476:. The purpose of this company was to create a remote control that could operate multiple electronic devices. The CORE unit (Controller Of Remote Equipment) was introduced in the fall of 1987. The advantage to this remote controller was that it could "learn" remote signals from different devices. It had the ability to perform specific or multiple functions at various times with its built-in clock. It was the first remote control that could be linked to a computer and loaded with updated software code as needed. The CORE unit never made a huge impact on the market. It was much too cumbersome for the average user to program, but it received rave reviews from those who could. These obstacles eventually led to the demise of CL 9, but two of its employees continued the business under the name Celadon. This was one of the first computer-controlled learning remote controls on the market.
410:. Most commercial remote controls at that time had a limited number of functions, sometimes as few as three: next channel, previous channel, and volume/off. This type of control did not meet the needs of Teletext sets, where pages were identified with three-digit numbers. A remote control that selects Teletext pages would need buttons for each numeral from zero to nine, as well as other control functions, such as switching from text to picture, and the normal television controls of volume, channel, brightness, color intensity, etc. Early Teletext sets used wired remote controls to select pages, but the continuous use of the remote control required for Teletext quickly indicated the need for a wireless device. So BBC engineers began talks with one or two television manufacturers, which led to early prototypes in around 1977â1978 that could control many more functions.
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another room or installed in a cabinet, many brands of IR extenders are available for this on the market. Most of these have an IR receiver, picking up the IR signal and relaying it via radio waves to the remote part, which has an IR transmitter mimicking the original IR control. Infrared receivers also tend to have a more or less limited operating angle, which mainly depends on the optical characteristics of the
572:
1100:
551:(IR) light. The signal between a remote control handset and the device it controls consists of pulses of infrared light, which is invisible to the human eye but can be seen through a digital camera, video camera or phone camera. The transmitter in the remote control handset sends out a stream of pulses of infrared light when the user presses a button on the handset. A transmitter is often a
1007:
418:
2180:
365:
983:
707:. The super-regenerative receiver works like that of an intermittent oscillation detection circuit. The superheterodyne works like the one in a radio receiver. The superheterodyne receiver is used because of its stability, high sensitivity and it has relatively good anti-interference ability, a small package and lower price.
1016:
Video game consoles had not used wireless controllers until recently, mainly because of the difficulty involved in playing the game while keeping the infrared transmitter pointed at the console. Early wireless controllers were cumbersome and when powered on alkaline batteries, lasted only a few hours
965:
applications. Any application that supports shortcut keys can be controlled via infrared remote controls from other home devices (TV, VCR, AC). This is widely used with multimedia applications for PC based home theater systems. For this to work, one needs a device that decodes IR remote control data
129:
devices which send digitally-coded pulses of infrared radiation. They control functions such as power, volume, channels, playback, track change, energy, fan speed, and various other features. Remote controls for these devices are usually small wireless handheld objects with an array of buttons. They
654:
Radio remote control (RF remote control) is used to control distant objects using a variety of radio signals transmitted by the remote control device. As a complementary method to infrared remote controls, the radio remote control is used with electric garage door or gate openers, automatic barrier
744:
Garage and gate remote controls are very common, especially in some countries such as the US, Australia, and the UK, where garage doors, gates and barriers are widely used. Such a remote is very simple by design, usually only one button, and some with more buttons to control several gates from one
479:
In the 1990s, cars were increasingly sold with electronic remote control door locks. These remotes transmit a signal to the car which locks or unlocks the door locks or unlocks the trunk. An aftermarket device sold in some countries is the remote starter. This enables a car owner to remotely start
105:
or other digital home media appliance. A remote control can allow operation of devices that are out of convenient reach for direct operation of controls. They function best when used from a short distance. This is primarily a convenience feature for the user. In some cases, remote controls allow a
1017:
before they needed replacement. Some wireless controllers were produced by third parties, in most cases using a radio link instead of infrared. Even these were very inconsistent, and in some cases, had transmission delays, making them virtually useless. Some examples include the Double Player for
997:
Remote controls are used in photography, in particular to take long-exposure shots. Many action cameras such as the GoPros as well as standard DSLRs including Sony's Alpha series incorporate Wi-Fi based remote control systems. These can often be accessed and even controlled via cell-phones and
699:
A radio remote control system commonly has two parts: transmit and receive. The transmitter part is divided into two parts, the RF remote control and the transmitter module. This allows the transmitter module to be used as a component in a larger application. The transmitter module is small, but
633:
Since infrared (IR) remote controls use light, they require line of sight to operate the destination device. The signal can, however, be reflected by mirrors, just like any other light source. If operation is required where no line of sight is possible, for instance when controlling equipment in
595:
can be used to trigger a function. For multi-channel (normal multi-function) remote controls more sophisticated procedures are necessary: one consists of modulating the carrier with signals of different frequencies. After the receiver demodulates the received signal, it applies the appropriate
360:
attached to a circuit that was tuned to the same frequency. Some problems with this method were that the receiver could be triggered accidentally by naturally occurring noises or deliberately by metal against glass, for example, and some people could hear the lower ultrasonic harmonics.
320:
developed Zenith Space
Command, a wireless remote. It was mechanical and used ultrasound to change the channel and volume. When the user pushed a button on the remote control, it struck a bar and clicked, hence they were commonly called "clickers", and the mechanics were similar to a
590:
wavelength LED is typical. This infrared light is not visible to the human eye but picked up by sensors on the receiving device. Video cameras see the diode as if it produces visible purple light. With a single channel (single-function, one-button) remote control the presence of a
527:. Several of these remotes may need to be used sequentially for some programs or services to work properly. However, as there are no accepted interface guidelines, the process is increasingly cumbersome. One solution used to reduce the number of remotes that have to be used is the
1943:"The Dawn of the Drone" Steve Mills 2019 Casemate Publishers. Page 189 "In order further to safeguard against outside interference I may have a number of inertia wheels of variable speed, only one being correctly adjusted to pick up the timed signals and actuate the mechanism."
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and countermeasures against jamming. Jammers are used to disable or sabotage the enemy's use of remote controls. The distances for military remote controls also tend to be much longer, up to intercontinental distance satellite-linked remote controls used by the U.S. for their
877:
engines and controlled remotely from a shore station through several miles of wire wound on a spool on the boat. An aircraft was used to signal directions to the shore station. EMBs carried a high explosive charge in the bow and traveled at speeds of thirty knots. The Soviet
600:
not tuned to a station. Today, IR remote controls almost always use a pulse width modulated code, encoded and decoded by a digital computer: a command from a remote control consists of a short train of pulses of carrier-present and carrier-not-present of varying widths.
749:. If you find dip-switches in the remote, it is likely to be fixed code, an older technology which was widely used. However, fixed codes have been criticized for their (lack of) security, thus rolling code has been more and more widely used in later installations.
1990:
480:
their car. This feature is most associated with countries with winter climates, where users may wish to run the car for several minutes before they intend to use it, so that the car heater and defrost systems can remove ice and snow from the windows.
250:
Mystery
Control (1939) was a battery-operated low-frequency radio transmitter, thus making it the first wireless remote control for a consumer electronics device. Using pulse-count modulation, this also was the first digital wireless remote control.
620:
that, again, can be different for different manufacturers and standards, in the case of RC-5, the carrier is 36 kHz. Other consumer infrared protocols include the various versions of SIRCS used by Sony, the RC-6 from
Philips, the
555:(LED) which is built into the pointing end of the remote control handset. The infrared light pulses form a pattern unique to that button. The receiver in the device recognizes the pattern and causes the device to respond accordingly.
325:. Each of the four bars emitted a different fundamental frequency with ultrasonic harmonics, and circuits in the television detected these sounds and interpreted them as channel-up, channel-down, sound-on/off, and power-on/off.
179:
Wired and wireless remote control was developed in the latter half of the 19th century to meet the need to control unmanned vehicles (for the most part military torpedoes). These included a wired version by German engineer
224:, which demonstrated a standoff range of 2 kilometers. The first remote-controlled model airplane flew in 1932, and the use of remote control technology for military purposes was worked on intensively during the
1997:
974:(Linux IR Remote control) and WinLIRC (for Windows) are software packages developed for the purpose of controlling PC using TV remote and can be also used for homebrew remote with lesser modification.
385:
301:, but the cell did not distinguish between light from the remote and light from other sources. The Flashmatic also had to be pointed very precisely at one of the sensors in order to work.
596:
frequency filters to separate the respective signals. One can often hear the signals being modulated on the infrared carrier by operating a remote control in very close proximity to an
246:
By the late 1930s, several radio manufacturers offered remote controls for some of their higher-end models. Most of these were connected to the set being controlled by wires, but the
1045:
575:
The infrared diode modulates at a speed corresponding to a particular function. When seen through a digital camera, the diode appears to be emitting pulses of purple light.
736:
that sends remote control signals over energized AC power lines. This was used to remotely control home automation before the invention of WIFI connected smart switches.
499:
By the early 2000s, the number of consumer electronic devices in most homes greatly increased, along with the number of remotes to control those devices. According to the
464:
The Blab-off was a wired remote control created in 1952 that turned a TV's (television) sound on or off so that viewers could avoid hearing commercials. In the 1980s
918:(drones) in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Pakistan. Remote controls are used by insurgents in Iraq and Afghanistan to attack coalition and government troops with roadside
851:
843:
1562:
1209:
945:, the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another celestial body. Remote control technology is also used in space travel, for instance, the Soviet
448:) which used 40-kHz sound to change channels. Then, a Canadian company, Viewstar, Inc., was formed by engineer Paul Hrivnak and started producing a cable TV
2212:
1697:
RCA's Wayne Evans, Carl
Moeller and Edward Milbourn tell how digital signals and MOS FET memory modules are used to replace motor-driven tuning controls
535:
manufacturers began incorporating infrared emitters into their devices, thereby enabling their use as universal remotes via an included or downloadable
2162:
1370:
858:
used a variant of the Aerial Target's radio control system to control from âmotherâ aircraft different types of naval vessels including a submarine.
2535:
966:
signals and a PC application that communicates to this device connected to PC. A connection can be made via serial port, USB port or motherboard
804:. Differential speed on the wires connected to the shore station allowed the torpedo to be guided to its target, making it "the world's first
1873:
114:
2088:
1432:
1254:
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can be remotely controlled, though vast distance to a vehicle results in a long time delay between transmission and receipt of a command.
2133:
531:, a remote control that is programmed with the operation codes for most major brands of TVs, DVD players, etc. In the early 2010s, many
456:. The Viewstar converter was an immediate success, the millionth converter being sold on March 21, 1985, with 1.6 million sold by 1989.
616:
that has its origins within
Philips, uses, for instance, a total of 14 bits for each button press. The bit pattern is modulated onto a
259:
1829:
1892:, Tesla, Nikola, "Method of and apparatus for controlling mechanism of moving vessels or vehicles", published 1898-11-08
1335:
1308:
138:. The remote control code, and thus the required remote control device, is usually specific to a product line. However, there are
500:
1536:
274:
31:
1393:
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in 1877 was powered by two contra-rotating propellers that were spun by rapidly pulling out wires from drums wound inside the
2205:
2154:
1482:
1235:
282:
1584:
1183:
769:
Remotely operated torpedoes were demonstrated in the late 19th century in the form of several types of remotely controlled
2530:
2525:
2319:
1018:
184:
in 1870, and radio controlled ones by
British engineer Ernest Wilson and C. J. Evans (1897) and a prototype that inventor
1952:
UK National
Archives ADM 1/8539/253 Capabilities of distantly controlled boats. Reports of trials at Dover 28â31 May 1918
2540:
1121:
1037:
850:. Low's systems encoded the command transmissions as a countermeasure to prevent enemy intervention. By 1918 the secret
65:
1298:
2520:
919:
910:
721:
898:. A teletank is controlled by radio from a control tank at a distance of 500 to 1,500 meters, the two constituting a
1213:
826:
was known as the "father of radio guidance systems" for his pioneering work on guided rockets and planes during the
609:
Different manufacturers of infrared remote controls use different protocols to transmit the infrared commands. The
1511:
1358:
Electrical
Engineering Hall of Fame. Early Developments of Wireless Remote Control: The Telekino of Torres-Quevedo
2401:
2198:
2184:
1357:
1152:
967:
950:
638:. However, it is easy to increase the operating angle using a matte transparent object in front of the receiver.
197:
1795:
686:, meaning they are able to work with many different codings. In this case, the transmitter is normally called a
235:
2474:
2305:
733:
700:
users must have detailed knowledge to use it; combined with the RF remote control it is much simpler to use.
165:
may feature a standalone keyboard on the rear side to facilitate typing, and be usable as a pointing device.
2515:
2330:
2300:
855:
613:
189:
38:
906:. There were also remotely controlled cutters and experimental remotely controlled planes in the Red Army.
488:
399:
The impetus for a more complex type of television remote control came in 1973, with the development of the
1687:
1048:
of gaming consoles, wireless controllers became standard. Some wireless controllers, such as those of the
679:
548:
512:
922:, and terrorists in Iraq are reported in the media to use modified TV remote controls to detonate bombs.
2043:
1022:
970:
connector. Such devices are commercially available but can be homemade using low-cost microcontrollers.
209:
646:
1996:. International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology. Archived from
1889:
866:
552:
389:
201:
94:
2427:
1085:
1072:
To be turned on by a wireless remote, the controlled appliance must always be partly on, consuming
903:
874:
449:
441:
745:
control. Such remotes can be divided into two categories by the encoder type used: fixed code and
2437:
2265:
1723:
1028:
The first official wireless game controller made by a first party manufacturer was the CX-42 for
946:
915:
835:
831:
692:
670:. Most remote controls use their own coding, transmitting from 8 to 100 or more pulses, fixed or
445:
290:
229:
181:
131:
107:
941:
In the winter of 1971, the Soviet Union explored the surface of the Moon with the lunar vehicle
414:
was one of the companies and later gave its name to the ITT protocol of infrared communication.
208:
was able to execute a finite but non-limited set of different mechanical actions using a single
507:
as many as five or six remotes may be required, including one for cable or satellite receiver,
117:
The standard symbol used to denote that it uses infrared as a way to send the signal to devices
2432:
2290:
2275:
2235:
1869:
1331:
1304:
1132:
1105:
962:
659:
655:
systems, burglar alarms and industrial automation systems. Standards used for RF remotes are:
617:
452:
with an infrared remote control. The product was sold through
Philips for approximately $ 190
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1610:
2391:
2315:
1142:
528:
393:
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270:
225:
139:
1930:
757:
57:
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1976:
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635:
524:
453:
411:
349:
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2295:
2245:
1137:
930:
786:
592:
567:
The emission spectrum of a typical sound system remote control is in the near infrared.
381:
98:
842:, A. M. Low was the first person to use radio control successfully on an aircraft, an
720:
A remote control is used for controlling substations, pump storage power stations and
220:
with an effective range of 20 to 30 meters, and guiding a manned electrically powered
113:
2509:
2417:
2383:
2260:
2240:
1411:
1383:
H. R. Everett, Unmanned
Systems of World Wars I and II, MIT Press - 2015, pages 91-95
1278:
H. R. Everett, Unmanned Systems of World Wars I and II, MIT Press - 2015, pages 79-80
1157:
1147:
1073:
1049:
990:
935:
847:
823:
797:
778:
724:-plants. For these systems often PLC-systems working in the longwave range are used.
675:
465:
294:
174:
158:
154:
106:
person to operate a device that they otherwise would not be able to reach, as when a
49:
45:
1540:
690:
because it is able to copy existing remote controls, while the receiver is called a
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2484:
2378:
2358:
1635:
1033:
895:
809:
746:
671:
571:
317:
185:
2151:
1660:
89:) is an electronic device used to operate another device from a distance, usually
1709:
1682:
1287:
H. R. Everett, Unmanned Systems of World Wars I and II, MIT Press - 2015, page 87
2454:
2442:
2335:
2070:
1162:
1116:
902:. The Red Army fielded at least two teletank battalions at the beginning of the
862:
504:
341:
333:
126:
122:
74:
1762:
1006:
834:
and in the same year built the first wire-guided rocket. As head of the secret
703:
The receiver is generally one of two types: a super-regenerative receiver or a
650:
The exterior and interior layout of the remote control for a garage door opener
17:
2373:
2363:
2285:
2107:
1780:
1113:
1099:
1095:
1088:
has been researched as an alternative to remote controls for television sets.
1029:
1010:
987:
942:
887:
846:. It was "piloted" from the ground by future world aerial speed record holder
782:
536:
532:
520:
516:
469:
417:
357:
329:
298:
286:
102:
1021:, the Master System Remote Control System and the Wireless Dual Shot for the
2396:
2280:
2250:
1585:"The buttons on Zenith's original "clicker" remote were a mechanical marvel"
1457:
1057:
817:
656:
587:
493:
345:
146:
2179:
2479:
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2270:
2190:
1061:
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883:
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403:
322:
264:
217:
162:
135:
90:
789:(electric wire guided), and Victor von Scheliha (electric wire guided).
2255:
891:
870:
839:
813:
801:
774:
770:
364:
1796:"Back from the dead: why do 2013's best smartphones have IR blasters?"
982:
861:
The military also developed several early remote control vehicles. In
142:, which emulate the remote control made for most major brand devices.
2489:
1854:
Edwyn Gray, Nineteenth-century torpedoes and their inventors, page 18
1127:
667:
663:
622:
400:
247:
239:
2023:
1433:"A history of the TV remote control as told through its advertising"
1611:"The Lives They Lived - Robert Adler - Remote Control - Television"
1537:"Five Decades of Channel Surfing: History of the TV Remote Control"
281:
The first remote intended to control a television was developed by
2368:
2024:"Wireless Infrared Remote Controller for Multiple Home Appliances"
1005:
981:
929:
756:
487:
416:
303:
269:
258:
234:
150:
112:
64:
56:
2030:(1). International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research
1830:"What is the Wavelength of the Infrared Used in Remote Controls?"
971:
610:
473:
221:
2194:
1724:"Universal Remote Control History: Not Great, Just Good Enough"
1483:"Remembering Eugene Polley and his Flash-Matic remote (photos)"
1371:"1902 â Telekine (Telekino) â Leonardo Torres Quvedo (Spanish)"
1255:"TP Vision Announces Philips 9000 Series Premium Smart LED TVs"
873:(Fernlenkboote) against coastal shipping. These were driven by
830:. In 1917, he demonstrated a remote-controlled aircraft to the
696:
because it works with almost any remote control in the market.
1053:
583:
508:
429:
425:
407:
377:
369:
353:
1360:,(pdf) vol. 96, No. 1, January 2008, Proceedings of the IEEE.
852:
D.C.B. Section of the Royal Navy's Signals School, Portsmouth
285:
in 1950. The remote, called Lazy Bones, was connected to the
1908:
204:
of his own design. Unlike previous âon/offâ techniques, the
97:, a remote control can be used to operate devices such as a
1974:
Enders, David (October 2008). "Mahdi Army Bides its Time".
1683:"Remote control for color tv goes the all-electronic route"
421:
188:
demonstrated in New York in 1898. In 1903 Spanish engineer
579:
Most remote controls for electronic appliances use a near
961:
Existing infrared remote controls can be used to control
1819:
ICT Roger Crawford â Heinemann IGCSE â Chapter 1 page 16
297:. It worked by shining a beam of light onto one of four
586:
to emit a beam of light that reaches the device. A 940
949:
vehicles were remote-controlled from the ground. Many
380:
introduced an all-electronic remote control that uses
61:
A Samsung Nuon N2000 television and DVD remote control
1781:"Celadon Remote Control Systems Company Profile Page"
1506:
1504:
812:
publicly demonstrated a "wireless" radio-controlled
547:
The main technology used in home remote controls is
503:, an average US home has four remotes. To operate a
192:
introduced a radio based control system called the "
2467:
2410:
2351:
2344:
2228:
1991:"IR T.V REMOTE BASED COMPUTER AND LAPTOP OPERATING"
1695:. McGraw-Hill Publishing Company: 102. April 1970.
682:modulation. Also, transmitters or receivers can be
121:Early television remote controls (1956â1977) used
1512:"Wireless remote control inventor zaps out at 96"
436:In 1980, the most popular remote control was the
386:metalâoxideâsemiconductor field-effect transistor
1866:Nineteenth-Century Torpedoes and Their Inventors
1036:400 series also came with a remote control, the
934:Remote controlled free-flying television camera
125:tones. Present-day remote controls are commonly
1710:"SB-Projects: IR remote control: ITT protocol"
1563:"The Inventor Who Deserves a Sitting Ovation."
2206:
2089:"Sony α6000 E-mount camera with APS-C Sensor"
1636:"1956: Zenith Space Commander Remote Control"
1210:"Microsoft brings TV voice control to Kinect"
1208:James Wray and Ulf Stabe (December 5, 2011).
492:Used remote controls for sale in a market in
8:
212:. From 1904 to 1906 Torres chose to conduct
130:are used to adjust various settings such as
27:Device used to control other device remotely
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
629:Infrared, line of sight and operating angle
2348:
2213:
2199:
2191:
2150:Freeman, William; Weissman, Craig (1995).
2022:Nekajar, Santosh M. (JanuaryâMarch 2014).
773:. The early 1870s saw remotely controlled
396:, replacing motor-driven tuning controls.
289:by a wire. A wireless remote control, the
2163:Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories
909:Remote controls in military usage employ
1578:
1576:
1574:
1458:"Remote Background - Zenith Electronics"
1236:"PlayStation Move Navigation Controller"
645:
570:
562:
363:
1300:Unmanned Systems of World Wars I and II
1174:
986:Infrared remote control for the analog
765:, one of the earliest "guided missiles"
605:Consumer electronics infrared protocols
69:An air conditioning unit remote control
2052:
2041:
1064:, use proprietary wireless protocols.
328:Later, the rapid decrease in price of
228:, one result of this being the German
2152:"Television control by hand gestures"
1400:. Bonnier Corporation. November 1930.
1182:Greenfield, Rebecca (April 8, 2011).
348:near or above the upper threshold of
200:, which he hoped to use to control a
145:Remote controls in the 2000s include
7:
1961:Lightoller, Charles Herbert (1935).
625:R-Step, and the NEC TC101 protocol.
1297:Everett, H. R. (November 6, 2015).
1212:. Thetechherald.com. Archived from
688:universal remote control duplicator
161:. Remote controls for 2010s onward
2134:"Home Office and Home Electronics"
1661:"Robert Adler -TV wireless remote"
1609:Gertner, Jon (December 30, 2007).
310:Zenith Space Commander Six hundred
25:
2178:
1583:Marino, Andrew (July 29, 2023).
1098:
501:Consumer Electronics Association
37:For other uses of "Remote", see
1794:Seifert, Dan (April 24, 2013).
1253:Seng, Chong (August 30, 2012).
32:Remote control (disambiguation)
1748:"Philips tops in converters".
1394:"Radio Aims At Remote Control"
392:. This was widely adopted for
1:
1909:"Tesla â Master of Lightning"
1330:, John Wiley and Sons, 2006,
816:that he hoped to sell to the
1752:: p. F03. November 29, 1980.
1184:"Tech Etymology: TV Clicker"
1122:Consumer Electronics Control
920:improvised explosive devices
642:Radio remote control systems
559:Opto components and circuits
175:Radio control § History
1931:"A Brief History of Drones"
356:. The receiver contained a
340:crystal that was fed by an
293:, was developed in 1955 by
110:is triggered from outside.
2557:
2157:November 14, 2012, at the
2108:"By the Light of the Moon"
1965:. I. Nicholson and Watson.
1040:was also produced for the
438:Starcom Cable TV Converter
352:, though still audible to
255:Television remote controls
218:three-wheeled land vehicle
216:testings in the form of a
172:
157:-enabled capabilities and
43:
36:
29:
2536:Humanâmachine interaction
1868:. Naval Institute Press.
1153:Remote control locomotive
882:used remotely controlled
808:guided missile". In 1898
728:Power line remote control
336:remotes that contained a
198:Paris Academy of Sciences
2475:List of game controllers
1412:"Philco Mystery Control"
951:space exploration rovers
894:and the early stages of
886:during the 1930s in the
734:Power-Line communication
472:started a company named
283:Zenith Radio Corporation
44:Not to be confused with
2331:Virtual reality headset
1963:Titanic and Other Ships
1259:www.hardwarezone.com.sg
190:Leonardo Torres Quevedo
39:Remote (disambiguation)
2222:Video game controllers
2051:Cite journal requires
1013:
998:other mobile devices.
994:
938:
838:experimental works at
766:
651:
576:
568:
513:digital video recorder
496:
433:
373:
344:electric current at a
332:made possible cheaper
313:
278:
267:
243:
242:Mystery Control (1939)
118:
70:
62:
1009:
985:
933:
854:under the command of
760:
649:
574:
566:
491:
460:Other remote controls
420:
367:
307:
273:
262:
238:
210:communication channel
173:Further information:
116:
68:
60:
2531:Consumer electronics
2526:Assistive technology
2187:at Wikimedia Commons
2106:Lombardi, Gianluca.
1864:Gray, Edwyn (2004).
1568:. February 17, 2007.
1373:. December 17, 2010.
1347:Sarkar 2006, page 97
900:telemechanical group
867:Imperial German Navy
553:light-emitting diode
134:, track number, and
95:consumer electronics
30:For other uses, see
2541:Infrared technology
2428:Gesture recognition
2301:Musical Instruments
2140:on August 25, 2009.
2112:Picture of the Week
2003:on December 3, 2020
1836:. December 18, 2017
1767:earlytelevision.org
1543:on January 16, 2008
1328:History of wireless
1216:on November 2, 2013
1086:gesture recognition
1060:. Others, like the
904:Great Patriotic War
875:internal combustion
442:Jerrold Electronics
299:photoelectric cells
263:1950s TV Remote by
2521:British inventions
2266:Interactive urinal
1615:The New York Times
1240:us.playstation.com
1046:seventh generation
1014:
995:
939:
916:unmanned airplanes
856:Eric Robinson V.C.
832:Royal Flying Corps
767:
693:universal receiver
652:
577:
569:
497:
446:General Instrument
434:
374:
314:
279:
268:
244:
230:Wasserfall missile
182:Werner von Siemens
132:television channel
119:
108:garage door opener
71:
63:
2503:
2502:
2463:
2462:
2433:Haptic technology
2291:Motion controller
2236:Arcade controller
2183:Media related to
2071:"GoPro - Cameras"
1875:978-1-59114-341-3
1516:theregister.co.uk
1133:Peel Technologies
1106:Technology portal
618:carrier frequency
202:dirigible airship
140:universal remotes
127:consumer infrared
81:(also known as a
16:(Redirected from
2548:
2392:Telephone keypad
2352:Physical buttons
2349:
2345:Controller parts
2229:Controller types
2215:
2208:
2201:
2192:
2182:
2166:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2136:. Archived from
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2002:
1995:
1987:
1981:
1972:
1966:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1927:
1921:
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1918:
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1905:
1899:
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1897:
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1826:
1820:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1759:
1753:
1750:The Toronto Star
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1679:
1673:
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1648:
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1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
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1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1580:
1569:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1539:. Archived from
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1508:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1454:
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1429:
1416:
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1408:
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1390:
1384:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1367:
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1354:
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1345:
1339:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1179:
1143:PlayStation Move
1108:
1103:
1102:
529:universal remote
444:, a division of
394:color television
372:universal remote
277:corded TV remote
226:Second World War
21:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2459:
2406:
2340:
2224:
2219:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2159:Wayback Machine
2149:
2145:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2050:
2040:
2033:
2031:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1977:The Progressive
1973:
1969:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1876:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1834:clickermart.com
1828:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1804:
1802:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1747:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1666:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1644:
1642:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1619:
1617:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1582:
1581:
1572:
1566:Washington Post
1560:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1441:
1439:
1431:
1430:
1419:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1398:Popular Science
1392:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1324:Tapan K. Sarkar
1322:
1318:
1311:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1263:
1261:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1217:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1104:
1097:
1094:
1082:
1070:
1004:
980:
959:
928:
844:"Aerial Target"
828:First World War
794:Brennan torpedo
763:Brennan torpedo
755:
742:
740:Garage and gate
730:
718:
713:
705:superheterodyne
644:
636:phototransistor
631:
607:
561:
545:
525:audio amplifier
486:
462:
432:Remote controls
406:service by the
382:digital signals
257:
177:
171:
53:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Remote controls
15:
12:
11:
5:
2554:
2552:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2516:Remote control
2508:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2423:Force feedback
2420:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2326:Remote control
2323:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2246:Digital camera
2243:
2238:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2185:Remote control
2174:
2173:External links
2171:
2168:
2167:
2143:
2125:
2098:
2080:
2075:shop.gopro.com
2062:
2053:|journal=
2014:
1982:
1967:
1954:
1945:
1936:
1922:
1900:
1881:
1874:
1856:
1847:
1821:
1812:
1786:
1772:
1754:
1741:
1730:. May 26, 2017
1715:
1701:
1674:
1652:
1627:
1601:
1570:
1554:
1528:
1500:
1489:. May 23, 2012
1474:
1449:
1417:
1403:
1385:
1376:
1362:
1349:
1340:
1316:
1309:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1245:
1227:
1200:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1138:Media controls
1135:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1110:
1109:
1093:
1090:
1081:
1078:
1069:
1066:
1003:
1000:
979:
976:
958:
955:
927:
924:
796:, invented by
787:John Louis Lay
754:
751:
741:
738:
729:
726:
717:
714:
712:
709:
643:
640:
630:
627:
606:
603:
593:carrier signal
560:
557:
544:
541:
485:
482:
461:
458:
312:remote control
256:
253:
170:
167:
153:connectivity,
99:television set
79:remote control
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2553:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
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2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2418:Accelerometer
2416:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2384:Select button
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2347:
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2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
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2321:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2261:Gaming keypad
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2241:Balance board
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2216:
2211:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2113:
2109:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2058:
2045:
2029:
2025:
2018:
2015:
1999:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1915:September 24,
1910:
1904:
1901:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1835:
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1822:
1816:
1813:
1801:
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1641:
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1628:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1602:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1561:Farhi, Paul.
1558:
1555:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1438:
1437:Me-TV Network
1434:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1356:A. P. Yuste.
1353:
1350:
1344:
1341:
1338:, p. 276-278.
1337:
1336:0-471-71814-9
1333:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1317:
1312:
1310:9780262029223
1306:
1303:. MIT Press.
1302:
1301:
1293:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1201:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1175:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1158:Teleoperation
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1148:Radio control
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1074:standby power
1068:Standby power
1067:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1050:PlayStation 3
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1012:
1008:
1001:
999:
992:
991:Canon EOS 100
989:
984:
977:
975:
973:
969:
964:
956:
954:
952:
948:
944:
937:
936:AERCam Sprint
932:
925:
923:
921:
917:
912:
907:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
876:
872:
868:
864:
859:
857:
853:
849:
848:Henry Segrave
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
824:Archibald Low
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
798:Louis Brennan
795:
790:
788:
784:
780:
779:John Ericsson
776:
772:
764:
759:
752:
750:
748:
739:
737:
735:
727:
725:
723:
715:
710:
708:
706:
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697:
695:
694:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
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628:
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619:
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612:
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602:
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582:
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558:
556:
554:
550:
542:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
495:
490:
484:Proliferation
483:
481:
477:
475:
471:
467:
466:Steve Wozniak
459:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
413:
409:
405:
402:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
371:
366:
362:
359:
355:
351:
350:human hearing
347:
343:
339:
338:piezoelectric
335:
331:
326:
324:
319:
311:
306:
302:
300:
296:
295:Eugene Polley
292:
288:
284:
276:
272:
266:
261:
254:
252:
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241:
237:
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231:
227:
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219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
176:
168:
166:
164:
160:
159:voice control
156:
155:motion sensor
152:
148:
143:
141:
137:
133:
128:
124:
115:
111:
109:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
67:
59:
55:
51:
50:radio control
47:
46:Teleoperation
40:
33:
19:
2495:Toys-to-life
2485:Reset button
2388:Start button
2379:Scroll wheel
2359:Analog stick
2325:
2320:direct drive
2146:
2138:the original
2128:
2116:. Retrieved
2111:
2101:
2092:
2083:
2074:
2065:
2044:cite journal
2034:February 24,
2032:. Retrieved
2027:
2017:
2007:February 24,
2005:. Retrieved
1998:the original
1985:
1975:
1970:
1962:
1957:
1948:
1939:
1925:
1913:. Retrieved
1903:
1884:
1865:
1859:
1850:
1838:. Retrieved
1833:
1824:
1815:
1805:December 28,
1803:. Retrieved
1799:
1789:
1775:
1766:
1757:
1749:
1744:
1732:. Retrieved
1727:
1718:
1704:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1677:
1665:. Retrieved
1655:
1643:. Retrieved
1639:
1630:
1618:. Retrieved
1614:
1604:
1592:. Retrieved
1588:
1565:
1557:
1545:. Retrieved
1541:the original
1531:
1519:. Retrieved
1515:
1491:. Retrieved
1486:
1477:
1465:. Retrieved
1461:
1452:
1440:. Retrieved
1436:
1406:
1397:
1388:
1379:
1365:
1352:
1343:
1327:
1319:
1299:
1292:
1283:
1274:
1262:. Retrieved
1258:
1248:
1239:
1230:
1218:. Retrieved
1214:the original
1203:
1191:. Retrieved
1188:The Atlantic
1187:
1177:
1083:
1080:Alternatives
1071:
1034:Philips CD-i
1027:
1015:
996:
960:
940:
908:
899:
896:World War II
860:
822:
810:Nikola Tesla
805:
791:
768:
747:rolling code
743:
732:A subset of
731:
719:
702:
698:
691:
687:
683:
672:Rolling code
653:
632:
608:
578:
546:
505:home theater
498:
478:
463:
437:
435:
398:
375:
327:
318:Robert Adler
315:
309:
280:
245:
213:
205:
193:
186:Nikola Tesla
178:
144:
120:
86:
82:
78:
72:
54:
2455:Touchscreen
2443:Digital pen
2336:Wired glove
1840:October 15,
1688:Electronics
1547:December 3,
1163:Telecommand
1117:Siri Remote
1023:PlayStation
1002:Video games
978:Photography
863:World War I
515:(DVR/PVR),
342:oscillating
330:transistors
291:Flash-Matic
75:electronics
2510:Categories
2374:Hat switch
2364:Arrow keys
2286:Microphone
1763:"Blab-Off"
1734:August 17,
1645:August 17,
1620:August 17,
1521:August 17,
1493:August 17,
1467:August 17,
1462:zenith.com
1442:August 17,
1264:January 2,
1220:January 2,
1169:References
1030:Atari 2600
1011:Wii Remote
988:SLR camera
957:PC control
943:Lunokhod 1
888:Winter War
533:smartphone
517:DVD player
358:microphone
334:electronic
287:television
123:ultrasonic
103:DVD player
91:wirelessly
2411:Sensitive
2397:Trackball
2281:Light gun
2251:Dance pad
1911:. PBS.org
1890:US 613809
1800:The Verge
1728:tedium.co
1667:April 13,
1594:August 7,
1589:The Verge
1193:August 1,
1058:Bluetooth
1044:. In the
993:from 1991
884:teletanks
869:employed
818:U.S. Navy
806:practical
783:pneumatic
775:torpedoes
771:torpedoes
684:universal
666:(RF4CE),
657:Bluetooth
543:Technique
494:Hong Kong
450:converter
388:(MOSFET)
376:In 1970,
346:frequency
316:In 1956,
196:" at the
163:Smart TVs
147:Bluetooth
2480:Multitap
2450:Touchpad
2276:Keyboard
2271:Joystick
2155:Archived
2118:June 15,
1487:cnet.com
1092:See also
1062:Xbox 360
1042:GameCube
1038:WaveBird
947:Lunokhod
890:against
880:Red Army
871:FL-boats
753:Military
716:Industry
674:, using
614:protocol
598:AM radio
581:infrared
549:infrared
404:teletext
265:Motorola
214:Telekino
206:Telekino
194:Telekino
2468:Related
2402:Trigger
2256:Gamepad
911:jamming
892:Finland
840:Feltham
814:torpedo
802:torpedo
169:History
87:clicker
2490:R.O.B.
2438:Stylus
2306:Paddle
1896:
1872:
1334:
1307:
1128:Kinect
1056:, use
1032:. The
865:, the
668:Z-Wave
664:Zigbee
623:Ruwido
440:(from
401:Ceefax
390:memory
248:Philco
240:Philco
136:volume
83:remote
2369:D-pad
2316:Wheel
2311:Pedal
2296:Mouse
2114:. ESO
2001:(PDF)
1994:(PDF)
1663:. MIT
1640:Wired
1124:(CEC)
1114:Apple
1084:Hand-
926:Space
711:Usage
660:AVRCP
584:diode
470:Apple
323:pluck
151:Wi-Fi
93:. In
2120:2011
2093:Sony
2057:help
2036:2021
2009:2021
1917:2008
1870:ISBN
1842:2018
1807:2015
1736:2018
1669:2021
1647:2018
1622:2018
1596:2023
1549:2008
1523:2018
1495:2018
1469:2018
1444:2018
1332:ISBN
1305:ISBN
1266:2022
1222:2013
1195:2020
1052:and
972:LIRC
968:IrDA
792:The
761:The
722:HVDC
611:RC-5
523:and
474:CL 9
428:and
384:and
354:dogs
308:The
275:SABA
222:boat
77:, a
1054:Wii
1019:NES
836:RFC
785:),
777:by
680:FSK
678:or
676:OOK
537:app
511:or
509:VCR
468:of
454:CAD
430:DVD
426:VHS
412:ITT
408:BBC
378:RCA
370:RCA
368:An
149:or
85:or
73:In
48:or
2512::
2161:.
2110:.
2091:.
2073:.
2048::
2046:}}
2042:{{
2026:.
1832:.
1798:.
1765:.
1726:.
1693:43
1691:.
1685:.
1638:.
1613:.
1587:.
1573:^
1514:.
1503:^
1485:.
1460:.
1435:.
1420:^
1396:.
1326:,
1257:.
1238:.
1186:.
1076:.
1025:.
963:PC
820:.
662:,
588:nm
539:.
521:TV
519:,
424:,
422:TV
232:.
101:,
2322:)
2318:(
2214:e
2207:t
2200:v
2165:.
2122:.
2095:.
2077:.
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2055:(
2038:.
2028:2
2011:.
1980:.
1933:.
1919:.
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1197:.
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