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able to enter heaven. While waiting for his judgement outside the realm of heaven Ibn al-Qāriḥ feels nervous about the prospects of his judgement, knowing he has led a life of schmoozing to rich men and bones and sins he decides to write a poem to the guards of heaven. He fails but continues to find ways to evade hell until he manages to get a pardon from the
Islamic prophet Muhammad. After going to heaven, Ibn al-Qāriḥ decides to visit hell. He finds it to be filled with the greatest of Arab poets. He returns to heaven and there he finds Adam. He asks Adam if he truly said "we are created from earth and shall return to earth". Adam says no.
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of his own extraordinary learning, and further by offering an imaginary and derisive depiction of Ibn al-Qāriḥ in the
Islamic afterworld. There, Ibn al-Qāriḥ is repeatedly taken by surprise at the mercy of the Almighty, as he discovers in the heavenly garden poets and men of letters that he himself
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In a mixed timeline of events, the story starts with Ibn al-Qāriḥ in heaven. Al-Maʿarri depicts heaven, as described in the Quran, as a place of pleasures. Everything forbidden in life becomes permissible and all desires are fulfilled with God's grace. The story then explains how Ibn al-Qāriḥ was
148:, or heretics. He thereby insinuates a challenge to the religious beliefs of al-Maʿarrī, who expressed in his poetry ideas considered heretical by many. Al-Maʿarrī takes up this challenge in his response,
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had condemned as unbelievers. Hence the title of al-Maʿarrī’s epistle and its abiding message: that man should not presume to limit God’s mercy.
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In his epistle, Ibn al-Qāriḥ sanctimoniously flaunts his own learning and orthodoxy by impugning a number of poets and scholars for being
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The
Epistle of Forgiveness, Volume Two: Or, a Pardon to Enter the Garden: Hypocrites, Heretics, and Other Sinners,
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The Snake in the Tree in Abu al-ʿAlaʾ al-Maʿarri’s
Epistle of Forgiveness: Critical Essay and Translation
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The Snake in the Tree in Abu al-ʿAlaʾ al-Maʿarri’s
Epistle of Forgiveness: Critical Essay and Translation
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The Snake in the Tree in Abu al-ʿAlaʾ al-Maʿarri’s
Epistle of Forgiveness: Critical Essay and Translation
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The
Epistle of Forgiveness, Volume One: A Vision of Heaven and Hell Preceded by Ibn al-Qāriḥ’s Epistle
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Translated by Haidar
Shojaei. 1st ed. (Tehran: Majd Scientific and Cultural Association, 1379)
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ed. and trans. by Geert Jan Van Gelder and Gregor
Schoeler (New York University Press 2014).
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Paradies und Hölle: Die
Jenseitsreise aus dem “Sendschreiben über die Vergebung”
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The work is a response to a letter sent to al-Maʿarri by a self-righteous
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by Abū’l-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī, Summarized and Partially translated',
195:(The Epistle of Forgiveness, translated by Abdul Mohammad Ayati)
227:, trans. by Vincent-Mansour Monteil (Paris: Gallimard, 1984).
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English translation of the book by Geert Jan van Gelder and
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215:(1900), 637-720; (1902), 75-101, 337-62, 813-47.
135:. In the words of Suzanne Pinckney Stetkevych:
105:has had an influence on, or has even inspired,
241:, ed. and trans. by Geert Jan van Gelder and
219:Risālat al-Ghufrān li-Abī al-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī
99:around 1033 CE. It has been claimed that the
27:Work of Arabic poetry by al-Ma'arri (c. 1033)
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197:2nd ed. (Tehran: Ashrafi Publications, 1357)
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131:, ʿAlī ibn Manṣūr al-Ḥalabī, known as
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383:11th-century Arabic-language books
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348:Suzanne Pinckney Stetkevych, '
310:Suzanne Pinckney Stetkevych, '
259:Suzanne Pinckney Stetkevych, '
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329:The New Encyclopedia of Islam
354:Journal of Arabic Literature
316:Journal of Arabic Literature
265:Journal of Arabic Literature
202:(The Epistle of Forgiveness)
193:آمرزش؛ ترجمه عبدالمحمد آیتی
181:Library of Arabic Literature
408:Fiction about the afterlife
327:Cyril Glassé, Huston Smith
207:Reynold A. Nicholson, 'The
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393:Medieval Arabic literature
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247:New York University Press
230:Abū al-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī,
188:Editions and translations
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252:Abū l-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī,
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331:Rowman Altamira, 2003
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55:Original title
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31:Risālat al-Ghufrān
388:11th-century poems
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225:L’Épître du pardon
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154:, by presenting a
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125:grammarian
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89:satirical
272:See also
249:, 2013).
91:work of
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179:in the
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