120:, also a naturalised citizen of Vanuatu, was initially confident that the charges would be thrown out, stating in January 2003 that the charge of money laundering was being applied to actions that were nothing more than "normal banking business". The National Right Wing Movement of Vanuatu was unconvinced, and urged the government to hand Bayer over to the United States government as well.
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affirmed the validity of Sikol's election, ruling that regardless of whether Sikol's adoption qualified him as "a native or a person originating from that rural constituency ... who has been adopted by law or custom into a family originating from that rural constituency" as required by
Section 23A,
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of Tanna
Constituency proposed a constitutional amendment to bar non-indigenous citizens from election, stating that "the people of Vanuatu in the rural constituencies are not safe from people with money who can brainwash voters and rob the honesty of a ni-Vanuatu".
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In
February 2013, Sikol faced an election petition regarding whether he was eligible to be elected under Section 23A of the Representation of the Peoples Act, and in response filed a constitutional case. In April 2013, Chief Justice
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on charges of racketeering, conspiracy, money laundering, and mail fraud for his role in IDM, a company which sold non-U.S. lottery tickets to elderly U.S. citizens, and was arrested in
December that year. Sikol's colleague
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of 3,118 (77%) in the Epi constituency, he garnered 634 votes, the highest out of all candidates in the constituency, and was thus elected along with
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at the time, he relinquished his U.S. citizenship in order to naturalise. His loss of U.S. citizenship was confirmed by a notice in the
594:"Controversial section of People's Representation (Amendment) Act 'unconstitutional' - MP Robert Bohn's fundamental rights infringed"
305:
172:
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Sikol went on to become a director of the
Vanuatu-based European Bank, and a chairman of the Vanuatu Finance Centre.
512:"Publication of Results and Declaration of Candidates Elected for the 2012 General Election: Notice No. 94 of 2012"
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order against him and remanded the issue to the district court for further proceedings. In a later interview with
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against discrimination, and did not fall within the exceptions to that article for "legitimate public interest".
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337:"Quarterly Publication of Individuals, Who Have Chosen To Expatriate, as Required by Section 6039G"
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74:. He naturalised as a citizen of the country in 1997, and was adopted by the Mowa family of
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194:. His election provoked some backlash from political opponents. In December 2012,
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Sikol emerged victorious in the elections in
November the following year: with a
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by birth, he is one of very few naturalised citizens to become members of the
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417:"Vanuatu businessman to stand trial in US on moneylaundering charges"
443:"Vanuatu businessman says no basis to FBI money laundering claims"
276:"Vanuatu's first naturalised MP promised to 'fix the roads' on Epi"
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that section itself violated the guarantee in
Article 5(1) of the
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United States
District Court for the Western District of Tennessee
78:, part of the Epi parliamentary constituency. They gave him the
469:"Vanuatu businessman says US charges likely to be thrown out"
131:, Sikol was convicted on all counts. In a 2008 ruling in the
239:"Naturalised American born to contest next elections on Epi"
335:
Doug Rogers, Internal
Revenue Service (20 March 2000).
568:"Naturalized Vanuatu MP's Election Win Under Scrutiny"
70:) in 1978 with his family, and bought a plantation on
542:"Vanuatu MP Opposes Election Of Naturalized Citizens"
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and decrease dependence on the national government.
362:"Vanuatu bank shocked at conviction of ex-director"
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Health
Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
392:"Money from US$ 100m lotto scam 'hidden in NZ'"
179:, Sikol stated that the party hoped to promote
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111:In May 2002, Sikol was indicted by a Memphis
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147:upheld Sikol's conviction, but reversed the
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612:Bohn v. Republic of Vanuatu and others
540:Marangp, Thompson (29 December 2012).
169:Vanuatu Progressive Development Party
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647:Members of the Parliament of Vanuatu
519:Republic of Vanuatu Official Gazette
14:
566:Joshua, Jane (26 February 2013).
243:Vanuatu & Region News * Sport
82:"Sikol", meaning "bridge" in the
652:Naturalised citizens of Vanuatu
473:Radio New Zealand International
447:Radio New Zealand International
421:Radio New Zealand International
366:Radio New Zealand International
167:announced the formation of the
617:[2013] VUSC 42
592:Skane, B. J. (15 April 2013).
390:Atkinson, Kent (31 May 2005).
28:, and the traditional name is
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657:Former United States citizens
642:American emigrants to Vanuatu
237:Bule, Hilaire (11 May 2011).
123:In a 2005 case before Judge
86:. As Vanuatu did not permit
304:Ligo, Godwin (9 May 2011).
66:. He came to Vanuatu (then
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137:Richard Fred Suhrheinrich
209:Supreme Court of Vanuatu
177:Television Blong Vanuatu
36:Robert Murray Bohn Sikol
500:. 6th Cir. 6 June 2008.
495:"United States v. Bohn"
214:Constitution of Vanuatu
163:In May 2011, Sikol and
306:"Bohn leads new party"
521:(17). 6 November 2012
196:Morking Steven Iatika
175:. In an interview on
48:Parliament of Vanuatu
107:IDM Direct Marketing
88:multiple citizenship
249:on 14 December 2013
96:as required by the
44:former U.S. citizen
619: (2013-04-05).
598:Vanuatu Daily Post
572:Vanuatu Daily Post
546:Vanuatu Daily Post
396:New Zealand Herald
347:(54): 15041–15042.
310:Vanuatu Daily Post
282:. 13 November 2012
145:Robert Holmes Bell
60:Robert Murray Bohn
475:. 18 January 2003
449:. 16 January 2003
423:. 16 January 2003
368:. 3 November 2005
181:rural development
125:Bernice B. Donald
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149:asset forfeiture
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192:Isaac Hamariliu
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100:in March 2000.
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18:ni-Vanuatu name
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42:politician. A
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133:Sixth Circuit
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84:Epi languages
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318:. Retrieved
314:the original
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284:. Retrieved
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247:the original
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76:Lamen Island
68:New Hebrides
59:
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159:In politics
631:Categories
577:8 December
551:8 December
525:8 December
479:8 December
453:8 December
427:8 December
401:8 December
372:8 December
320:8 December
286:8 December
253:8 December
220:References
165:Peter Mowa
113:grand jury
72:Epi Island
64:California
54:Early life
135:, Judges
118:Tom Bayer
40:Vanuatuan
16:In this
207:of the
127:of the
22:surname
615:,
143:, and
20:, the
515:(PDF)
498:(PDF)
38:is a
30:Sikol
579:2013
553:2013
527:2013
481:2013
455:2013
429:2013
403:2013
374:2013
322:2013
288:2013
255:2013
26:Bohn
62:in
24:is
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