1527:
1548:
1632:
113:
135:
1478:
2709:
2724:
1609:
1570:
1587:
338:
Based on studies of the free-living larvae, they appear to be lecithotrophic (non-feeding). Mouths, guts, and anuses appear in the juvenile stage. Because of the energy and nutrients required for swimming, molting, and to grow in size and length, it has been speculated that the larvae may have other
1748:
Regier, Jerome C.; Shultz, Jeffrey W.; Zwick, Andreas; Hussey, April; Ball, Bernard; Wetzer, Regina; Martin, Joel W.; Cunningham, Clifford W. (February 2010). "Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences".
2330:
Bjoern M. von
Reumont; Ronald A. Jenner; Matthew A. Wills; Emiliano Dell'Ampio; Günther Pass; Ingo Ebersberger; Benjamin Meyer; Stefan Koenemann; Thomas M. Iliffe; Alexandros Stamatakis; Oliver Niehuis; Karen Meusemann & Bernhard Misof (March 2012).
335:. External respiratory structures like gills are absent. Previously regarded as 'primitive', Remipedia have since been shown to have enhanced olfactory nerve centers (a common feature for species that live in dark environments).
2280:
Lozano-Fernandez, Jesus; Giacomelli, Mattia; Fleming, James F.; Chen, Albert; Vinther, Jakob; Thomsen, Philip
Francis; Glenner, Henrik; Palero, Ferran; Legg, David A.; Iliffe, Thomas M.; Pisani, Davide; Olesen, Jørgen (2019).
307:
are laterally present on each segment. The animals swim on their backs and are generally slow-moving. They are the only known venomous crustaceans, and have fangs connected to secretory glands, which inject a combination of
419:, singling Remipedia as a potential crustacean sister group of Hexapoda. Similarities in brain anatomy further support this affinity, and hexapod-type hemocyanins have been discovered in remipedes.
3295:
3192:
1916:
438:. Remipedia was found as the sister group to Hexapoda both in phylogenomic and combined morphological and transcriptome studies. In other studies Remipedia and
3218:
449:
The relationship of
Remipedia and other crustacean classes and insects is shown in the following phylogenetic tree, which shows Allotriocarida, along with
1991:
2117:
1964:
3166:
3205:
382:
in 1981. The novel nature of this species was recognized and the class
Remipedia was erected in the same paper. The name "Remipedia" is from the
2001:
1974:
1894:
2756:
1664:
Stefan
Koenemann; Frederick R. Schram; Mario Hönemann & Thomas M. Iliffe (2007). "Phylogenetic analysis of Remipedia (Crustacea)".
1666:
412:
2631:, a new pseudocryptic species of Remipedia (Crustacea) from an anchialine cave system on the Yucatán Peninsula, Quintana Roo, Mexico"
2236:"Phylotranscriptomics to Bring the Understudied into the Fold: Monophyletic Ostracoda, Fossil Placement, and Pancrustacean Phylogeny"
812:
Thirty extant species are recognized as of early 2022, divided among eight families and twelve genera. All are placed in the order
346:, which inhabits a fully marine, sub-seafloor cave in the Bahamas, all known species of remipedians have been found exclusively in
2017:
Neiber, Marco T.; Hartke, Tamara R.; Stemme, Torben; Bergmann, Alexandra; Rust, Jes; Iliffe, Thomas M.; Koenemann, Stefan (2011).
3257:
2463:
2337:
2333:"Pancrustacean phylogeny in the light of new phylogenomic data: support for Remipedia as the possible sister group of Hexapoda"
3210:
299:
Remipedes are 1–4 centimetres (0.4–1.6 in) long and comprise a head and an elongate trunk of up to thirty-two similar
2081:
378:
2436:
265:
which contain saline groundwater, with populations identified in almost every ocean basin so far explored, including in
2728:
3114:
3101:
1884:
3290:
134:
3223:
446:, which in turn was sister to Hexapoda in a clade named Anartiopoda or Miracrustacea ('surprising crustaceans').
1152:
2749:
2635:
2544:
1532:
1397:
966:
2582:, new species of Remipedia (Crustacea: Speleonectidae) from a submerged ocean cave near Caye Chapel, Belize".
2283:"Pancrustacean Evolution Illuminated by Taxon-Rich Genomic-Scale Data Sets with an Expanded Remipede Sampling"
1162:
1443:
1387:
1321:
1297:
1287:
1141:
360:
327:
Remipedia have a generally primitive body plan compared to other extant crustaceans, and are the only extant
2159:
2129:
2125:
1341:
1264:
1118:
121:
3041:
1912:"The brain of the Remipedia (Crustacea) and an alternative hypothesis on their phylogenetic relationships"
1809:
976:
1852:
Hinderstein, Lara M.; Iliffe, Thomas M.; Schram, Frederick R.; Bloechl, Armin; Koenemann, Stefan (2007).
1453:
1331:
1307:
1198:
1013:
824:
3244:
1407:
1208:
1108:
279:
1228:
1085:
1064:
1039:
1003:
1377:
844:
3140:
3119:
3088:
2625:
Marco T. Neiber; Finja C. Hansen; Thomas M. Iliffe; Brett C. Gonzalez & Stefan
Koenemann (2012).
2500:
2387:
2030:
1758:
1721:
1675:
1131:
956:
911:
1853:
1049:
112:
3262:
2742:
2491:
2079:
Jill Yager (August 1981). "Remipedia, a new class of
Crustacea from a marine cave in the Bahamas".
1519:
1511:
1422:
1218:
373:
284:
2458:
1356:
1277:
3285:
2714:
2607:
2516:
2413:
2213:
2180:
Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2012-01-07). "Reevaluating the
Arthropod Tree of Life".
2098:
1827:
1790:
1637:
1254:
922:
877:
129:
1367:
1028:
989:
3249:
1702:
1075:
324:, the female pore is located on the seventh trunk segment and the male pore on the fourteenth.
3231:
3127:
2599:
2405:
2356:
2312:
2257:
2205:
2197:
2058:
1997:
1970:
1945:
1890:
1782:
1774:
1641:
1579:
1561:
1098:
347:
3236:
2432:
2686:
2651:
2591:
2560:
2508:
2395:
2346:
2302:
2294:
2247:
2189:
2090:
2048:
2038:
1935:
1925:
1865:
1819:
1766:
1683:
309:
3197:
1557:
1503:
1487:
369:
332:
3079:
2734:
2489:, a new species of Remipedia (Crustacea) from an anchialine cave on Eleuthera, Bahamas".
2504:
2391:
2034:
1762:
1679:
2307:
2282:
2193:
2053:
2018:
1600:
1540:
1243:
580:
500:
454:
435:
274:
232:
176:
2234:
Oakley, Todd H.; Wolfe, Joanna M.; Lindgren, Annie R.; Zaharoff, Alexander K. (2013).
1940:
1911:
3279:
2963:
2958:
2928:
2835:
2670:
2217:
1515:
1491:
593:
439:
423:
321:
317:
270:
70:
2626:
2611:
2535:
2417:
1831:
2968:
2943:
2933:
2904:
2520:
1794:
1618:
1536:
1495:
1177:
945:
855:
818:
615:
559:
468:
458:
427:
416:
415:
reveals similarities between larvae and postembryonic development of remipedes and
396:
Historical phylogeny based on morphology and physiology has placed
Remipedia under
328:
300:
218:
3093:
2708:
3106:
2043:
3179:
3132:
3073:
2948:
2862:
2813:
2122:
Systematics of amphipod crustaceans in the families
Crangonyctidae and Hadziidae
1966:
Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Crustacea, Volume 4 part A
1886:
Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Crustacea, Volume 4 part A
1814:
1624:
1499:
1483:
520:
481:
450:
397:
365:
288:
45:
2723:
2996:
2938:
2914:
2825:
2797:
2704:
2690:
2655:
2595:
2564:
2512:
2400:
2375:
1823:
1687:
1507:
1433:
706:
461:, embracing the traditional crustaceans and the hexapods (including insects).
443:
401:
254:
90:
55:
3064:
2201:
1854:"Behavior of Remipedia in the Laboratory, with Supporting Field Observations"
1778:
3153:
2894:
2889:
2879:
2871:
2843:
2803:
2791:
2785:
2766:
2351:
2332:
2252:
2235:
1930:
1596:
1553:
1188:
304:
266:
166:
146:
95:
2603:
2409:
2360:
2316:
2261:
2209:
2062:
1949:
1786:
2019:"Global Biodiversity and Phylogenetic Evaluation of Remipedia (Crustacea)"
3058:
2983:
2923:
2884:
2848:
2298:
2151:
1883:
Klein, Carel von Vaupel; Charmantier-Daures, Mireille (24 October 2013).
649:
535:
431:
405:
287:). Since 1979, at least seventeen living species have been identified in
258:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
17:
1910:
Martin Fanenbruck; Steffen Harzsch & Johann Wolfgang Wägele (2004).
1770:
3001:
2991:
2953:
2642:
2551:
2102:
730:
691:
662:
262:
100:
75:
3184:
1869:
3006:
2779:
2675:, A New Species of Remipedia (Crustacea) from the Dominican Republic"
1993:
Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea: A Story of Scientific Method
1614:
156:
3035:
2094:
1963:
Klein, Carel von Vaupel; Charmantier-Daures, Mireille (2013-10-24).
3171:
3158:
1592:
383:
313:
2485:
Dennis Hazerli; Stefan Koenemann & Thomas M. Iliffe (2010). "
1575:
1123:(Koenemann, Iliffe & van der Ham 2003) Hoenemann et al. 2013
3039:
2738:
2669:
Lorentzen, Dörte; Koenemann, Stefan; Iliffe, Thomas M. (2007).
816:. The second order, Enantiopoda, comprises the fossil species
339:
sources of growth than its yolk; possibly symbiotic bacteria.
3145:
2534:
Tamara R. Hartke; Stefan Koenemann & Jill Yager (2011).
2944:
Malacostraca (woodlice, shrimps, crayfish, lobsters, crabs)
1990:
Schram, Frederick R.; Koenemann, Stefan (16 October 2021).
2540:, a new species of Remipedia (Crustacea) from the Bahamas"
2969:
Branchiopoda (fairy, tadpole, clam shrimps, water fleas)
1392:
Olesen, Meland, Glenner, van Hengstum & Iliffe, 2017
303:. Pigmentation and eyes are absent. Biramous swimming
422:
Recent molecular studies have grouped Remipedia with
358:
The first species in this group to be described was
3048:
2982:
2912:
2903:
2870:
2861:
2834:
2812:
2275:
2273:
2271:
1054:(Yager & Humphreys 1996) Hoenemann et al. 2013
1722:"Lasionectes entrichoma Yager & Schram, 1986"
2431:Koenemann, S.; Hoenemann, M.; Stemme T. (2022).
1917:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
277:. The first described remipede was the fossil
2750:
1223:(Koenemann et al. 2009) Hoenemann et al. 2012
8:
2849:Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites)
316:into their prey, but they also feed through
1470:Geographic distribution of extant Remipedia
457:, as the three main divisions of subphylum
387:
3036:
2909:
2867:
2818:
2757:
2743:
2735:
1402:(Neiber et al. 2012) Hoenemann et al. 2013
111:
31:
2399:
2350:
2306:
2251:
2229:
2227:
2052:
2042:
1939:
1929:
1346:Koenemann, Iliffe & van der Ham, 2003
1336:Koenemann, Iliffe & van der Ham, 2003
2074:
2072:
1213:(Lorentzen, Koenemann & Iliffe 2007)
935:Koenemann, Iliffe & van der Ham 2007
927:Koenemann, Iliffe & van der Ham 2007
916:Koenemann, Iliffe & van der Ham 2007
376:in 1979 and described in a paper in the
1701:Cameron McCormick (November 10, 2008).
1653:
1167:Wollermann, Koenemann & Iliffe 2007
1008:Gonzalez, Singpiel & Schlagner 2013
3296:Extant Pennsylvanian first appearances
1810:"First venomous crustacean discovered"
1659:
1657:
2949:Thecostraca (barnacles and relatives)
7:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1458:Koenemann, Ziegler & Iliffe 2008
1203:(Hartke, Koenemann & Yager 2011)
1146:Hazerli, Koenemann & Iliffe 2009
442:are grouped together form the clade
1667:Organisms Diversity & Evolution
684:
677:
655:
630:
608:
586:
513:
506:
496:
474:
464:
3002:Diplura (two-pronged bristletails)
2194:10.1146/annurev-ento-120710-100659
2118:"What are subterranean amphipods?"
1412:(Yager 1987) Hoenemann et al. 2013
1113:(Yager 1987) Hoenemann et al. 2013
1090:Koenemann, Iliffe & Yager 2004
1080:Koenemann, Iliffe & Yager 2004
981:Iliffe, Otten & Koenemann 2010
25:
2964:Cephalocarida (horseshoe shrimps)
364:, discovered by Jill Yager while
331:to lack significant postcephalic
2722:
2707:
2464:World Register of Marine Species
2152:"Jill Yager, Research Associate"
1808:Kaplan, Matt (22 October 2013).
1644:Cueva Taína, Santo Domingo Este.
1630:
1607:
1585:
1568:
1546:
1525:
1476:
1382:(Yager, 2013) Olesen et al. 2017
1018:Schram, Yager & Emerson 1986
950:Schram, Yager & Emerson 1986
133:
2338:Molecular Biology and Evolution
2240:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1720:Yager, J. (18 September 2013).
1:
2082:Journal of Crustacean Biology
1858:Journal of Crustacean Biology
379:Journal of Crustacean Biology
2437:Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee
2287:Genome Biology and Evolution
2044:10.1371/journal.pone.0019627
2934:Pentastomida (tongue worms)
2844:Xiphosura (horseshoe crabs)
2629:Speleonectes fuchscockburni
2182:Annual Review of Entomology
1996:. Oxford University Press.
1292:Yager & Carpenter, 1999
1153:Cryptocorynetes haptodiscus
3312:
2457:World Remipedia Database.
2433:"World Remipedia Database"
2156:Invertebrate Zoology Staff
291:regions around the world.
41:Lower Pennsylvanian–Recent
3023:
2826:Pycnogonida (sea spiders)
2821:
2774:
2691:10.11646/zootaxa.1543.1.3
2656:10.11646/zootaxa.3190.1.2
2596:10.11646/zootaxa.3710.4.4
2565:10.11646/zootaxa.3115.1.2
2513:10.1007/s12526-009-0033-4
2401:10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.059
1824:10.1038/nature.2013.13985
1688:10.1016/j.ode.2006.07.001
1398:Xibalbanus fuchscockburni
967:Godzilliognomus frondosus
728:
704:
689:
682:
675:
660:
653:
635:
628:
613:
606:
591:
584:
557:
533:
518:
511:
504:
494:
479:
472:
413:evolution and development
354:History of classification
201:
196:
130:Scientific classification
128:
119:
110:
34:
2997:Collembola (springtails)
2924:Ostracoda (seed shrimps)
1533:Turks and Caicos Islands
1269:Yager & Schram, 1986
1259:Yager & Schram, 1986
1163:Cryptocorynetes longulus
393:, meaning "oar-footed".
3028:are paraphyletic groups
2627:"Molecular taxonomy of
2487:Cryptocorynetes elmorei
2374:Engel, Michael (2015).
2160:Smithsonian Institution
2126:Old Dominion University
1931:10.1073/pnas.0306212101
1444:Pleomothra apletocheles
1388:Xibalbanus cozumelensis
1322:Speleonectes lucayensis
1298:Speleonectes gironensis
1288:Speleonectes epilimnius
1142:Cryptocorynetes elmorei
361:Speleonectes lucayensis
348:anchialine cave systems
2939:Branchiura (fish lice)
2895:Diplopoda (millipedes)
2880:Chilopoda (centipedes)
2538:Speleonectes williamsi
1342:Speleonectes tanumekes
1265:Lasionectes entrichoma
1233:García-Valdecasas 1984
1193:García-Valdecasas 1984
1182:García-Valdecasas 1984
1119:Angirasu parabenjamini
977:Godzillognomus schrami
388:
342:With the exception of
197:Orders & families
122:Speleonectes tanumekes
3245:Paleobiology Database
2673:Speleonectes emersoni
2352:10.1093/molbev/msr270
2253:10.1093/molbev/mss216
1427:Hoenemann et al. 2013
1408:Xibalbanus tulumensis
1372:Hoenemann et al. 2013
1103:Hoenemann et al. 2013
1069:Hoenemann et al. 2013
1044:Hoenemann et al. 2013
1033:Hoenemann et al. 2013
866:Tesnusocaris goldichi
819:Tesnusocaris goldichi
280:Tesnusocaris goldichi
257:, closely related to
2769:classes by subphylum
404:, and distinct from
253:is a class of blind
27:Class of crustaceans
2992:Protura (coneheads)
2505:2010MarBd..40...71H
2492:Marine Biodiversity
2392:2015CBio...25.R868E
2132:on October 29, 2013
2116:John R. Holsinger.
2035:2011PLoSO...619627N
1771:10.1038/nature08742
1763:2010Natur.463.1079R
1757:(7284): 1079–1083.
1707:The Lord Geekington
1680:2007ODivE...7...33K
1520:San Salvador Island
1454:Pleomothra fragilis
1332:Speleonectes minnsi
1308:Speleonectes kakuki
1219:Morlockia atlantida
1199:Morlockia williamsi
1014:Godzillius robustus
932:Micropacter yagerae
888:Cryptocaris hootchi
825:Cryptocaris hootchi
400:, in the subphylum
374:Grand Bahama Island
344:Speleonectes kakuki
285:Lower Pennsylvanian
261:, found in coastal
2715:Crustaceans portal
2580:Speleonectes cokei
2376:"Insect evolution"
2299:10.1093/gbe/evz097
1638:Dominican Republic
1361:Olesen et al. 2017
1209:Morlockia emersoni
1109:Angirasu benjamini
3291:Arthropod classes
3273:
3272:
3232:Open Tree of Life
3042:Taxon identifiers
3033:
3032:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3007:Insecta (insects)
2857:
2856:
2578:Yager J (2013). "
2386:(19): R868–R872.
2003:978-0-19-971092-8
1976:978-90-474-4045-1
1924:(11): 3868–3873.
1896:978-90-474-4045-1
1870:10.1651/S-2809A.1
1642:Distrito Nacional
1580:Matanzas Province
1562:Western Australia
1459:
1449:
1439:
1428:
1413:
1403:
1393:
1383:
1373:
1362:
1347:
1337:
1327:
1317:
1303:
1293:
1283:
1270:
1260:
1249:
1234:
1229:Morlockia ondinae
1224:
1214:
1204:
1194:
1183:
1168:
1158:
1147:
1137:
1124:
1114:
1104:
1091:
1086:Kaloketos pilosus
1081:
1070:
1065:Cryptocorynetidae
1055:
1045:
1034:
1019:
1009:
1004:Godzillius fuchsi
999:
982:
972:
962:
951:
936:
928:
917:
906:
892:
883:
870:
861:
850:
838:
834:Order Enantiopoda
804:
803:
795:
794:
786:
785:
777:
776:
768:
767:
759:
758:
750:
749:
741:
740:
717:
716:
570:
569:
546:
545:
434:in a clade named
310:digestive enzymes
248:
247:
226:Cryptocorynetidae
207:†Tesnusocarididae
192:
16:(Redirected from
3303:
3266:
3265:
3253:
3252:
3240:
3239:
3227:
3226:
3214:
3213:
3201:
3200:
3188:
3187:
3175:
3174:
3162:
3161:
3149:
3148:
3136:
3135:
3123:
3122:
3110:
3109:
3097:
3096:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3037:
2910:
2868:
2819:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2736:
2727:Data related to
2726:
2717:
2712:
2711:
2695:
2694:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2639:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2548:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2403:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2354:
2345:(3): 1031–1045.
2327:
2321:
2320:
2310:
2293:(8): 2055–2070.
2277:
2266:
2265:
2255:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2128:. Archived from
2113:
2107:
2106:
2076:
2067:
2066:
2056:
2046:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1943:
1933:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1745:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1661:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1457:
1447:
1437:
1426:
1411:
1401:
1391:
1381:
1378:Xibalbanus cokei
1371:
1360:
1345:
1335:
1325:
1311:
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1291:
1281:
1268:
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1232:
1222:
1212:
1202:
1192:
1181:
1166:
1156:
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1102:
1089:
1079:
1068:
1053:
1043:
1032:
1017:
1007:
993:
980:
970:
960:
949:
934:
926:
915:
904:
902:Order Nectiopoda
890:
881:
868:
859:
848:
845:Tesnusocarididae
836:
685:
678:
656:
631:
609:
587:
514:
507:
497:
475:
465:
411:New research in
391:
190:
138:
137:
115:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
3311:
3310:
3306:
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2483:
2479:
2469:
2467:
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2455:
2451:
2441:
2439:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2380:Current Biology
2373:
2372:
2368:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2279:
2278:
2269:
2233:
2232:
2225:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2133:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2095:10.2307/1547965
2078:
2077:
2070:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2004:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1909:
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1897:
1882:
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1877:
1851:
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1747:
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1699:
1695:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1651:
1631:
1629:
1608:
1606:
1586:
1584:
1569:
1567:
1558:North West Cape
1547:
1545:
1526:
1524:
1504:Great Guana Cay
1477:
1475:
1472:
1132:Cryptocorynetes
957:Godzilliognomus
912:Micropacteridae
810:
805:
796:
787:
778:
769:
760:
751:
742:
718:
571:
547:
370:Lucayan Caverns
356:
297:
215:Micropacteridae
189:
132:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
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28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3309:
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3189:
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2754:
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2732:
2731:at Wikispecies
2719:
2718:
2702:
2701:External links
2699:
2697:
2696:
2661:
2617:
2590:(4): 354–362.
2570:
2526:
2477:
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2423:
2366:
2322:
2267:
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2188:(1): 167–186.
2172:
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2089:(3): 328–333.
2068:
2009:
2002:
1982:
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1955:
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1864:(4): 534–542.
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837:Birshtein 1960
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612:
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581:Allotriocarida
577:
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568:
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501:Multicrustacea
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455:Multicrustacea
436:Allotriocarida
355:
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329:pancrustaceans
322:hermaphrodites
318:filter feeding
296:
293:
275:Atlantic Ocean
246:
245:
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233:Speleonectidae
230:
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210:
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177:Allotriocarida
174:
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144:
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126:
125:
117:
116:
108:
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94:
89:
84:
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69:
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59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3308:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3264:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3246:
3242:
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2989:
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2959:Tantulocarida
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
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2932:
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2929:Mystacocarida
2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2893:
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2836:Euchelicerata
2833:
2827:
2824:
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2817:
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2801:
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2157:
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2147:
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2119:
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2109:
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2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2029:(5): e19627.
2028:
2024:
2020:
2013:
2010:
2005:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1906:
1903:
1898:
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1521:
1517:
1516:Abaco Islands
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1492:Sweetings Cay
1489:
1485:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1429:
1425:
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1423:Pleomothridae
1419:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1379:
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1221:
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1216:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1001:
1000:
997:
992:
991:
986:
979:
978:
974:
969:
968:
964:
963:
959:
958:
953:
952:
948:
947:
942:
933:
930:
929:
925:
924:
919:
918:
914:
913:
908:
907:
903:
900:
889:
885:
884:
880:
879:
874:
867:
863:
862:
858:
857:
852:
851:
847:
846:
840:
839:
835:
831:
830:
829:
827:
826:
821:
820:
815:
807:
800:
799:
791:
790:
782:
781:
773:
772:
764:
763:
755:
754:
746:
745:
737:
736:
733:
732:
726:
725:
722:
721:
713:
712:
709:
708:
702:
701:
698:
697:
694:
693:
687:
686:
680:
679:
673:
672:
669:
668:
665:
664:
658:
657:
651:
648:
647:
644:
643:
640:
639:
633:
632:
626:
625:
622:
621:
618:
617:
611:
610:
604:
603:
600:
599:
596:
595:
594:Cephalocarida
589:
588:
582:
579:
578:
575:
574:
566:
565:
562:
561:
555:
554:
551:
550:
542:
541:
538:
537:
531:
530:
527:
526:
523:
522:
516:
515:
509:
508:
502:
499:
498:
492:
491:
488:
487:
484:
483:
477:
476:
470:
467:
466:
462:
460:
456:
452:
447:
445:
441:
440:Cephalocarida
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:Cephalocarida
420:
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
399:
394:
392:
390:
385:
381:
380:
375:
371:
367:
363:
362:
353:
351:
349:
345:
340:
336:
334:
330:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
306:
302:
301:body segments
294:
292:
290:
286:
282:
281:
276:
272:
271:Caribbean Sea
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
240:Pleomothridae
239:
236:
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
220:
217:
214:
213:
211:
206:
205:
204:†Enantiopoda
203:
202:
200:
195:
191:J. Yager 1981
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
136:
131:
127:
124:
123:
118:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
3049:
3025:
2973:
2913:
2905:Pancrustacea
2802:Superphylum
2682:
2678:
2672:
2664:
2647:
2641:
2628:
2620:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2573:
2556:
2550:
2537:
2529:
2499:(2): 71–78.
2496:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2468:. Retrieved
2462:
2452:
2440:. Retrieved
2426:
2383:
2379:
2369:
2342:
2336:
2325:
2290:
2286:
2243:
2239:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2163:. Retrieved
2155:
2146:
2134:. Retrieved
2130:the original
2121:
2111:
2086:
2080:
2026:
2022:
2012:
1992:
1985:
1965:
1958:
1921:
1915:
1905:
1885:
1878:
1861:
1857:
1847:
1835:. Retrieved
1813:
1803:
1754:
1750:
1726:. Retrieved
1715:
1706:
1696:
1674:(1): 33–51.
1671:
1665:
1619:Quintana Roo
1537:North Caicos
1496:Grand Bahama
1452:
1442:
1432:
1420:
1406:
1396:
1386:
1376:
1366:
1357:Xibalbanidae
1354:
1340:
1330:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1296:
1286:
1278:Speleonectes
1276:
1263:
1253:
1241:
1227:
1217:
1207:
1197:
1187:
1178:Morlockiidae
1175:
1161:
1151:
1140:
1130:
1117:
1107:
1097:
1084:
1074:
1062:
1048:
1038:
1026:
1012:
1002:
995:
988:
975:
965:
955:
946:Godzilliidae
943:
931:
921:
909:
901:
887:
876:
865:
856:Tesnusocaris
854:
842:
833:
823:
817:
813:
811:
729:
705:
690:
661:
637:
636:
616:Branchiopoda
614:
592:
560:Malacostraca
558:
534:
519:
480:
469:Pancrustacea
459:Pancrustacea
448:
428:Branchiopoda
421:
417:Malacostraca
410:
395:
386:
377:
359:
357:
343:
341:
337:
326:
298:
278:
250:
249:
237:Xibalbanidae
229:Morlockiidae
219:Godzilliidae
186:
173:Superclass:
120:
29:
3180:iNaturalist
3074:Wikispecies
2863:Mandibulata
2814:Chelicerata
2798:Protostomia
2796:(unranked)
2790:(unranked)
2784:Subkingdom
2459:"Remipedia"
2246:: 215–233.
2165:October 25,
2136:October 25,
1815:Nature News
1724:. tamug.edu
1703:"Remipedia"
1625:Caye_Chapel
1500:Great Exuma
1326:Yager, 1981
1302:Yager, 1994
1255:Lasionectes
971:Yager, 1989
923:Micropacter
905:Schram 1986
891:Schram 1974
882:Schram 1974
878:Cryptocaris
869:Brooks 1955
860:Brooks 1955
849:Brooks 1955
521:Thecostraca
482:Oligostraca
451:Oligostraca
398:Mandibulata
366:cave diving
295:Description
289:subtropical
255:crustaceans
212:Nectiopoda
3280:Categories
2767:Arthropoda
2470:7 February
2442:7 February
1728:9 February
1649:References
1512:Cat Island
1508:Exuma Cays
1448:Yager 1989
1438:Yager 1989
1434:Pleomothra
1368:Xibalbanus
1282:Yager 1981
1248:Yager 1981
1157:Yager 1987
1136:Yager 1987
1029:Kumongidae
990:Godzillius
961:Yager 1989
814:Nectiopoda
707:Collembola
444:Xenocarida
305:appendages
273:, and the
223:Kumongidae
167:Arthropoda
3286:Remipedia
3107:Remipedia
3094:Remipedia
3080:Remipedia
3050:Remipedia
2974:Remipedia
2915:Crustacea
2890:Pauropoda
2872:Myriapoda
2804:Ecdysozoa
2792:Bilateria
2786:Eumetazoa
2729:Remipedia
2685:: 61–68.
2650:: 31–46.
2559:: 21–28.
2218:207597767
2202:0066-4170
1969:. BRILL.
1889:. BRILL.
1779:0028-0836
1623:Belize -
1597:Lanzarote
1554:Australia
1312:Daenekas
1189:Morlockia
1076:Kaloketos
638:Remipedia
402:Crustacea
389:remipedes
267:Australia
251:Remipedia
187:Remipedia
153:Kingdom:
147:Eukaryota
35:Remipedes
18:Remipedes
3059:Wikidata
2984:Hexapoda
2954:Copepoda
2885:Symphyla
2780:Animalia
2778:Kingdom
2638:excerpt)
2612:10850210
2604:26106696
2547:excerpt)
2418:14406214
2410:26439349
2361:22049065
2317:31270537
2262:22977117
2210:21910637
2063:21625553
2023:PLOS ONE
1950:15004272
1832:87091184
1787:20147900
1099:Angirasu
650:Hexapoda
536:Copepoda
432:Hexapoda
406:Hexapoda
333:tagmosis
320:. Being
263:aquifers
259:hexapods
163:Phylum:
157:Animalia
143:Domain:
3237:1078998
3065:Q490800
2765:Extant
2679:Zootaxa
2643:Zootaxa
2584:Zootaxa
2552:Zootaxa
2521:8082592
2501:Bibcode
2388:Bibcode
2308:6684935
2103:1547965
2054:3098257
2031:Bibcode
1795:4427443
1759:Bibcode
1676:Bibcode
1484:Bahamas
1421:Family
1355:Family
1242:Family
1176:Family
1063:Family
1040:Kumonga
1027:Family
994:Schram
944:Family
910:Family
875:Genus †
853:Genus †
843:Family
731:Insecta
692:Diplura
663:Protura
372:on the
183:Class:
3211:609933
3185:144130
3159:1REMIC
3026:italic
2610:
2602:
2519:
2416:
2408:
2359:
2315:
2305:
2260:
2216:
2208:
2200:
2101:
2061:
2051:
2000:
1973:
1948:
1941:374336
1938:
1893:
1837:10 May
1830:
1793:
1785:
1777:
1751:Nature
1635:
1615:Mexico
1612:
1590:
1573:
1551:
1530:
1488:Andros
1481:
1431:Genus
1365:Genus
1316:, 2009
1314:et al.
1275:Genus
1252:Genus
1186:Genus
1148:
1129:Genus
1096:Genus
1073:Genus
1037:Genus
998:, 1986
996:et al.
987:Genus
954:Genus
920:Genus
430:, and
269:, the
3258:WoRMS
3250:22211
3224:84343
3193:IRMNG
2608:S2CID
2517:S2CID
2414:S2CID
2214:S2CID
2099:JSTOR
1828:S2CID
1791:S2CID
1593:Spain
384:Latin
314:venom
3263:1067
3219:NCBI
3206:ITIS
3198:1327
3167:GBIF
3154:EPPO
3146:1495
3115:BOLD
2683:1543
2648:3190
2600:PMID
2588:3710
2557:3115
2472:2022
2444:2022
2406:PMID
2357:PMID
2313:PMID
2258:PMID
2206:PMID
2198:ISSN
2167:2013
2138:2013
2059:PMID
1998:ISBN
1971:ISBN
1946:PMID
1891:ISBN
1839:2015
1783:PMID
1775:ISSN
1730:2018
1576:Cuba
822:and
453:and
312:and
46:PreꞒ
3172:236
3141:EoL
3128:CoL
3102:AFD
3089:ADW
2687:doi
2652:doi
2636:PDF
2592:doi
2561:doi
2545:PDF
2509:doi
2396:doi
2347:doi
2303:PMC
2295:doi
2248:doi
2190:doi
2091:doi
2049:PMC
2039:doi
1936:PMC
1926:doi
1922:101
1866:doi
1820:doi
1767:doi
1755:463
1684:doi
1510:),
368:in
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