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launch the bulge and core away from the main disk, creating an almost empty ring appearance as the shockwave pushes the spiral arms out, or shove the core out towards the disk, often creating an oval-shaped ring with the bulge still somewhat intact. In side-swipe and head-on collisions, the appearance of a perfect ring are less likely, with chaotic and warped appearances dominating.
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Rings formed through collision processes are believed to be transient features of the affected galaxies, lasting only a few ten to hundred million years (a relatively short timeframe considering some mergers can take over a billion years to complete) before disintegrating, reforming into spiral arms,
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In pass-through galactic collisions, or bullseye collisions, an often smaller galaxy will pass directly through the disc of an often larger spiral, causing an outward push of the arms from the gravity of the smaller galaxy, as if dropping a rock into a pond of still water. These collisions can either
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Despite this, observations suggest that bars, rings and spiral arms have the ability to fall apart and reform over the span of hundreds of millions of years, particularly in dense intergalactic environments, such as galaxy groups and clusters, where gravitational influences are more likely to play a
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Since some spiral galaxies are theorized to have formed from massive clouds of intergalactic gas collapsing and then rotationally forming into a disc structure, one could assume that a ring disc could form in place of a spiral disc if, as mentioned before, conditions are favorable. This holds true
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UV-light observations show several cases of faint, ring-like and spiral structures of hot young stars that have formed along the network of cooled inflowing gas, extending far from the visible luminous galactic disc. If conditions are favorable, a ring can form in the place of a spiral structure.
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increases to the point of spiral spin-out. Under typical conditions, gravitational density waves would favor the creation of spiral arms. When the bar is unstable, these density waves are instead migrated out into a ring-structure by the pressure, force, and gravitational influence of the baryonic
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Galaxies with this structure have been found where the bar dominates, and essentially "carves out" the ring of the disc as it rotates. Oppositely, ring galaxies have been found where the bar has collapsed or disintegrated into a highly-flattened bulge.
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believe that ring galaxies are formed when a smaller galaxy passes through the center of a larger galaxy. Because most of a galaxy consists of empty space, this "collision" rarely results in any actual collisions between stars. However, the
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This method has been inferred through the existence of Hoag's object, along with UV observations of several other large and ultra-large super spiral galaxies and current formation theories of spiral galaxies.
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and dark matter furiously orbiting about the bar. This migration forces the stars, gas and dust found within the former arms into a torus-like region, forming a ring, and often igniting star formation.
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takes place. Star formation would then take place in the accreted material because of the shocks and compressions of the accreted material.
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of star formation to move through the larger galaxy. Other astronomers think that rings are formed around some galaxies when external
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Ring galaxies are theorized to be formed through various methods including, but not limited to, the following scenarios:
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Another observed way that ring galaxies can form is through the process of two or more galaxies colliding. The
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role in the morphological and physical evolution of a galaxy without the influence of collisions and mergers.
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Fernandez, Julia; Alonso, Sol; Mesa, Valeria; Duplancic, Fernanda; Coldwell, Georgina (2021-09-01).
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in 1950, is an example of a ring galaxy. The ring contains many massive, relatively young blue
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Hoag's Object, a ring galaxy. Another red ring galaxy can be seen behind it.
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are all examples of ring galaxies thought to be formed by this process.
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or succumbing to further disturbance from gravitational influence.
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417:"Ring galaxies, the rarest in the Universe, finally explained"
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A phenomenon where the rotational velocity of the bar in a
295: – Hoag-type ring galaxy in the constellation Crater
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Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
256: – Galaxies with interacting gravitational fields
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Vela ring galaxy, and a bright star known as HD 88170.
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Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (September 9, 2002).
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277: – Ring galaxy in the constellation of Volans
60:disruptions caused by such an event could cause a
394:Appleton, P.N.; Struck-Marcell, Curtis (1996).
1157:List of the most distant astronomical objects
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347:"Properties of galaxies with ring structures"
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110:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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130:Learn how and when to remove this message
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315:"Hoag's Object: A Strange Ring Galaxy"
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108:adding citations to reliable sources
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16:Galaxy with an annular appearance
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175:, galaxy pair AM 2026-424, and
35:with a circle-like appearance.
1228:Galaxy formation and evolution
1223:Galaxy color–magnitude diagram
191:Intergalactic medium accretion
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495:Astronomy Picture of the Day
351:Astronomy & Astrophysics
320:Astronomy Picture of the Day
1110:Galaxies named after people
463:"One ring to rule them all"
396:"Collisional Ring Galaxies"
373:10.1051/0004-6361/202141208
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1401:Galaxy morphological types
1243:Gravitational microlensing
1198:Galactic coordinate system
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1208:Galactic magnetic fields
1021:Brightest cluster galaxy
917:Luminous infrared galaxy
1203:Galactic habitable zone
1188:Extragalactic astronomy
777:Supermassive black hole
691:Active galactic nucleus
955:Low surface brightness
706:Central massive object
442:"A Cosmic Hit and Run"
237:Ring Galaxy - Zw II 28
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1233:Galaxy rotation curve
249:List of ring galaxies
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1268:Population III stars
1263:Intergalactic travel
1213:Galactic orientation
1080:Voids and supervoids
152:barred spiral galaxy
104:improve this section
1258:Intergalactic stars
1147:Large quasar groups
1142:Groups and clusters
1006:Groups and clusters
865:Lyman-alpha emitter
757:Interstellar medium
167:Galactic collisions
1253:Intergalactic dust
1238:Gravitational lens
1193:Galactic astronomy
1162:Starburst galaxies
902:blue compact dwarf
858:Energetic galaxies
822:BL Lacertae object
254:Interacting galaxy
72:Formation theories
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1273:Galaxy X (galaxy)
1248:Illustris project
1218:Galactic quadrant
939:Wolf-Rayet galaxy
929:Green bean galaxy
924:Hot dust-obscured
875:Luminous infrared
639:Elliptical galaxy
287:Polar-ring galaxy
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934:Hanny's Voorwerp
844:Relativistic jet
718:Dark matter halo
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39:, discovered by
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711:Galactic Center
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485:External links
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1167:Superclusters
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491:Hoag's Object
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260:Hoag's object
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206:protogalaxies
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120:December 2019
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89:This section
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63:
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58:gravitational
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
37:Hoag's Object
34:
30:
21:
1380:Solar System
1303:
1291:
1026:fossil group
948:Low activity
782:Ultramassive
667:
612:Dwarf galaxy
595:intermediate
590:grand design
470:. Retrieved
466:
457:
445:. Retrieved
436:
425:. Retrieved
423:. 2022-04-20
420:
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399:. Retrieved
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328:. Retrieved
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293:LEDA 1000714
202:
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102:Please help
90:
28:
26:
1368:Outer space
1356:Spaceflight
1085:void galaxy
1048:cannibalism
1033:Interacting
989:Interaction
975:Blue Nugget
965:Dark galaxy
870:Lyman-break
762:Protogalaxy
728:Disc galaxy
275:AM 0644-741
53:astronomers
41:Arthur Hoag
29:ring galaxy
1390:Categories
1125:Polar-ring
970:Red nugget
912:faint blue
772:Spiral arm
627:spheroidal
617:elliptical
600:Magellanic
585:flocculent
553:Lenticular
540:Morphology
467:ESA/Hubble
427:2024-09-13
364:2107.06920
300:References
1332:Astronomy
1060:Satellite
1055:Jellyfish
1043:collision
980:Dead disk
897:Starburst
812:Markarian
684:Structure
651:Irregular
622:irregular
421:Big Think
401:March 31,
381:0004-6361
330:March 31,
91:does not
66:accretion
1292:Category
1181:See also
1105:Galaxies
832:X-shaped
663:Peculiar
605:unbarred
563:unbarred
532:Galaxies
243:See also
1318:Portals
1152:Quasars
1120:Nearest
1115:Largest
1016:cluster
849:Seyfert
472:2 April
357:: A71.
281:Arp 147
212:Gallery
177:Arp 147
112:removed
97:sources
51:. Some
1304:Portal
1135:Spiral
1038:merger
817:Quasar
802:Blazar
740:corona
656:barred
632:spiral
580:barred
575:anemic
570:Spiral
558:barred
379:
49:matter
33:galaxy
1344:Stars
1172:Voids
1097:Lists
1075:Walls
1011:group
996:Field
890:ELIRG
885:HLIRG
880:ULIRG
837:DRAGN
827:Radio
807:LINER
701:Bulge
673:Polar
447:9 May
359:arXiv
45:stars
31:is a
1130:Ring
735:Halo
723:Disc
668:Ring
548:Disc
474:2013
449:2016
403:2012
377:ISSN
332:2012
325:NASA
204:for
95:any
93:cite
62:wave
907:pea
696:Bar
493:at
369:doi
355:653
106:by
1392::
644:cD
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27:A
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127:(
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118:(
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