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able to enter heaven. While waiting for his judgement outside the realm of heaven Ibn al-Qāriḥ feels nervous about the prospects of his judgement, knowing he has led a life of schmoozing to rich men and bones and sins he decides to write a poem to the guards of heaven. He fails but continues to find ways to evade hell until he manages to get a pardon from the
Islamic prophet Muhammad. After going to heaven, Ibn al-Qāriḥ decides to visit hell. He finds it to be filled with the greatest of Arab poets. He returns to heaven and there he finds Adam. He asks Adam if he truly said "we are created from earth and shall return to earth". Adam says no.
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of his own extraordinary learning, and further by offering an imaginary and derisive depiction of Ibn al-Qāriḥ in the
Islamic afterworld. There, Ibn al-Qāriḥ is repeatedly taken by surprise at the mercy of the Almighty, as he discovers in the heavenly garden poets and men of letters that he himself
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In a mixed timeline of events, the story starts with Ibn al-Qāriḥ in heaven. Al-Maʿarri depicts heaven, as described in the Quran, as a place of pleasures. Everything forbidden in life becomes permissible and all desires are fulfilled with God's grace. The story then explains how Ibn al-Qāriḥ was
137:, or heretics. He thereby insinuates a challenge to the religious beliefs of al-Maʿarrī, who expressed in his poetry ideas considered heretical by many. Al-Maʿarrī takes up this challenge in his response,
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had condemned as unbelievers. Hence the title of al-Maʿarrī’s epistle and its abiding message: that man should not presume to limit God’s mercy.
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In his epistle, Ibn al-Qāriḥ sanctimoniously flaunts his own learning and orthodoxy by impugning a number of poets and scholars for being
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The
Epistle of Forgiveness, Volume Two: Or, a Pardon to Enter the Garden: Hypocrites, Heretics, and Other Sinners,
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The Snake in the Tree in Abu al-ʿAlaʾ al-Maʿarri’s
Epistle of Forgiveness: Critical Essay and Translation
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The Snake in the Tree in Abu al-ʿAlaʾ al-Maʿarri’s
Epistle of Forgiveness: Critical Essay and Translation
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The Snake in the Tree in Abu al-ʿAlaʾ al-Maʿarri’s
Epistle of Forgiveness: Critical Essay and Translation
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The
Epistle of Forgiveness, Volume One: A Vision of Heaven and Hell Preceded by Ibn al-Qāriḥ’s Epistle
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Translated by Haidar
Shojaei. 1st ed. (Tehran: Majd Scientific and Cultural Association, 1379)
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ed. and trans. by Geert Jan Van Gelder and Gregor
Schoeler (New York University Press 2014).
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Paradies und Hölle: Die
Jenseitsreise aus dem “Sendschreiben über die Vergebung”
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210:, ed. by ʿĀʾishah ʿAbd al-Raḥmān , 7th edn (Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1981) .
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The work is a response to a letter sent to al-Maʿarri by a self-righteous
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by Abū’l-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī, Summarized and Partially translated',
184:(The Epistle of Forgiveness, translated by Abdul Mohammad Ayati)
216:, trans. by Vincent-Mansour Monteil (Paris: Gallimard, 1984).
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English translation of the book by Geert Jan van Gelder and
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204:(1900), 637-720; (1902), 75-101, 337-62, 813-47.
124:. In the words of Suzanne Pinckney Stetkevych:
94:has had an influence on, or has even inspired,
230:, ed. and trans. by Geert Jan van Gelder and
208:Risālat al-Ghufrān li-Abī al-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī
88:around 1033 CE. It has been claimed that the
16:Work of Arabic poetry by al-Ma'arri (c. 1033)
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186:2nd ed. (Tehran: Ashrafi Publications, 1357)
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120:, ʿAlī ibn Manṣūr al-Ḥalabī, known as
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202:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
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372:11th-century Arabic-language books
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337:Suzanne Pinckney Stetkevych, '
299:Suzanne Pinckney Stetkevych, '
248:Suzanne Pinckney Stetkevych, '
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318:The New Encyclopedia of Islam
343:Journal of Arabic Literature
305:Journal of Arabic Literature
254:Journal of Arabic Literature
191:(The Epistle of Forgiveness)
182:آمرزش؛ ترجمه عبدالمحمد آیتی
170:Library of Arabic Literature
397:Fiction about the afterlife
316:Cyril Glassé, Huston Smith
196:Reynold A. Nicholson, 'The
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382:Medieval Arabic literature
73:The Epistle of Forgiveness
345:, 45 (2014), 1-80 (p. 3).
307:, 45 (2014), 1-80 (p. 2).
236:New York University Press
219:Abū al-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī,
177:Editions and translations
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241:Abū l-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī,
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86:Abu al-ʿAlaʾ al-Maʿarri
320:Rowman Altamira, 2003
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44:Original title
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20:Risālat al-Ghufrān
377:11th-century poems
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214:L’Épître du pardon
198:Risālatu’l-Ghufrān
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143:, by presenting a
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114:grammarian
38:Al-Ma'arri
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168:in the
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