423:
260:
31:
575:
175:
1764:
1702:
1384:: "Branle, calandre, La Fille d'Alexandre, La pêche bien mûre, Le rosier tout fleuri, Coucou toupi – En disant 'coucou toupi', tous les enfants quie forment la ronde, s'accroupissent", roughly translated: "The peach well ripe, the rose all blooming, cuckoo humming – When 'cuckoo humming' is said, all the children forming the circle crouch down".
306:
653:
and the children would dance and stoop to the person in the center. Variations, especially more literal ones, were identified and noted with the literal falling down that would sever the connections to the game-rhyme. Again in 1898, sneezing was then noted to be indicative of many superstitious and
69:
248:(1882) explains what happens here, giving the variation as "One, two, three—squat!" Before the last line, the children stop suddenly, then exclaim it together, "suiting the action to the word with unfailing hilarity and complete satisfaction".
82:
1370:
Opie and Opie (1985), pp. 222–223: "The following are the seven earliest reports known from in
Britain ... In only four of these recordings is sneezing a feature". The point becomes stronger when American versions are also taken into
1066:"Deutsches Kinderlied und Kinderspiel. In Kassel aus Kindermund in Wort und Weise gesammelt von Johann Lewalter" (Kassel 1911), I Nr. 12. Hermann Dunger, "Kinderlieder und Kinderspiele aus dem Vogtlande" (Plauen 1874), p. 320. Böhme (1897)
108:
95:
507:" ("Circle, circle, rose"), recorded in Venice in 1874, in which girls danced around the girl in the middle who skipped and curtsied as demanded by the verses and at the end kissed the one she liked best, so choosing her for the middle.
694:
The invariable sneezing and falling down in modern
English versions have given would-be origin finders the opportunity to say that the rhyme dates back to the Great Plague. A rosy rash, they allege, was a symptom of the plague, and
372:
Newell writes that "t the end of the words the children suddenly stoop, and the last to get down undergoes some penalty, or has to take the place of the child in the centre, who represents the 'rosie' (rose-tree; French,
625:
wept gold." It claimed the first instance to be indicative of pagan beings of light. Another suggestion is more literal, that it was making a "ring" around the roses and bowing with the "all fall down" as a
781:
The great variety of forms makes it unlikely that the modern form is the most ancient one, and the words on which the interpretation are based are not found in many of the earliest records of the rhyme.
437:
A German rhyme first printed in 1796 closely resembles "Ring a ring o' roses" in its first stanza and accompanies the same actions (with sitting rather than falling as the concluding action):
1254:
Compare Opie and Opie (1985), p. 221, where they note that neither cure nor symptoms (except for death) feature prominently in contemporary or near contemporary accounts of the plague.
151:. Descriptions first emerge in the mid-19th century, but are reported as dating from decades before, and similar rhymes are known from across Europe, with various lyrics. It has a
459:
Loosely translated this says: "Round about in rings / We children three/ Sit beneath an elderbush / And 'Shoo, shoo, shoo' go we!" The rhyme (as in the popular collection
538:
The words to which these children danced are not referred to, but their opening is quoted by the
English artists who pictured similar scenes in the 19th century. In
275:
Variations, corruptions, and vulgarized versions were noted to be in use long before the earliest printed publications. One such variation was dated to be in use in
523:(children dancing in a ring) of 1872 takes place in an Alpine meadow, while his later version of the game has the children dancing round a tree. The Florentine
719:
of the bodies, the burning of victims' houses, or blackening of their skin, and the theory has been adapted to be applied to other versions of the rhyme.
747:
1821:
244:
Some versions replace the third line with "Red Bird Blue Bird", "Green Grass-Yellow Grass" or substitute as ending "Sweet bread, rye bread,/ Squat!"
757:
193:
around a person, and stoop or curtsy with the final line. The slowest child to do so is faced with a penalty or becomes the "rosie" (literally:
1536:
1143:
1806:
189:
It is unknown what the earliest wording of the rhyme was or when it began. Many versions of the game have a group of children form a ring,
1478:
1451:
1417:
760:, the traditional rhyme was jokingly proposed as the "ideal choice" of song to accompany hand-washing in order to ward off infection.
1053:
Böhme (1897), pp. 438–41, Opie and Opie (1985), p. 227. Other rhymes for the same game have some similarity in the first line, e.g. "
1109:
1831:
1826:
551:
1505:
678:
in
England. Interpreters of the rhyme before World War II make no mention of this; by 1951, however, it seems to have become
158:
The origin of the song is unknown. There is no evidence for the popular 20th-century interpretation which relates it to the
495:
Swiss versions have the children dancing round a rosebush. Other
European singing games with a strong resemblance include "
1176:
621:
relating it to pagan myths and citing a passage which reads "Gifted children of fortune have the power to laugh roses, as
726:
and has been used elsewhere to make oblique reference to the plague. In 1949, a parodist composed a version alluding to
1801:
1192:
492:
In translation: "A ring, a ring o' roses,/ Lovely apricots,/ Violets blue, forget-me-nots,/ Sit down, children all!"
1529:
547:
353:
1786:
1601:
1131:
245:
1796:
784:
European and 19th-century versions of the rhyme suggest that this "fall" was not a literal falling down, but a
539:
850:
1666:
1816:
1811:
1296:
Opie and Opie (1985), p. 221, citing the use of the rhyme to headline an article on the plague village of
1154:
948:
667:
563:
559:
159:
1398:
1522:
1165:
1013:
981:
650:
461:
179:
897:
1003:
535:(Round-dance), in which young maidens circle a child at the center to an instrumental accompaniment.
1208:
349:
264:
152:
422:
1791:
1736:
1569:
965:
683:
616:
1428:
727:
1497:
1716:
1501:
1474:
1447:
1413:
501:" ("Rose, rose, May") from The Netherlands with a similar tune to "Ring a ring o' roses" and "
141:
1305:
931:
1721:
1489:
1009:
768:
663:
515:
Evidence of similar children's round-dances appears in continental paintings. For example,
387:. A group of young children form a ring, from which a boy takes out a girl and kisses her.
259:
1751:
723:
524:
284:
145:
30:
586:
The origins and meanings of the game have long been unknown and subject to speculation.
1767:
1726:
1686:
1631:
1611:
679:
675:
379:
321:
309:
163:
1120:
1780:
1651:
1606:
1559:
1490:
1309:
687:
555:
137:
45:
1646:
1268:
574:
1746:
1641:
1626:
1545:
1470:
1443:
1325:
631:
591:
305:
190:
174:
148:
788:
or other form of bending movement that was common in other dramatic singing games.
1661:
1656:
1616:
1581:
1343:
611:
554:
in 1885) the children dance around a tree. Two other artists connected with the
528:
276:
36:
1731:
1681:
699:
of herbs were carried as protection and to ward off the smell of the disease.
578:
Illustration by L. Leslie Brooke (1862–1940) for "All Tumble Down" from Anon,
516:
430:
391:
352:
reports several variants, one of which he provides with a melody and dates to
542:'s "Ring o' Roses" of about 1850 the children dance to the music of a seated
1691:
872:
716:
1215:. The Osage City Free Press (Osage City, Kansas). 25 August 1892. p. 6
982:"Gleanings from the Writings of the late Wm. B. Marsh IV: Twilight Musings"
1701:
1463:
682:
for the form of the rhyme that had become standard in the United
Kingdom.
1636:
736:
707:
was a final fatal symptom, and "all fall down" was exactly what happened.
704:
700:
587:
550:'s "Ring a Ring of Roses" (the title under which it was exhibited at the
543:
778:
The symptoms described do not fit especially well with the Great Plague.
649:, published in 1883, the "rosie" was a reference to the French word for
1676:
742:
696:
671:
232:
212:
775:
The plague explanation did not appear until the mid-twentieth century.
1671:
1591:
1574:
1564:
1276:
785:
627:
622:
715:
in colonial versions of the rhyme is claimed to refer variously to
1621:
1596:
639:
573:
421:
304:
258:
173:
377:)." A different penalty was recorded in an 1846 article from the
251:
An Indian version ends with: "Husha busha! / We all fall down!"
1586:
1297:
1057:", less in other lines – see Böhme (1897), 442–5.
194:
1518:
1514:
898:"Ring a Ring a Roses, Ringa Ringa Roses - Poem Lyrics, Rhymes"
771:
regard the Great Plague explanation of the rhyme as baseless:
594:
explanation, common since the mid-20th century, as baseless.
410:
On the last line "they stand and imitate sneezing". In their
722:
In its various forms, the interpretation has entered into
185:(1922) shows nursery rhyme characters performing the game
1267:
Mikkelson, Barbara; Mikkelson, David P. (12 July 2007).
1035:
The one commonly sung according to Böhme (1897), p. 438.
837:
The
Rooster Crows: A Book of American Rhymes and Jingles
606:
considered the game to be of pagan origin, based on the
465:) is well known in Germany and has many local variants.
1430:
The
Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland
877:
Mama Lisa's World of
Children and International Culture
811:
The
Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland
263:
American children playing the game, an illustration by
403:
One for Jack and one for Jim and one for little Moses!
1403:. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel. pp. 438–445.
1380:
See above, and Opie and Opie (1951), p. 365, citing
936:. New York: Harper & Brothers. pp. 127–128.
658:
The Great Plague explanation of the mid-20th century
1709:
1552:
1075:
Böhme (1897), p. 439, Opie and Opie (1985), p. 225.
1044:
Böhme (1897), p. 438, Opie and Opie (1985), p. 225.
821:
819:
201:) and takes their place in the center of the ring.
51:
44:
23:
1462:
953:. London: Sampson, Low, Son & Co. p. 213.
1442:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press (
1323:"Christmas competition results – Nursery rhyme".
1412:. Lincoln, Nebraska: iUniverse. pp. 38–39.
654:supernatural beliefs across differing cultures.
1433:. Vol. 2. London: David Nutt. p. 108.
732:
692:
666:, the rhyme has often been associated with the
470:
444:
414:the Opies record similar variations over time.
396:
358:
330:
289:
226:
206:
1008:. London: Trübner & Co. pp. 511–512.
756:In March 2020, during the early stages of the
1530:
1092:
1090:
970:. London: Frederick Warne and Co. p. 52.
502:
8:
1469:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.
1496:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.
1347:. No. 1518. 20 March 2020. p. 21.
1250:
1248:
496:
1763:
1537:
1523:
1515:
1361:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 296.
674:in 1665, or with earlier outbreaks of the
394:folk-lore includes the following version:
29:
20:
1488:Simpson, Jacqueline; Roud, Steve (2000).
1331:; quoted in Opie and Opie (1951), p. 365.
1262:
1260:
320:Another early record of the rhyme was in
1410:Mother Goose, from Nursery to Literature
1106:Deutsche Kunstausstellung in Cassel 1913
997:
995:
925:
923:
921:
919:
326:Mother Goose; or, the Old Nursery Rhymes
1440:The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes
1186:
1184:
967:Mother Goose, or the Old Nursery Rhymes
861:(628). Philadelphia: 379. October 1882.
802:
758:COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
43:
839:. New York: Simon & Schuster, Inc.
314:Mother Goose or the Old Nursery Rhymes
1002:Burne, Charlotte Sophia, ed. (1883).
35:Melodies for "Ring a Ring o' Roses",
7:
1400:Deutsches Kinderlied und Kinderspiel
964:Greenaway, Kate (illustr.) (n.d.) .
933:Games and Songs of American Children
647:Games and Songs of American Children
346:Games and Songs of American Children
1108:, Kassel University reprint, 2020,
598:Theories from the late 19th century
453:Und machen alle Husch husch husch!
1233:Opie and Opie (1985), pp. 221–222.
835:Petersham, Maud and Miska (1945).
680:well established as an explanation
224:Common American versions include:
14:
1438:Opie, Iona; Opie, Peter (1997) .
204:Common British versions include:
1762:
1700:
1492:A Dictionary of English Folklore
1461:Opie, Iona; Opie, Peter (1985).
1359:A Dictionary of English Folklore
1357:Simpson, J. and S. Roud (2000).
1194:A Dictionary of British Folklore
855:Godey's Lady's Book and Magazine
630:. In 1892, the American writer,
604:A Dictionary of British Folklore
482:Veilchen blau, Vergissmeinnicht,
1191:Gomme, George Laurence (1898).
930:Newell, William Wells (1884) .
552:Royal Academy Summer Exhibition
279:in the 1840s. A novel of 1855,
638:that specifically referred to
132:", or (in the United States) "
1:
1382:Chants Populaire du Languedoc
1273:Urban Legends Reference Pages
1242:Opie and Opie (1951), p. 365.
1096:Opie and Opie (1985), p. 224.
1084:Opie and Opie (1985), p. 227.
1026:Opie and Opie (1985), p. 222.
686:, the leading authorities on
527:transported the scene to the
468:Another German version runs:
1822:Traditional children's songs
1427:Gomme, Alice Bertha (1898).
1408:Delamar, Gloria T. (2001) .
1397:Böhme, Franz Magnus (1897).
1329:. 9 January 1949. p. 6.
1197:. D. Nutt. pp. 110–111.
590:scholars regard the popular
412:Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes
988:. 17 March 1846. p. 2.
873:"Ringa Ringa Roses - India"
642:folk playing ring-a-rosie.
449:Wir sind der Kinder dreien,
405:A-tisha! a-tisha! a-tisha!
1850:
1055:Ringel, ringel, Rosenkranz
451:Sitzen unter'm Hollerbusch
383:describing the game named
354:New Bedford, Massachusetts
300:A ring – a ring of roses.
162:, or earlier outbreaks of
1760:
1698:
1602:Dances of Universal Peace
1391:General and cited sources
1213:The Osage City Free Press
947:Stephens, Ann S. (1855).
825:Delamar (2001), pp. 38-9.
365:All the girls in our town
292:A ring – a ring of roses,
59:
28:
1807:English children's songs
1341:"Letters – Viral news".
1304:, 7 June 1973; title of
904:. Parenting Nation India
558:also depicted the game:
486:Alle Kinder setzen sich!
401:A pocket-full o' posies;
399:A ring, a ring o' roses,
339:We're all tumbled down.
335:A pocket full of posies;
287:, records the variation
1269:"Ring Around the Rosie"
1014:2027/mdp.39015012258318
367:Ring for little Josie.
363:A bottle full of posie,
337:Hush! hush! hush! hush!
269:The Little Mother Goose
1832:Great Plague of London
1827:English nursery rhymes
1177:Plymouth Auction Rooms
1142:The Year's Art, 1886,
902:www.parentingnation.in
754:
709:
583:
560:Elizabeth Adela Forbes
503:
497:
490:
474:Ringel, Ringel, Rosen,
456:
434:
408:
390:An 1883 collection of
370:
342:
317:
303:
272:
242:
229:Ring around the rosie,
222:
197:tree, from the French
186:
24:"Ring a Ring o' Roses"
1446:). pp. 364–365.
577:
462:Des Knaben Wunderhorn
447:Ringel ringel reihen,
425:
312:'s illustration from
308:
262:
209:Ring-a-ring o' roses,
177:
134:Ring Around the Rosie
1742:Ring a Ring o' Roses
1005:Shropshire Folk-Lore
634:wrote a poem titled
361:Ring a ring a Rosie,
350:William Wells Newell
333:Ring-a-ring-a-roses,
294:Laps full of posies;
265:Jessie Willcox Smith
153:Roud Folk Song Index
130:Ring a Ring o' Rosie
126:Ring a Ring o' Roses
1737:Participation dance
1209:"Children's Column"
684:Peter and Iona Opie
617:Deutsche Mythologie
246:Godey's Lady's Book
217:A-tishoo! A-tishoo!
1802:English folk songs
1132:Google Art Project
728:radiation sickness
670:which happened in
608:Sheffield Glossary
584:
435:
318:
273:
239:We all fall down!
219:We all fall down!
187:
180:L. Leslie Brooke's
1774:
1773:
1717:Barmaley Fountain
950:The Old Homestead
769:Folklore scholars
741:A pocket full of
478:Schöne Aprikosen,
427:Children's Dances
418:European variants
298:Now come and make
281:The Old Homestead
255:Early attestation
231:A pocket full of
211:A pocket full of
191:dance in a circle
122:
121:
1839:
1787:1790s in England
1766:
1765:
1722:Circumambulation
1704:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1516:
1511:
1495:
1484:
1468:
1465:The Singing Game
1457:
1434:
1423:
1404:
1385:
1378:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1338:
1332:
1330:
1320:
1314:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1264:
1255:
1252:
1243:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1188:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1163:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1118:
1112:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1058:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1017:
999:
990:
989:
978:
972:
971:
961:
955:
954:
944:
938:
937:
927:
914:
913:
911:
909:
894:
888:
887:
885:
883:
869:
863:
862:
847:
841:
840:
832:
826:
823:
814:
807:
664:Second World War
548:Frederick Morgan
506:
500:
498:Roze, roze, meie
155:number of 7925.
115:
114:
113:
111:
102:
101:
100:
98:
89:
88:
87:
85:
76:
75:
74:
72:
71:Play Marlborough
33:
21:
1849:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1797:1881 in England
1777:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1756:
1752:Bernhard Wosien
1705:
1696:
1548:
1543:
1508:
1487:
1481:
1460:
1454:
1437:
1426:
1420:
1407:
1396:
1393:
1388:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1365:
1356:
1352:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1295:
1291:
1281:
1279:
1266:
1265:
1258:
1253:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1190:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1126:
1119:
1115:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1001:
1000:
993:
980:
979:
975:
963:
962:
958:
946:
945:
941:
929:
928:
917:
907:
905:
896:
895:
891:
881:
879:
871:
870:
866:
849:
848:
844:
834:
833:
829:
824:
817:
808:
804:
800:
795:
766:
753:
751:All fall down!
750:
746:
740:
735:Ring-a-ring-o'-
724:popular culture
660:
600:
572:
525:Raffaello Sorbi
513:
504:Gira, gira rosa
489:
484:
480:
476:
455:
452:
450:
448:
420:
407:
404:
402:
400:
369:
366:
364:
362:
341:
338:
336:
334:
302:
299:
297:
295:
293:
285:Ann S. Stephens
257:
241:
238:
236:
230:
221:
218:
216:
210:
172:
118:
109:
107:
106:
105:
96:
94:
93:
92:
83:
81:
80:
79:
70:
68:
67:
66:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1779:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1768:List of dances
1761:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1727:Ecstatic dance
1724:
1719:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1687:Thabal chongba
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1612:Ganggangsullae
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1506:
1485:
1480:978-0198600886
1479:
1458:
1453:978-0198600886
1452:
1435:
1424:
1419:978-0595185771
1418:
1405:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1373:
1363:
1350:
1333:
1315:
1289:
1256:
1244:
1235:
1226:
1200:
1180:
1169:
1158:
1147:
1135:
1124:
1113:
1098:
1086:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1046:
1037:
1028:
1019:
991:
986:Brooklyn Eagle
973:
956:
939:
915:
889:
864:
842:
827:
815:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
790:
789:
782:
779:
776:
765:
762:
733:
688:nursery rhymes
676:bubonic plague
659:
656:
610:comparison of
599:
596:
571:
568:
540:Thomas Webster
512:
509:
471:
445:
419:
416:
397:
380:Brooklyn Eagle
359:
331:
322:Kate Greenaway
310:Kate Greenaway
296:Awake – awake!
290:
256:
253:
227:
207:
171:
168:
166:, in England.
164:bubonic plague
120:
119:
117:
116:
103:
90:
77:
63:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
42:
41:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1845:
1844:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1817:Urban legends
1815:
1813:
1812:Singing games
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1769:
1759:
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1693:
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1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1652:Kurdish dance
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
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1583:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1540:
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1533:
1528:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1509:
1503:
1499:
1494:
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1486:
1482:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1346:
1345:
1337:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1310:New Scientist
1307:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1099:
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1091:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1050:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1006:
998:
996:
992:
987:
983:
977:
974:
969:
968:
960:
957:
952:
951:
943:
940:
935:
934:
926:
924:
922:
920:
916:
903:
899:
893:
890:
878:
874:
868:
865:
860:
856:
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846:
843:
838:
831:
828:
822:
820:
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689:
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677:
673:
669:
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655:
652:
648:
645:According to
643:
641:
637:
633:
629:
624:
620:
618:
613:
609:
605:
597:
595:
593:
589:
581:
580:Ring O' Roses
576:
569:
567:
565:
564:Harold Harvey
561:
557:
556:Newlyn School
553:
549:
545:
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
510:
508:
505:
499:
493:
488:
487:
483:
479:
475:
469:
466:
464:
463:
457:
454:
442:
441:
438:
432:
428:
424:
417:
415:
413:
406:
395:
393:
388:
386:
385:Ring o' Roses
382:
381:
376:
368:
357:
356:around 1790:
355:
351:
347:
340:
329:
327:
323:
315:
311:
307:
301:
288:
286:
282:
278:
270:
266:
261:
254:
252:
249:
247:
240:
237:Ashes! Ashes!
234:
225:
220:
214:
205:
202:
200:
196:
192:
184:
183:Ring O' Roses
181:
178:The cover of
176:
169:
167:
165:
161:
156:
154:
150:
147:
143:
139:
138:nursery rhyme
135:
131:
127:
112:
104:
99:
91:
86:
78:
73:
65:
64:
62:
61:Audio samples
58:
54:
50:
47:
46:Nursery rhyme
38:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1747:Sacred dance
1741:
1667:Pontic Greek
1546:Circle dance
1491:
1464:
1439:
1429:
1409:
1399:
1381:
1376:
1366:
1358:
1353:
1342:
1336:
1326:The Observer
1324:
1318:
1308:
1301:
1292:
1280:. Retrieved
1272:
1238:
1229:
1217:. Retrieved
1212:
1203:
1193:
1172:
1161:
1150:
1138:
1127:
1116:
1105:
1101:
1080:
1071:
1062:
1054:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1004:
985:
976:
966:
959:
949:
942:
932:
906:. Retrieved
901:
892:
880:. Retrieved
876:
867:
858:
854:
845:
836:
830:
810:
805:
767:
755:
734:
721:
713:Ashes, Ashes
712:
710:
693:
690:, remarked:
668:Great Plague
661:
646:
644:
635:
632:Eugene Field
615:
607:
603:
601:
592:Great Plague
585:
579:
562:in 1880 and
537:
532:
531:in his 1877
521:Kinderreigen
520:
514:
494:
491:
485:
481:
477:
473:
472:
467:
460:
458:
446:
443:
440:
439:
436:
426:
411:
409:
398:
389:
384:
378:
374:
371:
360:
345:
343:
332:
325:
319:
313:
291:
280:
274:
268:
250:
243:
228:
223:
208:
203:
198:
188:
182:
160:Great Plague
157:
149:singing game
133:
129:
125:
123:
60:
18:
1662:Mayim Mayim
1657:Letkajenkka
1617:Ghost dance
1582:Ballu tundu
1473:–225, 227.
1344:Private Eye
1302:Radio Times
748:Hiro, shima
636:Teeny-Weeny
612:Jacob Grimm
546:, while in
544:clarinetist
529:Renaissance
277:Connecticut
37:Alice Gomme
1792:1881 songs
1781:Categories
1732:Folk dance
1682:Tarantella
1507:019210019X
1444:Nabu Press
1282:10 January
793:References
764:Refutation
662:Since the
517:Hans Thoma
431:Hans Thoma
392:Shropshire
146:playground
1692:Tresenica
1166:Wikimedia
1121:Wikimedia
813:, p. 108.
798:Citations
717:cremation
711:The line
651:rose tree
602:In 1898,
533:Girotondo
511:Paintings
142:folk song
84:Yorkshire
52:Published
16:Folk song
1637:Khorovod
1632:Karikázó
1570:Assyrian
1371:account.
1306:"Ashes".
1155:Wiki Art
737:geranium
705:coughing
701:Sneezing
588:Folklore
566:later.
348:(1883),
328:(1881):
136:", is a
110:Sporle B
97:Sporle A
1710:Related
1677:Tamzara
1647:Körtánc
1607:Faroese
1300:in the
1219:31 July
908:18 July
882:18 July
851:"Games"
809:Gomme,
743:uranium
672:England
344:In his
39:, 1898.
1672:Syrtos
1592:Cachua
1575:khigga
1565:An dro
1504:
1477:
1450:
1416:
1277:Snopes
1110:p. 102
786:curtsy
697:posies
628:curtsy
623:Freyja
582:(1922)
570:Origin
433:, 1872
375:rosier
316:(1881)
271:(1912)
233:posies
213:posies
199:rosier
170:Lyrics
1622:Halay
1597:Dabke
1560:Adana
1553:Types
1144:p. 40
267:from
1642:Kolo
1627:Hora
1587:Berd
1502:ISBN
1475:ISBN
1448:ISBN
1414:ISBN
1298:Eyam
1284:2007
1221:2015
910:2018
884:2018
195:rose
144:and
128:", "
55:1881
1498:296
1471:221
1010:hdl
703:or
640:fay
614:'s
519:'s
429:by
324:'s
283:by
1783::
1500:.
1275:.
1271:.
1259:^
1247:^
1211:.
1183:^
1089:^
994:^
984:.
918:^
900:.
875:.
859:cv
857:.
853:.
818:^
730::
140:,
1538:e
1531:t
1524:v
1510:.
1483:.
1456:.
1422:.
1313:.
1286:.
1223:.
1016:.
1012::
912:.
886:.
745:,
739:,
619:,
235:.
215:.
124:"
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