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331:"40 Industrialists in Ruhr Arrested – Hugo Stinnes Among German Coal Syndicate Leaders Seized by the British – Ties to Hitler Implied – Britons Say Group Assisted Nazis Financially – Trust Called Largest in Reich Many Financed Hitler Regime Mines Not Affected Aided Dubious Politicians Germans Forced to Cut Wood Schmeling Trial Due Monday"
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had 44 leading representatives of the syndicate members arrested on
September 7, 1945. However, the functions of the RWKS were essentially retained; they were taken over and exercised by successor organizations, which were primarily named differently. These were the Deutscher Kohlenverkauf (German
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Emil
Kirdorf, an early Nazi party member, was one of the main founders of the Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate. After the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II, many members of the coal industry were arrested for their role in the Third Reich.
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in Europe. In 1913 this coal transhipment accounted for over two thirds of the total shipping on the Rhine. By this time the
Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate accounted for 93% of the coal output in the Ruhr and 54% of Germany as a whole.
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was a leading figure in this relationship, greatly increasing the amount of coal imported to
Rotterdam and resulting in the cost of using Rhine based barges dropping as their greater use also stimulated technical innovation.
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state and its Ruhr mines). In 1904, the syndicate thwarted the takeover of the
Hibernia mining company by the Prussian state, which in turn retaliated by being reluctant to approve new explorations.
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threatened to collapse due to the conflicting interests of its members, which had intensified due to the war. The extension of the syndicate contract was only possible under government pressure.
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Coal Sale) from 1947 to 1952 and the
Gemeinschaftsorganisation Ruhrkohle (GEORG) (Ruhr Coal Community Organization) from 1952 to 1956. The later
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All honorable men : the story of the men on both sides of the
Atlantic who successfully thwarted plans to dismantle the Nazi cartel system
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as the successor to various smaller mining cartels. The syndicate, as the main energy supplier to the German Reich and the main
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Reginald Loyen; Paul van de Laar, eds. (2003). "Port traffic in
Rotterdam: the competitive edge of a Rhine-port (1880–1914)".
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The syndicate was set up as coal producers moved towards using shipping rather than railways to deliver their coal to
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Before the end of the war in 1945, the sales areas of the
Bavarian pitch coal mines within the RWKS were determined.
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In 1912 the
Prussian state mines were associated with the RWKS, but this association was terminated in 1913.
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In 1900, poor planning and/or excessive profit-seeking led to the so-called coal shortage, a supply crisis.
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of 1918, the coal syndicate was transformed into a semi-public corporation with the participation of the
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l, became part of the Reich Coal Association, a steering association of the National Socialist economy.
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Das Rheinisch-Westfälische Kohlensyndikat und die Oberschlesische Kohlenkonvention bis zum Jahre 1933.
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Das Rheinisch-Westfälische Kohlensyndikat und die Oberschlesische Kohlenkonvention bis zum Jahre 1933.
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In 1945 the cartel was officially dissolved by the occupying forces. The military government of the
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Between 1904 and 1911 there were greater tensions between the RWKS and the mining treasury (the
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This arrangement led to Rotterdam becoming not just the leading coal transhipment port in the
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473:(Sonderdruck aus der Deutschen Kohlenzeitung, Jg. 1943, S. 41 ff), Berlin 1943, S. 10.
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supplier in continental Europe, was always economically important and controversial:
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In 1901, the pricing policy of the Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate triggered the
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In 1923, its headquarters were briefly relocated to Hamburg during the French
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Kartelltheorie und Internationale Beziehungen. Theoriegeschichtliche Studien.
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Kartelltheorie und Internationale Beziehungen. Theoriegeschichtliche Studien.
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Kartelltheorie und Internationale Beziehungen. Theoriegeschichtliche Studien.
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Kartelltheorie und Internationale Beziehungen. Theoriegeschichtliche Studien.
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Struggling for leadership : Antwerp-Rotterdam port competition 1870-2000
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Bausteine zur Geschichte des Rheinisch-Westfälischen Kohlen-Syndikats
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53:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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218:, and was then sometimes called the “West German coal syndicate”.
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Documents and clippings about Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate
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Der Ruhrkohlenbergbau seit 1945. Wiederaufbau, Krise, Anpassung
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277:. Contributions to Economics. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag.
319:. London: Communist Party of Great Britain. p. 356.
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In 1934 the cartel was supplemented by the mines in the
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Rheinisch-Westfälisches Kohlen-Syndikat; abbreviated as
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97:bringing together the major coal producers in the
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214:mining district and in 1935 by those in the
149:The RWKS was founded in February 1893 by
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
304:. Open Road Integrated Media, New York.
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93:) was a cartel established in 1893 in
362:Turner, Henry Ashby (December 1968).
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317:A Short Course of Economic Science
108:. The cartel co-operated with the
83:Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate
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580:International trade organizations
565:Organizations established in 1893
364:"Emil Kirdorf and the Nazi Party"
132:but also evolving into the major
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298:Martin, James Stewart (2016).
16:German coal company and cartel
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251:F. H. Fentener van Vlissingen
122:Steenkolen Handels Vereniging
315:Bogdanov, Alexander (1923).
541:20th Century Press Archives
502:. C.H. Beck, MĂĽnchen 1984,
118:Daniël George van Beuningen
49:the claims made and adding
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447:Erlangen 1966, S. 75, 79.
402:"NT_war-criminals_Vol-VI"
380:10.1017/S0008938900014941
590:Companies based in Essen
570:1893 in economic history
523:Hildesheim 2013, S. 324.
486:Hildesheim 2013, S. 224.
434:Erlangen 1966, S. 76–79.
368:Central European History
221:In 1941, the RWKS, as a
460:Hildesheim 2013, S. 89.
421:Hildesheim 2013, S. 96.
190:the November Revolution
205:occupation of the Ruhr
110:Dutch Coal Trade Union
233:British occupied zone
194:Free State of Prussia
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257:References
43:improve it
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388:1569-1616
343:0362-4331
183:syndicate
106:Rotterdam
47:verifying
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245:See also
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173:Prussian
59:May 2023
560:Cartels
543:of the
539:in the
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405:(PDF)
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95:Essen
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