45:
340:, and possibly even based on eyewitness accounts of the event. Similar to Pompeii, a city is destroyed by fire in one hour, with ships in port only able to watch in horror. In context, it threatens a similar event to Babylon (potentially really referring to Rome) that happened to Pompeii.
375:
12 The merchandise of gold, and silver, and precious stones, and of pearls, and fine linen, and purple, and silk, and scarlet, and all thyine wood, and all manner vessels of ivory, and all manner vessels of most precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and
251:
And he cried mightily with a strong voice saying
Babylon the great is fallen is fallen and is become the habitation of devils and the hold of every foul spirit and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird
440:
They threw dust on their heads and cried out, weeping and wailing, and saying, ‘Alas, alas, that great city, in which all who had ships on the sea became rich by her wealth! For in one hour she is made
1611:
381:
13 And cinnamon, and odours, and ointments, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and beasts, and sheep, and horses, and chariots, and slaves, and souls of men.
1501:
386:
14 And the fruits that thy soul lusted after are departed from thee, and all things which were dainty and goodly are departed from thee, and thou shalt find them no more at all.
1616:
823:
419:
For in one hour so great riches is come to nought. And every shipmaster, and all the company in ships, and sailors, and as many as trade by sea, stood afar off,
350:
Therefore her plagues will come in one day—death and mourning and famine. And she will be utterly burned with fire, for strong is the Lord God who judges her.
1667:
1030:
396:
16 And saying, Alas, alas that great city, that was clothed in fine linen, and purple, and scarlet, and decked with gold, and precious stones, and pearls!
1544:
451:) the people make a gesture normally used in mourning or 'in afflicted and distressed circumstances, denoting disorder, confusion, and debasement' (cf.
1595:
759:
871:
1657:
1631:
981:
1672:
333:
1516:
1460:
949:
391:
15 The merchants of these things, which were made rich by her, shall stand afar off for the fear of her torment, weeping and wailing,
224:
After these things I saw another angel coming down from heaven, having great authority, and the earth was illuminated with his glory.
1532:
1636:
916:
1506:
1050:
1023:
139:
657:
Elliott, J. K. "Revelations from the apparatus criticus of the Book of
Revelation: How Textual Criticism Can Help Historians."
1405:
613:
588:
1626:
885:
467:
463:
972:
775:
199:
195:
179:
671:
1621:
1339:
1016:
490:
448:
357:
313:
234:
1662:
1465:
901:
166:
834:
717:
183:
122:, but the precise identity of the author remains a point of academic debate. This chapter describes the fall of
1354:
452:
370:
11 And the merchants of the earth shall weep and mourn over her; for no man buyeth their merchandise any more:
237:, "the Earth shone with the glory of the God of Israel" is here translated rather more literally than in the
1496:
1475:
1329:
633:
284:
1445:
1395:
720:
456:
268:
303:
278:
1359:
1220:
229:"Another angel": one of several angels distinguished from each other within the Book of Revelation (cf.
406:
1374:
356:"In one day": denoting "a sudden and overwhelming reverse", such as "at the last judgment day" (cf.
1435:
1344:
990:
978:
480:
Rejoice over her, thou heaven, and ye holy apostles and prophets; for God hath avenged you on her.
1296:
1250:
1039:
999:
778:
429:
And cried when they saw the smoke of her burning, saying, What city is like unto this great city!
160:
104:
64:
763:
945:
867:
743:
609:
584:
123:
1480:
1470:
1324:
1319:
935:
889:
859:
737:
154:
119:
687:
44:
1390:
985:
808:
555:
261:
230:
211:
489:
The symbolic prophecy of the fall of
Babylon is here modeled as in the Book of Jeremiah (
1537:
1455:
1309:
804:
1651:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1055:
863:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
402:
108:
84:
34:
29:
1415:
1400:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
515:
511:
507:
210:
The cry of the angel about judgement against
Babylon is an expansion of the one in
112:
401:
This "lament of the merchants" is possibly based on a lament for the merchants of
939:
1590:
1450:
1440:
1235:
824:
Does
Revelation Contain an Eyewitness Account of the Eruption of Mount Vesuvius?
792:
503:
329:
325:
The part records the words spoken by the voice from heaven referred in verse 4.
257:
135:
447:"They threw dust on their heads": like "the seafaring men on account of Tyre" (
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1410:
1185:
238:
74:
51:
150:
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are among others:
1511:
1215:
1210:
944:(first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 1287–1306.
1349:
1301:
1286:
1255:
1230:
1190:
1385:
1364:
1314:
1205:
1195:
337:
1281:
1245:
1240:
1225:
1008:
688:"Biblical concordances of Revelation 18 in the 1611 King James Bible"
309:
996:(ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
854:
Carroll, Robert; Prickett, Stephen, eds. (1611-01-01), "The Bible",
579:
Davids, Peter H (1982). I Howard
Marshall and W Ward Gasque (ed.).
1306:
1291:
1276:
1271:
1200:
1047:
938:(2007). "81. Revelation". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.).
814:. Hendrickson Publishers. Internet Sacred Texts Archive. Biblehub.
581:
New
International Greek Testament Commentary: The Epistle of James
115:
1334:
736:
Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald
Maurice (Editors).
291:
1012:
606:
Bible
Knowledge Background Commentary: John, Hebrews-Revelation
747:. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019.
295:
701:
699:
697:
682:
680:
485:
The fall of
Babylon: the voice of another angel (18:21–24)
321:
The fall of Babylon: the voice from heaven (18:4–20)
287:, Luke 11:24, also Isaiah 13:20-22; Isaiah 34:13-15.
1604:
1553:
1525:
1489:
1373:
1264:
1178:
1046:
206:
The fall of Babylon: the voice of an angel (18:1–3)
90:
80:
70:
60:
21:
755:
753:
583:(Repr. ed.). Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans.
332:believes that this passage is a reference to the
912:
910:
979:English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
470:), mourning a city once so great now in flames.
1024:
630:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
8:
604:Evans, Craig A (2005). Craig A Evans (ed.).
788:
786:
462:"Alas, alas! that great city": compared to
294:": are translated from the same Greek word
1031:
1017:
1009:
918:John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible
892:on Revelation 18, accessed 7 December 2018
118:. The book is traditionally attributed to
1596:Crawford Aramaic New Testament manuscript
732:
730:
728:
312:" (not a "fortress") as also rendered in
856:The Bible: Authorized King James Version
760:Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
705:
645:
308:, "a strong place", which is more like "
233:; 19:6, 15, 17; Revelation 15:1, etc.).
571:
554:The Book of Revelation is missing from
547:
18:
849:
847:
845:
843:
7:
810:Vincent's New Testament Word Studies
793:Greek Text Analysis: Revelation 18:2
1668:Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD
608:. Colorado Springs, Colo.: Victor.
14:
134:The original text was written in
107:or the Apocalypse of John in the
103:is the eighteenth chapter of the
670:Claremont Coptic Encyclopaedia,
43:
1406:Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
659:Union Seminary Quarterly Review
864:10.1093/oseo/instance.00016818
1:
975:King James Bible - Wikisource
267:"Devils": is translated from
169:(ca. 450; extant verses 3-24)
674:, accessed 29 September 2018
140:This chapter is divided into
16:Chapter of the New Testament
1658:Book of Revelation chapters
1000:Multiple bible versions at
941:The Oxford Bible Commentary
858:, Oxford University Press,
91:Order in the Christian part
1689:
1673:Pompeii in popular culture
334:eruption of Mount Vesuvius
296:
272:
190:New Testament concordances
1632:American Standard Version
766:. Accessed 28 April 2019.
661:63, no. 3-4 (2012): 1-23.
167:Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus
50:Revelation 13:16-14:4 on
42:
26:
502:Related Bible chapters:
283:, "demons", compare to
174:Old Testament references
1476:Woman of the Apocalypse
634:Oxford University Press
54:from the third century.
1466:Three Angels' Messages
1446:Seven churches of Asia
1005:(NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)
328:New Testament scholar
1637:World English Version
1411:Four Living Creatures
890:Meyer's NT Commentary
81:Christian Bible part
1436:Number of the Beast
738:On "Revelation 18".
1627:King James Version
1040:Book of Revelation
984:2019-06-17 at the
920:- Revelation 18:19
805:Vincent, Marvin R.
161:Codex Alexandrinus
105:Book of Revelation
65:Book of Revelation
1645:
1644:
994:at GospelHall.org
936:Bauckham, Richard
873:978-0-19-953594-1
812:, "Revelation 18"
744:Pulpit Commentary
256:Cross reference:
146:Textual witnesses
124:Babylon the Great
98:
97:
1680:
1663:Whore of Babylon
1622:Wycliffe Version
1545:Textual variants
1471:Whore of Babylon
1386:Abaddon/Apollyon
1033:
1026:
1019:
1010:
962:
960:
958:
922:
914:
905:
902:Revelation 18:19
899:
893:
883:
877:
876:
851:
838:
832:
826:
821:
815:
802:
796:
790:
781:
773:
767:
757:
748:
734:
723:
715:
709:
703:
692:
691:
684:
675:
668:
662:
655:
649:
643:
637:
626:
620:
619:
601:
595:
594:
576:
559:
552:
464:Revelation 18:10
358:Matthew 24:37–42
306:
299:
298:
281:
274:
155:Codex Sinaiticus
120:John the Apostle
47:
19:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1600:
1549:
1521:
1485:
1391:Alpha and Omega
1378:
1369:
1260:
1174:
1053:
1042:
1037:
986:Wayback Machine
969:
956:
954:
952:
934:
931:
926:
925:
915:
908:
900:
896:
884:
880:
874:
853:
852:
841:
835:Revelation 18:8
833:
829:
822:
818:
803:
799:
791:
784:
776:Revelation 18:2
774:
770:
758:
751:
735:
726:
718:Revelation 18:1
716:
712:
708:, p. 1301.
704:
695:
686:
685:
678:
672:Codex Vaticanus
669:
665:
656:
652:
648:, p. 1289.
644:
640:
627:
623:
616:
603:
602:
598:
591:
578:
577:
573:
568:
563:
562:
556:Codex Vaticanus
553:
549:
544:
499:
487:
477:
436:
426:
416:
407:Ezekiel 27:1–36
367:
346:
336:that destroyed
323:
302:
277:
262:Revelation 14:8
247:
231:Revelation 10:1
220:
212:Revelation 14:8
208:
200:Revelation 14:8
196:Revelation 18:2
192:
180:Revelation 18:7
176:
148:
132:
56:
55:
38:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1686:
1684:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1650:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1538:John of Patmos
1529:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1490:Interpretation
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1456:Seven trumpets
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1382:
1380:
1379:Terms/ Phrases
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1061:
1059:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1013:
1007:
1006:
997:
988:
976:
968:
967:External links
965:
964:
963:
951:978-0199277186
950:
930:
927:
924:
923:
906:
894:
878:
872:
839:
827:
816:
797:
782:
768:
749:
724:
710:
693:
676:
663:
650:
638:
621:
614:
596:
589:
570:
569:
567:
564:
561:
560:
546:
545:
543:
540:
539:
538:
498:
495:
486:
483:
476:
473:
472:
471:
460:
444:
443:
435:
432:
425:
422:
415:
412:
411:
410:
366:
363:
362:
361:
353:
352:
345:
342:
322:
319:
318:
317:
288:
254:
253:
246:
243:
227:
226:
219:
216:
207:
204:
203:
202:
191:
188:
187:
186:
175:
172:
171:
170:
164:
158:
147:
144:
131:
128:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
49:
48:
40:
39:
33:
27:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1685:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1617:Latin Vulgate
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1431:New Jerusalem
1429:
1427:
1426:Millennialism
1424:
1422:
1421:Last Judgment
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:New Testament
1052:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1004:
1003:
1002:Bible Gateway
998:
995:
993:
989:
987:
983:
980:
977:
974:
973:Revelation 18
971:
970:
966:
953:
947:
943:
942:
937:
933:
932:
928:
921:
919:
913:
911:
907:
903:
898:
895:
891:
887:
882:
879:
875:
869:
865:
861:
857:
850:
848:
846:
844:
840:
836:
831:
828:
825:
820:
817:
813:
811:
806:
801:
798:
794:
789:
787:
783:
780:
777:
772:
769:
765:
764:Revelation 18
761:
756:
754:
750:
746:
745:
739:
733:
731:
729:
725:
722:
719:
714:
711:
707:
706:Bauckham 2007
702:
700:
698:
694:
689:
683:
681:
677:
673:
667:
664:
660:
654:
651:
647:
646:Bauckham 2007
642:
639:
635:
632:, (New York:
631:
628:F. L. Cross,
625:
622:
617:
611:
607:
600:
597:
592:
586:
582:
575:
572:
565:
557:
551:
548:
541:
537:
536:Revelation 17
533:
532:Revelation 16
529:
528:Revelation 15
525:
524:Revelation 14
521:
520:Revelation 13
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
500:
496:
494:
492:
484:
482:
481:
474:
469:
465:
461:
458:
454:
450:
449:Ezekiel 27:30
446:
445:
442:
438:
437:
433:
431:
430:
423:
421:
420:
413:
408:
404:
400:
399:
398:
397:
393:
392:
388:
387:
383:
382:
378:
377:
372:
371:
364:
359:
355:
354:
351:
348:
347:
343:
341:
339:
335:
331:
326:
320:
315:
311:
307:
305:
293:
289:
286:
282:
280:
270:
269:Ancient Greek
266:
265:
264:
263:
259:
252:
249:
248:
244:
242:
240:
236:
232:
225:
222:
221:
217:
215:
213:
205:
201:
197:
194:
193:
189:
185:
181:
178:
177:
173:
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
151:
145:
143:
141:
137:
129:
127:
125:
121:
117:
114:
110:
109:New Testament
106:
102:
101:Revelation 18
93:
89:
86:
85:New Testament
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
66:
63:
59:
53:
46:
41:
36:
31:
25:
22:Revelation 18
20:
1517:by John Foxe
1416:Lake of Fire
1401:Book of Life
1236:Philadelphia
1149:
1065:Revelation 1
1001:
992:Online Bible
991:
955:. Retrieved
940:
917:
897:
881:
855:
830:
819:
809:
800:
771:
741:
713:
666:
658:
653:
641:
629:
624:
605:
599:
580:
574:
550:
516:Revelation 6
512:Revelation 4
508:Zechariah 12
488:
479:
478:
439:
428:
427:
418:
417:
395:
394:
390:
389:
385:
384:
380:
379:
374:
373:
369:
368:
365:Verses 11-16
349:
327:
324:
314:1 Peter 3:19
301:
290:"Hold" and "
276:
255:
250:
235:Ezekiel 43:2
228:
223:
209:
149:
133:
100:
99:
1554:Manuscripts
1502:Historicist
1451:Seven seals
1441:Seven bowls
957:February 6,
636:, 1997), 45
504:Jeremiah 51
330:James Tabor
258:Isaiah 21:9
184:Isaiah 47:8
142:24 verses.
136:Koine Greek
1652:Categories
1612:Greek Text
1561:Papyrus 18
1533:Authorship
1461:Son of Man
1186:Armageddon
795:. Biblehub
615:0781442281
590:0802823882
566:References
453:Joshua 7:6
441:desolate.’
239:Septuagint
75:Apocalypse
52:Papyrus 47
35:chapter 19
30:chapter 17
1512:Preterist
1216:Jerusalem
1211:Euphrates
886:Meyer, H.
285:Mark 1:34
279:daimoniōn
273:δαιμονίων
163:(400–440)
157:(330–360)
113:Christian
1507:Idealist
1497:Futurist
1481:Wormwood
1350:Naphtali
1340:Manasseh
1302:Issachar
1287:Benjamin
1256:Thyatira
1231:Pergamum
1221:Laodicea
1051:chapters
982:Archived
497:See also
491:51:63–64
475:Verse 20
457:Job 2:12
434:Verse 19
424:Verse 18
414:Verse 17
71:Category
1605:Sources
1526:Related
1365:Zebulun
1345:Michael
1315:Jezebel
1265:Persons
1206:Ephesus
1196:Babylon
929:Sources
807:(1886)
376:marble,
344:Verse 8
338:Pompeii
304:phylakē
245:Verse 2
218:Verse 1
111:of the
37: →
28:←
1375:Events
1360:Simeon
1355:Reuben
1325:Joseph
1310:Christ
1282:Balaam
1246:Smyrna
1241:Sardis
1226:Patmos
1179:Places
948:
870:
612:
587:
310:prison
297:φυλακὴ
1396:Beast
1330:Judah
1307:Jesus
1292:David
1277:Balak
1272:Asher
1251:Sodom
1201:Egypt
1048:Bible
542:Notes
116:Bible
1335:Levi
1320:John
1191:Asia
959:2019
946:ISBN
904:NKJV
868:ISBN
837:NKJV
742:The
740:In:
721:NKJV
610:ISBN
585:ISBN
403:Tyre
292:cage
130:Text
61:Book
1591:115
1297:Gad
860:doi
779:KJV
493:).
405:in
1654::
1586:98
1581:85
1576:47
1571:43
1566:24
1170:22
1165:21
1160:20
1155:19
1150:18
1145:17
1140:16
1135:15
1130:14
1125:13
1120:12
1115:11
1110:10
909:^
888:,
866:,
842:^
785:^
762:.
752:^
727:^
696:^
679:^
534:,
530:,
526:,
522:,
518:,
514:,
510:,
506:,
468:16
466:,
459:).
455:;
360:).
300:,
275:,
271::
260:,
241:.
214:.
198::
182::
138:.
126:.
94:27
1377:/
1105:9
1100:8
1095:7
1090:6
1085:5
1080:4
1075:3
1070:2
1058:)
1054:(
1032:e
1025:t
1018:v
961:.
862::
690:.
618:.
593:.
558:.
409:.
316:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
