130:, for instance, and reach its peak in 6–10 days. If reticulocyte production is not raised in response to anemia, then the anemia may be due to an acute cause with insufficient time to compensate, or there is a defect with red blood cell production in the bone marrow. Marrow defects include nutritional deficiencies (i.e. iron, folate, or B
676:
Whereas normal reticulocytes lose their RNA within 24 hours, a severely anemic patient with a full erythropoietin response will release reticulocytes that take from 2-3 days to lose their RNA. This has the effect of raising the reticulocyte count simply because reticulocytes produced on any single
142:, or "aplastic crisis", is the medical term for an abnormal decrease of reticulocytes in the body The reticulocyte production index may find new use as a more reliable detector of erythropoietin-doping in athletes. The use of this method is referred to as "biological passport."
93:
379:
103:
855:
612:
922:
RI < 0.5% with anemia indicates maturation disorder, meaning loss of red blood cells, but also decreased production of reticulocytes (i.e., an inadequate response to correct the anemia) and therefore red blood
926:
RI > 2.5% with anemia indicates loss of red blood cells (from causes such as destruction, bleeding, etc.), with an increased compensatory production of reticulocytes to replace the lost red blood cells.
119:. The presence of RNA allows a visible blue stain to bind or, in the case of fluorescent dye, result in a different brightness. This allows them to be detected and counted as a distinct population.
126:
is producing an appropriate response to an anemic state. Reticulocyte production should increase in response to any loss of red blood cells. It should increase within 2–3 days of a major acute
662:
906:
689:) whenever polychromasia (the presence of immature marrow reticulocytes or "shift" cells) is observed on the smear or the immature fraction on the automated counter is increased.
393:
The next step is to correct for the longer life span of prematurely released reticulocytes in the blood—a phenomenon of increased red blood cell production. This relies on a table:
1141:
1533:
158:
1538:
1485:
1194:
1523:
694:
448:
1134:
1419:
1528:
1470:
1204:
1507:
115:
are newly produced red blood cells. They are slightly larger than totally mature red blood cells, and have some residual ribosomal
1431:
1023:
79:
1566:
1127:
1333:
1460:
1218:
1455:
677:
day will spend more than 1 day in circulation as reticulocytes and, therefore, will be counted for 2 or more days. The
1377:
1343:
1189:
1465:
1316:
930:
Interpretation of these values are not standard and vary based on specific laboratory values and clinical context.
619:
1426:
1223:
1303:
1048:
82:. In anemia, the patient's red blood cells are depleted, creating an erroneously elevated reticulocyte count.
1049:"HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS | Hematology in Clinical Practice, 5e | AccessHemOnc | McGraw Hill Medical"
860:
1387:
1199:
1321:
1213:
1184:
70:
count is misleading in anemic patients. The problem arises because the reticulocyte count is not really a
1518:
1497:
1273:
443:
in a person whose reticulocyte percentage is 5%, hemoglobin 7.5 g/dL, hematocrit 25%, the RPI would be:
1079:
681:
method for correcting the reticulocyte count, to obtain a more accurate daily production index, is to
1599:
1448:
1414:
1285:
1235:
1161:
1298:
1106:
1443:
1247:
1242:
1576:
1349:
970:
139:
1475:
1372:
1367:
1310:
1293:
960:
374:{\displaystyle CorrectedReticPercentage=ReticPercentage*{Hematocrit \over NormalHematocrit}}
92:
1260:
1571:
1480:
1409:
1230:
1179:
383:
This calculation is to correct for the severity of the anemia. A value of 45% (or 0,45
135:
1027:
1593:
1399:
1382:
1326:
1279:
919:
The reticulocyte index (RI) should be between 0.5% and 2.5% for a healthy individual.
1561:
1492:
1268:
112:
96:
67:
1359:
1338:
123:
106:
1556:
1436:
1392:
1174:
1169:
1153:
1150:
127:
974:
850:{\displaystyle RI=ReticPercentage*{Hematocrit \over NormalHematocrit}*0.5}
1119:
607:{\displaystyle RPI={CorrectedReticPercentage \over MaturationCorrection}}
102:
1502:
27:
669:
Alternatively some books provide the following formula and is called
63:
1080:"Practical Pediatric Hematology | Anemia | Red Blood Cell"
965:
948:
78:: it reports the number of reticulocytes as a percentage of the
1123:
116:
1107:"Sysmex Europe GMBH - Lighting the way with diagnostics"
150:
Reticulocyte
Production Index is calculated as follows:
863:
697:
622:
451:
161:
40:
is a calculated value used in the diagnosis of anemia
387:) is usually used as a normal hematocrit for males.
1549:
1358:
1258:
1160:
36:
26:
21:
1013:(Fourth Edition) Blackwell Science (Oxford), 2001.
900:
849:
656:
606:
373:
62:), is a calculated value used in the diagnosis of
66:. This calculation is necessary because the raw
1000:. (15th Edition). McGraw Hill (New York), 2001.
992:Adamson JW, Longo DL. Anemia and polycythemia.
1534:aPTT-based activated protein C resistance test
1096:,6th Ed, Wiley and Blackwell; West Sussex, UK.
402:Retic survival (days) = maturation correction
138:, the stimulus for red blood cell production.
1539:ETP-based activated protein C resistance test
1135:
657:{\displaystyle ={{5*{25 \over 45}} \over 2}=}
8:
683:divide the corrected count by a factor of 2
1142:
1128:
1120:
1069:(Fifth Edition) McGraw-Hill (LANGE), 2010.
998:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
1195:Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
988:
986:
984:
964:
879:
862:
755:
696:
635:
628:
626:
621:
464:
450:
285:
160:
395:
101:
91:
1524:Ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation
1486:Activated protein C–protein C inhibitor
939:
901:{\displaystyle RI=5*{25 \over 45}*0.5=}
16:Calculated value in diagnosis of anemia
122:The RPI is used to assess whether the
18:
1092:Hoffbrand, A.V, Moss, P.A.H, (2011),
7:
1567:Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride test
1529:Activated protein C resistance test
14:
1420:Dilute Russell's viper venom time
1205:Red blood cell distribution width
1432:Calibrated automated thrombogram
1067:Hematology in Clinical Practice.
1461:Coagulation activation markers
1334:Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
1:
1471:Thrombin–antithrombin complex
1219:White blood cell differential
48:reticulocyte production index
22:Reticulocyte production index
1456:Overall hemostatic potential
56:corrected reticulocyte count
1378:Partial thromboplastin time
1344:Monocyte distribution width
1190:Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
1616:
1317:Hemoglobin electrophoresis
1466:Prothrombin fragments 1+2
1427:Thrombin generation assay
1224:Absolute neutrophil count
80:number of red blood cells
949:"Racing Just To Keep Up"
1388:Activated clotting time
1200:Mean corpuscular volume
671:Reticulocyte Index (RI)
1322:Sickle solubility test
1214:White blood cell count
1185:Red blood cell indices
1065:R. S. Hillman, et al.
1011:Essential Haematology.
902:
851:
658:
608:
375:
109:
99:
1519:Von Willebrand factor
1498:Euglobulin lysis time
1437:ST Genesia-based test
1094:Essential Haemotology
1024:"UAB Hematopathology"
1009:Hoffbrand AV, et al.
903:
852:
659:
609:
376:
105:
95:
1512:-antiplasmin complex
1449:Thrombodynamics test
1415:Ecarin clotting time
1304:Kleihauer–Betke test
1236:Mean platelet volume
1180:Red blood cell count
1162:Complete blood count
1053:hemonc.mhmedical.com
996:Braunwald E, et al.
861:
695:
620:
449:
159:
1444:Thromboelastography
1274:Total blood volume
1248:Reticulocyte index
1243:Reticulocyte count
898:
847:
687:or multiply with ½
654:
604:
371:
146:Calculation of RPI
134:) or insufficient
110:
100:
1587:
1586:
1577:Immunophenotyping
1350:Osmotic fragility
947:Callaway (2011).
887:
839:
649:
643:
602:
438:
437:
369:
140:Reticulocytopenia
54:), also called a
44:
43:
1607:
1476:Fibrinopeptide A
1373:Prothrombin time
1368:Clotting factors
1311:Hemoglobinopathy
1294:Fetal hemoglobin
1144:
1137:
1130:
1121:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1103:
1097:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1070:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1026:. Archived from
1020:
1014:
1007:
1001:
990:
979:
978:
968:
944:
907:
905:
904:
899:
888:
880:
856:
854:
853:
848:
840:
838:
788:
756:
663:
661:
660:
655:
650:
645:
644:
636:
627:
613:
611:
610:
605:
603:
601:
539:
465:
396:
380:
378:
377:
372:
370:
368:
318:
286:
19:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1562:Blood viscosity
1545:
1511:
1481:Fibrin monomers
1354:
1299:Apt–Downey test
1286:Red cell volume
1261:red blood cells
1259:Other tests of
1254:
1156:
1148:
1118:
1117:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1091:
1087:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1064:
1060:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1033:
1031:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1008:
1004:
991:
982:
966:10.1038/475283a
959:(7356): 283–5.
946:
945:
941:
936:
916:
859:
858:
789:
757:
693:
692:
618:
617:
540:
466:
447:
446:
399:Hematocrit (%)
319:
287:
157:
156:
148:
133:
90:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1613:
1611:
1603:
1602:
1592:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1572:Flow cytometry
1569:
1564:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1458:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1410:Reptilase time
1402:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1364:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1265:
1263:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1231:Platelet count
1228:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1177:
1172:
1166:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1124:
1116:
1115:
1098:
1085:
1071:
1058:
1040:
1015:
1002:
980:
938:
937:
935:
932:
928:
927:
924:
920:
915:
914:Interpretation
912:
897:
894:
891:
886:
883:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
846:
843:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
653:
648:
642:
639:
634:
631:
625:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
463:
460:
457:
454:
436:
435:
432:
428:
427:
424:
420:
419:
416:
412:
411:
408:
404:
403:
400:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
233:
230:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
167:
164:
147:
144:
136:erythropoietin
131:
89:
86:
42:
41:
38:
34:
33:
30:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1612:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1405:animal enzyme
1403:
1401:
1400:Bleeding time
1398:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1383:Thrombin time
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1327:Mentzer index
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1280:Plasma volume
1278:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1257:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1030:on 2009-09-16
1029:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1003:
999:
995:
989:
987:
985:
981:
976:
972:
967:
962:
958:
954:
950:
943:
940:
933:
931:
925:
921:
918:
917:
913:
911:
910:
895:
892:
889:
884:
881:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
844:
841:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
690:
688:
684:
680:
674:
672:
667:
666:
651:
646:
640:
637:
632:
629:
623:
616:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
461:
458:
455:
452:
444:
442:
433:
431:15 and below
430:
429:
425:
422:
421:
417:
414:
413:
409:
406:
405:
401:
398:
397:
394:
392:
388:
386:
381:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
315:
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
267:
264:
261:
258:
255:
252:
249:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
171:
168:
165:
162:
155:
151:
145:
143:
141:
137:
129:
125:
120:
118:
114:
113:Reticulocytes
108:
104:
98:
94:
87:
85:
83:
81:
77:
74:but rather a
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
39:
35:
31:
29:
25:
20:
1493:Fibrinolysis
1404:
1269:Blood volume
1101:
1093:
1088:
1074:
1066:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1032:. Retrieved
1028:the original
1018:
1010:
1005:
997:
993:
956:
952:
942:
929:
908:
691:
686:
682:
678:
675:
670:
668:
664:
614:
445:
440:
439:
390:
389:
384:
382:
153:
152:
149:
121:
111:
97:Reticulocyte
84:
75:
71:
68:reticulocyte
59:
55:
51:
47:
45:
1600:Blood tests
1360:Coagulation
1339:Haptoglobin
1154:blood tests
124:bone marrow
107:Erythrocyte
1557:Blood film
1393:Fibrinogen
1175:Hematocrit
1170:Hemoglobin
1151:Hematology
1034:2009-02-07
934:References
128:hemorrhage
88:Physiology
76:percentage
1508:Plasmin-α
890:∗
877:∗
842:∗
753:∗
633:∗
283:∗
1594:Category
1313:testing
975:21776058
679:simplest
28:Synonyms
1503:D-Dimer
37:Purpose
973:
953:Nature
923:cells.
615:→ RPI
423:16-25
415:26-35
407:36-45
64:anemia
1550:Other
1346:(MDW)
1288:(RCV)
1276:(TBV)
1110:(PDF)
72:count
1282:(PV)
971:PMID
434:2.5
426:2.0
418:1.5
410:1.0
46:The
994:in:
961:doi
957:475
909:1.4
893:0.5
857:→
845:0.5
665:1.4
441:So,
385:L/L
117:RNA
60:CRC
52:RPI
32:CRC
1596::
1051:.
983:^
969:.
955:.
951:.
885:45
882:25
673::
641:45
638:25
391:2.
154:1.
132:12
1510:2
1143:e
1136:t
1129:v
1112:.
1082:.
1055:.
1037:.
977:.
963::
896:=
874:5
871:=
868:I
865:R
836:t
833:i
830:r
827:c
824:o
821:t
818:a
815:m
812:e
809:H
806:l
803:a
800:m
797:r
794:o
791:N
786:t
783:i
780:r
777:c
774:o
771:t
768:a
765:m
762:e
759:H
750:e
747:g
744:a
741:t
738:n
735:e
732:c
729:r
726:e
723:P
720:c
717:i
714:t
711:e
708:R
705:=
702:I
699:R
685:(
652:=
647:2
630:5
624:=
599:n
596:o
593:i
590:t
587:c
584:e
581:r
578:r
575:o
572:C
569:n
566:o
563:i
560:t
557:a
554:r
551:u
548:t
545:a
542:M
537:e
534:g
531:a
528:t
525:n
522:e
519:c
516:r
513:e
510:P
507:c
504:i
501:t
498:e
495:R
492:d
489:e
486:t
483:c
480:e
477:r
474:r
471:o
468:C
462:=
459:I
456:P
453:R
366:t
363:i
360:r
357:c
354:o
351:t
348:a
345:m
342:e
339:H
336:l
333:a
330:m
327:r
324:o
321:N
316:t
313:i
310:r
307:c
304:o
301:t
298:a
295:m
292:e
289:H
280:e
277:g
274:a
271:t
268:n
265:e
262:c
259:r
256:e
253:P
250:c
247:i
244:t
241:e
238:R
235:=
232:e
229:g
226:a
223:t
220:n
217:e
214:c
211:r
208:e
205:P
202:c
199:i
196:t
193:e
190:R
187:d
184:e
181:t
178:c
175:e
172:r
169:r
166:o
163:C
58:(
50:(
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