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Retching comprises a rhythmically alternating (about once per second) elevation and descension of the entire pharyngolaryngo-esophago-gastric apparatus in synchrony with the movement of the diaphragm. The function of retching may be to mix gastric contents with intestinal refluxate to buffer gastric
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for pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting. Wristbands with acupressure buttons are commercially available. An implanted device with attached electrodes into the gastric wall can be an option for patients with refractory nausea and vomiting.
126:. This, along with contraction of the abdomen, leads to a pressure difference between the abdominal and thoracic cavities. As a result, the stomach and gastric contents are displaced upwards toward the thoracic cavity.
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contents before gastroesophageal reflux and to impart a momentum to the gastric contents before vomiting. Airway protection during retching is accomplished by glottal closure during retches and constriction of the
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Andrews, PL; Davis, CJ; Bingham, S; Davidson, HI; Hawthorn, J; Maskell, L (February 1990). "The abdominal visceral innervation and the emetic reflex: pathways, pharmacology, and plasticity".
66:. It can be caused by bad smells or choking, or by withdrawal from certain medications, or after vomiting has completed. Retching can also occur as a result of an emotional response or from
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thoracic and abdominal pressure. Retches and vomits are commonly lumped together in behavioral analyses and consequently the neural controls for these processes are not well delineated.
114:, speech is not possible during retching. The characteristic movements furnish a ready diagnostic sign of the retching phase. Schindler (1937) studied retching on two occasions during
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Vomiting (the expulsion of gastric contents) is usually preceded by retching, but retching and vomiting can occur separately and involve different sets of muscles. During a retch,
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with intestinal refluxate in order to buffer the former and give it momentum in preparation of vomiting. Treatments include medication and correction of the
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Lang, IM; Dana, N; Medda, BK; Shaker, R (September 2002). "Mechanisms of airway protection during retching, vomiting, and swallowing".
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The treatments for significant retching include correction of fluid and electrolyte balance, nutritional support and medications like
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122:, thickened quickly, came together and completely closed the antrum. Retching involves a deep inspiration against a closed
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154:, which may serve to position gastric contents and overcome esophageal resistance. Conversely, a vomit occurs with
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are opposed by the expiratory contractions of the abdominal musculature. At the same time, movements of the
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218:). Alternative approaches are also available. The best-studied alternative therapy is perhaps the use of
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and its contents take place. Whereas a patient will complain of disagreeable sensations during
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closed. During this time, the inspiratory (inhalatory) movements of the chest wall and
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Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
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The retching phase is characterized by a series of violent spasmodic
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and noted that longitudinal folds appeared in the previously smooth
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441:"Why is the neurobiology of nausea and vomiting so important?"
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Reverse movement of the stomach and esophagus without vomiting
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The
Pyloric Sphincteric Cylinder in Health and Disease
325:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 145.
336:Keet, AD (1998). "Nausea, Retching, and Vomiting".
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383:Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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353:Berne, Robert M.; Matthew N. Levy (2004).
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496:. American College of Gastroenterology.
494:Patient Education & Resource Center
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488:Porter, Ryan F.; Gyawali, C. Prakash.
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439:Horn, Charles (11 October 2007).
357:. Elsevier Mosby. p. 557.
422:News in Physiological Sciences
416:Grelot, L; Miller, AD (1994).
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418:"Vomiting - Its Ins and Outs"
188:dopamine receptor antagonists
457:10.1016/j.appet.2007.09.015
50:) is the reverse movement (
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519:Digestive disease symptoms
150:and abdominal pressure is
132:upper esophageal sphincter
239:Regurgitation (digestion)
300:10.1152/ajpgi.00062.2002
477:. nihmsid: NIHMS42868.
98:contractions with the
490:"Nausea and Vomiting"
321:Schindler, R (1937).
264:"Vomiting and Nausea"
342:. PLiG. p. 122.
272:. February 12, 2012.
80:electrolyte balance
233:Pharyngeal reflex
144:thoracic pressure
134:between retches.
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19:Medical condition
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212:anticholinergics
180:5-HT3 antagonist
72:gastric contents
52:retroperistalsis
36:Gastroenterology
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323:Gastroscopy
220:acupressure
216:scopolamine
116:gastroscopy
48:dry heaving
508:Categories
355:Physiology
250:References
162:Treatments
86:Physiology
269:eMedicine
204:Dramamine
190:(such as
182:(such as
176:Phenergan
172:Compazine
170:(such as
156:increased
152:increased
148:decreased
104:diaphragm
60:esophagus
54:) of the
31:Specialty
524:Vomiting
514:Reflexes
475:17996982
445:Appetite
308:12181164
244:Vomiting
227:See also
208:Benadryl
200:Antivert
96:thoracic
92:abdomino
64:vomiting
62:without
44:Retching
25:Retching
466:2274963
403:2178756
124:glottis
108:stomach
100:glottis
56:stomach
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210:) and
192:Reglan
184:Zofran
120:antrum
112:nausea
68:stress
76:fluid
471:PMID
399:PMID
359:ISBN
304:PMID
174:and
78:and
58:and
461:PMC
453:doi
391:doi
296:doi
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194:),
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146:is
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