828:, The Economist (July 8, 2017), Quote: "The trouble began in October after a fishmonger called Mouhcine Fikri was crushed by a garbage compactor at a port in Al Hoceima, which is located in the Rif, a northern mountain region with a rebellious streak. Fikri was trying to retrieve fish that had been confiscated by the authorities. To locals, his death was a striking example of hogra—humiliating treatment by an abusive state. (...) The government has since exacerbated the situation with yet more hogra. In May it called the protesters separatists, though most are not, and suggested that they were foreign agents. (...) The unrest not only increased, but spread to other parts of the country, including Rabat, the capital, where on June 11th thousands of people rallied in support of the Riffians. All told, it is the largest display of public anger in Morocco since the Arab spring in 2011."
1655:
1208:
1856:
1469:
2112:
43:
860:
199:
They have inhabited an impoverished and an eroded, deforested, poorly irrigated region. Poverty rates and infant mortality rates among
Riffians have been high, according to a study published in 1980 by Terri Joseph. The Riffians have lived a largely settled, agricultural lifestyle, using hand tools,
226:
In 1958, some
Riffians revolted against the government. In the decades that followed, the Rif region has witnessed popular demonstrations and demands for better education, healthcare and job opportunities. A resurgent Riffian popular movement in 2010, their protests in 2013 and protests in 2017 for
195:
or
Spanish. Nineteen groups or social units of Riffians are known: five in the west along the Mediterranean coast which speak Riffian and Moroccan Arabic, seven in the centre of which one speaks mainly Moroccan Arabic and rest Riffian, five in the east and two in the southeastern desert area also
175:
According to Irina Casado i Aijon, Riffians have traditionally organized themselves under "patrilineality and patrilocality principles". The oldest man in the household commands authority and responsibility for decisions, while women jointly care for the young and sick without any discrimination.
200:
oxen and cattle to plow the steeply terraced land in their valleys. Horticultural produce along with sheep and goat meat, cheese, and milk provide the traditional sustenance. Some practice sardine-seining along the
Mediterranean coast.
176:
Like other
Berbers, temporary migration is an accepted tradition. The Riffians have been a significant source of Moroccan emigrants into some European countries such as the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany.
215:(tambourine tapping). This tradition, states Hsain Ilahiane, is linked to the 11th-century destruction and deaths of the Riffian fathers during the raid by the Almoravid leader
892:
223:
caused numerous deaths of
Riffian people and of Spanish as well as French soldiers. The Rif War witnessed the use of chemical weapons in the 1920s by the Spanish army.
1149:
203:
Riffians have experienced numerous wars over their history. Some of their cultural traditions reflects and remembers this history, such as the singing and dancing of
1654:
825:
2728:
2068:
1606:
1405:
1797:
367:"Population légale des régions, provinces, préfectures, municipalités, arrondissements et communes du Royaume d'après les résultats du RGPH 2014"
2738:
885:
783:
756:
729:
702:
634:
607:
580:
553:
526:
500:
473:
430:
231:– a humiliating treatment by an abusive state, has drawn public attention, as well as claims of brutal suppression by Moroccan authorities.
810:
1142:
2718:
1207:
2733:
839:
2199:
878:
1135:
2061:
1599:
1026:
951:
1398:
1069:
939:
2723:
2629:
1790:
1855:
2671:
2054:
1592:
1508:
864:
373:
316:
2111:
1468:
1083:
944:
2743:
1391:
1367:
934:
901:
1783:
1158:
1054:
922:
191:. The languages spoken depend on the region, with many Riffians who speak a Berber language also speaking
2622:
2493:
1116:
927:
445:
2576:
2461:
2399:
2409:
2192:
1558:
1036:
2556:
2566:
1975:
1945:
1322:
1282:
909:
2264:
2688:
2656:
1960:
1247:
1232:
1222:
1004:
670:
2394:
2289:
2227:
2666:
2634:
2146:
2000:
1970:
1940:
1352:
1064:
1019:
1009:
806:
779:
752:
746:
725:
721:
Chemical
Warfare Agents: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Second Edition
698:
653:
Joseph, Terri Brint (1980). "Poetry as a
Strategy of Power: The Case of Rifian Berber Women".
630:
603:
576:
570:
549:
543:
522:
516:
496:
490:
469:
426:
216:
2516:
2466:
2444:
2424:
2404:
2379:
2369:
2359:
719:
2676:
2661:
2374:
2364:
2077:
1965:
1910:
1615:
1093:
1078:
1059:
1014:
982:
917:
662:
321:
311:
188:
184:
95:
2389:
775:
Encyclopedia of
Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition
465:
Encyclopedia of
Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition
422:
Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition
2651:
2646:
2561:
2338:
2185:
1870:
1518:
1312:
1098:
1088:
1049:
192:
145:
128:
172:
Muslims, but retain their pre-Islamic traditions such as high status for Riffian women.
42:
2010:
1980:
1840:
1709:
1513:
1414:
1237:
327:
165:
2712:
2596:
2581:
2551:
2521:
2257:
2166:
1995:
1806:
1739:
1699:
1563:
1533:
1498:
1488:
1347:
1262:
278:
674:
2541:
1885:
1734:
1342:
1242:
1187:
339:
259:
800:
773:
692:
624:
597:
463:
420:
2693:
2641:
2586:
2546:
2025:
1990:
1985:
1955:
1890:
1875:
1568:
1458:
1272:
1267:
972:
273:
157:
79:
2488:
2384:
2294:
2274:
2237:
2156:
1930:
1920:
1880:
1835:
1724:
1719:
1543:
1538:
1503:
1362:
1307:
1287:
1252:
1182:
1168:
987:
399:
345:
207:, which literally means "Oh Lady oh Lady, oh Lady Buya" and is accompanied by
2683:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2284:
2126:
1935:
1754:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1443:
1438:
1257:
1227:
748:
Empires of Intelligence: Security Services and Colonial Disorder After 1914
870:
859:
572:
The Eurogang Paradox: Street Gangs and Youth Groups in the U.S. and Europe
2617:
2571:
2531:
2526:
2498:
2439:
2419:
2326:
2301:
2269:
2247:
2136:
2020:
2015:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1759:
1744:
1729:
1704:
1689:
1684:
1573:
1528:
1493:
1357:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1277:
1197:
1192:
289:
2601:
2536:
2476:
2471:
2454:
2449:
2429:
2331:
2232:
2222:
2208:
2161:
2151:
2141:
2101:
2087:
2005:
1749:
1639:
1625:
1327:
997:
977:
220:
180:
161:
149:
141:
133:
67:
1127:
569:
Malcolm Klein; Hans-JĂĽrgen Kerner; Cheryl Maxson; et al. (2012).
366:
2483:
2434:
2414:
2343:
2242:
2035:
2030:
1950:
1925:
1830:
1714:
1553:
1548:
1523:
1337:
1332:
1044:
542:
Irina Casado i Aijon (2013). Laura Oso; Natalia Ribas-Mateos (eds.).
515:
Irina Casado i Aijon (2013). Laura Oso; Natalia Ribas-Mateos (eds.).
489:
Irina Casado i Aijon (2013), Laura Oso; Natalia Ribas-Mateos (eds.),
545:
The International Handbook on Gender, Migration and Transnationalism
518:
The International Handbook on Gender, Migration and Transnationalism
492:
The International Handbook on Gender, Migration and Transnationalism
2046:
1584:
666:
2591:
2279:
1915:
1764:
1694:
1644:
1483:
1448:
1424:
1372:
1317:
992:
967:
844:. Harvard African studies.v. 9. University of Harvard. p. 38.
333:
169:
153:
1383:
2252:
2131:
1845:
1816:
1775:
1453:
152:). Communities of Riffian immigrants are also found in southern
2181:
2050:
1779:
1588:
1387:
1131:
874:
239:
The Riffians are divided into these tribes and tribal groups:
137:
2177:
718:
James A. Romano Jr.; Harry Salem; Brian J. Lukey (2007).
521:. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 450 with notes 2–8.
495:, Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 450 with notes 2–8,
112:
118:
106:
802:
Rebels in the Rif: Abd el Krim and the Rif Rebellion
751:. University of California Press. pp. 147–149.
2610:
2509:
2352:
2215:
2119:
2094:
1863:
1823:
1662:
1632:
1476:
1431:
1215:
1175:
1109:
1035:
960:
908:
73:
61:
49:
33:
686:
684:
596:Maurice Crul; Flip Lindo; Ching Lin Pang (1999).
414:
412:
410:
408:
694:Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen)
826:Rough in the Rif: Morocco’s unrest is worsening
655:Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society
2193:
2062:
1791:
1600:
1399:
1143:
886:
648:
646:
548:. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 439–449.
8:
805:. Stanford University Press. pp. 1–17.
629:. Greenwood Publishing. pp. 1590–1592.
22:
661:(3). University of Chicago Press: 418–434.
2200:
2186:
2178:
2069:
2055:
2047:
1798:
1784:
1776:
1607:
1593:
1585:
1406:
1392:
1384:
1150:
1136:
1128:
893:
879:
871:
626:Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: L-R
452:, page 12, 2005, Editions de Paris, Paris.
41:
21:
394:
392:
390:
697:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 44.
398:The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica,
358:
575:. Springer Science. pp. 166–167.
127:
7:
2729:Indigenous peoples of North Africa
14:
450:Le monde arabe existe-t-il ?
136:ethnic group originally from the
57:(4% of Moroccan population; 2014)
2110:
1854:
1653:
1467:
1206:
858:
602:. Het Spinhuis. pp. 66–67.
1:
599:Culture, Structure and Beyond
2739:Muslim communities in Africa
219:. In more modern times, the
196:speak the Riffian language.
119:
107:
838:Coon, Charleton S. (1931).
2760:
402:, Encyclopaedia Britannica
205:Ayara Liyara, Ayara Labuya
168:. They are overwhelmingly
113:
99:
2719:Berber peoples and tribes
2108:
2084:
1852:
1813:
1651:
1622:
1465:
1421:
1204:
1165:
799:David S. Woolman (1968).
778:. ABC-CLIO. p. 352.
772:James B. Minahan (2016).
724:. CRC Press. p. 11.
468:. ABC-CLIO. p. 352.
462:James B. Minahan (2016).
425:. ABC-CLIO. p. 352.
419:James B. Minahan (2016).
374:Haut Commissariat au Plan
317:Senhaja de Srair language
78:
66:
54:
40:
2734:Ethnic groups in Morocco
1084:Standard Moroccan Berber
348:Tlemcen, Western Algeria
235:Tribes and tribal groups
164:as well as elsewhere in
129:[iɾifijən,æɾifi]
1509:Bni Oukil Oulad M'Hand
1368:Zaouiat Sidi Abdelkader
902:Demographics of Morocco
691:Hsain Ilahiane (2017).
183:, which belongs to the
140:region of northeastern
1055:Modern Standard Arabic
745:Martin Thomas (2008).
623:James Minahan (2002).
2243:Koidamousii/Ucutumani
1559:Oulad Daoud Zkhanine
867:at Wikimedia Commons
1976:Meknassa Al Gharbia
1946:Gzenaya Al Janoubia
1323:Moulay Ahmed Cherif
1283:Bni Gmil Maksouline
1159:Al HoceĂŻma Province
30:
16:Berber ethnic group
2724:Berbers in Morocco
2689:Kabyle nationalism
1248:Bni Ahmed Imoukzan
1233:Ait Youssef Ou Ali
1223:Abdelghaya Souahel
342:in the Eastern Rif
336:in the Western Rif
330:in the Western Rif
324:in the Central Rif
55:Around 1.5 million
2704:
2703:
2577:Sanhajas de Srayr
2175:
2174:
2147:Houara Oulad Raho
2044:
2043:
2001:Sidi Ali Bourakba
1971:Meknassa Acharqia
1941:Ghiata Al Gharbia
1773:
1772:
1582:
1581:
1381:
1380:
1125:
1124:
1110:Foreign nationals
863:Media related to
841:Tribes of the Rif
785:978-1-61069-954-9
758:978-0-520-25117-5
731:978-1-4200-4662-5
704:978-1-4422-8182-0
636:978-0-313-32111-5
609:978-90-5589-173-3
582:978-94-010-0882-2
555:978-1-78195-147-7
528:978-1-78195-147-7
502:978-1-78195-147-7
475:978-1-61069-954-9
432:978-1-61069-954-9
217:Yusuf ibn Tashfin
105:
85:
84:
29:
2751:
2647:Arabized Berbers
2202:
2195:
2188:
2179:
2114:
2078:Guercif Province
2071:
2064:
2057:
2048:
1858:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1777:
1657:
1616:Driouch Province
1609:
1602:
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1586:
1471:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1385:
1210:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1129:
1060:Hassaniya Arabic
983:Arabised Berbers
895:
888:
881:
872:
862:
846:
845:
835:
829:
823:
817:
816:
812:978-08047-066-43
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742:
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459:
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437:
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416:
403:
396:
385:
384:
382:
380:
371:
363:
322:Senhaja de Srair
312:Ghomara language
189:Berber languages
131:
126:
122:
116:
115:
110:
104:romanized:
103:
101:
96:Berber languages
50:Total population
45:
31:
25:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2700:
2652:Berber diaspora
2606:
2505:
2348:
2339:Quinquegentiani
2211:
2206:
2176:
2171:
2115:
2106:
2090:
2080:
2075:
2045:
2040:
1871:Ait Saghrouchen
1859:
1850:
1819:
1809:
1804:
1774:
1769:
1658:
1649:
1628:
1618:
1613:
1583:
1578:
1519:Bni Sidel Louta
1472:
1463:
1427:
1417:
1412:
1382:
1377:
1211:
1202:
1171:
1161:
1156:
1126:
1121:
1105:
1050:Moroccan Arabic
1031:
956:
904:
899:
855:
850:
849:
837:
836:
832:
824:
820:
813:
798:
797:
793:
786:
771:
770:
766:
759:
744:
743:
739:
732:
717:
716:
712:
705:
690:
689:
682:
652:
651:
644:
637:
622:
621:
617:
610:
595:
594:
590:
583:
568:
567:
563:
556:
541:
540:
536:
529:
514:
513:
509:
503:
488:
487:
483:
476:
461:
460:
456:
446:Lucien Oulahbib
444:
440:
433:
418:
417:
406:
397:
388:
378:
376:
369:
365:
364:
360:
355:
308:
303:
237:
211:(couplets) and
193:Moroccan Arabic
179:Riffians speak
146:autonomous city
124:
56:
36:
24:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2757:
2755:
2747:
2746:
2744:Riffian people
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2711:
2710:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2696:
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2679:
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2120:Rural communes
2117:
2116:
2109:
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2104:
2098:
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2041:
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2013:
2008:
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1983:
1978:
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1968:
1963:
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1824:Municipalities
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1710:Dar El Kebdani
1707:
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1633:municipalities
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1614:
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1514:Bni Sidel Jbel
1511:
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1496:
1491:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1477:Rural communes
1474:
1473:
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1456:
1451:
1446:
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1433:
1432:Municipalities
1429:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1415:Nador Province
1413:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1388:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
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1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1238:Arbaa Taourirt
1235:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1216:Rural communes
1213:
1212:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1179:
1177:
1176:Municipalities
1173:
1172:
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2167:Oulad Bourima
2165:
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1996:Rbaa El Fouki
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1807:Taza Province
1801:
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1778:
1766:
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1740:Oulad Boubker
1738:
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1698:
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1534:Hassi Berkane
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1499:Bni Bouifrour
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1489:Al Barkanyene
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1348:Sidi Bouzineb
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1263:Bni Bouchibet
1261:
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961:Ethnic groups
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945:Protestantism
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279:Ait Waryaghar
277:
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270:Ait Temsamane
269:
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258:
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53:
48:
44:
39:
32:
28:
2706:
2642:Arab-Berbers
2623:Latin script
2095:Municipality
1886:Bab Marzouka
1735:Oulad Amghar
1343:Sidi Boutmim
1243:Bni Abdallah
1188:Bni Bouayach
1070:Pre-Hilalian
973:Arab-Berbers
935:Christianity
840:
833:
821:
801:
794:
774:
767:
747:
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720:
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693:
658:
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571:
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544:
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517:
510:
491:
484:
464:
457:
449:
441:
421:
377:. Retrieved
361:
340:Beni Iznasen
267:Ait Tafersit
250:Ait Bouyahyi
238:
228:
225:
212:
208:
204:
202:
198:
185:Zenati group
178:
174:
111:; singular:
91:
87:
86:
26:
19:Ethnic group
2672:Netherlands
2547:Berber Jews
2026:Tizi Ouasli
1991:Oulad Zbair
1986:Oulad Chrif
1956:Kaf El Ghar
1891:Bni Frassen
1569:Ras Kebdana
1459:Zeghanghane
1273:Bni Bounsar
1268:Bni Boufrah
940:Catholicism
379:15 February
372:. Morocco.
274:Ait Touzine
247:Ait Boufrah
158:Netherlands
80:Sunni Islam
2713:Categories
2489:Banu Ifran
2385:Barghawata
2295:Mauretania
2275:Marmaridae
2238:Garamantes
2157:Ras Laksar
1931:El Gouzate
1921:Bouyablane
1881:Bab Boudir
1836:Oued Amlil
1720:Ijermaouas
1544:Ihaddadene
1539:Iaazzanene
1504:Bni Chiker
1363:Tifarouine
1308:Izemmouren
1288:Bni Hadifa
1253:Bni Ammart
1183:Al Hoceima
1169:Al Hoceima
1020:Portuguese
988:Afro-Arabs
400:Rif people
353:References
346:Beni Snous
260:Ait Ourish
256:Ait Itteft
244:Ait Ammart
148:of Spain,
125:pronounced
2684:Berberism
2562:Mozabites
2395:Fendelawa
2322:Masaesyli
2312:Nasamones
2307:Musulamii
2290:Makanitae
2285:Bakouatae
2228:Banioubae
2127:Mazguitam
2086:Capital:
1961:Maghraoua
1936:Galdamane
1815:Capital:
1755:Tazaghine
1680:Ain Zohra
1675:Ben Taieb
1670:Temsamane
1624:Capital:
1444:Bni Ansar
1439:Al Aaroui
1423:Capital:
1258:Bni Bchir
1228:Ait Kamra
1167:Capital:
1099:Tachelhit
1037:Languages
1015:Spaniards
910:Religions
297:Iqer'iyen
294:Ikebdanen
290:Igzenayen
283:Ibaqouyen
108:Iriffiyen
62:Languages
27:Iriffiyen
2630:Religion
2572:Riffians
2557:Matmatas
2532:Ghomaras
2527:Chenouas
2499:Maghrawa
2420:Guanches
2353:Medieval
2327:Massylii
2302:Meshwesh
2270:Machlyes
2248:Leuathae
2137:Assebbab
2021:Tazarine
2016:Tainaste
1906:Bouchfaa
1901:Bni Lent
1896:Bni Ftah
1760:Trougout
1745:Tafersit
1730:Ouardana
1705:Boudinar
1690:Amejjaou
1685:Ait Mait
1663:communes
1574:Selouane
1529:Farkhana
1494:Arekmane
1358:Tamsaout
1353:Taghzout
1303:Issaguen
1298:Imrabten
1293:Chakrane
1278:Bni Gmil
1198:Targuist
1193:Imzouren
1065:Hilalian
1010:Italians
1005:European
675:14712463
306:See also
300:Mestassa
286:Ibdarsen
264:Ait Said
253:Ait Gmil
132:) are a
100:ⵉⵔⵉⴼⵉⵢⴻⵏ
88:Riffians
74:Religion
35:ⵉⵔⵉⴼⵉⵢⴻⵏ
23:Riffians
2657:Belgium
2602:Zayanes
2597:Tuaregs
2567:Nafusis
2552:Kabyles
2537:Hawwara
2522:Chaouis
2517:Brabers
2477:Lamtuna
2472:Sanhaja
2467:Nafzawa
2462:Matmata
2455:Hintata
2450:Masmuda
2445:Madyuna
2430:Hawwara
2425:Haskura
2410:Ghiatta
2405:Gazoula
2400:Ghumara
2380:Bahlula
2370:Awregha
2360:Adjissa
2332:Numidia
2317:Numidae
2233:Gaetuli
2223:Bavares
2216:Ancient
2209:Berbers
2162:Taddart
2152:Lamrija
2142:Barkine
2102:Guercif
2088:Guercif
1966:Matmata
1911:Bouhlou
1750:Talilit
1725:M'Hajer
1640:Driouch
1626:Driouch
1328:Nekkour
1094:Zenatic
998:Haratin
978:Berbers
952:Judaism
328:Ghomara
221:Rif War
181:Tarifit
162:Belgium
150:Melilla
142:Morocco
92:Rifians
68:Tarifit
2667:France
2662:Canada
2618:Script
2592:Teknas
2582:Shilha
2542:Jerbis
2510:Modern
2494:Jarawa
2484:Zanata
2440:Luwata
2435:Kutama
2415:Godala
2375:Azdeja
2365:Awerba
2344:Psylli
2036:Zrarda
2031:Traiba
1951:Jbarna
1926:Brarha
1831:Aknoul
1715:Iferni
1554:Khadab
1549:Iksane
1524:Bouarg
1338:Senada
1333:Rouadi
1313:Ketama
1117:Malays
1079:Berber
1045:Arabic
809:
782:
755:
728:
701:
673:
633:
606:
579:
552:
525:
499:
472:
429:
213:addjun
134:Berber
120:Ariffi
2635:Islam
2587:Siwis
2390:Fazaz
2280:Mauri
2265:Macae
2258:Libya
2011:Taifa
1981:Msila
1916:Bourd
1876:Ajdir
1841:Tahla
1765:Tsaft
1695:Azlaf
1645:Midar
1484:Afsou
1449:Nador
1425:Nador
1373:Zarkt
1318:Louta
1089:Atlas
993:Gnawa
968:Arabs
923:Sunni
918:Islam
671:S2CID
370:(Xls)
334:Jbala
229:hogra
209:izran
170:Sunni
154:Spain
114:ⴰⵔⵉⴼⵉ
2694:flag
2253:Libu
2132:Saka
2006:SmiĂ
1846:Taza
1817:Taza
1454:Zaio
1027:Jews
928:Shia
807:ISBN
780:ISBN
753:ISBN
726:ISBN
699:ISBN
631:ISBN
604:ISBN
577:ISBN
550:ISBN
523:ISBN
497:ISBN
470:ISBN
427:ISBN
381:2016
160:and
663:doi
187:of
138:Rif
90:or
2715::
683:^
669:.
657:.
645:^
448:,
407:^
389:^
156:,
123:,
117:,
102:,
98::
2201:e
2194:t
2187:v
2070:e
2063:t
2056:v
1799:e
1792:t
1785:v
1608:e
1601:t
1594:v
1407:e
1400:t
1393:v
1151:e
1144:t
1137:v
894:e
887:t
880:v
815:.
788:.
761:.
734:.
707:.
677:.
665::
659:5
639:.
612:.
585:.
558:.
531:.
478:.
435:.
383:.
94:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
