1229:. On 19 August 1239, the relics arrived in Paris. Wearing a simple tunic and with bare feet, the King placed the Crown of Thorns and other relics in the palace chapel in a structure he commissioned. During the French revolution, the relics were stored in the National Library. After the Concordat in 1801, the relics were given to the archbishop of Paris who placed them in the Cathedral treasury on 10 August 1806. Since then, these relics have been conserved by the canons of the Metropolitan Basilica Chapter, who are in charge of venerations, and guarded by the Knights of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem. Napoleon I and Napoleon III each offered reliquaries for the crown of thorns. They were on display at Notre-Dame Cathedral during scheduled religious ceremonies, until a serious fire struck the cathedral on 15 April 2019.
581:
1172:
983:
959:
739:
3399:
774:
971:
1238:
451:
32:
463:
822:
1004:
1433:; tears shed by Christ when mourning Lazarus; the blood of Christ shed during the crucifixion; a milk tooth that fell out of the mouth of Jesus at the age of 9; beard hair, head hair, Christ's nails. A section of the Holy Umbilical Cord believed to remain from the birth of Christ is currently in the
1278:
Very little reliance can be placed upon the authenticity of the thirty or more holy nails which are still venerated, or which have been venerated until recent times, in such treasuries as that of Santa Croce in Rome, or those of Venice, Aachen, Escurial, Nuremberg, Prague, etc. Probably the majority
1214:
The accounts of pilgrims to
Jerusalem report the Crown of Thorns. In 409, Paulinus of Nola states the Crown was kept in the basilica on Mount Zion in Jerusalem. In 570, Anthony the Martyr reports the Crown of Thorns in the Basilica of Zion. Around 575, Cassiodorus wrote, "Jerusalem has the Column,
1210:
tells that, in the night between Maundy
Thursday and Good Friday, Roman soldiers mocked Jesus by placing a thorny crown on his head (John 19:12). The crown is a circle of cane bundled together and held by gold threads. The thorns were attached to this braided circle, which measured 21 cm
812:
The
Sudarium is soiled and crumpled, with dark flecks that are symmetrically arranged but do not form an image as with the Shroud of Turin. Proponents for the relic's authenticity, such as Vatican archivist Msgr Giulio Ricci, contend that both cloths covered the same man.
708:; icons not made by hand) images reported to be of the face or body of Jesus impressed on cloth have been displayed. In many cases these images are subject to intense debate and speculation. Although devotions to the face of Jesus are practiced, the term "
659:
in Rome. Other small pieces of the True Cross are reportedly preserved in hundreds of other
European churches. The authenticity of the relics and the accuracy of reports of finding the True Cross is not accepted by all Christians. The belief in the
3479:
877:
in Rome since the 14th century is purported to be the Veil of
Veronica revered in the Middle Ages. The most detailed recorded inspection in the 20th century occurred in 1907 when Jesuit art historian Joseph Wilpert inspected the image.
865:, used to wipe the sweat from Jesus' brow as he carried the cross, is claimed to bear the likeness of the face of Christ. Today, several relics are claimed to be the Veil of Veronica, with several age-old copies also being venerated.
1670:
Damon, P. E.; Donahue, D. J.; Gore, B. H.; Hatheway, A. L.; Jull, A. J. T.; Linick, T. W.; Sercel, P. J.; Toolin, L. J.; Bronk, C. R.; Hall, E. T.; Hedges, R. E. M.; Housley, R.; Law, I. A.; Perry, C.; Bonani, G.;
1215:
here, there is the Crown of Thorns!" Between the 7th and the 10th centuries, the Crown of Thorns was moved to the
Byzantine emperors' chapel in Constantinople for safekeeping. In 1238, the Latin Emperor
600:. Today, many fragments of wood are claimed as True Cross relics, but it is hard to establish their authenticity. The story of the fourth-century discovery of the True Cross was reported in
982:
2155:
1360:
in
Jerusalem. Inside the church the crucifixion site consists of a pile of rock about 7 metres (23 ft) long by 3 metres (9.8 ft) wide by 4.8 metres (16 ft).
1149:) is recognized as a "historical relic" by the Vatican, although not as the actual chalice used at the Last Supper. Though not claiming the relic's authenticity, both
668:. The medieval legends of the True Cross provenance differ between Catholic and Eastern Orthodox tradition. These churches honour Helena as a saint, as does also the
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58:
2225:
1890:
2979:
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240:
233:
78:
580:
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1964:(in Croatian), Zavod za hrvatsku povijest Filozofskog fakulteta Zagreb - Institute of Croatian history, Faculty of Philosophy Zagreb, p. 78
2655:
195:
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2139:
3681:
3032:
2469:
2449:
2425:
2394:
2369:
2342:
2312:
2285:
1986:
564:, there are few bodily relics apart from those described as being removed or expelled from Christ's body prior to his ascension, such as the
306:
1556:"NPNF2-01. Eusebius Pamphilius: Church History, Life of Constantine, Oration in Praise of Constantine - Christian Classics Ethereal Library"
3012:
2756:
1036:
301:
1518:
1643:"The Shroud of Turin is the single, most studied artifact in human history" statement considered as "widely accepted" in Lloyd A Currie,
518:
wrote about the proliferation of relics, and the number of buildings that could be constructed from wooden relics claimed to be from the
1078:
3337:
2580:
1935:
1456:
1106:. According to French traveler Jules-LĂ©onard Belin the knife used by Jesus to slice bread was permanently exhibited in the Logetta of
790:
2599:
2110:
1733:
1648:
1591:
1542:
1421:
are those obtained prior to the
Ascension. At various points in history, a number of churches in Europe have claimed to possess the
210:
1171:
3521:
1864:
1434:
1211:(8.3 in) in diameter. The seventy thorns were reportedly divided up between the Byzantine emperors and the Kings of France.
3213:
3171:
3112:
1028:
1024:
958:
493:
346:
2241:
Les reliques et les images légendaires. — Paris: Mercure de France, 1912. — / Les reliques corporelles du Christ / P. 107—184.
1279:
began by professing to be facsimiles which had touched or contained filings from some other nail whose claim was more ancient.
3458:
3184:
3007:
2848:
936:
313:
289:
1035:(642-649). In 2019, a fragment of the crib was removed from the Holy Crib reliquary and placed on permanent display at the
3428:
3273:
2890:
2751:
2081:
1226:
625:. But Eusebius did not mention the True Cross, although he dwelt on the piety of Helena and her reporting the site of the
1206:
include a piece of the True Cross from Rome as delivered by Helena, along with a Holy Nail and the Crown of Thorns. The
3379:
2680:
2417:
1357:
1216:
510:
have been displayed throughout the history of
Christianity. While some individuals believe in the authenticity of Jesus
250:
2572:
Proceedings of the
International Workshop on the Scientific approach to the Acheiropoietos Images, ENEA Frascati, Italy
834:
205:
3124:
3027:
2957:
2718:
2648:
1401:
1390:
1299:
1225:, the king of France redeemed the Crown from the Venetian Bank. On 10 August 1239, the king deposited 29 relics in
656:
526:
were venerated as relics across Europe in the early 20th century. Part of the relics are included in the so-called
400:
145:
3547:
3493:
3156:
3059:
1183:
874:
665:
585:
160:
3421:
3206:
3079:
2880:
2818:
2221:
1292:
785:
is a bloodstained cloth, measuring 84 cm Ă— 53 cm (33 in Ă— 21 in), curated in the
373:
2437:
The Shroud of Turin: the most up-to-date analysis of all the facts regarding the Church's controversial relic
3134:
2773:
842:
786:
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3301:
2967:
2736:
1927:
1397:
1379:
1364:
1195:
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1103:
1046:
833:
is also known as the Mandylion. Two images are claimed to be the Mandylion: the Holy Face of Genoa at the
661:
328:
259:
155:
2628:
1851:
J. Jaworski, G. Fanti 3-D PROCESSING TO EVIDENCE CHARACTERISTICS REPRESENTED IN MANOPPELLO VEIL (article)
970:
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2713:
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2037:
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630:
425:
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358:
135:
120:
83:
41:
2240:
2226:
Dictionnaire critique des reliques et des images miraculeuses, T. 2. 1827. / JĂ©sus-Christ / P. 43-80.
1676:
1555:
885:
in Vienna has a copy of the Veil of Veronica, identified by the 1617 AD signature of the secretary of
3223:
3218:
2994:
2885:
2746:
2501:
1691:
1573:
1016:
618:
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519:
380:
296:
272:
125:
738:
3592:
3194:
2865:
2784:
2780:
2690:
2545:
2413:
2136:
1577:
1341:; John 19:23), for which the soldiers cast lots at the Crucifixion, is claimed by the cathedral of
1199:
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601:
486:
455:
363:
279:
220:
103:
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2002:
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3251:
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1707:
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1222:
1179:
782:
758:
709:
669:
569:
561:
430:
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385:
323:
318:
254:
140:
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in Spain has a copy of the Veronica which probably dates from 14th century Siena, known as the
3332:
3279:
3151:
3017:
2937:
2828:
2813:
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2723:
2708:
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2445:
2421:
2390:
2365:
2338:
2328:
2308:
2281:
2106:
1982:
1976:
1931:
1919:
1729:
1675:; Woelfli, W.; Ambers, J. C.; Bowman, S. G. E.; Leese, M. N.; Tite, M. S. (16 February 1989).
1587:
1538:
1514:
1315:
1264:
in the 4th century. The authenticity of many of these relics is questioned. For instance, the
1246:
1154:
1150:
1129:
1069:
1055:
940:
914:
606:
550:
546:
390:
245:
150:
115:
110:
98:
88:
2156:"Notre Dame fire: Paris Fire Brigade chaplain braved the blaze to rescue cathedral treasures"
2017:
1840:
The Face of God: The Rediscovery of the True Face of Jesus, Igantius Press, Paul Badde, 2010.
1581:
947:. Characteristics evidenced during 3D processing of the Manoppello Image have been reported.
3597:
3587:
3552:
3022:
3002:
2843:
2833:
2801:
2796:
2761:
2741:
2675:
2509:
1895:
1699:
1261:
1253:
862:
395:
284:
93:
3648:
3618:
3503:
3444:
3347:
3310:
2897:
2875:
2730:
2143:
1652:
1607:
1446:
1166:
1032:
1020:
902:
850:
830:
751:
743:
733:
721:
542:
538:
190:
130:
2236:
1645:
2505:
2334:
Images and relics: theological perceptions and visual images in sixteenth-century Europe
1745:
1695:
3628:
3582:
3567:
3402:
3342:
3201:
3102:
2962:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2198:
2125:
1672:
1334:
1288:
1207:
882:
846:
806:
626:
479:
368:
178:
73:
48:
22:
3675:
3643:
3577:
3562:
3161:
3146:
2924:
2902:
2870:
2695:
1493:
687:
200:
185:
165:
63:
1711:
773:
3284:
3262:
3235:
3107:
3064:
2703:
2407:
1422:
1284:
1125:
1119:
1011:
Wooden pieces claimed to be remnants of the manger of the baby Jesus reside in the
802:
565:
554:
529:
467:
2031:
1098:
was also a matter of veneration in the Middle Ages, according to the 12th-century
2459:
2435:
2359:
2332:
2302:
2275:
943:, where it had been since 1660. This Veil is discussed in Paul Badde's 2010 book
3572:
3557:
3463:
3268:
3129:
3119:
2853:
2486:
2403:
2057:
Official website of the Valencia cathedral - The Holy Chalice of the Lord Supper
1386:
1350:
1095:
1074:
1050:
905:
from relatives of the Byzantine Emperor in 1453 and placed in Alicante in 1489.
886:
821:
762:
353:
53:
2087:
1237:
514:, others doubt their validity. For instance, the sixteenth-century philosopher
3623:
3289:
2789:
2514:
1891:"A Roman Christmas Ritual: Micro-Architecture and the Theatre of the Presepio"
1418:
1375:
1346:
1265:
1136:
1023:
wood, which tradition holds to have been brought from the Holy Land either by
988:
Superposition of the Veil of Manoppello on the negative of the Shroud of Turin
645:
593:
2581:"Sacred Relics and Imperial Ceremonies at the Great Palace of Constantinople"
3354:
2609:
2565:"The Sudarium of Oviedo and the Shroud of Turin. A question of authenticity"
2160:
1330:
1242:
1139:, though not part of Catholic tradition. Of the existing chalices, only the
1064:
1040:
638:
523:
450:
1349:, France. The Argenteuil church claims that their Holy Coat was brought by
1291:'s praetorium, ascended by Jesus during his trial, were brought to Rome by
610:
published in 1260, that included the lore of saints venerated at the time.
3478:
1849:
1426:
898:
746:
face, positive left, negative on the right, having been contrast enhanced
717:
713:
653:
1003:
621:
was the only contemporary author to write about Helena's journey in his
3295:
3179:
1307:
1060:
801:
for "sweat cloth") is purportedly the cloth wrapped around the head of
634:
515:
435:
1646:
The Remarkable Metrological History of Radiocarbon Dating [II]
931:
In 1999, Father Heinnrich Pfeiffer announced at a press conference in
541:, receive only a modest number of pilgrims, while others, such as the
3359:
3315:
2932:
1703:
1303:
794:
685:
676:
664:
regarding the True Cross is generally restricted to the Catholic and
617:
who went to Palestine during the fourth century in search of relics.
68:
1396:
The Column of the Flagellation, which Jesus was tied to during the
889:, during whose reign a series of six copies of the veil were made.
3413:
2664:
2531:"Discrepancies in the radiocarbon dating area of the Turin shroud"
1959:
1342:
1311:
1203:
1175:
1170:
1002:
838:
820:
798:
613:
Tradition and legend attribute the discovery of the True Cross to
579:
511:
215:
31:
1492:
2004:
Le Simplon et l'Italie septentrionale: promenades et pèlerinages
1920:"Holy Manger (first venerated in the fourth or seventh century)"
932:
649:
3417:
2637:
754:
is the best-known and most intensively studied relic of Jesus.
2585:
2030:
1135:
Several Holy Chalice relics are reported in the legend of the
1128:
is the container Jesus used at the Last Supper to serve wine (
2623:
1865:"Relic thought to be from Jesus' manger arrives in Bethlehem"
1274:
notes are problematic based on the number of claimed relics:
841:
and the Holy Face of San Silvestro, curated in the Church of
1961:
Javni rituali u politickom diskursu humanistickog Dubrovnika
1252:
Many relics currently displayed result from the journey of
2105:. Vol. 1. Abingdon, England: Routledge. p. 955.
2101:
Davisson, Darrell D (2004). Kleinhenz, Christopher (ed.).
1157:
have venerated this chalice at the Cathedral of Valencia.
534:("Weapons of Christ"), or the Instruments of the Passion.
845:
in Rome until 1870, and now in the Matilda Chapel of the
2633:
1899:. 16 (Fall 2009). The Institute for Sacred Architecture
2529:
Benford, M. Sue; Joseph G. Marino (July–August 2008).
1417:. Therefore, the only parts of his body available for
1310:, claims a specimen of Christ's blood on a cloth in a
2361:
The Holy Grail: the legend, the history, the evidence
1019:
in Rome. The relic consists of five narrow pieces of
712:" relates to the specific devotions approved by Pope
2629:
Possibly the Biggest Radiocarbon Dating Mistake Ever
1333:: The possession of the seamless garment of Christ (
3606:
3540:
3514:
3486:
3451:
3325:
3244:
3170:
3093:
3050:
2993:
2923:
2689:
1190:until April 2019, when it was moved to the Louvre.
1586:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 22.
1219:pawned the relics for credit to a Venetian bank.
1356:The crucifixion site called Golgotha, is in the
3469:Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin
2624:The Shroud of Turin Story: A Guide to the Facts
1382:to pierce Jesus' side when he was on the cross.
1276:
897:The image at the Monastery of the Holy Face in
2985:Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament
2253:"Where to See Religious Relics in Rome, Italy"
1520:Pope John Paul II's address in Turin Cathedral
3429:
2649:
2563:Fernández Sánchez, José Luis (4–6 May 2010).
2137:Notre Dame de Paris - Veneration of the Crown
1140:
918:
487:
8:
1475:
1371:are reported to be made from the Holy Nails.
560:As Christian teaching generally states that
1978:Medieval Piety from Relics to the Eucharist
1924:Saints Preserved: An Encyclopedia of Relics
1677:"Radiocarbon dating of the Shroud of Turin"
1295:in the 4th century according to tradition.
1178:of the crown of thorns, received by French
923:and acquired by Bishop Nicholas de Biedma.
693:
527:
3436:
3422:
3414:
2980:New Testament places associated with Jesus
2975:Historical background of the New Testament
2656:
2642:
2634:
1452:List of artifacts significant to the Bible
835:Church of St. Bartholomew of The Armenians
562:Christ was assumed into heaven corporeally
545:, receive millions of pilgrims, including
494:
480:
30:
17:
3614:Fringe theories about the Shroud of Turin
2513:
1268:brought back by Helena, some believe the
652:inscription tablet, are preserved at the
641:report on the finding of the True Cross.
596:" refers to the actual cross used in the
3522:Shroud of Turin Research Project (STURP)
3307:Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew)
2086:, Zenit News, 2006-07-07, archived from
2007:(in French), Belin-Leprieur, p. 218
1236:
772:
761:determined that the shroud was from the
737:
2209:
2186:
2174:
2068:
1859:
1857:
1791:
1768:
1468:
1415:Christ ascended into heaven corporeally
1378:is the spear used by the Roman soldier
1345:, Germany, and by the parish church of
954:
615:Helena, mother of Constantine the Great
2594:. BYZAS. Vol. 5. pp. 79–99.
2387:Jesus in History, Thought, and Culture
1815:
1803:
1780:
1756:
2500:(3). University of Arizona: 685–689.
2485:Bella, Francesco; Carlo Azzi (2002).
537:Some relics, such as remnants of the
7:
2487:"14C Dating of the 'Titulis Crucis'"
2222:Jacques Albin Simon Collin de Plancy
2041:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1631:
1503:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1486:
1484:
849:. That the Mandylion is in fact the
302:Sources for the historicity of Jesus
2274:Cruz, Joan Carroll (October 1984),
1981:, Leiden: E.J. Brill, p. 248,
1658:J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
1321:Other claimed relics, based on the
1094:The knife used by Jesus during the
765:, between the years 1260 and 1390.
629:. In the fifth century writings by
3298:(traditional maternal grandfather)
3292:(traditional maternal grandmother)
1871:. The Associated Press. 2019-11-30
1457:Life of Jesus in the New Testament
935:that he had found the Veil in the
14:
2307:, Our Sunday Visitor Publishing,
2280:, Our Sunday Visitor Publishing,
2053:"The History of the Holy Chalice"
3527:Radiocarbon dating of the shroud
3477:
3398:
3397:
2035:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1958:Janekovic-Romer, Zdenka (1996),
1497:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1435:Archbasilica of St. John Lateran
1067:'s cathedral claims to have the
981:
969:
957:
662:Early Christian Church tradition
584:Discovery of the True Cross, by
461:
449:
161:Apparitions and visions of Jesus
3304:(paternal grandfather per Luke)
2592:Visualisierungen von Herrschaft
2389:, Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio Inc,
2301:Cruz, Joan Carroll (May 2003),
2103:Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia
1413:Christian teaching states that
720:in 1958 for the image from the
241:Background to the New Testament
3459:History of the Shroud of Turin
3008:Quest for the historical Jesus
2385:Houlden, James Leslie (2003),
2337:, Oxford University Press US,
2001:Belin, Julien-LĂ©onard (1843),
1918:Craughwell, Thomas J. (2011).
1608:"Saint Helena Queen and Widow"
1389:, is reported to be in church
290:Quest for the historical Jesus
1:
2358:Griffin, Justin (July 2001),
1053:claims to have relics of the
1015:reliquary at the Basilica of
522:. Similarly, at least thirty
3682:Relics associated with Jesus
3639:Relics associated with Jesus
2418:University Press of Kentucky
1583:The quest for the true cross
1358:Church of the Holy Sepulchre
1217:Baldwin II of Constantinople
964:The Vatican Veil of Veronica
939:monastery in the village of
805:after he died, noted in the
686:
677:
508:relics associated with Jesus
2304:Saintly Men of Modern Times
2083:Pope to Venerate Holy Grail
1726:Lost Treasures of the Bible
1537:Continuum Publishing, 1993
3698:
2958:Five Discourses of Matthew
2029:Thurston, Herbert (1913).
1975:Snoek, Godefridus (1995),
1724:Michael McDonnell (2007).
1491:Thurston, Herbert (1913).
1402:Basilica of Saint Praxedes
1391:Santa Croce in Gerusalemme
1300:Basilica of the Holy Blood
1164:
1117:
1079:presentation at the Temple
1007:Reliquary of the Holy Crib
853:is the subject of debate.
731:
657:Santa Croce in Gerusalemme
520:crucifixion cross of Jesus
307:Reliability of the Gospels
3494:Chapel of the Holy Shroud
3475:
3464:Secondo Pia, photographer
3393:
2671:
2579:Klein, Holger A. (2006).
2515:10.1017/S0033822200032136
2461:Holy Faces, Secret Places
1829:Holy Faces, Secret Places
1114:Holy Chalice (Holy Grail)
1037:Church of Saint Catherine
791:Cathedral of San Salvador
666:Eastern Orthodox Churches
3185:In comparative mythology
2590:. In F. A. Bauer (ed.).
2434:Ruffin, Bernard (1999),
1889:Longhurst, Christopher.
1318:after the 12th century.
1293:Helena of Constantinople
901:, Spain was acquired by
648:, including half of the
644:Pieces of the purported
246:Language spoken by Jesus
3338:Interactions with women
1400:, is reportedly in the
1227:Villeneuve-l'ArchevĂŞque
1142:Santo Cáliz de Valencia
843:San Silvestro in Capite
797:, Spain. The Sudarium (
777:The Sudarium of Oviedo.
456:Christianity portal
3348:Mary, sister of Martha
2968:Oral gospel traditions
1928:Crown Publishing Group
1398:Flagellation of Christ
1365:Iron Crown of Lombardy
1338:
1281:
1249:
1191:
1186:. It was preserved at
1141:
1104:Santiago de Compostela
1008:
999:Nativity and childhood
919:
875:Saint Peter's Basilica
826:
825:The Holy Face of Genoa
778:
747:
589:
566:Holy Foreskin of Jesus
528:
260:Mental health of Jesus
3661:Resurrection of Jesus
3499:Royal Palace of Turin
3075:Life of Christ Museum
3070:Life of Christ in art
2464:, London: Doubleday,
2038:Catholic Encyclopedia
1500:Catholic Encyclopedia
1369:Bridle of Constantine
1323:Crucifixion of Christ
1271:Catholic Encyclopedia
1258:Constantine the Great
1240:
1174:
1147:Cathedral of Valencia
1145:(Holy Chalice of the
1031:), or in the time of
1006:
824:
776:
741:
631:Socrates Scholasticus
583:
426:Life of Christ Museum
347:Perspectives on Jesus
42:Jesus in Christianity
2891:Sayings on the cross
2849:Entry into Jerusalem
2458:Wilson, Ian (1991),
2409:Relics of the Christ
1930:. pp. 123–124.
1612:anglicancatholic.org
1339:tunica inconsultilis
1200:Notre-Dame Cathedral
1047:St. Paul's Monastery
1017:Santa Maria Maggiore
976:The Manoppello Image
619:Eusebius of Caesarea
598:Crucifixion of Jesus
568:or the blood of the
506:A number of alleged
3380:Race and appearance
3318:(traditional uncle)
3224:Jesus the Splendour
2866:Agony in the Garden
2781:Sermon on the Mount
2544:(4). Archived from
2506:2002Radcb..44..685B
1896:Sacred Architecture
1696:1989Natur.337..611D
1574:Thiede, Carsten Pet
1188:Notre-Dame de Paris
1108:St Mark's Campanile
623:Life of Constantine
602:Jacobus de Voragine
104:Sermon on the Mount
3654:Sudarium of Oviedo
3634:Holy Face of Jesus
3532:VP8 Image Analyzer
3365:Rejection of Jesus
3042:Christ myth theory
2859:Farewell Discourse
2442:Our Sunday Visitor
2329:Dillenberger, John
2142:2010-10-28 at the
1660:109, 2004, p. 200.
1651:2010-12-06 at the
1494:"Holy Nails"
1287:, the stairs from
1250:
1192:
1184:emperor Baldwin II
1100:Guide for Pilgrims
1009:
827:
783:Sudarium of Oviedo
779:
769:Sudarium of Oviedo
759:radiocarbon dating
748:
710:Holy Face of Jesus
670:Anglican Communion
590:
3669:
3668:
3411:
3410:
3333:Language of Jesus
3280:Brothers of Jesus
3152:Session of Christ
3028:Mara bar Serapion
2829:Great Commandment
2724:Flight into Egypt
2471:978-0-385-26105-0
2451:978-0-87973-617-0
2427:978-0-8131-2425-4
2396:978-1-57607-856-3
2371:978-0-7864-0999-0
2344:978-0-19-512172-8
2314:978-1-931709-77-4
2287:978-0-87973-701-6
1988:978-90-04-10263-7
1690:(6208): 611–615.
1578:d'Ancona, Matthew
1515:Pope John Paul II
1476:Dillenberger 1999
1316:Thierry of Alsace
1247:Bamberg Cathedral
1155:Pope Benedict XVI
1151:Pope John Paul II
1090:Last Supper knife
1070:swaddling clothes
1056:Gifts of the Magi
1029:326-28 pilgrimage
941:Manoppello, Italy
873:An image kept in
716:in 1895 and Pope
703:made without hand
607:The Golden Legend
551:Pope Benedict XVI
547:Pope John Paul II
504:
503:
319:Jesus myth theory
3689:
3598:Frederick Zugibe
3588:Phillip H. Wiebe
3553:Ulysse Chevalier
3481:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3415:
3401:
3400:
3276:(alleged father)
3130:Person of Christ
3003:Historical Jesus
2834:Olivet Discourse
2762:Great Commission
2658:
2651:
2644:
2635:
2613:
2589:
2575:
2569:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2550:
2535:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2491:
2474:
2454:
2430:
2399:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2261:
2260:
2249:
2243:
2234:
2228:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2152:
2146:
2134:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2034:
2026:
2020:
2018:Matthew 26:27–28
2015:
2009:
2008:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1861:
1852:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1832:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1743:
1737:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1704:10.1038/337611a0
1681:
1667:
1661:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1552:
1546:
1533:Margaret Aston,
1531:
1525:
1524:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1496:
1488:
1479:
1473:
1262:Syria Palaestina
1256:, the mother of
1144:
1077:wore during the
985:
973:
961:
922:
863:Veil of Veronica
857:Veil of Veronica
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
691:
680:
533:
496:
489:
482:
468:Islam portal
466:
465:
464:
454:
453:
414:Jesus in culture
285:Historical Jesus
273:Jesus in history
196:Names and titles
151:Heavenly Session
59:Names and titles
34:
18:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3619:Image of Edessa
3602:
3536:
3510:
3504:Turin Cathedral
3482:
3473:
3447:
3445:Shroud of Turin
3442:
3412:
3407:
3389:
3321:
3240:
3172:In other faiths
3166:
3089:
3085:Transfiguration
3046:
2989:
2919:
2819:Transfiguration
2693:
2685:
2667:
2662:
2620:
2602:
2583:
2578:
2567:
2562:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2538:Chemistry Today
2533:
2528:
2520:
2518:
2489:
2484:
2481:
2479:Further reading
2472:
2457:
2452:
2433:
2428:
2402:
2397:
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2357:
2349:
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2345:
2327:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2300:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2273:
2270:
2268:General sources
2265:
2264:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2235:
2231:
2220:
2216:
2208:
2204:
2197:
2193:
2185:
2181:
2173:
2169:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2144:Wayback Machine
2135:
2131:
2124:
2120:
2113:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2067:
2063:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2032:"Chalice"
2028:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2012:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1874:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1826:
1822:
1814:
1810:
1802:
1798:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1775:
1771:, vol. 2, p. 66
1767:
1763:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1740:
1723:
1719:
1679:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1653:Wayback Machine
1642:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1532:
1528:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1447:Blood of Christ
1443:
1411:
1235:
1169:
1167:Crown of thorns
1163:
1161:Crown of Thorns
1122:
1116:
1092:
1087:
1085:The Last Supper
1033:Pope Theodore I
1001:
996:
989:
986:
977:
974:
965:
962:
953:
945:The Face of God
929:
911:
903:Pope Nicholas V
895:
871:
859:
851:Shroud of Turin
831:Image of Edessa
819:
817:Image of Edessa
771:
752:Shroud of Turin
744:Shroud of Turin
742:A photo of the
736:
734:Shroud of Turin
730:
728:Shroud of Turin
722:Shroud of Turin
705:
702:
699:
696:
682:
578:
543:Shroud of Turin
539:crown of thorns
500:
462:
460:
448:
441:
440:
416:
406:
405:
349:
339:
338:
275:
265:
264:
236:
226:
225:
181:
171:
170:
44:
12:
11:
5:
3695:
3693:
3685:
3684:
3674:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3636:
3631:
3629:House of Savoy
3626:
3621:
3616:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3583:Raymond Rogers
3580:
3575:
3570:
3568:Walter McCrone
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3518:
3516:
3515:Investigations
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3418:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3343:Mary Magdalene
3335:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3313:
3308:
3305:
3299:
3293:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3271:
3266:
3265:(legal father)
3260:
3254:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3216:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3187:
3182:
3176:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3099:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3010:
2999:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2963:Gospel harmony
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2929:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2681:List of topics
2678:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2619:
2618:External links
2616:
2615:
2614:
2600:
2576:
2560:
2526:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2455:
2450:
2440:, Huntington:
2431:
2426:
2400:
2395:
2382:
2370:
2355:
2343:
2325:
2313:
2298:
2286:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2244:
2229:
2214:
2212:, p. 104.
2210:Nickell (2007)
2202:
2191:
2189:, p. 169.
2187:Nickell (2007)
2179:
2175:Nickell (2007)
2167:
2147:
2129:
2118:
2111:
2093:
2073:
2061:
2044:
2021:
2010:
1993:
1987:
1967:
1950:
1937:978-0307590749
1936:
1910:
1881:
1853:
1842:
1833:
1820:
1808:
1796:
1792:Nickell (2007)
1784:
1773:
1761:
1749:
1738:
1717:
1662:
1636:
1624:
1599:
1592:
1565:
1547:
1535:Faith and Fire
1526:
1517:(1998-05-24),
1506:
1480:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1442:
1439:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1394:
1383:
1372:
1361:
1354:
1289:Pontius Pilate
1234:
1231:
1208:Gospel of John
1194:The relics of
1165:Main article:
1162:
1159:
1118:Main article:
1115:
1112:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1025:Empress Helena
1000:
997:
995:
992:
991:
990:
987:
980:
978:
975:
968:
966:
963:
956:
952:
949:
928:
925:
915:Jaén Cathedral
910:
907:
894:
891:
883:Hofburg Palace
870:
867:
858:
855:
847:Vatican Palace
818:
815:
807:Gospel of John
770:
767:
732:Main article:
729:
726:
681:
674:
627:Holy Sepulchre
577:
576:The True Cross
574:
502:
501:
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218:
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208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
182:
179:Jesus in Islam
177:
176:
173:
172:
169:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
107:
106:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
74:Gospel harmony
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
45:
40:
39:
36:
35:
27:
26:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3694:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3662:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3644:acheiropoieta
3642:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3578:Lynn Picknett
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3563:Barbara Frale
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3548:Pierre Barbet
3546:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3480:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3439:
3434:
3432:
3427:
3425:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3404:
3396:
3395:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3375:Mental health
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3195:In the Talmud
3193:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3162:Cosmic Christ
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3147:Second Coming
3145:
3143:
3140:
3136:
3135:Pre-existence
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3043:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2925:New Testament
2922:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2802:Lord's Prayer
2800:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2737:Unknown years
2735:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2719:Date of birth
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2659:
2654:
2652:
2647:
2645:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2601:9789758071265
2597:
2593:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2561:
2551:on 2012-03-04
2547:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2527:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2488:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2373:
2367:
2364:, McFarland,
2363:
2362:
2356:
2346:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2316:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2299:
2289:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2180:
2177:, p. 96.
2176:
2171:
2168:
2164:. 2019-04-17.
2163:
2162:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2122:
2119:
2114:
2112:9780415939294
2108:
2104:
2097:
2094:
2090:on 2010-07-25
2089:
2085:
2084:
2077:
2074:
2071:, p. 103
2070:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2039:
2033:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2006:
2005:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1971:
1968:
1963:
1962:
1954:
1951:
1939:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1911:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1885:
1882:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1809:
1806:, p. 157
1805:
1800:
1797:
1794:, p. 75.
1793:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1734:1-84753-316-7
1731:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1674:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1640:
1637:
1634:, p. 200
1633:
1628:
1625:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1595:
1593:9780297842286
1589:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1543:1-85285-073-6
1540:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1495:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1469:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1409:Bodily relics
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1319:
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1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1248:
1244:
1241:Relic with a
1239:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1198:presented at
1197:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1180:King Louis IX
1177:
1173:
1168:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1005:
998:
993:
984:
979:
972:
967:
960:
955:
950:
948:
946:
942:
938:
934:
926:
924:
921:
916:
908:
906:
904:
900:
892:
890:
888:
884:
879:
876:
868:
866:
864:
856:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
823:
816:
814:
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
775:
768:
766:
764:
760:
755:
753:
745:
740:
735:
727:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
690:
689:
688:acheiropoieta
679:
678:Acheiropoieta
675:
673:
671:
667:
663:
658:
655:
651:
647:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
611:
609:
608:
603:
599:
595:
587:
582:
575:
573:
571:
570:Oviedo Shroud
567:
563:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
535:
532:
531:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
497:
492:
490:
485:
483:
478:
477:
475:
474:
469:
459:
457:
452:
447:
446:
445:
444:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
418:
415:
410:
409:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
375:
372:
371:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
351:
348:
343:
342:
335:
332:
330:
329:Unknown years
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
308:
305:
303:
300:
299:
298:
295:
291:
288:
287:
286:
283:
281:
278:
277:
274:
269:
268:
261:
258:
256:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
238:
235:
230:
229:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
183:
180:
175:
174:
167:
166:Second Coming
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
105:
102:
101:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
70:
67:
65:
64:Life of Jesus
62:
60:
57:
55:
52:
50:
47:
46:
43:
38:
37:
33:
29:
28:
24:
20:
19:
16:
3638:
3285:Holy Kinship
3236:Master Jesus
3214:Baháʼà Faith
3141:
3108:Christianity
3095:Christianity
3065:Christ Child
3060:Bibliography
2910:Resurrection
2824:Homelessness
2733:(apocryphal)
2714:Virgin birth
2704:Annunciation
2696:Jesus's life
2591:
2571:
2553:. Retrieved
2546:the original
2541:
2537:
2519:. Retrieved
2497:
2493:
2460:
2436:
2408:
2404:Nickell, Joe
2386:
2375:, retrieved
2360:
2348:, retrieved
2333:
2318:, retrieved
2303:
2291:, retrieved
2276:
2256:
2247:
2237:P. Saintyves
2232:
2217:
2205:
2194:
2182:
2170:
2159:
2150:
2132:
2121:
2102:
2096:
2088:the original
2082:
2076:
2069:Griffin 2001
2064:
2056:
2047:
2036:
2024:
2013:
2003:
1996:
1977:
1970:
1960:
1953:
1941:. Retrieved
1923:
1913:
1901:. Retrieved
1894:
1884:
1873:. Retrieved
1868:
1845:
1836:
1828:
1827:Ian Wilson,
1823:
1818:, p. 94
1811:
1799:
1787:
1776:
1769:Houlden 2003
1764:
1759:, p. 47
1752:
1741:
1725:
1720:
1687:
1683:
1673:Trumbore, S.
1665:
1657:
1644:
1639:
1627:
1615:. Retrieved
1611:
1602:
1582:
1568:
1560:www.ccel.org
1559:
1550:
1534:
1529:
1519:
1509:
1498:
1471:
1431:Circumcision
1423:Holy Prepuce
1412:
1320:
1297:
1285:Scala Sancta
1282:
1277:
1269:
1251:
1221:
1213:
1193:
1134:
1126:Holy Chalice
1123:
1120:Holy Chalice
1099:
1093:
1068:
1054:
1045:
1012:
1010:
994:Other relics
944:
930:
920:Santo Rostro
912:
896:
880:
872:
860:
828:
811:
803:Jesus Christ
787:Cámara Santa
780:
756:
749:
684:A number of
683:
643:
622:
612:
605:
591:
559:
555:Pope Francis
536:
530:Arma Christi
507:
505:
401:Bar-Serapion
333:
253: /
156:Intercession
136:Resurrection
84:Virgin birth
15:
3573:Joe Nickell
3558:Yves Delage
3541:Researchers
3311:Descendants
3269:Holy Family
3252:Genealogies
3219:Manichaeism
3125:Incarnation
3120:Christology
3113:1st century
2995:Historicity
2886:Crucifixion
2854:Last Supper
2494:Radiocarbon
1943:24 December
1903:24 December
1869:nbcnews.com
1816:Wilson 1991
1804:Wilson 1991
1781:Wilson 1991
1757:Ruffin 1999
1746:John 20:6–7
1478:, p. 5
1387:Holy Sponge
1351:Charlemagne
1314:, given by
1233:Crucifixion
1196:the Passion
1132:26:27–28).
1110:in Venice.
1096:Last Supper
1059:, while in
1051:Mount Athos
887:Pope Paul V
763:Middle Ages
421:Life in art
297:Historicity
251:Jesus' race
121:Humiliation
54:Christology
3624:Pray Codex
3593:Ian Wilson
3157:Son of God
3052:Depictions
2790:Beatitudes
2747:Temptation
2691:Chronology
2555:2012-09-10
2521:2012-09-10
2377:21 October
2350:21 October
2320:21 October
2293:21 October
2199:John 19:23
2126:John 19:12
1875:2019-12-01
1831:, page 161
1736:. page 31.
1523:, Holy See
1419:veneration
1376:Holy Lance
1347:Argenteuil
1266:Holy Nails
1137:Holy Grail
1075:baby Jesus
927:Manoppello
809:(20:6–7).
646:True Cross
594:True Cross
524:Holy Nails
381:Manichaean
280:Chronology
234:Background
3385:Sexuality
3370:Criticism
3355:Christmas
3231:Mandaeism
3207:Ahmadiyya
2915:Ascension
2839:Anointing
2774:Disciples
2757:Selecting
2414:Lexington
2257:about.com
2161:USA Today
1632:Cruz 2003
1617:April 10,
1463:Citations
1429:from his
1425:, Jesus'
1331:Holy Coat
1325:include:
1243:holy nail
1065:Dubrovnik
1041:Bethlehem
1013:Holy Crib
757:In 1988,
639:Theodoret
431:Depiction
354:Christian
324:Criticism
314:Mythology
255:genealogy
221:End times
206:Disciples
146:Obedience
141:Ascension
126:Execution
3676:Category
3487:Location
3403:Category
3274:Panthera
3259:(mother)
3018:Josephus
2871:Betrayal
2814:Miracles
2809:Parables
2769:Ministry
2752:Apostles
2709:Nativity
2610:71787023
2406:(2007),
2331:(1999),
2140:Archived
1712:27686437
1649:Archived
1580:(2000).
1441:See also
1427:foreskin
1404:in Rome.
1393:in Rome.
1380:Longinus
1223:Louis IX
1021:sycamore
937:Capuchin
899:Alicante
893:Alicante
718:Pius XII
714:Leo XIII
654:basilica
391:Josephus
386:Mandaean
116:Parables
111:Miracles
99:Ministry
89:Nativity
23:a series
21:Part of
3607:Related
3452:History
3326:Related
3296:Joachim
3190:Judaism
3180:Jesuism
3080:Statues
3033:Gospels
3023:Tacitus
3013:Sources
2938:Matthew
2933:Gospels
2844:Passion
2797:Prayers
2742:Baptism
2731:Infancy
2676:Outline
2502:Bibcode
1692:Bibcode
1308:Belgium
1245:at the
1130:Matthew
1061:Croatia
951:Gallery
789:of the
697:
635:Sozomen
586:Tiepolo
516:Erasmus
436:Jesuism
396:Tacitus
369:Islamic
94:Baptism
69:Gospels
3360:Easter
3316:Clopas
3263:Joseph
3245:Family
3142:Relics
3103:Christ
2898:Burial
2876:Arrest
2608:
2598:
2468:
2448:
2424:
2393:
2368:
2341:
2311:
2284:
2277:Relics
2109:
1985:
1934:
1732:
1710:
1684:Nature
1590:
1545:p. 272
1541:
1304:Bruges
1254:Helena
795:Oviedo
588:, 1745
553:, and
512:relics
374:Ahmadi
364:Talmud
359:Jewish
334:Relics
191:Gospel
131:Burial
79:Places
49:Christ
3649:blood
3202:Islam
2881:Trial
2785:Plain
2665:Jesus
2568:(PDF)
2549:(PDF)
2534:(PDF)
2490:(PDF)
1708:S2CID
1680:(PDF)
1343:Trier
1335:Latin
1312:phial
1260:, to
1204:Paris
1182:from
1176:Relic
1027:(see
909:Siena
839:Genoa
799:Latin
592:The "
216:Mahdi
211:Death
186:Masih
3302:Heli
3290:Anne
3257:Mary
2953:John
2948:Luke
2943:Mark
2903:Tomb
2606:OCLC
2596:ISBN
2466:ISBN
2446:ISBN
2422:ISBN
2391:ISBN
2379:2010
2366:ISBN
2352:2010
2339:ISBN
2322:2010
2309:ISBN
2295:2010
2282:ISBN
2107:ISBN
1983:ISBN
1945:2023
1932:ISBN
1905:2023
1730:ISBN
1619:2015
1588:ISBN
1539:ISBN
1385:The
1374:The
1367:and
1363:The
1329:The
1298:The
1283:The
1153:and
1124:The
1073:the
933:Rome
913:The
881:The
869:Rome
861:The
829:The
781:The
750:The
694:lit.
650:INRI
637:and
201:Mary
2694:of
2586:PDF
2510:doi
1700:doi
1688:337
1302:in
1202:in
1102:to
1049:on
1039:in
837:in
604:'s
3678::
2604:.
2570:.
2542:26
2540:.
2536:.
2508:.
2498:44
2496:.
2492:.
2444:,
2420:,
2416::
2412:,
2255:.
2239:.
2224:.
2158:.
2055:,
1926:.
1922:.
1893:.
1867:.
1856:^
1728:.
1706:.
1698:.
1686:.
1682:.
1656:,
1610:.
1576:;
1558:.
1483:^
1437:.
1337::
1306:,
1081:.
1063:,
1043:.
793:,
724:.
672:.
633:,
572:.
557:.
549:,
25:on
3437:e
3430:t
3423:v
2783:/
2657:e
2650:t
2643:v
2612:.
2588:)
2584:(
2574:.
2558:.
2524:.
2512::
2504::
2259:.
2115:.
1947:.
1907:.
1878:.
1714:.
1702::
1694::
1621:.
1596:.
1562:.
1353:.
706:'
700:'
692:(
495:e
488:t
481:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
