz
2204:Rassler
2201:Raknitz
2150:Pfetten
2141:Pappius
2061:MĂŒnster
2052:Mozzian
2046:Migazzi
2028:Marioth
1890:Kamauff
1467:Castell
1060:Bavaria
1041:Decline
970:Koblenz
910:Ehingen
895:Bamberg
879:(seat:
877:Baunach
709:In the
692:vassals
658:Origins
653:History
628:Bavaria
601:Estates
579:Emperor
495:Esquire
458:Fidalgo
344:Voivode
286:consort
274:consort
241:dowager
236:consort
231:regnant
221:dowager
216:consort
188:dowager
94:scholar
2617:Wetzel
2602:Welser
2593:Welden
2587:Weiler
2504:Ullmer
2498:ĂxkĂŒll
2483:Tucher
2438:Syberg
2402:Specht
2390:Sodden
2381:Serpes
2378:Senfft
2356:SchĂŒtz
2337:Schlus
2334:Schler
2314:Schenk
2302:Schall
2264:Roeder
2261:Ritter
2147:Pergen
2055:MĂŒller
1834:Hutten
1636:Fugger
1418:(Wien)
1399:Bonnot
1294:AufseĂ
1142:, and
844:, 1720
812:bannum
806:corvée
620:Swabia
605:StÀnde
463:Nobile
448:Ritter
432:Primor
401:Vidame
303:Herzog
269:Prince
246:mother
227:Queen
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2669:Zobel
2647:Wrede
2471:Thurn
2465:Thumb
2420:Stein
2408:Speth
2399:Spaur
2396:Sparr
2387:Siles
2243:Rhode
2082:Neveu
2058:MĂŒnch
1935:Krohn
1722:Grupe
1690:Geyer
1363:Bibra
1281:Apian
1058:like
994:near
956:Mainz
563:Latin
437:Boyar
422:Thane
101:JSTOR
87:books
2676:Zorn
2666:Zech
2608:Wenz
2528:Voit
2456:Than
2278:RĂŒdt
2258:Riez
2168:Prör
2133:Palm
1548:Eltz
1062:and
1033:and
990:and
548:The
360:Earl
308:Jarl
211:King
73:news
2507:Ulm
2213:Rau
1566:Eyb
1254:in
1250:by
1234:in
1230:by
649:.
56:by
2897::
2740:^
2121:Ow
1138:,
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686:(â
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157:on
2861::
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2189:R
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2127:P
2094:O
2067:N
2013:M
1944:L
1878:K
1863:J
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1523:E
1487:D
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