1186:
1904:
685:
1177:
122:
1460:
538:
399:
891:
4767:
4360:
841:
4777:
4370:
41:
1903:
1445:, in which it was also an omen. If one encountered a Tigmamanukan while traveling, they should take note of the direction of its flight. If the bird flew to the right, the traveler would not encounter any danger during their journey. If it flew to the left, the traveler would never find their way and would be lost forever.
871:
Although no written record exists about early
Buddhism in the Philippines, recent archaeological discoveries and a few scant references in the other nations' historical records can testify that Buddhism was present from the 9th century. These records mention the independent states that comprised the
1529:
began in the sixteenth century when traders from Brunei settled in the Manila area and married locals while maintaining kinship and trade links with Brunei and thus other Muslim centres in
Southeast Asia. There is no evidence that Islam had become a major political or religious force in the region,
1502:
and the Muslim Rajah
Sulaiman was installed in power. Furthermore, Sultan Bolkiah's victory over Sulu and Seludong (modern day Manila), as well as his marriages to Laila Mecanai, the daughter of Sulu Sultan Amir Ul-Ombra (an uncle of Sharifa Mahandun married to Nakhoda Angging or Maharaja Anddin of
1253:
A study of this image was made by Dr. F. D. K. Bosch, of
Batavia, in 1920, who came to the conclusion that it was made by local workmen in Mindanao, copying a Ngandjuk image of the early Madjapahit period – except that the local artist overlooked the distinguishing attributes held in the hand. It
566:
continue to practice the old traditions. The term animism encompasses a collection of beliefs and cultural mores anchored more or less in the idea that the world is inhabited by spirits and supernatural entities, both good and bad, and that respect must be accorded to them through worship. These
744:(minor gods and demi-gods). Ancient Filipinos kept statues to represent these spirits, ask guidance and protection. Elders, ancestors and the environment were all highly respected. Although Anito survives to the present day, it has for the most part been Christianized and incorporated into
1715:
as shown in the origin of most languages from
Sanskrit and certain ancient potteries. A Buddhist image was reproduced in mould on a clay medallion in bas-relief from the municipality of Calatagan. According to experts, the image in the pot strongly resembles the iconographic portrayal of
491:
in the 16th century. Despite the attacks initiated by
Abrahamic faiths against the Philippine indigenous folk religions by way of colonization and its after-effects, many of the indigenous religious traditions survived, while many were also infused into Abrahamic religions in the form of
1598:(LCI) is the most significant archaeological discovery in the Philippines because it serves as the first written record of the Philippine nation. The LCI mentions a debt pardon for a person, Namwaran, and his descendants by the Rajah of Tundun (now Tondo, Manila) on the fourth day after
608:. Tagalogs for example venerated animals like the crocodile (buaya) and often called them "nonong" (from cognate 'nuno' i.e. 'ancestor' or 'elder'). A common ancient curse among the Tagalogs is "makain ka ng buwaya" "may the crocodile eat you!" Animistic practices vary between different
486:
religions were later influenced by
Hinduism and Buddhism. With the arrival of Islam in the 14th century, the older religions slowly became less dominant in some small portions in the southwest. European colonial ambitions tried to influence the people through Christian ideologies via
1691:(metal relics) – "The gentleness of Tagalog customs that the first Spaniards found, very different from those of other provinces of the same race and in Luzon itself, can very well be the effect of Buddhism. "There are copper Buddha's" images. the people in
511:, which are mostly symbolic representations and are associated with healing and sympathetic practices from the Indigenous Philippine folk religions, of which the earliest examples are believed to have been used earlier than 2000 BC., during the Philippines'
1673:
The artifacts' distinct features point to their production in the islands. It is probable that they were made locally because archaeologist Peter
Bellwood discovered the existence of an ancient goldsmith's shop that made the 20-centuries-old
1931:. This discovery, is now known as the Laguna Copperplate Inscription by scholars. It is the earliest known written document found in the Philippines, dated to be from the 9th century AD, and was deciphered in 1992 by Dutch anthropologist
1225:
islands. Indian religions, possibly an syncretic version of Hindu-Buddhism, arrived in the
Philippine archipelago in the 1st millennium AD and lasted through the first half of the second millennium AD, through the Indonesian kingdom of
1180:
Hinduism expansion in Asia, from its heartland in Indian
Subcontinent, to the rest of Asia, especially Southeast Asia, started circa 1st century marked with the establishment of early Hindu settlements and polities in Southeast
3143:
1837:
in Chicago, Illinois in 1922. Beyer and other experts have agreed on its identity and have dated it to belong within 900–950 CE. They cannot place, however, its provenance because it has distinct features.
2905:
999:. Recent research conducted by Philip Maise has included the discovery of giant sculptures, has also discovered what he believes to be cave paintings within the burial chambers in the caves depicting the
1939:, the Srivijaya empire, and the Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms of India. This is an active area of research as little is known about the scale and depth of Philippine history from the 1st millennium and before.
3333:
2975:
1299:
Most fables and stories in Philippine culture are linked to Indian arts, such as the story of monkey and the turtle, the race between the deer and the snail (similar to the Western story of
1254:
probably had some connection with the Javanese miners who are known to have been mining gold in the Agusan-Surigao area in the middle or late 14th century. The image is apparently that of a
562:
in orientation, were the primary form of religious belief practiced in the prehistoric and early historic Philippines before the arrival of foreign influences. Today, only a handful of the
3106:
2887:
3387:
3081:
2096:
2960:
2789:
3048:
427:
3043:
1185:
4811:
3028:
2811:
2248:
463:
were also present in some parts of the islands. Many of the traditions and belief systems from pre-colonial Filipino religions continue to be practiced today through the
3326:
3284:
2235:
1861:. The kinnari exists in both Buddhist and Hindu mythology. In Buddhism, the kinnari, a half-human and half-bird creature, represents enlightened action. The Buddhist
378:
3871:
3767:
3738:
1649:
1171:
254:
3279:
1249:
Before the Spanish colonization of the archipelago, it was estimated that up to a third of Filipinos had Hindu beliefs, or prayed to and worshipped a Hindu god.
3359:
3319:
2980:
1303:), and the hawk and the hen. Similarly, the major epics and folk literature of the Philippines show common themes, plots, climax and ideas expressed in the
3802:
3718:
1367:
1325:, Hindu influences and folklore was firmly established in Philippines when the surviving inscriptions of about 9th to 10th century AD were discovered. The
867:(blue arrow). The overland and maritime "Silk Roads" were interlinked and complementary, forming what scholars have called the "great circle of Buddhism".
3101:
1543:
Most records concerning pre-colonial Philippine religion can be traced back through various written accounts from Chinese, Indian and Spanish sources.
883:
from the 6th to the 13th centuries. The states' trade contacts with the empire either before or during the 9th century served as a conduit to introduce
444:
3627:
3071:
2782:
616:, chants and prayers are often key features. Its practitioners were highly respected (and sometimes feared) in the community, as they were healers (
420:
3188:
964:
on the opposite banks of a stream and cover themselves with a cloth like a sheet or hide their bodies with a loin cloth. There are metal images of
4681:
4274:
3583:
2851:
223:
3198:
3000:
2965:
2955:
2901:
3733:
3615:
2995:
563:
274:
264:
165:
2199:
794:
In search of a national culture and identity, away from those imposed by Spain during the colonial age, Filipino revolutionaries during the
4806:
4801:
4656:
4406:
4249:
3999:
3856:
3777:
3500:
3216:
2879:
2775:
1234:. Archeological evidence suggesting exchange of ancient spiritual ideas from India to the Philippines includes the 1.79 kilogram, 21 carat
799:
532:
479:
464:
311:
2060:
1602:, in the Saka year 822, which has been estimated to correspond to April 21, 900 CE. The LCI uses the old Buddhist-Hindu lunar calendar.
671:(a gigantic sea serpent) Similarly to Naga, may exist in some indigenous peoples alongside more mainstream Christian and Islamic faiths.
3138:
3076:
413:
327:
1654:
The Philippines's archaeological finds include many ancient gold artifacts. Most of them have been dated to belong to the 9th century.
3086:
2833:
2745:
2726:
2707:
2684:
2589:
2302:
844:
306:
2135:
4732:
4325:
2947:
2415:
2090:
851:(dark orange) starting 5th century BCE, to Buddhist majority realm (orange), and historical extent of Buddhism influences (yellow).
84:
2970:
3866:
3133:
2920:
1608:, an anthropologist and an expert in ancient Javanese literature, has deciphered the LCI and he says it records a combination of
160:
3605:
2569:
806:
of the entire country. However, due to the war against the Spanish and, later, American colonizers, focus on the revival of the
3573:
2985:
2806:
1960:
1935:. The copperplate inscription suggests economic and cultural links between the Tagalog people of Philippines with the Javanese
1834:
1243:
348:
203:
4742:
4335:
3374:
2178:
1920:
1908:
1595:
1589:
1548:
1007:
516:
187:
51:
696:. The reason given is: the usage of terminology here is no longer reflected in the way they are used in current scholarship.
2503:
4491:
3300:
3231:
2856:
368:
289:
269:
1895:, the wisdom being or Bodhisattva of Compassion. Golden jewelry found so far include rings, some surmounted by images of
4737:
4701:
4294:
3676:
3671:
3066:
2990:
2937:
2892:
143:
4601:
4194:
3661:
3563:
3540:
3412:
3261:
3256:
2798:
1975:
1955:
1899:– the sacred bull, linked chains, inscribed gold sheets, gold plaques decorated with repoussé images of Hindu deities.
1633:
1155:
819:
294:
172:
30:
1770:. The discovery of sophisticated Hindu imagery and gold artifacts in Tabon Caves has been linked to those found from
2762:
4084:
3743:
3610:
3578:
3547:
3535:
1980:
1923:
In 1989, a laborer working in a sand mine at the mouth of Lumbang River near Laguna de Bay found a copper plate in
1222:
981:
259:
138:
111:
4330:
1911:(above) found in 1989 suggests Indian cultural influence in the Philippines by the 9th century AD, likely through
4696:
4289:
3966:
3722:
2639:
1438:
1322:
1300:
1194:
548:
318:
284:
2152:
4706:
4651:
4616:
4571:
4423:
4399:
4299:
4244:
4209:
4164:
4016:
3992:
3461:
3446:
3193:
1454:
786:
and Christian prayers, the albularyo was able to syncretize the ancient mode of healing with the new religion.
279:
233:
218:
66:
4541:
4536:
4431:
4134:
4129:
4074:
4034:
4024:
3772:
3706:
3468:
3354:
3236:
2897:
2870:
2843:
2072:
880:
353:
208:
62:
642:), tribal historians and wizened elders that provided the spiritual and traditional life of the community.
4661:
4636:
4551:
4531:
4481:
4451:
4441:
4284:
4254:
4229:
4144:
4124:
4044:
3941:
3271:
3128:
2467:
Laszlo Legeza, "Tantric Elements in the Philippines PreHispanic Gold Arts," Arts of Asia, 1988, 4:129–136.
148:
4747:
4626:
4621:
4501:
4340:
4219:
4214:
4119:
4094:
4069:
3883:
3792:
3038:
2604:
2368:
1912:
1059:. According to experts, the image in the pot strongly resembles the iconographic portrayal of Buddha in
973:
795:
228:
17:
4752:
4345:
4264:
4224:
4079:
2659:
1865:
mentions the kinnari as the celestial musician in the Himavanta realm. The kinnari takes the form of a
451:
indigenous religions practiced by the more than one hundred distinct ethnic groups in the archipelago.
4104:
4691:
4641:
4596:
4576:
4566:
4466:
4234:
4189:
4169:
4159:
4059:
3568:
3402:
3033:
1950:
807:
520:
301:
4721:
4666:
4581:
4561:
4446:
4436:
4392:
4314:
4259:
4174:
4154:
4039:
4029:
3985:
3451:
3058:
3023:
1530:
with Father Diego de Herrera recording that inhabitants in some villages were Muslim in name only.
1499:
1176:
1000:
388:
121:
4776:
4369:
4711:
4646:
4611:
4546:
4526:
4516:
4476:
4461:
4456:
4304:
4239:
4204:
4139:
4109:
4054:
4049:
3632:
3417:
3383:
3091:
2352:
2314:
Manuel, E. Arsenio (1963), A Survey of Philippine Folk Epics, Asian Folklore Studies, 22, pp 1–76
2203:
1658:
1637:
1495:
936:'"Account of the Various Barbarians"') in which he described trade with a country called
884:
827:
758:
650:
631:
613:
508:
403:
182:
537:
3311:
2542:
1695:
sound like newcomers since they don't know where those metal statues in the jungle come from."
1016:(Li Yui-han 李竾罕 and Jiaminan) at the Chinese Imperial Court on March 17, 1001 AD. It described
4671:
4631:
4606:
4586:
4521:
4496:
4486:
4471:
4199:
4179:
4114:
4089:
4064:
3961:
3911:
3891:
3456:
3422:
3407:
3166:
3148:
3120:
2741:
2722:
2703:
2680:
2411:
2405:
2298:
2297:
Mellie Leandicho Lopez (2008), A Handbook of Philippine Folklore, University of Hawaii Press,
2086:
1318:
1107:
1036:
831:
373:
213:
2451:
2081:
1754:, the mythical bird that is common to Buddhism and Hinduism, Another gold artifact, from the
4591:
4556:
4511:
4506:
4415:
4184:
4149:
4099:
4008:
3946:
3830:
3681:
3666:
3622:
3248:
3005:
2554:
2076:
1560:
1506:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1331:
985:
923:
745:
605:
493:
468:
343:
249:
2442:
Jesus T. Peralta, "Prehistoric Gold Ornaments CB Philippines," Arts of Asia, 1981, 4:54–60.
2348:
1459:
3936:
3916:
3906:
3884:
Dr. Leticia Ramos-Shahani - sister of former President Fidel Ramos is married to an Indian
3851:
3807:
3781:
3686:
2821:
2617:
2381:
2139:
2132:
1840:
1793:
1472:
1345:
1218:
890:
872:
Philippine archipelago, rather one united country as the Philippines are organized today.
835:
727:
363:
358:
338:
177:
1503:
Sulu), and to the daughter of Datu Kemin, widened Brunei's influence in the Philippines.
1279:
Juan Francisco suggests that the golden Agusan statue may be a representation of goddess
980:, where most settlements came to be ruled by Malay chieftains. They were followed by the
1822:
by Beyer, the bronze statue may be a siva-buddhist blending rather than "pure Buddhist".
698:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
398:
3956:
3711:
3441:
3015:
1936:
1892:
1811:
1741:
1518:
1404:
1362:
1350:
1326:
1271:
1198:
1103:
1099:
1087:
848:
803:
593:
581:
1336:
573:", despite keeping most of their native meanings and symbols, due to the influence of
4795:
4770:
4363:
3931:
3921:
3876:
3861:
3493:
3436:
3426:
3208:
2430:
2028:
1932:
1702:
1645:
1609:
1605:
1522:
1517:
district) were installed as Muslim kings and the Buddhist-Hindu settlement was under
1510:
1372:
1163:
512:
472:
3808:
Biag ni Lam-ang Ilocano epic based on the Indian Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharta
2049:
Kenno, L. W. V. (1901). The Katipunan of the Philippines. The North American Review.
3926:
3812:
3158:
3096:
1896:
1888:
1858:
1775:
1629:
1432:
1420:
1235:
1190:
1084:
823:
769:
609:
2182:
2029:"A new recording and interpretation of the rock art of Angono, Rizal, Philippines"
840:
2005:
1242:
in 1917 after a storm and flood exposed its location. The statue now sits in the
4780:
4373:
3951:
3726:
3369:
3364:
3226:
2559:
1924:
1870:
1862:
1826:
1755:
1613:
1576:
1555:
1412:
1384:
1304:
1206:
1167:
899:
723:
552:
504:
488:
3901:
3488:
3430:
2767:
2433:, "The Laguna Copperplate Inscription," Philippines Studies, 1992 40: 183–203.
1670:
1641:
1514:
1315:
1159:
1052:
996:
911:
764:
617:
497:
448:
3798:
Alim and Hudhud of Ifugao based on Indian Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharta
1135:
Banolor – night or 2 later of waning, set on western horizon just before dawn
1047:
and certain ancient potteries. A Buddhist image was reproduced in mould on a
3896:
3397:
3392:
2929:
2699:
1884:
1844:
1733:
1698:
1354:
1231:
1227:
1076:
1056:
876:
864:
856:
778:
155:
2590:"Indian Penetration of pre-Spanish Philippines: A new look at the evidence"
1415:
at this time was also strongly Hindu, evidenced by the Ladya Lawana (Rajah
1193:
statue (900–950 CE) discovered in 1917 on the banks of the Wawa River near
1141:
Katin – 3rd quarter so it crossed the 2nd barrier by the 24th or 25th night
558:
Indigenous Philippine folk religions, which older references classified as
3687:
Sampaguita Filipino national flower is named from Indian sanskrit Champaka
1494:
in 1500. Afterwards, an alliance was formed between the newly established
3822:
3787:
3656:
3648:
3521:
2455:
1737:
1617:
1599:
1408:
1380:
1340:
1308:
1284:
1255:
1239:
1202:
1080:
1044:
989:
961:
895:
875:
Early Philippine states became tributary states of the powerful Buddhist
852:
667:
621:
601:
597:
456:
452:
440:
3817:
3221:
1970:
1915:, prior to the arrival of European colonial empires in the 16th century
1866:
1854:
1850:
1797:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1759:
1736:
pose inside an oval nimbus. Scholars also noted that there is a strong
1679:
1479:
1442:
1396:
1246:
in Chicago, and is dated from the period 13th to early 14th centuries.
1079:
pose inside an oval nimbus. Scholars also noted that there is a strong
995:
Surviving Buddhist images and sculptures are primarily found in and at
977:
965:
957:
941:
903:
661:
646:
585:
559:
483:
1701:– This is bronze statue of Lokesvara was found in Isla Puting Bato in
1213:
The archipelagoes of Southeast Asia were under the influence of Hindu
3797:
3552:
3505:
2068:
1928:
1878:
1830:
1815:
1801:
1767:
1763:
1751:
1747:
1729:
1717:
1708:
1685:
1476:
1416:
1358:
1280:
1263:
1259:
1214:
1072:
1025:
1017:
1013:
953:
915:
860:
731:
655:
589:
574:
2640:"A Buddhist Image from Karitunan Site, Calatagan, Batangas Province"
69:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
4384:
3977:
3813:
Ibalong epic of Bicol based on Indian epics Ramayana and Mahabharta
2570:"Outline Review of Philippine Archaeology by Islands and Provinces"
1407:
hearten back to this era as the most complete local version of the
810:
were sidelined to make way for war preparations against occupiers.
3719:
Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
3558:
1985:
1965:
1771:
1725:
1712:
1526:
1464:
1458:
1376:
1288:
1184:
1175:
1068:
1064:
1040:
1029:
1021:
945:
889:
839:
740:
735:
719:
715:
635:
626:
569:
543:
536:
460:
383:
2719:
Prehispanic Source Materials: for the study of Philippine History
1874:
1819:
1805:
1721:
1692:
1688:
1291:
is integrated with those found in Buddhism of Java and Sumatra.
1060:
1048:
937:
447:
included a variety of faiths, of which the dominant faiths were
4388:
3981:
3315:
2771:
1437:
The Tigmamanukan was a blue and black bird (believed to be the
1024:
country with a Buddhist monarchy that had regular contact with
894:
Example of what Maise believes to be a cave painting depicting
3818:
Darangen epic of Maranao people based on Indian epics Ramayana
1829:
was discovered in 1918 in Esperanza, Agusan by Bilay Campos a
1419:) epic saga that survived to the modern day, as albeit highly
678:
34:
2976:
Christian and Missionary Alliance Churches of the Philippines
2653:. Asian Center, University of the Philippines Diliman: 13–22.
2625:
Dang, V T; Vu, Q H (1977). "Excavation at Giong Ca Vo site".
2599:. Asian Center, University of the Philippines Diliman: 21–45.
478:
The original faith of the people of the Philippines were the
3803:
Hudhud - the Ifugao epic based on the Indian epic Mahabharta
1902:
1808:
the crude bronze statue indicates of its local reproduction.
1287:) tradition found in Java, in which the religious aspect of
782:. By exchanging the native prayers and spells with Catholic
772:. At the onset of the colonial era, the suppression of the
120:
2515:
Agusan Image Documents, Agusan-Surigao Historical Archives.
1833:
tribeswoman. The Golden Tara was eventually brought to the
2738:
Barangay: Sixteenth-century Philippine Culture and Society
1012:
recorded the first appearance of a tributary mission from
3793:
Filipino martial arts inspired by the Indian martial arts
507:
findings believed to have religious significance are the
2407:
Conquest and Pestilence in the Early Spanish Philippines
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
1144:
Malasumbang – 29th night; getting ready for the new moon
3788:
Kudyapi guitar influenced by the Indian classical music
3388:
Indian cultural influences in early Philippine polities
2394:
Teodoro Agoncillo, History of the Filipino People, p 22
968:
of unknown origin scattered about in the tangled wilds.
58:
3082:
Evangelical Methodist Church in the Philippine Islands
1792:
has been found by Beyer in 1921 in an ancient site in
1661:
and its influences on the Philippines's early states.
726:. It is also used to refer to spirits, including the
2961:
Bastion of Truth Reformed Churches in the Philippines
2116:
2114:
3049:
Philippines General Council of the Assemblies of God
1463:
The extent of the Bruneian Empire and the spread of
4720:
4680:
4422:
4313:
4273:
4015:
3843:
3756:
3695:
3647:
3594:
3520:
3477:
3347:
3293:
3270:
3247:
3207:
3179:
3157:
3119:
3057:
3044:
Pentecostal Missionary Church of Christ (4th Watch)
3014:
2946:
2928:
2919:
2878:
2869:
2842:
2820:
2805:
3301:Atheism, Agnosticism and other forms of Irreligion
3029:Church of the Foursquare Gospel in the Philippines
1665:Some of the iconography and artifacts are exampled
776:and the native Filipino religion gave rise to the
519:, dated to around 900 CE, which uses the Buddhist–
482:. Belief systems within these distinct polytheist-
3667:Influence of Indian languages on Tagalog language
3342:India-related topics in Philippines articles
1740:orientation in the image, since the Boddhisattva
1238:(sometimes referred to as Golden Tara), found in
2763:Paul Morrow's THE LAGUNA COPPERPLATE INSCRIPTION
2153:"'Great Sphinx' Found in Tabon Caves in Palawan"
988:in the 13th century, and they brought with them
515:. The earliest written evidence comes from the
3739:Business process outsourcing in the Philippines
3682:Sanskrit language loanwords in Cebuano language
3672:Sanskrit language loanwords in Tagalog language
3144:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1650:List of India-related topics in the Philippines
1251:
1172:List of India-related topics in the Philippines
950:
3902:Parul Shah (Binibining Pilipinas Tourism 2014)
3662:Indian loanwords in various Filipino languages
3285:Unión Espiritista Cristiana de Filipinas, Inc.
3280:Philippine Benevolent Missionaries Association
1573:'"Account of the Various Barbarians"')
1043:as shown in the origin of most languages from
1028:and intermittent contact with China under the
649:regions, shamanistic and animistic beliefs in
4400:
3993:
3892:Janina San Miguel (Binibining Pilipinas 2008)
3360:History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia
3327:
2783:
2452:Art Exhibit: Philippines' 'Gold of Ancestors'
1657:The artifacts reflect the iconography of the
1120:Hitaas na an subang – high new moon (3rd day)
421:
8:
3768:Pre-Spanish Indian traditions of Philippines
3677:Tamil language loanwords in Tagalog language
2981:Christian Reformed Church in the Philippines
2027:Jalandoni, Andrea; Taçon, Paul S.C. (2018).
1221:and Indonesian traders through the ports of
3532:had Indianized Hindu and Buddhist influence
2194:
2192:
1711:The Ancient Batangueños were influenced by
1568:
931:
580:Some worship specific deities, such as the
4407:
4393:
4385:
4000:
3986:
3978:
3967:Dr. Josephine Acosta Pasricha (Indologist)
3760:
3699:
3598:
3481:
3334:
3320:
3312:
3102:United Church of Christ in the Philippines
2925:
2875:
2826:
2817:
2790:
2776:
2768:
2670:(3). Ateneo de Manila University: 390–400.
2479:Political and Historical Writings (Vol. 7)
2273:
428:
414:
98:
3778:National Assembly of the Philippines Hall
3628:Visa requirements for Philippine citizens
3072:Convention of Philippine Baptist Churches
2558:
2504:Agusan Gold Image only in the Philippines
2491:
2223:
2080:
1788:– A crude bronze statue of a Hindu Deity
85:Learn how and when to remove this message
3888:Dang Cecilio (Binibining Pilipinas 1979)
3872:Foreign citizens residing in Philippines
2481:. Manila: National Historical Institute.
2335:
2065:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion
1129:Dayaw/paghipono/takdul/ugsan – full moon
914:, a superintendent of maritime trade in
18:Religion in the pre-colonial Philippines
3773:Filipino pre-colonial styles and titles
3584:Nanak Darbar Indian Sikh Temple, Iloilo
2524:
1997:
762:were shamans and spiritual leaders and
326:
241:
195:
130:
110:
3001:Presbyterian Church of the Philippines
2966:Bread of Life Ministries International
2956:Baptist Bible Fellowship International
2660:"A Note on the Golden Image of Agusan"
2627:Journal of Southeast Asian Archaeology
2613:
2602:
2377:
2366:
2285:
2099:from the original on February 19, 2019
2082:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.638
952:The country of Mai is to the north of
567:nature spirits later became known as "
4812:History of the Philippines (900–1565)
3897:Venus Raj (Binibining Pilipinas 2010)
3734:Business process outsourcing to India
3616:Visa requirements for Indian citizens
3506:Cainta historic settlement of Indians
2996:Philippine Chinese Baptist Convention
2323:
2261:
2120:
1869:, however, in India's epic poem, the
1467:in Southeast Asia in the 15th century
7:
3825:(fingernail dance of Sulu and Sabah)
3714:from Haryana imported to Philippine
3530:Religion in pre-colonial Philippines
3501:Indian settlement in the Philippines
3217:Indigenous Philippine folk religions
1891:images – Padmapani is also known as
1750:of Palawan- The other finds are the
1678:, or omega-shaped gold ornaments in
1365:. In addition, many verses from the
1083:orientation in the image, since the
800:indigenous Philippine folk religions
541:Wooden images of ancestral spirits (
533:Indigenous Philippine folk religions
527:Indigenous Philippine folk religions
480:Indigenous Philippine folk religions
465:Indigenous Philippine folk religions
3139:Members Church of God International
3077:Episcopal Church in the Philippines
1482:(who is an ancestor of the current
3962:Dr. Juan R. Francisco (Indologist)
3657:Indianized ancient Filipino script
3087:Lutheran Church in the Philippines
2583:(34). Bureau of Printing: 205–374.
2059:Acri, Andrea (December 20, 2018).
1258:, and fits in well with the name "
1138:Parik – 5th or 6th night of waning
25:
1441:) which served as a messenger of
918:province wrote the book entitled
718:is a collective name for the pre-
604:. These practices coincided with
4775:
4766:
4765:
4368:
4359:
4358:
3867:Ethnic groups in the Philippines
2133:Camperspoint: History of Palawan
879:empire that controlled trade in
756:During the pre-Hispanic period,
683:
397:
39:
3574:Deities of Philippine mythology
3365:Tabon Caves Garuda Gold Pendant
2986:Day by Day Christian Ministries
1961:Deities of Philippine mythology
1835:Field Museum of Natural History
1766:, the bird who is the mount of
1423:from the 17th century onwards.
1361:) is the legendary bird of the
1244:Field Museum of Natural History
1123:Balining – the 4th or 5th night
4733:British Indian Ocean Territory
4326:British Indian Ocean Territory
3907:Ramon Bagatsing (Manila mayor)
3862:Indian surnames in Philippines
3857:List of Filipino-Indian people
3375:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
3034:Jesus Is Lord Church Worldwide
2971:Christ's Commission Fellowship
2893:Patriarchate of Constantinople
2543:"Gold in early Southeast Asia"
1921:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
1909:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
1596:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
1590:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
1549:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
1126:Odto na anbalan – quarter moon
517:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
1:
2857:Philippine Independent Church
2736:Scott, William Henry (1994).
2717:Scott, William Henry (1984).
2588:Churchill, Malcolm H (1977).
2577:Philippine Journal of Science
2238:Government of the Philippines
1539:Early foreign written records
1295:Folklore, arts and literature
847:, from Buddhist heartland in
3067:Charismatic Episcopal Church
3006:Victory Christian Fellowship
2938:Seventh-day Adventist Church
1375:are derived from the Indian
653:and mythical creatures like
4807:Religion in the Philippines
4802:Hinduism in the Philippines
3957:José W. Diokno (politician)
3784:behind the president's seat
3606:India–Philippines relations
3564:Hinduism in the Philippines
3541:Buddhism in the Philippines
3413:Maynila (historical entity)
2799:Religion in the Philippines
2694:Saunders, Graham E (2013).
2560:10.4000/archeosciences.2072
2142:. Accessed August 27, 2008.
1976:Hinduism in the Philippines
1956:Buddhism in the Philippines
1709:Buddha Amithaba bass relief
1634:Hinduism in the Philippines
1156:Hinduism in the Philippines
1117:Gimat/ungut – full crescent
820:Buddhism in the Philippines
65:the claims made and adding
31:Religion in the Philippines
4828:
3947:Sharmaine Arnaiz (actress)
3937:Melanie Marquez (director)
3611:Tourism in the Philippines
3579:Philippine folk literature
3548:Hinduism in Southeast Asia
3536:Buddhism in Southeast Asia
3149:The Church of Almighty God
2880:Philippine Orthodox Church
2638:Francisco, Juan R (1963).
2541:Bennett, Anna T N (2009).
1981:History of the Philippines
1838:
1627:
1587:
1579:- Spanish written accounts
1452:
1430:
1153:
1132:Madulumdulum – waning moon
1097:
845:Buddhist expansion in Asia
817:
588:, and his children Adlaw,
530:
113:Culture of the Philippines
28:
4761:
4354:
3917:Cassandra Ponti (actress)
3912:Raymond Bagatsing (actor)
3823:Pangalay or Daling Daling
3763:
3723:Philippine Carabao Center
3702:
3601:
3484:
2852:Apostolic Catholic Church
2829:
2658:Francisco, Juan (1963b).
2404:A. Newson, Linda (2009).
2138:January 15, 2009, at the
1564:
1439:Philippine Fairy Bluebird
1391:Buddhist-Hindu influences
1323:Josephine Acosta Pasricha
1301:The Tortoise and the Hare
1055:from the municipality of
927:
692:This section needs to be
4482:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
4075:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
3782:ancient Hindu saint Manu
3462:Tondo (Historical State)
3447:Sultanate of Maguindanao
1521:in northern Tundun (now
1455:Islam in the Philippines
445:pre-colonial Philippines
4743:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
4336:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3932:Gardo Versoza (actress)
3922:Chanda Romero (actress)
3707:Maritime Southeast Asia
3469:Battle of Manila (1762)
3355:Maritime Southeast Asia
3237:Iglesia Watawat ng Lahi
3134:Kingdom of Jesus Christ
3107:United Methodist Church
2888:Patriarchate of Antioch
2568:Beyer, H Otley (1947).
2073:Oxford University Press
1814:– Excavated in 1921 in
1534:Historiographic sources
881:Maritime Southeast Asia
798:proposed to revive the
790:Revitalization attempts
104:Part of a series on the
3927:Dawn Zulueta (actress)
2898:Patriarchate of Moscow
2675:Halili, Maria (2010).
2612:Cite journal requires
2376:Cite journal requires
1916:
1786:Bronze Ganesha statues
1513:in the south (now the
1468:
1277:
1236:golden image of Agusan
1210:
1182:
976:immigrants arrived in
970:
907:
868:
730:, deceased ancestors,
555:
125:
3952:Zia Marquez (actress)
3039:Jesus Miracle Crusade
2185:on November 23, 2009.
2179:"Timeline of history"
1913:Hinduism in Indonesia
1906:
1857:was found in 1981 in
1839:Further information:
1462:
1188:
1179:
972:In the 12th century,
893:
843:
796:Philippine Revolution
722:belief system in the
540:
384:Sport and martial art
124:
29:Further information:
4657:United Arab Emirates
4250:United Arab Emirates
3569:Philippine mythology
3403:Kedatuan of Madja-as
2844:Independent Catholic
2477:Rizal, Jose (2000).
2206:on January 15, 2009.
2006:"Angono Petroglyphs"
1951:Precolonial barangay
1853:- The golden-vessel
1475:, under the rule of
1357:(akin to the Indian
1283:of the Siva-Buddha (
1020:as a small maritime
887:to the Philippines.
808:indigenous religions
636:witches and warlocks
521:Hindu lunar calendar
224:Fashion and clothing
4684:limited recognition
4277:limited recognition
3452:Sultanate of Buayan
3386:in Philippines and
3129:Jehovah's Witnesses
3024:Cathedral of Praise
2061:"Maritime Buddhism"
1812:Mactan Alokitesvara
1525:.) Islamization of
1500:Sultanate of Brunei
1498:(Selurong) and the
1090:was also depicted.
1039:were influenced by
1001:Journey to the West
859:(green arrow), and
255:Cultural Properties
196:Arts and literature
3780:has the statue of
3633:Filipinos in India
3418:Kingdom of Namayan
3384:Indianized kingdom
3092:The Salvation Army
2696:History for Brunei
2677:Philippine History
2664:Philippine Studies
2353:CIA World Factbook
1917:
1744:was also depicted.
1659:Vajrayana Buddhism
1638:Vajrayana Buddhism
1496:Kingdom of Maynila
1490:), subjugated the
1469:
1443:Bathalang Maykapal
1211:
1183:
1094:Lunar observations
1006:The Chinese annal
908:
885:Vajrayana Buddhism
869:
828:Vajrayana Buddhism
802:and make them the
556:
509:Angono Petroglyphs
404:Philippines portal
265:Historical markers
166:indigenous peoples
126:
50:possibly contains
4789:
4788:
4726:other territories
4416:Hinduism in Asia
4382:
4381:
4319:other territories
4009:Buddhism in Asia
3975:
3974:
3839:
3838:
3752:
3751:
3643:
3642:
3516:
3515:
3457:Sultanate of Sulu
3423:Rajahnate of Cebu
3408:Kingdom of Butuan
3309:
3308:
3175:
3174:
3167:Iglesia ni Cristo
3115:
3114:
2915:
2914:
2865:
2864:
2288:, pp. 46–47.
2159:. August 12, 2015
2033:Rock Art Research
1762:, is an image of
1758:in the island of
1686:Copper Buddhas of
1624:Ancient artifacts
1571:
1319:Juan R. Francisco
1114:Subang – new moon
1108:Buddhist Calendar
940:on the island of
934:
910:In 1225, China's
832:Mahayana Buddhism
804:national religion
728:household deities
713:
712:
564:indigenous tribes
547:) in a museum in
438:
437:
95:
94:
87:
52:original research
16:(Redirected from
4819:
4779:
4769:
4768:
4738:Christmas Island
4424:Sovereign states
4409:
4402:
4395:
4386:
4372:
4362:
4361:
4331:Christmas Island
4017:Sovereign states
4002:
3995:
3988:
3979:
3761:
3744:Indian Companies
3700:
3623:Tourism in India
3599:
3482:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3313:
2926:
2876:
2871:Eastern Orthodox
2827:
2818:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2769:
2751:
2732:
2713:
2690:
2671:
2654:
2644:
2634:
2621:
2615:
2610:
2608:
2600:
2594:
2584:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2528:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2459:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2379:
2374:
2372:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2312:
2306:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2208:
2207:
2202:. Archived from
2196:
2187:
2186:
2181:. Archived from
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2149:
2143:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2084:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2002:
1728:. The pot shows
1699:Bronze Lokesvara
1572:
1569:
1566:
1492:Kingdom of Tondo
1488:Hassanal Bolkiah
1484:Sultan of Brunei
1332:Maharadia Lawana
1275:
1223:Malay-Indonesian
1071:. The pot shows
986:Majapahit Empire
948:. In it he said:
935:
932:
929:
746:Folk Catholicism
708:
705:
699:
687:
686:
679:
606:ancestor worship
494:Folk Catholicism
475:, among others.
469:Folk Catholicism
430:
423:
416:
401:
330:
114:
105:
99:
90:
83:
79:
76:
70:
67:inline citations
43:
42:
35:
21:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4785:
4757:
4725:
4716:
4697:Northern Cyprus
4683:
4676:
4418:
4413:
4383:
4378:
4350:
4318:
4309:
4290:Northern Cyprus
4276:
4269:
4011:
4006:
3976:
3971:
3852:Indian Filipino
3835:
3748:
3691:
3639:
3590:
3512:
3473:
3343:
3340:
3310:
3305:
3289:
3266:
3243:
3203:
3181:
3171:
3153:
3111:
3053:
3010:
2942:
2911:
2861:
2838:
2834:Catholic Church
2809:
2801:
2796:
2759:
2754:
2748:
2735:
2729:
2716:
2710:
2693:
2687:
2674:
2657:
2642:
2637:
2624:
2611:
2601:
2592:
2587:
2572:
2567:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2502:
2498:
2490:
2486:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2429:
2425:
2418:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2389:
2375:
2365:
2358:
2356:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2334:
2330:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2296:
2292:
2284:
2280:
2274:Francisco 1963b
2272:
2268:
2260:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2234:
2230:
2222:
2211:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2160:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2140:Wayback Machine
2131:
2127:
2119:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2093:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2011:
2009:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1946:
1847:
1841:Tara (Buddhism)
1794:Puerto Princesa
1730:Buddha Amithaba
1652:
1626:
1592:
1586:
1541:
1536:
1473:Bruneian Empire
1457:
1451:
1435:
1429:
1393:
1329:version is the
1297:
1276:
1270:
1256:Sivaite goddess
1174:
1152:
1147:
1110:
1098:Main articles:
1096:
1073:Buddha Amithaba
838:
836:Tara (Buddhism)
816:
792:
754:
709:
703:
700:
697:
688:
684:
677:
665:(dwarves), and
584:supreme deity,
577:in the region.
535:
529:
434:
402:
328:
307:Public holidays
112:
103:
91:
80:
74:
71:
56:
44:
40:
33:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4825:
4823:
4815:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4794:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4773:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4727:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4688:
4686:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4428:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4389:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4366:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4322:
4320:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4281:
4279:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4021:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3982:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3886:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3775:
3764:
3758:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3712:Murrah buffalo
3709:
3703:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3653:
3651:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3608:
3602:
3596:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3533:
3526:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3485:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3442:Rajah Sulayman
3439:
3434:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3357:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3316:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3276:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3253:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3185:
3183:
3180:Non-Christian
3177:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3163:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3121:Nontrinitarian
3117:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3063:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3020:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2991:Destiny Church
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2848:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2815:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2758:
2757:External links
2755:
2753:
2752:
2747:978-9715501354
2746:
2740:. UP Hawai'i.
2733:
2728:978-9711002268
2727:
2714:
2709:978-1136874086
2708:
2691:
2686:978-9712356360
2685:
2672:
2655:
2635:
2622:
2614:|journal=
2585:
2565:
2553:(33): 99–107.
2547:ArchéoSciences
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2517:
2508:
2496:
2492:Francisco 1963
2484:
2469:
2460:
2444:
2435:
2423:
2416:
2396:
2387:
2378:|journal=
2340:
2328:
2316:
2307:
2303:978-9715425148
2290:
2278:
2266:
2254:
2240:
2228:
2224:Churchill 1977
2209:
2188:
2170:
2144:
2125:
2110:
2091:
2051:
2042:
2019:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1937:Medang Kingdom
1901:
1900:
1893:Avalokitesvara
1882:
1851:Golden Kinnari
1848:
1823:
1809:
1783:
1745:
1742:Avalokitesvara
1706:
1696:
1683:
1625:
1622:
1588:Main article:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1552:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1519:Raja Lakandula
1507:Rajah Suleyman
1450:
1447:
1431:Main article:
1428:
1425:
1405:Maranao people
1392:
1389:
1363:Maranao people
1339:of Hindu Epic
1296:
1293:
1272:H. Otley Beyer
1268:
1262:" (signifying
1199:Agusan del Sur
1151:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1104:Hindu Calendar
1100:Lunar Calendar
1095:
1092:
1088:Avalokitesvara
1032:named Kiling.
960:live in large
849:northern India
815:
812:
791:
788:
753:
750:
711:
710:
691:
689:
682:
676:
673:
531:Main article:
528:
525:
505:archaeological
436:
435:
433:
432:
425:
418:
410:
407:
406:
394:
393:
392:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
333:
332:
324:
323:
322:
321:
316:
315:
314:
304:
299:
298:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
267:
262:
257:
252:
244:
243:
239:
238:
237:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
198:
197:
193:
192:
191:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
169:
168:
163:
153:
152:
151:
141:
133:
132:
128:
127:
117:
116:
108:
107:
93:
92:
47:
45:
38:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4824:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4772:
4764:
4763:
4760:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4723:
4719:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4707:South Ossetia
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4679:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4410:
4405:
4403:
4398:
4396:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4365:
4357:
4356:
4353:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4316:
4312:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4300:South Ossetia
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4272:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4003:
3998:
3996:
3991:
3989:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3877:Indian people
3875:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3832:
3829:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3755:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3593:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3494:Greater India
3492:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3437:Rajah Matanda
3435:
3432:
3428:
3427:Rajah Humabon
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3337:
3332:
3330:
3325:
3323:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3178:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2812:denominations
2808:
2804:
2800:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2781:
2779:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2724:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2647:Asian Studies
2641:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2606:
2598:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2526:
2521:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2485:
2480:
2473:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2431:Antoon Postma
2427:
2424:
2419:
2417:9780824832728
2413:
2410:. UP Hawaii.
2409:
2408:
2400:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2383:
2370:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2338:, p. 41.
2337:
2336:Saunders 2013
2332:
2329:
2325:
2320:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2305:, pp xxiv–xxv
2304:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2255:
2250:
2249:"Golden Tara"
2244:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2171:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2129:
2126:
2123:, p. 68.
2122:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2098:
2094:
2092:9780199340378
2088:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1992:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1933:Antoon Postma
1930:
1926:
1925:Barangay Wawa
1922:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1873:, and in the
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1748:Golden Garuda
1746:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1724:, India, and
1723:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1703:Tondo, Manila
1700:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1646:Indianisation
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1606:Antoon Postma
1603:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1583:
1578:
1575:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1511:Rajah Matanda
1508:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1434:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1314:According to
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:Indianisation
1161:
1157:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1051:medallion in
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1004:
1002:
998:
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
949:
947:
943:
939:
925:
921:
917:
913:
905:
901:
897:
892:
888:
886:
882:
878:
873:
866:
862:
858:
855:(red arrow),
854:
850:
846:
842:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
813:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
789:
787:
785:
781:
780:
775:
771:
767:
766:
761:
760:
751:
749:
747:
743:
742:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
707:
695:
690:
681:
680:
674:
672:
670:
669:
664:
663:
658:
657:
652:
648:
643:
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:
623:
619:
615:
611:
610:ethnic groups
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
578:
576:
572:
571:
565:
561:
554:
550:
546:
545:
539:
534:
526:
524:
522:
518:
514:
513:Neolithic age
510:
506:
503:The earliest
501:
499:
495:
490:
485:
481:
476:
474:
473:Folk Hinduism
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
431:
426:
424:
419:
417:
412:
411:
409:
408:
405:
400:
396:
395:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
336:
335:
334:
331:
325:
320:
317:
313:
310:
309:
308:
305:
303:
300:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
272:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
247:
246:
245:
240:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
200:
199:
194:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
167:
164:
162:
161:ethnic groups
159:
158:
157:
154:
150:
149:sign language
147:
146:
145:
142:
140:
137:
136:
135:
134:
129:
123:
119:
118:
115:
109:
106:
101:
100:
97:
89:
86:
78:
68:
64:
60:
54:
53:
48:This article
46:
37:
36:
32:
27:
19:
4722:Dependencies
4652:Turkmenistan
4617:Saudi Arabia
4315:Dependencies
4245:Turkmenistan
4210:Saudi Arabia
3529:
3189:Bahá'í Faith
3097:Unida Church
2807:Christianity
2737:
2718:
2695:
2676:
2667:
2663:
2650:
2646:
2630:
2626:
2605:cite journal
2596:
2580:
2576:
2550:
2546:
2525:Bennett 2009
2520:
2511:
2499:
2487:
2478:
2472:
2463:
2447:
2438:
2426:
2406:
2399:
2390:
2369:cite journal
2357:. Retrieved
2343:
2331:
2319:
2310:
2293:
2281:
2269:
2257:
2243:
2231:
2204:the original
2183:the original
2173:
2161:. Retrieved
2156:
2147:
2128:
2101:. Retrieved
2064:
2054:
2045:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2010:. Retrieved
2000:
1778:in Southern
1776:Mekong Delta
1675:
1664:
1663:
1656:
1653:
1630:Buddhist art
1604:
1593:
1554:
1542:
1505:
1470:
1436:
1433:Tigmamanukan
1427:Tigmamanukan
1403:epic of the
1400:
1394:
1366:
1353:version and
1344:
1330:
1313:
1298:
1278:
1252:
1248:
1230:followed by
1212:
1191:Agusan image
1085:Boddhisattva
1035:The Ancient
1034:
1008:
1005:
994:
971:
951:
919:
909:
874:
870:
824:Buddhist Art
793:
783:
777:
773:
770:medicine men
763:
757:
755:
752:Folk healers
739:
714:
701:
693:
666:
660:
659:(vampires),
654:
644:
639:
625:
579:
568:
557:
542:
502:
477:
439:
349:Coat of arms
204:Architecture
178:Value system
102:
96:
81:
72:
49:
26:
4781:Asia portal
4682:States with
4602:Philippines
4542:South Korea
4537:North Korea
4432:Afghanistan
4374:Asia portal
4275:States with
4195:Philippines
4135:South Korea
4130:North Korea
4025:Afghanistan
3942:Pepe Diokno
3727:Nueva Ecija
3370:Golden Tara
3227:Bell Church
3209:Ethnic/Folk
3016:Pentecostal
2948:Evangelical
2721:. New Day.
2359:January 13,
2286:Halili 2010
2236:Golden Tara
2200:"Tribhanga"
2163:February 9,
2039:(1): 47–61.
1871:Mahabharata
1863:Lotus Sutra
1827:Golden Tara
1756:Tabon Caves
1614:Old Tagalog
1577:Boxer Codex
1556:Zhu Fan Zhi
1471:The Muslim
1413:Maguindanao
1385:Mahabharata
1316:Indologists
1305:Mahabharata
1207:Philippines
1168:Golden Tara
1037:Batangueños
982:Indonesians
920:Zhu Fan Zhi
900:Tabon Caves
724:Philippines
640:mangkukulam
553:Philippines
489:Catholicism
4796:Categories
4662:Uzbekistan
4637:Tajikistan
4552:Kyrgyzstan
4532:Kazakhstan
4452:Bangladesh
4442:Azerbaijan
4255:Uzbekistan
4230:Tajikistan
4145:Kyrgyzstan
4125:Kazakhstan
4045:Bangladesh
4035:Azerbaijan
3489:Indosphere
3431:Singhapala
3294:Irreligion
3232:Rizalistas
3182:monotheism
2921:Protestant
2324:Scott 1994
2262:Beyer 1947
2121:Scott 1984
1993:References
1676:lingling-o
1671:Lingling-o
1642:Indosphere
1628:See also:
1515:Intramuros
1453:See also:
1160:Indosphere
1154:See also:
1053:bas-relief
997:Tabon Cave
912:Zhao Rugua
818:See also:
765:mananambal
734:-spirits,
651:witchcraft
618:Mananambal
498:Folk Islam
449:polytheist
369:Great Seal
275:newspapers
229:Literature
188:Honorifics
59:improve it
4748:Hong Kong
4702:Palestine
4627:Sri Lanka
4622:Singapore
4502:Indonesia
4341:Hong Kong
4295:Palestine
4220:Sri Lanka
4215:Singapore
4095:Indonesia
3478:Geography
3398:Majapahit
3393:Srivijaya
3159:Unitarian
2930:Adventist
2700:Routledge
2157:MetroCebu
1885:Padmapani
1845:Mahavidya
1774:, in the
1738:Mahayanic
1734:tribhanga
1421:Islamized
1355:Sarimanok
1264:"phallus"
1232:Majapahit
1228:Srivijaya
1195:Esperanza
1081:Mahayanic
1077:tribhanga
1057:Calatagan
1009:Song Shih
877:Srivijaya
865:Vajrayāna
857:Theravāda
784:oraciones
779:albularyo
774:babaylans
704:July 2023
596:, or the
441:Religions
312:festivals
302:Mythology
75:June 2019
63:verifying
4771:Category
4692:Abkhazia
4642:Thailand
4597:Pakistan
4577:Mongolia
4572:Maldives
4567:Malaysia
4467:Cambodia
4364:Category
4285:Abkhazia
4235:Thailand
4190:Pakistan
4170:Mongolia
4165:Maldives
4160:Malaysia
4060:Cambodia
3649:Language
3595:Politics
3522:Religion
3262:Hinduism
3257:Buddhism
3059:Mainline
2822:Catholic
2633:: 30–37.
2456:Newsweek
2349:"Brunei"
2136:Archived
2097:Archived
2008:. UNESCO
1944:See also
1618:Sanskrit
1610:old Kavi
1600:Vaisakha
1409:Ramayana
1397:Darangen
1383:and the
1381:Ramayana
1341:Ramayana
1309:Ramayana
1307:and the
1285:Bhairava
1269:—
1240:Mindanao
1219:Gujarati
1203:Mindanao
1150:Hinduism
1045:Sanskrit
990:Buddhism
962:villages
896:Manjusri
853:Mahāyāna
814:Buddhism
759:babaylan
720:Hispanic
668:bakonawa
622:midwives
602:Kan-Laon
575:Hinduism
457:Hinduism
453:Buddhism
374:Language
295:Internet
260:Folklore
173:Religion
144:Language
4667:Vietnam
4582:Myanmar
4562:Lebanon
4492:Georgia
4447:Bahrain
4437:Armenia
4260:Vietnam
4175:Myanmar
4155:Lebanon
4085:Georgia
4040:Bahrain
4030:Armenia
3848:People
3831:Cuisine
3757:Culture
3696:Economy
3555:(Asura)
3348:History
3222:Pulahan
3199:Judaism
2679:. Rex.
2534:Sources
2103:May 30,
1867:centaur
1859:Surigao
1855:kinnari
1800:and in
1798:Palawan
1790:Ganesha
1780:Vietnam
1760:Palawan
1732:in the
1680:Batanes
1561:Chinese
1480:Bolkiah
1401:Singkil
1371:of the
1368:Hud-Hud
1351:Ilocano
1349:is the
1346:Lam-Ang
1327:Maranao
1205:in the
1075:in the
984:of the
978:Palawan
966:Buddhas
958:natives
942:Mindoro
924:Chinese
904:Palawan
861:Tantric
741:diwatas
694:updated
662:duwende
647:Visayan
645:In the
632:shamans
598:Visayan
586:Bathala
582:Tagalog
570:diwatas
560:animist
484:animist
329:Symbols
250:Cuisine
183:Kinship
139:History
131:Society
57:Please
4712:Taiwan
4647:Turkey
4612:Russia
4547:Kuwait
4527:Jordan
4517:Israel
4477:Cyprus
4462:Brunei
4457:Bhutan
4305:Taiwan
4240:Turkey
4205:Russia
4140:Kuwait
4120:Jordan
4110:Israel
4070:Cyprus
4055:Brunei
4050:Bhutan
3844:People
3559:Diwata
3553:Aswang
3272:Others
3249:Indian
2744:
2725:
2706:
2683:
2414:
2355:. 2011
2301:
2089:
2069:Oxford
2012:May 2,
1966:Diwata
1929:Lumban
1879:Purana
1831:Manobo
1816:Mactan
1802:Mactan
1768:Vishnu
1764:Garuda
1752:garuda
1718:Buddha
1648:, and
1616:, and
1563::
1477:Sultan
1417:Ravana
1379:epics
1373:Ifugao
1359:Garuda
1337:Rāvaṇa
1335:(King
1274:, 1947
1260:Butuan
1170:, and
1106:, and
1067:, and
1026:Champa
1018:Butuan
1014:Butuan
956:. The
954:Borneo
926::
916:Fukien
834:, and
736:nymphs
732:nature
656:aswang
600:deity
592:, and
590:Mayari
549:Bontoc
459:, and
359:Flower
339:Anthem
319:Sports
285:cinema
214:Comics
156:People
4753:Macau
4672:Yemen
4632:Syria
4607:Qatar
4587:Nepal
4522:Japan
4497:India
4487:Egypt
4472:China
4346:Macau
4265:Yemen
4225:Syria
4200:Qatar
4180:Nepal
4115:Japan
4090:India
4080:Egypt
4065:China
3717:from
3433:city)
3194:Islam
2906:ROCOR
2902:PESEA
2643:(PDF)
2593:(PDF)
2573:(PDF)
1986:Kulam
1897:Nandi
1889:Nandi
1881:part.
1772:Oc Eo
1726:Nepal
1713:India
1551:(LCI)
1527:Luzon
1523:Tondo
1465:Islam
1449:Islam
1377:Hindu
1289:Shiva
1281:Sakti
1215:Tamil
1181:Asia.
1069:Nepal
1065:India
1041:India
1030:Rajah
1022:Hindu
974:Malay
946:Luzon
898:, in
768:were
716:Anito
675:Anito
627:hilot
614:Magic
544:anito
461:Islam
379:Motto
280:radio
270:Media
242:Other
234:Music
219:Dance
4592:Oman
4557:Laos
4512:Iraq
4507:Iran
4185:Oman
4150:Laos
4105:Iraq
4100:Iran
2742:ISBN
2723:ISBN
2704:ISBN
2681:ISBN
2618:help
2412:ISBN
2382:help
2361:2011
2299:ISBN
2165:2016
2105:2021
2087:ISBN
2014:2014
1971:Gabâ
1907:The
1887:and
1875:Veda
1843:and
1825:The
1820:Cebu
1806:Cebu
1722:Siam
1693:Ma-i
1689:Ma-i
1594:The
1570:lit.
1547:The
1509:and
1395:The
1321:and
1189:The
1061:Siam
1049:clay
938:Ma-i
933:lit.
738:and
594:Tala
496:and
389:Tree
354:Flag
344:Bird
209:Arts
4724:and
4317:and
3725:in
3721:to
3429:at
2555:doi
2454:in
2077:doi
1877:'s
1720:in
1584:LCI
1565:諸番志
1399:or
1343:).
944:in
928:諸番志
630:),
620:),
443:in
364:Gem
61:by
4798::
2904:·
2702:.
2698:.
2668:11
2666:.
2662:.
2649:.
2645:.
2631:17
2629:.
2609::
2607:}}
2603:{{
2597:15
2595:.
2581:77
2579:.
2575:.
2551:33
2549:.
2545:.
2373::
2371:}}
2367:{{
2351:.
2212:^
2191:^
2155:.
2113:^
2095:.
2085:.
2075:.
2071::
2067:.
2063:.
2037:35
2035:.
2031:.
1927:,
1818:,
1804:.
1796:,
1644:,
1640:,
1636:,
1632:,
1620:.
1612:,
1567:;
1486:,
1411:.
1387:.
1311:.
1266:).
1217:,
1201:,
1197:,
1166:,
1162:,
1158:,
1102:,
1063:,
1003:.
992:.
930:;
902:,
830:,
826:,
822:,
748:.
634:,
612:.
551:,
523:.
500:.
471:,
467:,
455:,
290:TV
4408:e
4401:t
4394:v
4001:e
3994:t
3987:v
3425:(
3335:e
3328:t
3321:v
2908:)
2900:(
2814:)
2810:(
2791:e
2784:t
2777:v
2750:.
2731:.
2712:.
2689:.
2651:1
2620:)
2616:(
2563:.
2557::
2527:.
2506:.
2494:.
2458:.
2420:.
2384:)
2380:(
2363:.
2326:.
2276:.
2264:.
2251:.
2226:.
2167:.
2107:.
2079::
2016:.
1782:.
1705:.
1682:.
1559:(
1209:.
922:(
906:.
863:-
706:)
702:(
638:(
624:(
429:e
422:t
415:v
88:)
82:(
77:)
73:(
55:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
