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by the ICSC (International
Council of Shopping Centers), who state that they typically have a "wider range of apparel and other soft goods offerings than neighborhood centers. The center is usually configured in a straight line as a strip, or may be laid out in an L or U shape, depending on the site
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Retail parks generally are located in highly accessible locations and are aimed at households owning a car, though there are often also bus services. They are an alternative to city centre shopping districts. Such developments have been encouraged by cheaper, more affordable land on the outskirts of
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Town planning policies which favour retail park development pose a threat to high streets as customers are deterred from high street stores. However, most retail parks are the result of lack of planning rather than pro-car policies; car-centric urban planning such as retail parks are 'the unwitting
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Retail parks have been growing in
Continental Europe: according to Cushman & Wakefield, who defines a retail park as an open-air centre with more than 5,000 sq. m. of retail space, total retail space in retail parks in Europe was predicted to be around 40 million sq. m. at the end of 2017. The
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Retail parks normally have large car parks (parking lots) and are not designed for people to browse, but instead for more direct shopping trips. This has meant retail parks have faced economic competition from
Internet retail, since they have not historically offered the same experience factor as
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amount of floor space in retail parks increased by 836,000 square meters in 2015, and 1.3 million square metres in 2016. France accounted for 54% of the new retail space in
Western Europe, followed by Britain at 17% and Italy at 10%. At 70,000 sq. m., the "Steel" retail park in
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is usually a supermarket. Owing to their out-of-town sites, abundance of free parking and proximity to major roads, retail parks are often easier to reach than central shopping areas, and as a result, town centres are less attractive to retailers.
255:). According to a 2003 book on retail property locations, the American power center technically does not exist anywhere in the United Kingdom, but "the nearest British equivalent to the power centre is the large retail park."
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found that, due to anthropogenic climate change, catastrophic rain and floods will happen more frequently and with greater severity. During periods of heavy rain, retail parks in the UK see an increase in customer footfall.
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In the U.S., "retail park" is neither the common nor industry term. A shopping centre that in Europe is considered a retail park might fall into one of several categories in North
American industry terms:
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is a type of shopping centre found on the fringes of most large towns and cities in the United
Kingdom and other European countries. They form a key aspect of European retail geographies, alongside indoor
261:: Slightly larger centers 125,000 to 400,000 square feet (11,600 to 37,200 m) with general merchandise or convenience- oriented offerings are termed as community centers or
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towns and cities, and with loose planning controls in a number of
Enterprise Zones, making planning and development very easy. There are over 1,500 retail parks across the UK.
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More recently, many high street retailers have moved to retail parks, since retail parks offer cheaper rents and cheaper parking for customers. For example, in the UK,
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Retail parks have a number of retailers in a single location, but as opposed to an indoor centre, there is no roof, and they are therefore not weatherproof.
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Bromley, Rosemary D. F.; Thomas, Colin J. (24 May 1988). "Retail Parks: Spatial and
Functional Integration of Retail Units in the Swansea Enterprise Zone".
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This article is about open-air shopping centers in Europe with mostly retail warehouse (big box) tenants. For the equivalent in North
America, see
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Retail parks originate from out of town retail location containing big box retailers which are not suited to pedestrianised
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The
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town centre retail. Vacancy rates in shopping centres in the UK are almost twice those of retail parks.
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541:"Changing geographies of retail: does the high street have a future? â Oxford Brookes University"
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239:: Even larger centers of 250,000 to 600,000 square feet (23,000 to 56,000 m) are considered
272:: Open-air centers under 30,000 square feet (2,800 m) are generally considered strip malls.
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517:"Crisis in retail: the UK town centres struggling to survive"
408:"DEVELOPMENT OF RETAIL PARKS ACCELERATES THROUGHOUT EUROPE",
243:, typically anchored by category-killer big box stores (e.g.
652:"Blow to UK high street as more retailers move out of town"
627:"Retailers to face more disruptions due to climate change"
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define a retail park as any shopping centre with mostly
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was cited as the largest planned project at that time.
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Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers
412:: the European Placemaking Magazine, August 23, 2016
104:, such as garden centres, home stores supermarkets.
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144:. However, retail parks are likely to benefit from
171:, electrical stores, carpet and others â and the
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515:Eley, Jonathan; Hammond, George (2020-12-04).
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193:Large retail park with outlets of Kuloinen,
566:"Why is Britain so bad at planning cities?"
167:, including furniture, clothes or footwear
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247:) incl. discount department stores (e.g.
163:Typically, retail parks host a range of
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373:. Cusman & Wakefield. Summer 2019.
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371:"European Retail Parks: What's Next"
132:result of a set of planning rules'.
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589:O'Driscoll, Conor (2021-10-05).
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855:Shopping streets and districts
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292:Kingsway West Retail Park in
981:Model dwellings for the poor
564:Rudlin, David (2019-04-11).
328:Neighborhood shopping center
251:) and wholesale clubs (e.g.
223:neighborhood shopping center
36:neighborhood shopping center
430:Long, Julian (2014-10-16).
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700:Schiller, Russell (2001).
677:"US Center Classification"
263:large neighborhood centers
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180:Prevalence outside the UK
71:, standalone stores like
777:Real estate developments
27:Unenclosed shopping area
986:Multifamily residential
456:"Retail Park Evolution"
432:"Retail Park Evolution"
349:Types of retail outlets
83:Cushman & Wakefield
1340:Shopping malls by type
1335:Power centers (retail)
936:Conservation community
606:Cite journal requires
460:Foundation Recruitment
436:Foundation Recruitment
386:Cite journal requires
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87:retail warehouse units
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1031:Single-room occupancy
976:Mixed-use development
961:Intentional community
946:Golf course community
808:Mixed-use development
322:Power center (retail)
219:power center (retail)
207:Saint-Ãtienne, France
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75:and more traditional
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32:power center (retail)
1100:Garden city movement
1016:Retirement community
339:Festival marketplace
50:, a retail park and
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991:Penthouse apartment
878:Industrial district
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888:Technology centers
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1238:Land-use planning
1120:Urban green space
1115:Planned community
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996:Private community
545:www.brookes.ac.uk
302:Tesco hypermarket
259:Community centers
109:Marks and Spencer
16:(Redirected from
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1283:Urban design
1208:Construction
1095:Civic center
1072:Science park
931:Company town
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830:Power center
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737:SmartCentres
717:. Retrieved
702:
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684:. Retrieved
656:the Guardian
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634:. Retrieved
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599:cite journal
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570:the Guardian
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462:. 2014-10-16
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73:hypermarkets
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18:Retail parks
1243:Nonbuilding
1172:Tower block
1036:Subdivision
898:Residential
835:Retail park
719:14 November
488:(1): 4â18.
270:Strip malls
169:superstores
136:Environment
64:retail park
48:Manufaktura
1329:Categories
1268:Playground
1167:Skyscraper
921:City block
865:Industrial
840:Riverfront
785:Commercial
686:2020-05-16
636:2022-02-27
575:2022-02-27
550:2022-02-27
526:2022-02-27
466:2022-02-27
441:2022-02-27
355:References
344:Strip mall
227:strip mall
217:See also:
1150:Apartment
1137:Buildings
1082:Municipal
971:McMansion
119:Geography
1198:Cemetery
1090:Arcology
906:Agrihood
310:See also
298:Scotland
245:Best Buy
58:, Poland
1258:Parking
793:Airport
199:Finland
96:History
1298:Zoning
1057:Campus
823:inland
710:
502:622771
500:
410:Across
294:Dundee
253:Costco
249:Target
225:, and
195:Raisio
151:Nature
1293:YIMBY
1248:NIMBY
1177:Villa
1160:types
1155:House
1141:types
1125:parks
680:(PDF)
498:JSTOR
1253:Park
818:Port
721:2022
708:ISBN
612:help
392:help
113:Next
111:and
56:Åódź
34:and
490:doi
54:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
