704:
424:
137:
436:
209:
1781:
1932:
412:
812:. Former members denied the charges and had the offending articles pulled from the publishing websites, but expressed surprise that "many people in Europe and America prefer to get information about the anarchist or socialist movement in Ukraine not from Ukrainian anarchists or socialists, but from anyone outside Ukraine".
699:" have a very radical mindset, they read Kropotkin and fight with each other and shoot guns. No idea where they get them from, and this Samurai has a lot of accounts in different social medias and messengers. He writes that have no good 1st of May demonstrations because they are not disciplined enough when they march."
719:
This organisational structure resulted in a high turnover of new members, as activists often left to start new organisations and were replaced with a new, younger generation. In 2011, the organisation experienced a massive split, with the breakaway of an organisation that came to be known as the
694:
around its leader, Sergei
Shevchenko, known by the pseudonym "Samurai". In an interview, one prospective member spoke of a "hierarchical and authoritarian" culture that they observed at an RKAS summer camp, reporting that "they have some rituals where (the) woman within the movement feeds their
630:
in
Ukraine, involved establishing an Anarchist School. The RKAS also attempted to establish an all-Ukrainian anarcho-syndicalist union, which they planned to be called the "General Confederation of Anarcho-Syndicalist Labour" (CGT-AU), but this project was eventually halted as the conditions in
836:, the commander of the Black Guard militia, the finance director, the media head and a union representative. Members accused of breaking the organisation's code of conduct were subjected to an "Arbitral Tribunal", which mediated internal disputes.
788:, the RKAS found that the peacetime conditions that the organisation had been established in no longer existed. In April 2014, the organisation decided to dissolve itself. Some former members established "illegal combat groups" to conduct
575:
came together in order to form a new organisation, in order to provide an alternative to what they saw as a "chaotic movement". The RKAS was established in
Donetsk in 1994, and within a few years had grown and spread throughout Ukraine.
570:
When the
Ukrainian anarchist movement began to experience a resurgence during the 1980s, some within the nascent movement began to criticise it for its "lack of strategy". Anarchist groups and individuals in the southeastern city of
732:" within the RKAS leadership, and attempted to form a rival organisation, although Shevchenko claims that it ended up functionally defunct by June 2014. The split also rendered the remains of the RKAS relatively passive.
808:(TDF) in order to resist the invasion. During this period, misinformation about the RKAS circulated within Greek anarchist circles, depicting the RKAS as part of the Anti-Maidan movement or as collaborators with the
654:(IWA), it was never on the organisation's agenda during its early years. In 2001, the RKAS instead supported the establishment of the International Libertarian Solidarity (ILS), as well as its successor – the
1442:
775:
The ideological divisions over the Maidan would lead to the complete collapse of the RKAS, with
Shevchenko lamenting the absence of a coherent anarchist organisation capable of transforming the Maidan's
820:
The organisation of the RKAS was structured hierarchically and enforced strict discipline among its membership. The RKAS claimed to have inherited much of its organisational structure from the
658:
network – in 2003. The RKAS entered into organisational remission the following year, but reconstituted itself by 2007 with the publication of a new programme inspired by the statues of the
703:
1346:
634:
By the turn of the 21st century, the organisation counted 2,000 active members. It grew to such an extent that it established short-lived international chapters in
466:
1980:
1965:
1960:
1985:
756:, individual members of the RKAS would end up fighting on the barricades of the Maidan anyway. One former member of the RKAS also participated in the
1970:
1955:
825:
761:
686:. It was harshly criticised by the IWA, which described the RKAS as a "platformist party and psychosect" and accused it of collaborating with "
504:
1737:
805:
170:
1687:
1310:
1880:
1840:
1426:
352:
307:
1443:""Leftists" outside Ukraine are used to listening only to people from Moscow: Interview with anarcho-syndicalists in Eastern Ukraine"
1975:
459:
832:
of the
Makhnovshchina. The Bureau consisted of: Sergei Shevchenko as Secretary General, an international secretary, the editor of
1990:
610:
initiatives, transport workers' unions, and the student movement; and was noted for its summer training camps and engagement in
1286:
659:
500:
1875:
1855:
829:
347:
327:
1650:
615:
530:. This caused a number of splits within the organisation, the largest of which rendered it functionally defunct in 2011.
809:
752:", noting the presence of the far-right within the movement. While the RKAS officially called for an increased focus on
550:
452:
107:
1860:
1674:
1450:
801:
332:
1630:
1567:
507:, the organisation spread throughout the country and was involved with a number of students' and workers' movements.
1703:
1810:
1730:
1571:
272:
1373:["Peace to the huts! War on the palaces!" Anarchists towards the theories and practices of Euromaidan].
1905:
583:
miners' unions and strike committees. They published a number of publications, notably including the newspaper
382:
1910:
387:
537:, a number of its members still joined the barricades, while a former member was a known participant in the
579:
The RKAS quickly joined the nascent
Ukrainian workers' movements, gaining particular prominence within the
1895:
1865:
372:
337:
1487:
745:
741:
534:
1935:
1870:
1723:
777:
342:
190:
175:
828:(RIAU). The activities of the RKAS were coordinated by an Organisational Bureau, modelled after the
1800:
1795:
1780:
1557:[Anarcho-syndicalists to the people of Ukraine. Appeal of the RKAS named after N. Makhno].
769:
708:
691:
679:
527:
511:
262:
257:
165:
116:
1398:
721:
484:
123:
1820:
1805:
1615:
1535:
1512:
1454:
1390:
1320:
1290:
789:
781:
749:
635:
546:
282:
267:
128:
1382:
1350:
671:
519:
428:
416:
1825:
765:
611:
440:
287:
1370:
1631:"В Одессе "новые левые" и курды митинговали против повышения цен на проезд в маршрутках"
1760:
1483:
821:
225:
435:
1949:
1765:
1476:
The
Radical Left in Ukraine since Maidan: The Case of the National Anarchist Movement
1402:
1371:""Мир хатам, війна палацам!" Ukraińscy anarchiści wobec teorii i praktyk Euromajdanu"
1340:
1315:
785:
683:
542:
230:
1587:
1554:
753:
729:
675:
623:
523:
1704:"Дальнобойщики-анархисты будут распространять листовки в Николаеве и Одессе? ФОТО"
651:
760:
movement in
Donetsk, joining a unit of the Workers' Front and collaborating with
748:". Shevchenko claimed that anarchists who joined the Maidan would be committing "
1931:
1900:
1746:
1474:
1354:
792:
against the separatists in Donbas, while others aided refugees from the region.
757:
687:
607:
538:
492:
377:
198:
112:
1815:
1688:"Их Родина — СССР: 5,5 тыс. человек отметили Первомай в Донецке (ФОТО, ВИДЕО)"
1611:
1539:
627:
619:
587:, which ran for most of the organisation's existence. They also published the
277:
1458:
1394:
1386:
1324:
1592:
1339:
Ishchenko, Volodymyr (2016). "New left organisations, unions, initiatives".
1294:
712:
515:
136:
1678:
1516:
1418:
1770:
1707:
968:
966:
682:
and maintenance of a hierarchical structure, as well as its suspicion of
647:
526:
by other members of the anarchist movement, some of whom likened it to a
235:
208:
1278:
591:, as well as ones with specific focuses, such as the workers' newspaper
1544:
626:. Its educational initiatives, aiming to create an anarcho-syndicalist
572:
496:
79:
1311:"Anarchism in Makhno's homeland: adventures of the red-and-black flag"
1830:
1658:
1555:"Анархо-синдикалисты к народу Украины. Обращение РКАС имени Н. Махно"
643:
639:
618:. The RKAS militias, known as the Black Guard, was established along
580:
554:
292:
702:
854:
852:
850:
848:
1719:
1184:
1182:
1715:
987:
985:
1677:(in Russian). газета ГОРОЖАНИН. 10 March 2009. Archived from
690:" elements. It has also been described as having fostered a
1651:"Махновцы подняли черное знамя над одесским "Евромайданом""
541:. The organisation dissolved following the outbreak of the
1061:
1059:
1057:
533:
Although the organisation was officially critical of the
1279:"After the Fall: A New Beginning for Russian Anarchism?"
589:
Anarcho-Syndicalist
Newsletter & Analytical Bulletin
1342:
The Ukrainian left during and after the Maidan protests
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
1419:"The neo-Makhnovist revolutionary project in Ukraine"
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
744:, the RKAS criticised the revolutionary movement as "
707:
Members of the International Union of Anarchists at "
150:
1916:
Revolutionary Confederation of Anarcho-Syndicalists
1889:
1848:
1839:
1788:
1753:
481:
Revolutionary Confederation of Anarcho-Syndicalists
392:
Revolutionary Confederation of Anarcho-Syndicalists
143:
122:
106:
95:
85:
75:
60:
45:
35:
26:
Revolutionary Confederation of Anarcho-Syndicalists
23:
489:Революційна Конфедерація Анархістів-Синдикалістів
29:Революційна Конфедерація Анархістів-Синдикалістів
740:Already functionally defunct by the time of the
697:
728:; MSA). The MSA denounced what they saw as a "
1731:
1517:"Ukraine: Interview with a Donetsk anarchist"
804:, some former members of the RKAS joined the
678:, particularly due to its practice of strict
670:The RKAS has been criticised for a perceived
460:
8:
1375:Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
545:, with former members going on to prosecute
1845:
1738:
1724:
1716:
1690:(in Russian). Новости Донбасса. 1 May 2011
1048:
921:
650:. Although expected to affiliate with the
467:
453:
314:
185:
135:
20:
1706:(in Russian). 31 May 2010. Archived from
1252:
1228:
1216:
1200:
1188:
1173:
1137:
1081:
1065:
1003:
991:
972:
949:
945:
929:
925:
905:
1236:
1007:
957:
933:
909:
889:
862:
553:or aid Ukrainian refugees that had fled
1473:Wishart, Alexandra (2 September 2019).
1260:
1256:
1248:
1232:
1204:
1169:
1157:
1153:
1141:
1125:
1113:
1101:
1097:
1085:
1077:
1036:
976:
953:
901:
858:
844:
826:Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine
362:
317:
197:
1586:Shevchenko, Sergei (19 January 2014).
1568:"Анархический хронограф. Октябрь. ч.2"
1347:European United Left/Nordic Green Left
1277:Akai, Laure; Tsovma, Mikhail (1995).
7:
1566:Dubovik, Anatoly (1 December 2014).
1553:Dubovik, Anatoly (29 January 2014).
1417:Schmidt, Michael (5 December 2014).
1309:Gorbach, Denys (30 September 2015).
518:, the RKAS was often criticised for
1981:Trade unions disestablished in 2014
720:International Union of Anarchists (
1966:Anarchist organizations in Ukraine
1881:Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front
1441:Tarinski, Yavor (4 October 2022).
1427:Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front
695:master, Samurai". They continued:
652:International Workers' Association
353:Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front
14:
1961:2014 disestablishments in Ukraine
1986:Trade unions established in 1994
1930:
1779:
434:
422:
410:
207:
16:Ukrainian anarchist organisation
1971:Defunct anarchist organizations
660:Industrial Workers of the World
501:dissolution of the Soviet Union
1956:1994 establishments in Ukraine
1876:Uruguayan Anarchist Federation
1610:Anonymous (10 November 2011).
1369:Łaniewski, Aleksander (2022).
830:Military Revolutionary Council
800:In the wake of the full-scale
348:Uruguayan Anarchist Federation
1:
1637:(in Russian). 7 November 2012
1287:Workers' Solidarity Movement
642:, and counted supporters in
1861:Libertarian Communist Union
1355:10.13140/RG.2.2.23614.69447
802:Russian invasion of Ukraine
764:, in the hope of achieving
726:Міжнародний союз анархістів
333:Libertarian Communist Union
2007:
1588:"Maidan. Baptism of Blood"
1283:Red & Black Revolution
806:Territorial Defense Forces
784:". By the outbreak of the
762:Russian-backed separatists
1927:
1811:Collective responsibility
1777:
1572:Ukrainian Anarchist Union
810:Donetsk People's Republic
725:
551:Donetsk People's Republic
495:organisation. Founded in
488:
273:Collective responsibility
161:
148:
134:
49:15 October 1994
1976:Syndicalist trade unions
1906:Friends of Durruti Group
1387:10.36874/RIESW.2022.3.11
816:Organisational structure
666:Criticisms and divisions
595:, the student newspaper
491:; RKAS) was a Ukrainian
383:Friends of Durruti Group
28:
1991:Trade unions in Ukraine
599:and the youth magazine
505:independence of Ukraine
499:in 1994, following the
124:Political position
1896:Alternative libertaire
1049:Akai & Tsovma 1995
922:Akai & Tsovma 1995
716:
701:
606:It was also active in
516:hierarchical structure
373:Alternative libertaire
64:6 April 2014
1911:Libertære Socialister
1488:University of Glasgow
746:bourgeois nationalism
742:Revolution of Dignity
706:
601:Revolutionary Ukraine
535:Revolution of Dignity
510:Noted for its strict
388:Libertære Socialister
1871:Revolutionary Action
1856:Anarchist Federation
1538:(12 February 2014).
1203:, pp. 246–247;
1006:, pp. 241–242;
975:, pp. 241–242;
952:, pp. 241–242;
932:, pp. 241–242;
908:, pp. 241–242;
778:political revolution
566:Formation and growth
429:Communism portal
417:Anarchism portal
343:Revolutionary Action
328:Anarchist Federation
1801:Class consciousness
1796:Anarchist communism
1191:, pp. 246–247.
994:, pp. 241–242.
692:cult of personality
680:military discipline
616:Ukrainian far-right
528:cult of personality
512:military discipline
441:Politics portal
263:Class consciousness
258:Anarchist communism
166:Politics of Ukraine
117:Anarcho-syndicalism
1536:Action, Autonomous
1513:Action, Autonomous
1349:. pp. 17–21.
1289:. pp. 26–27.
717:
1943:
1942:
1923:
1922:
1831:Theoretical unity
1821:Popular education
1806:Collective action
1681:on 13 March 2009.
1661:. 29 January 2014
1616:Autonomous Action
1515:(9 August 2014).
1263:, pp. 47–48.
1104:, pp. 47–48.
1088:, pp. 47–48.
1051:, pp. 26–27.
790:guerrilla warfare
782:social revolution
750:political suicide
631:Ukraine changed.
547:guerrilla warfare
477:
476:
400:
399:
293:Theoretical unity
283:Popular education
268:Collective action
184:
183:
171:Political parties
41:Sergei Shevchenko
37:Secretary-General
1998:
1934:
1846:
1783:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1717:
1711:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1682:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1597:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1562:
1549:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1490:. pp. 47–49
1481:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1449:. Translated by
1437:
1435:
1433:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1264:
1246:
1240:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1177:
1167:
1161:
1151:
1145:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1095:
1089:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1011:
1001:
995:
989:
980:
970:
961:
943:
937:
919:
913:
899:
893:
887:
866:
856:
796:Later activities
770:workers' control
727:
709:Hyde Park Corner
672:authoritarianism
620:federalist lines
520:authoritarianism
490:
469:
462:
455:
439:
438:
427:
426:
425:
415:
414:
413:
315:
310:
211:
201:
186:
157:
154:
152:
139:
99:
71:
69:
56:
54:
38:
21:
2006:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1919:
1885:
1835:
1784:
1775:
1749:
1744:
1714:
1710:on 3 June 2010.
1702:
1693:
1691:
1686:
1673:
1664:
1662:
1649:
1640:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1618:
1612:"Выход из РКАС"
1609:
1605:
1600:
1585:
1576:
1574:
1565:
1552:
1534:
1525:
1523:
1511:
1507:
1505:Further reading
1502:
1493:
1491:
1479:
1472:
1463:
1461:
1440:
1431:
1429:
1416:
1407:
1405:
1368:
1359:
1357:
1338:
1329:
1327:
1308:
1299:
1297:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1247:
1243:
1231:, p. 253;
1227:
1223:
1215:
1211:
1199:
1195:
1187:
1180:
1168:
1164:
1152:
1148:
1136:
1132:
1124:
1120:
1112:
1108:
1096:
1092:
1076:
1072:
1064:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1035:
1014:
1002:
998:
990:
983:
971:
964:
944:
940:
920:
916:
900:
896:
888:
869:
857:
846:
842:
818:
798:
766:nationalisation
754:workers' rights
738:
668:
622:and trained in
593:Voice of Labour
568:
563:
473:
433:
423:
421:
411:
409:
402:
401:
396:
395:
358:
357:
312:
308:
300:
299:
298:
297:
251:
243:
242:
241:
240:
219:
199:
180:
149:
115:
97:
67:
65:
52:
50:
36:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2004:
2002:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1948:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1826:Tactical unity
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1761:Peter Arshinov
1757:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1720:
1713:
1712:
1700:
1683:
1671:
1657:(in Russian).
1647:
1627:
1614:(in Russian).
1606:
1604:
1603:External links
1601:
1599:
1598:
1583:
1570:(in Russian).
1563:
1550:
1532:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1484:Masters thesis
1470:
1438:
1414:
1381:(3): 237–259.
1366:
1336:
1306:
1285:. No. 2.
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1255:, p. 21;
1253:Ishchenko 2016
1241:
1229:Łaniewski 2022
1221:
1219:, p. 251.
1217:Łaniewski 2022
1209:
1201:Łaniewski 2022
1193:
1189:Łaniewski 2022
1178:
1174:Ishchenko 2016
1162:
1146:
1140:, p. 21;
1138:Ishchenko 2016
1130:
1118:
1106:
1090:
1084:, p. 21;
1082:Ishchenko 2016
1070:
1066:Ishchenko 2016
1053:
1041:
1012:
1004:Łaniewski 2022
996:
992:Łaniewski 2022
981:
973:Łaniewski 2022
962:
950:Łaniewski 2022
948:, p. 21;
946:Ishchenko 2016
938:
930:Łaniewski 2022
928:, p. 21;
926:Ishchenko 2016
924:, p. 28;
914:
906:Łaniewski 2022
894:
867:
843:
841:
838:
822:Makhnovshchina
817:
814:
797:
794:
737:
734:
667:
664:
567:
564:
562:
559:
475:
474:
472:
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306:
305:
302:
301:
296:
295:
290:
288:Tactical unity
285:
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270:
265:
260:
254:
253:
252:
249:
248:
245:
244:
239:
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233:
228:
226:Peter Arshinov
222:
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1675:"Повстанцы-2"
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1521:Anarkismo.net
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1423:Anarkismo.net
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1237:Tarinski 2022
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786:War in Donbas
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543:War in Donbas
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40:
34:
22:
19:
1915:
1866:The Platform
1708:the original
1692:. Retrieved
1679:the original
1663:. Retrieved
1655:Odessa-Media
1654:
1639:. Retrieved
1634:
1619:. Retrieved
1591:
1575:. Retrieved
1558:
1543:
1540:"Rkasmaidan"
1524:. Retrieved
1520:
1492:. Retrieved
1475:
1462:. Retrieved
1446:
1430:. Retrieved
1422:
1406:. Retrieved
1378:
1374:
1358:. Retrieved
1341:
1328:. Retrieved
1314:
1298:. Retrieved
1282:
1270:Bibliography
1261:Wishart 2019
1257:Schmidt 2014
1249:Gorbach 2015
1244:
1233:Schmidt 2014
1224:
1212:
1205:Schmidt 2014
1196:
1170:Gorbach 2015
1165:
1158:Schmidt 2014
1154:Gorbach 2015
1149:
1142:Schmidt 2014
1133:
1126:Gorbach 2015
1121:
1114:Wishart 2019
1109:
1102:Wishart 2019
1098:Gorbach 2015
1093:
1086:Wishart 2019
1078:Gorbach 2015
1073:
1044:
1037:Schmidt 2014
999:
977:Schmidt 2014
954:Schmidt 2014
941:
917:
902:Gorbach 2015
897:
859:Schmidt 2014
833:
819:
799:
774:
739:
730:dictatorship
718:
698:
676:conservatism
669:
655:
633:
624:martial arts
614:against the
605:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
578:
569:
549:against the
532:
524:conservatism
509:
480:
478:
338:The Platform
89:
76:Headquarters
18:
1901:Dielo Truda
1747:Platformism
758:Anti-Maidan
736:Dissolution
715:, June 2012
688:neo-fascist
608:cooperative
539:Anti-Maidan
493:platformist
378:Dielo Truda
200:Platformism
113:Platformism
96:Membership
1950:Categories
1816:Federalism
1694:31 January
1494:2 November
1464:2 November
1432:2 November
1408:2 November
1360:2 November
1330:2 November
1300:2 November
840:References
780:" into a "
628:subculture
278:Federalism
68:2014-04-06
53:1994-10-15
1593:Indymedia
1559:Makhno.ru
1526:5 January
1459:0016-0504
1447:Aftoleksi
1403:255673793
1395:1732-1395
1325:1476-5888
722:Ukrainian
713:Volgograd
656:Anarkismo
485:Ukrainian
176:Elections
86:Newspaper
61:Dissolved
1936:Category
1771:Ida Mett
1635:Dumskaya
1295:62675392
824:and the
648:Bulgaria
236:Ida Mett
191:a series
189:Part of
129:Far-left
108:Ideology
1890:Defunct
1849:Current
1545:YouTube
1451:Freedom
834:Anarchy
662:(IWW).
636:Georgia
585:Anarchy
573:Donetsk
561:History
497:Donetsk
363:Defunct
318:Current
144:Website
90:Anarchy
80:Donetsk
66: (
51: (
46:Founded
1789:Theory
1754:People
1659:Odessa
1457:
1401:
1393:
1323:
1293:
711:", in
644:Russia
640:Israel
581:Donbas
555:Donbas
250:Theory
218:People
98:(2000)
1665:8 May
1641:8 May
1621:8 May
1577:8 May
1480:(PDF)
1399:S2CID
597:Unity
102:2,000
1696:2021
1685:>
1667:2021
1643:2021
1623:2021
1579:2021
1528:2023
1496:2023
1466:2023
1455:ISSN
1434:2023
1410:2023
1391:ISSN
1362:2023
1332:2023
1321:ISSN
1302:2023
1291:OCLC
768:and
674:and
646:and
638:and
522:and
514:and
503:and
479:The
153:.org
151:rkas
1486:).
1383:doi
1351:doi
155:.ua
1952::
1653:.
1633:.
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1389:.
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1345:.
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1259:;
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1181:^
1172:;
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1482:(
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483:(
468:e
461:t
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70:)
55:)
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