33:
86:
61:
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The Team of
Authors (2006). Ayvazyan HM; Aleksanyan GV; Aloyan PG; Aghamalyan FM; Armaghanyan SS; Baloyan SA; Gabrielyan EC; Tadevosyan TL; Khachatryan HM; Khoyecyan AV; Mkrtchyan RS; Mnacakanyan BP; Yavruyan EG; Nanagulyan SG; Poghosyan VKh. (eds.).
331:
and almost transparent covering make many of its internal organs quite visible, when observed against a light source. The eyes are small, with black irises. The head is covered with symmetrical large shields. The
554:
Amr, Z.S.S.; Egan, D.M.; Nilson, G.; Kumlutaş, Y.; Baha El Din, S.; Sadek, R.; Lymberakis, P.; Ugurtas, I.H.; Werner, Y.L.; Tok, V.; Sevinç, M.; Hraoui-Bloquet, S.; Crochet, P.-A.; Kaska, Y.; Avci, A. (2012).
525:
Habitats of the black-headed ground snake have been largely irrigated or transformed into urban areas. Also, in many places, semidesert is being used as pasture for domestic goats, sheep, and cattle.
777:
363:
the neck carries a black semi-collar, and the head pattern consists of three transverse black saddles. The first one is on the rostral. The second spreads over the postnasal, supraorbital, and
1018:
327:
The black-headed ground snake is a small, burrowing snake with a slender body reaching just 36–40 cm (14–16 in) in total length (body + tail). Its smooth and shiny
935:
778:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340847706_Discovery_of_the_Black-headed_Ground_Snake_Rhynchocalamus_melanocephalus_Jan_1862_in_Cyprus_Reptilia_Colubridae
974:
1051:
692:
Ananjeva, NB, Orlov NL, Khalikov RG, Darevsky IS, Rjabov SA, Barabanov AV. 2004. . St. Petersburg, Russia: "Ivan
Fedorov" Print. 230 pp. (in Russian).
909:
948:
1076:
704:
537:
Red List of
Threatened Species, but was included in the Red Lists of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and the former USSR as an extremely rare species.
414:. It can be found only rarely, mainly under rocks, or extremely rarely on the surface after heavy rains in late spring and early summer.
1071:
1081:
351:, there is no separation between the neck pattern and the head pattern. The upper surface of the head and neck is ash-black. Only the
658:
621:
613:
790:
861:
715:
Catalogue of the Snakes in the
British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ.
249:
953:
517:. It spends most of its time underground, and rarely may be found under rocks after heavy rains in spring and early summer.
717:
London: Trustees of the
British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xi + 377 pp. + Plates I.- XX. (
85:
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coloration may vary from tan to orange, with no obvious pattern except on the neck and head. The belly is clear white.
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Jan, 1862. Populations from
Armenia, Azerbaijan, northeastern Turkey, and northwestern Iran form the subspecies,
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and some of the surrounding scales. The spaces between the black saddles are white, which makes
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of the
Eastern Mediterranean and Near Eastern countries. There are records from
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490:. The southern part of its range is occupied by the nominotypical subspecies,
451:
308:
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157:
443:
423:
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The pattern on the neck and head is different in the two subspecies. In the
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Snake
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1
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species spends most of its life underground, and depends heavily on the
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883:
487:
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107:
817:
750:
Enumerazione sistematica delle specie d'ofidi del gruppo
Calamaridae
608:. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp.
336:
is somewhat enlarged and specialized for digging through soil. The
699:. Oxford, Ohio: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.
695:
Arakelyan MS, Danielyan FD, Corti C, Sindaco R, Leviton AE. 2011.
533:
This species is classified as Least
Concern (LC) according to the
479:
380:
147:
534:
511:
463:
459:
821:
724:
Darevsky IS. 1957. . Yerevan: PhD Thesis. 468 pp. (in Russian).
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Nik. (Serpentes, Colubridae) previously included in the genus
643:
641:
639:
427:
678:
Aghasyan AL. 1996. . Yerevan: PhD Thesis. 34 pp.(in Russian).
379:
visually identifiable from similar looking species of the
768:
Iconographie générale des ophidiens. Treizième livraison.
689:, 1998. . Moscow: ABF Publishing. 351 pp. (in Russian).
830:
754:
Archivio per la zoologia l'anatomia e la fisiologia
653:. Yerevan: Armenian Encyclopedia. p. 691.
633:The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
774:, Plate III, Figures 4 & 4a). (in French).
288:of small and elegant harmless snake, which is
770:Paris: J-B Baillière. Index + Plates I- VI. (
371:from eye to eye. The third saddle covers the
8:
697:Herpetofauna of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh
580:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T164637A1062839.en
492:Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus melanocephalus
349:Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus melanocephalus
313:Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus melanocephalus
818:
59:
31:
20:
727:Darevsky IS. 1970. "Systematic status of
578:
546:
406:of the black-headed ground snake. This
257:Oligodon melanocephalus septentrionalis
729:Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus satunini
496:Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus satunini
317:Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus satunini
42:Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus satunini
812:Tadevosyan's Herpetological Resources
7:
1052:IUCN Red List least concern species
566:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
486:and in 2013 was formally noted in
14:
84:
402:Very little is known about the
359:, and the rostal are white. In
426:forages on larvae and eggs of
390:, which often occupy the same
1:
1077:Endemic fauna of Saudi Arabia
889:rhynchocalamus-melanocephalus
876:Rhynchocalamus_melanocephalus
862:Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus
832:Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus
797:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
792:Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus
559:Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus
442:This snake is known from dry
278:Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus
200:Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus
25:Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus
799:. Accessed 2 September 2007.
763:, p. 54). (in Italian).
319:, are currently recognized.
814:. Accessed 20 January 2007.
1098:
1072:Reptiles described in 1862
361:R. melanocephalus satunini
1082:Taxa named by Giorgio Jan
772:Homalosoma melanocephalum
761:Homalosoma melanocephalum
681:Ananjeva NB, Borkin LYa,
506:This snake is known from
367:, and partially over the
274:black-headed ground snake
225:Homalosoma melanocephalum
221:
214:
196:
189:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
30:
23:
651:Natural World of Armenia
719:Oligodon melanocephalus
521:Land use and protection
233:Oligodon melanocephalus
182:R. melanocephalus
573:: e.T164637A1062839.
430:, and possibly other
294:Eastern Mediterranean
282:Palestine kukri snake
280:), also known as the
502:Habitats and ecology
300:. It belongs to the
529:Conservation status
345:nominate subspecies
51:Conservation status
1067:Fauna of West Asia
369:prefrontal shields
1039:
1038:
1001:Open Tree of Life
824:Taxon identifiers
705:978-0-916984-84-7
604:, Touré T. 1999.
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498:Nikolsky, 1899.
438:Geographic range
373:parietal shields
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16:Species of snake
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721:, p. 246).
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398:Natural history
388:Pseudocyclophis
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246:Contia satunini
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1057:Rhynchocalamus
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807:melanocephalus
804:Rhynchocalamus
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785:External links
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923:iNaturalist
856:Wikispecies
683:Darevsky IS
602:Campbell JA
586:21 February
515:semideserts
323:Description
40:Adult male
1046:Categories
616:(series).
541:References
452:Azerbaijan
444:shrublands
309:subspecies
302:Colubridae
158:Colubridae
144:Suborder:
759:: 1-76. (
748:. 1862. "
624:(volume).
408:burrowing
298:Near East
261:F. Werner
228:Jan, 1862
176:Species:
148:Serpentes
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
941:10361531
847:Q3429836
841:Wikidata
733:Oligodon
713:. 1894.
687:Orlov NL
424:predator
296:and the
250:Nikolsky
237:—
216:Synonyms
154:Family:
138:Squamata
128:Reptilia
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
1006:4122014
954:1082325
915:2456620
795:at the
472:Lebanon
448:Armenia
392:habitat
384:Eirenis
365:frontal
353:labials
292:to the
290:endemic
286:species
239:Günther
164:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
1029:204122
1026:uBio:
993:102932
980:292903
967:164637
884:ARKive
703:
657:
620:
612:
512:clayey
488:Cyprus
484:Turkey
468:Jordan
456:Israel
381:genera
357:nasals
355:, the
338:dorsal
307:. Two
305:family
263:, 1905
252:, 1899
241:, 1865
209:, 1862
936:IRMNG
928:28756
902:4SRKK
746:Jan G
508:rocky
480:Syria
284:is a
975:NCBI
962:IUCN
949:ITIS
910:GBIF
701:ISBN
655:ISBN
618:ISBN
610:ISBN
588:2022
571:2012
535:IUCN
464:Iraq
460:Iran
428:ants
418:Diet
386:and
315:and
272:The
897:CoL
871:ADW
810:at
752:".
735:".
575:doi
207:Jan
1048::
1016::
1014:RD
1003::
990::
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938::
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912::
899::
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740:49
685:,
638:^
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450:,
434:.
394:.
347:,
311:,
757:2
707:.
663:.
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561:"
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276:(
73:)
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