62:
69:
813:
231:
439:), which was established on October 1, 1948. Technical installation in the complex was finished in September 1949. The Rock Center served as the host until 1957. The complex was the central command hub not just for the air-based
61:
485:
From 1965 to 1970, the air traffic controllers worked in the bunker system itself, then in 1970, they were relocated to an over-the-ground multi-story building connected to the bunker, the so-called
503:
systems were installed on the roof and fourth floor of the RISZ, and in
January 1981 the controllers were assigned to the third floor. They worked there until the ACC was assigned to the
793:
556:
The complex consists of a multi-level underground bunker system (the Rock Center proper), and at least one building on the surface, a four-story building known as
533:
of the world war, later some areas were sealed off during reconstructions, therefore the original extent of the complex (which was built in a former underground
94:
508:
1157:
1177:
746:
1167:
786:
1172:
701:
771:
1033:(Saint Ivan Cave, Hungarians' Great Lady Rock Temple, Gellért-hegyi-barlang, Szent Iván-barlang, Magyarok Nagyasszonya Sziklatemplom)
779:
188:
176:
500:
401:
210:
1136:
Locations that are generally closed, but are accessible with special (press, scientific etc.) permissions are shown in
1057:
885:
600:
463:
1162:
1099:
459:
1038:
1105:
1016:
199:
917:
866:
576:. It has at least two levels and the entrance is sealed with a roughly 30 cm (12 in) thick, hinged
1091:
1083:
1075:
1067:
802:
346:
1007:
858:
526:
409:
945:
751:
706:
584:
428:. It was used as a military depot during the war out of necessity. The complex was closed off during the
390:
444:
440:
397:
138:
925:
848:
588:
997:
1048:
1027:
166:
840:
435:
After the war, the Rock Center was chosen as the host facility for the
National Counter-Air Center (
991:
637:
475:
455:
144:
1112:
955:
604:
467:
329:
317:
970:(Citadel, National Counter-Air Center, Deep 23, Sziklaközpont, Fellegvár, OLK, ORLÉKÖZ, Mély 23)
504:
377:
and thus it is also known by that name. The Rock Center should not be confused with the nearby
530:
443:
defense (by the
Homeland Air Force of the Hungarian People's Army), but also for ground-based
429:
599:
The RISZ building was originally three story high, later a fourth floor was built onto it by
497:
573:
479:
421:
632:
550:
489:
building. In early 1975 they were relocated back to the Rock Center proper. In late 1980
362:
519:
1151:
1130:
Locations that are entirely closed to the general public for any reason are shown in
577:
493:
471:
448:
68:
529:. Some collapsed or unstable parts of it were abandoned as early as 1944 during the
474:
was officially introduced. At times the controllers also had to resort to establish
420:
The construction of the actual bunker complex of the Rock Center was started in the
905:
425:
545:
The Rock Center is under the 168 m (551 ft) high Little Gellért Hill (
935:
627:
109:
96:
378:
749:[They Ask for a Price for Our Dreams – The Life Story of a Pilot].
454:
From 1965 to the end of 1999, the Rock Center hosted
Hungary's air traffic
361:. It is under Little Gellért Hill, the Western extremity of the well-known
350:
39:
831:
806:
354:
44:
818:
583:
There are rumors about the bunker system being connected to the nearby
490:
358:
236:
48:
901:
876:
569:
568:
The multi-level bunker system occupies parts of a former underground
534:
827:
704:[The Bermuda Triangle of Homeland Air Traffic Control].
412:, it is not open to the general public or members of the press.
775:
515:
396:
As of 2017, the premises are under the authority of
Hungary's
960:(P-50, K-III, K-2, Castle bunker, Tunnel, Várbunker, Alagút)
747:"Az álmainknak megkérik az árát – egy pilóta élettörténete"
1071:("Yellow" Metro Line, Millennial Underground Railway)
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
683:
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
655:
653:
30:
Mély 23 / Országos Légvédelmi Központ (OLK, ORLÉKÖZ)
978:
899:
875:
825:
702:"A hazai légiforgalmi irányítás Bermuda-háromszöge"
298:
273:
265:
260:
252:
242:
224:
159:
154:
125:
88:
18:
187:various military intelligence agencies under the
458:(ACC) in accordance to an agreement between the
385:(the Hungarian translation of the Italian word
525:Until recently, the complex was classified as
787:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
726:
462:, the government and the state-owned airline
389:), but which also has a military bunker, the
8:
1118:(Devil Brook channel, Ördög-árok csatornája)
560:. The main entrance is at Schweidel Street.
984:extensive amounts of artificial alteration)
549:), the Western extremity of the well-known
514:For some time, the complex also hosted the
283:(as the ORLÉKÖZ counter-air command center)
1022:(Gellért-Rudas-Rác tunnel, Gellért tunnel)
794:
780:
772:
15:
910:other subterranean military installations
618:, but the meaning is not publicly known.
437:Országos Légvédelmi Központ; OLK, ORLÉKÖZ
511:(ANS I, later ANS III) in January 2000.
950:(Citadella bunker, Gellért-hegy bunker)
649:
509:Budapest Ferihegy International Airport
177:National Anti-Air and Air Force Command
328:
77:Deep 23 / National Counter-Air Center
21:Deep 23 / National Counter-Air Center
7:
1095:("Green" Metro Line, DBR Metro Line)
756:(in Hungarian). New Wave Media Group
711:(in Hungarian). New Wave Media Group
979:Miscellaneous artificial structures
862:(Pál-völgy–Mátyás-hegy Cave System)
408:; KNBSZ). Although the complex was
365:. It is also known by the codename
966:Rock Center of Little Gellért Hill
406:Katonai Nemzetbiztonsági Szolgálat
402:Military National Security Service
335:Rock Center of Little Gellért Hill
211:Military National Security Service
14:
1158:Military installations of Hungary
1003:(Castle Hill Cave, Budavár Cave)
811:
603:. RISZ is an acronym, using the
229:
67:
60:
700:Klátyik, István (10 Jun 2017).
290:(as air traffic control center)
745:Klátyik, István (8 Jan 2017).
1:
1178:Air traffic control in Europe
1100:Millennial Underground Museum
982:(including natural caves with
564:The underground bunker system
1168:Military history of Budapest
1039:Gellért Hill water reservoir
1173:Air traffic control centers
1106:Sewerage system of Budapest
1052:(LOSK 0101/1, Sziklakórház)
478:which required maintaining
466:. The ACC used paper-based
424:and it was finished during
375:National Counter-Air Center
28:Sziklaközpont / Fellegvár /
1194:
373:). The complex hosted the
337:, originally known as the
1128:
1044:(József Gruber Reservoir)
381:, which was never called
55:
36:
25:
1017:Gellért Hill bath tunnel
349:military complex in the
200:Military Security Office
1063:(Kőbánya tunnel system)
918:Csepel air raid shelter
891:(Kőbánya tunnel system)
867:Szemlő-hegy Cave System
572:which is surrounded by
460:Hungarian People's Army
330:[ˈsiklɒkøspont]
110:47.486064°N 19.028457°E
75:Rock Center / Citadel /
19:Rock Center / Citadel /
333:), more precisely the
321:
1140:with an asterisk (*).
1058:Kőbánya cellar system
1011:(Budavári Labirintus)
1008:Buda Castle Labyrinth
886:Kőbánya cellar system
859:Pál-völgy Cave System
398:military intelligence
1049:Hospital in the Rock
940:(F-4, Rákosi bunker)
644:References and notes
470:up until 1981, when
189:Ministry of Interior
167:Royal Hungarian Army
115:47.486064; 19.028457
1113:Devil Gully channel
1087:("Blue" Metro Line)
946:Gellért Hill bunker
638:Air traffic control
456:Area Control Center
391:Gellért Hill bunker
302:reinforced concrete
145:air traffic control
106: /
1079:("Red" Metro Line)
589:Eagle Hill bunkers
468:procedural control
225:Controlled by
38:Schweidel Street,
1163:Bunkers in Europe
1145:
1144:
1119:
1096:
1088:
1080:
1072:
1064:
1053:
1045:
1034:
1028:Gellért Hill Cave
1023:
1012:
1004:
985:
971:
961:
951:
941:
931:
930:(Sas-hegy bunker)
926:Eagle Hill bunker
892:
863:
855:
849:János Molnár Cave
605:Hungarian letters
595:The RISZ building
430:siege of Budapest
306:
305:
1185:
1117:
1094:
1086:
1078:
1070:
1062:
1051:
1043:
1032:
1021:
1010:
1002:
998:Buda Castle Cave
981:
969:
959:
949:
939:
929:
890:
861:
853:
817:
815:
814:
796:
789:
782:
773:
766:
765:
763:
761:
742:
721:
720:
718:
716:
697:
547:Kis Gellért-hegy
449:air raid defense
332:
256:partly abandoned
235:
233:
232:
155:Site information
132:military bunker,
121:
120:
118:
117:
116:
111:
107:
104:
103:
102:
99:
71:
70:
64:
51:
16:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1135:
1124:
983:
980:
974:
909:
895:
871:
854:(Millpond Cave)
821:
812:
810:
800:
770:
769:
759:
757:
744:
743:
724:
714:
712:
699:
698:
651:
646:
624:
597:
566:
543:
531:Allied bombings
501:secondary radar
480:self-separation
422:interwar period
418:
345:), is a mostly
294:
288:
281:
245:the public
244:
230:
228:
220:
214:
203:
192:
180:
169:
150:
141:command center,
114:
112:
108:
105:
100:
97:
95:
93:
92:
84:
83:
82:
81:
80:
79:
78:
76:
72:
43:
37:
32:
29:
20:
12:
11:
5:
1191:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1102:
1097:
1089:
1081:
1073:
1065:
1054:
1046:
1035:
1024:
1013:
1005:
994:
988:
986:
976:
975:
973:
972:
962:
952:
942:
932:
922:
913:
911:
897:
896:
894:
893:
881:
879:
873:
872:
870:
869:
864:
856:
845:
841:Citadella Cave
836:
834:
823:
822:
801:
799:
798:
791:
784:
776:
768:
767:
722:
648:
647:
645:
642:
641:
640:
635:
630:
623:
620:
596:
593:
565:
562:
542:
539:
537:) is unknown.
520:Magyar Telekom
507:facilities at
447:artillery and
417:
414:
304:
303:
300:
296:
295:
293:
292:
285:
277:
275:
271:
270:
267:
263:
262:
258:
257:
254:
250:
249:
246:
240:
239:
226:
222:
221:
219:
218:
216:(2012–present)
208:
197:
185:
174:
163:
161:
157:
156:
152:
151:
149:
148:
142:
136:
133:
129:
127:
123:
122:
90:
86:
85:
74:
73:
66:
65:
59:
58:
57:
56:
53:
52:
34:
33:
26:
23:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1190:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1093:
1092:M4 metro line
1090:
1085:
1084:M3 metro line
1082:
1077:
1076:M2 metro line
1074:
1069:
1068:M1 metro line
1066:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1006:
1001:
999:
995:
993:
992:Akvárium Klub
990:
989:
987:
977:
968:
967:
963:
958:
957:
953:
948:
947:
943:
938:
937:
933:
928:
927:
923:
921:
919:
915:
914:
912:
907:
906:bomb shelters
903:
898:
889:
887:
883:
882:
880:
878:
874:
868:
865:
860:
857:
852:
850:
846:
844:
842:
838:
837:
835:
833:
829:
824:
820:
808:
804:
797:
792:
790:
785:
783:
778:
777:
774:
755:
753:
748:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
723:
710:
708:
703:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
682:
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
650:
643:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
625:
621:
619:
617:
613:
609:
606:
602:
594:
592:
590:
586:
581:
579:
575:
571:
563:
561:
559:
554:
552:
548:
540:
538:
536:
532:
528:
523:
521:
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
499:
495:
492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
473:
472:radar control
469:
465:
461:
457:
452:
450:
446:
445:anti-aircraft
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
423:
415:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
351:11th district
348:
344:
340:
336:
331:
327:
323:
322:Sziklaközpont
319:
315:
311:
301:
297:
291:
286:
284:
279:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
255:
251:
247:
241:
238:
227:
223:
217:
212:
209:
206:
201:
198:
195:
190:
186:
183:
178:
175:
172:
168:
165:
164:
162:
158:
153:
146:
143:
140:
137:
135:supply depot,
134:
131:
130:
128:
124:
119:
91:
87:
63:
54:
50:
46:
41:
40:11th district
35:
31:
24:
17:
1137:
1131:
1111:
1104:
1056:
1037:
1026:
1015:
996:
965:
964:
954:
944:
934:
924:
916:
900:Underground
884:
847:
839:
758:. Retrieved
750:
713:. Retrieved
705:
633:Gellért Hill
615:
611:
607:
598:
585:Gellért Hill
582:
567:
557:
555:
551:Gellért Hill
546:
544:
524:
513:
486:
484:
453:
436:
434:
426:World War II
419:
410:declassified
405:
400:agency, the
395:
386:
382:
374:
370:
366:
363:Gellért Hill
353:(Újbuda) of
347:subterranean
342:
338:
334:
325:
313:
312:or just the
309:
307:
289:
282:
269:1930s–1940s?
261:Site history
243:Open to
215:
204:
193:
182:(post-1945?)
181:
170:
27:
956:P/50 Object
803:Subterranea
441:counter-air
310:Rock Center
274:In use
205:(1990–2011)
171:(pre-1945?)
139:counter-air
113: /
89:Coordinates
1152:Categories
936:F-4 Object
628:F-4 Object
578:blast door
527:top secret
522:(MATÁV).
518:center of
505:HungaroCon
451:activity.
393:under it.
194:(pre-1990)
101:19°01′42″E
98:47°29′10″N
832:pit caves
541:Structure
387:citadella
383:Fellegvár
379:Citadella
343:Fellegvár
318:Hungarian
299:Materials
287:1965–1999
280:1948–1957
253:Condition
826:Natural
807:Budapest
622:See also
574:dolomite
355:Budapest
45:Budapest
902:bunkers
819:Hungary
498:Koren-A
494:primary
491:Utyos-M
416:History
371:Mély 23
367:Deep 23
359:Hungary
339:Citadel
237:Hungary
213:(KNBSZ)
49:Hungary
1138:italic
1132:italic
816:
754:– Autó
709:– Autó
570:quarry
535:quarry
326:Szikla
234:
179:(OLLP)
147:center
877:Mines
828:caves
760:1 Sep
752:Origo
715:1 Sep
707:Origo
601:MALÉV
464:MALÉV
266:Built
202:(KBH)
160:Owner
830:and
762:2017
717:2017
614:and
587:and
558:RISZ
496:and
487:RISZ
314:Rock
308:The
191:(BM)
126:Type
908:and
805:of
516:fax
476:VFR
324:or
1154::
904:,
809:,
725:^
652:^
616:Sz
610:,
591:.
580:.
553:.
482:.
432:.
357:,
320::
248:no
47:,
1134:.
1115:*
1060:*
1041:*
1030:*
1019:*
1000:*
920:*
888:*
851:*
843:*
795:e
788:t
781:v
764:.
719:.
612:I
608:R
404:(
369:(
341:(
316:(
207:,
196:,
184:,
173:,
42:,
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
