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During the day, when electrical demand is high, water is released from the upper reservoir through the
Lewiston Dam pump-generators, generating electricity. The water flows into the forebay, where it then flows through the turbines of the Moses plant back to the main river. This allows water diverted
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generated in the Moses plant powers the
Lewiston pumps to push water into the upper reservoir. The water is pumped at night because the demand for electricity is much lower than during the day. In addition to the lower demand for electricity at night, less water can be diverted from the river during
860:
in the Moses plant. At night, some of that electrical energy is converted back to potential energy when water is pumped into the upper reservoir behind the
Lewiston Dam. During the day, part of the potential energy of the water in the Lewiston reservoir is converted into electricity at the Lewiston
415:
purchased the canal, along with the water and power rights, for $ 71,000. He improved the canal and put the powerhouse to commercial use. In 1881, his company completed
Schoellkopf Power Station No. 1; it would operate until 1904. In 1891, Schoellkopf Power Station No. 2 opened directly in front of
399:
from New York in a public auction (and later acquired the rights to the eastern rapids above the falls) with a stated plan to generate power by way of a "hydraulic raceway". The men were unable to secure funding for the project, however, each died without achieving significant progress toward their
783:
upstream of the natural falls. Water in the forebay can be either pumped up into the upper reservoir for later use or immediately sent down over the escarpment downstream of the natural falls through the Robert Moses Power
Station turbines. The Lewiston Pump-Generating Plant
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the original, in the gorge below the falls, with a higher 210 ft (64 m) drop and capacity of 25 MW (34,000 hp). In 1914 and 1918, the company built
Schoellkopf Stations No. 3A and 3B respectively, with a total capacity of 180.8 MW (242,500 hp).
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During construction, over 12 million cubic yards (9.2 million cubic meters) of rock were excavated and twenty workers died. Construction was complete in 1961. When it opened in 1961, it was the
Western world's largest hydropower facility.
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At night, two 46 ft (14 m) wide by 66 ft (20 m) tall tunnels divert a substantial fraction (600,000 US gal (2,300 m) per second) of the water in the
Niagara River 4.5 mi (7.2 km) to the forebay.
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was chartered; in 1861, it completed a 35 ft (11 m) wide and 8 ft (2.4 m) deep canal. The powerhouse finally opened in 1874, but produced little electricity even by the standards of the day.
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779:(named the Lewiston Reservoir) which stores water pumped into the reservoir from the forebay of the Robert Moses Power Station. Water enters the forebay by tunnels from the Niagara River controlled by the
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In 1918, World War I led the power companies to merge into the
Niagara Falls Power Company. From 1921 to 1924, the company built Schoellkopf Station No. 3C next to the previous ones. It contained three
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is atypical, in that the dam was constructed not to control the flow of water in a natural river, but to contain a man-made 1,900-acre (770 ha), 22-billion-US-gallon (83,000,000 m) upper
911:, which was settled out of court in 1999. Subsequent testing near the Lewiston Reservoir near the project still confirms mercury and organic contamination which restricts the consumption of fish.
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On June 7, 1956, water seeping into a back wall caused the collapse of two-thirds of
Schoellkopf Power Station No. 3b and 3c, killing one worker and causing an estimated $ 100 million in damage.
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generators with a total capacity of 160 MW (210,000 hp), bringing the Schoellkopf Power Stations to 19 generators with a capacity of 337.4 MW (452,500 hp).
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Dam, and then its remaining potential energy is captured by the Moses plant, which is also capturing the potential energy of the water diverted from the river in real-time.
2319:
1282:"During Climate Week, Governor Hochul Announces Major Progress in Modernization of New York's Largest Clean Hydropower Project, State's Bedrock of Carbon-Free Electricity"
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460:(NYPA) planned an $ 800 million power plant that would produce 2.4 GW. During planning, it was called the Niagara Power Project; later, it was named for NYPA head
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Beginning in 2012 and until 2021, the pump-generating plant has undergone a $ 460 million modernization that increased the plant's efficiency and service life.
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423:. Between 1900 and 1904, the company built the Powerhouse No. 2, bringing its total generators to 21, with a total capacity of 78 MW (105,000 hp).
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79:
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approved the project. Construction began that year, although its completion would require the NYPA to gain the rights to 550 acres (220 ha) of
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at an installed capacity of 2,525 MW (3,386,000 hp) with an average annual net generation of 15,897,000 MWh between 2014 and 2023, and a
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845:. Engineers copied what had been built by Ontario Hydro, across the river, when a similar system was built during construction of the
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from above Niagara Falls to pass through two sets of turbines, generating electricity both times. This arrangement is an example of
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The land that the Robert Moses Niagara Power Plant occupies has a long history of use. In 1805, Augustus and Peter Porter of
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2006:
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for a new 1,900-acre (770 ha), 22-billion-US-gallon (83,000,000 m) reservoir. This it did in 1960, through a
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828:-generators that can generate a combined 240 MW (320,000 hp) when water in the upper reservoir is released.
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2001:
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891:, which chemical companies which owned the land had dumped underground. A civil lawsuit was filed in the State of
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1318:"Federal Regulatory Energy Commission Environmental Final Environmental Impact Statement of Niagara Project"
970:
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923:. The Center features interactive exhibits about hydroelectricity and its history in the Niagara Frontier.
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In 1886, the competing Niagara Falls Power Company, owned by the Cataract Construction Company, built the
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The Niagara Power Visitors Center is adjacent to the Robert Moses plant, with an observation deck along
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planned infrastructure. Several other companies later attempted similar projects, all without success.
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1991:
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887:) Project 2216. Soon after, the project was halted due to discovery of hazardous chemicals such as
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The Robert Moses Plant was refurbished in 2006, which required the southbound lanes of the nearby
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To replace the antiquated and now partially destroyed Schoellkopf power stations, the
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366:, a nearby hydroelectric plant, collapsed in 1956. It stands across the river from
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1114:"History - 25-Hz At Niagara Falls - End of an era on the Niagara Frontier, Part I"
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Global Energy Observatory – Robert Moses Niagara Hydro Power Plant NY USA
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Federal Power Commission v. Tuscarora Indian Nation, 362 U.S. 99 (1960)
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the day because of the desire to preserve the appearance of the falls.
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List of largest hydroelectric power stations in the United States
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National Register of Historic Places in Niagara County, New York
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Pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations in the United States
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2119:
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This system allows energy to be stored in vast quantities. The
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Works in conjunction with the Robert Moses Niagara Power Plant
601:
188:
362:, the plant was built to replace power production after the
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Works in conjunction with the Lewiston Pump-Generating Plant
299:
https://www.nypa.gov/power/generation/niagara-power-project
1307: (Supreme Court of the State of New York 1999).
1304:
Darrell R. Larocque v. New York Power Authority, et al.
883:
began an expansion project at the site, known as FERC (
405:
Niagara Falls Hydraulic Power and Manufacturing Company
2674:
List of Niagara Falls hydroelectric generating plants
996:
List of Niagara Falls hydroelectric generating plants
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Buildings and structures in Niagara County, New York
339:
and returns the water into the lower portion of the
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1217:"Power authority planning unique intake inspection"
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Federal Power Commission v. Tuscarora Indian Nation
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2320:Niagara Falls Underground Railroad Heritage Center
1066:"Electricity Data Browser - Robert Moses Niagara"
1041:"Electricity Data Browser - Robert Moses Niagara"
1342:New York Power Authority - Niagara Power Project
1242:"NYPA to upgrade Lewiston Pump Generating Plant"
767:The Robert Moses Niagara Power Station at right.
327:, near Niagara Falls. Owned and operated by the
314:Robert Moses Niagara Hydroelectric Power Station
38:Robert Moses Niagara Hydroelectric Power Station
18:Robert Moses Niagara Hydroelectric Power Station
2669:List of people who have gone over Niagara Falls
1191:"An Assessment of Hydroelectric Pumped Storage"
2750:Hydroelectric power plants in New York (state)
2554:An East View of the Great Cataract of Niagara
1367:
1264:"Traffic pattern changes on R. Moses Parkway"
1244:. Niagara Frontier Publications. July 3, 2010
490:The generation facilities were listed on the
8:
1158: (United States Supreme Court 1960).
2691:List of people from Niagara Falls, New York
2499:Niagara, St. Catharines and Toronto Railway
2463:
2391:
2344:
2224:
2116:
1533:
1374:
1360:
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771:The pump-generating plant in the Lewiston
744:http://www.nypa.gov/facilities/niagara.htm
513:
504:
368:Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Power Stations
43:
34:
1120:Power Engineering Society. Archived from
331:(NYPA), the plant diverts water from the
230:10 L; 620,000,000 imp gal)
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
856:in the diverted water is converted into
2775:1961 establishments in New York (state)
2745:Energy infrastructure completed in 1961
1284:. State of New York. September 22, 2021
1021:
2765:Historic districts in New York (state)
2578:Niagara Falls, from the American Side
1347:Niagara Power Project Visitors Center
7:
2595:Niagara Falls International Marathon
2315:Niagara Parks Butterfly Conservatory
1001:Ludington Pumped Storage Power Plant
885:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
637:22,000,000,000 US gal (8.3
492:National Register of Historic Places
847:Sir Adam Beck Generating Station II
27:Power station in Lewiston, New York
2052:Renewable energy commercialization
1215:Gambini, Philip (April 12, 2019).
991:List of power stations in New York
868:to be closed during said repairs.
25:
616:Moses Niagara Power Plant forebay
268:2,525 MW (3,386,000 hp)
226:740,000,000 US gal (2.8
218:Moses Niagara Power Plant forebay
2653:Niagara County Community College
2419:Niagara Falls station (New York)
2260:Prospect Point Observation Tower
2100:
2099:
1520:
963:
949:
935:
358:Named for New York City planner
2474:Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge
2414:Niagara Falls station (Ontario)
2355:Niagara Fallsview Casino Resort
986:List of energy storage projects
843:pumped-storage hydroelectricity
824:houses 12 electrically powered
759:Pumped-storage hydroelectricity
2600:Niagara Falls peace conference
2424:Niagara Falls Transit Terminal
2265:Niagara Gorge Discovery Center
1097:Niagara Falls History of Power
875:Contamination of the site area
815:Lewiston Pump-Generating Plant
508:Lewiston Pump-Generating Plant
498:Lewiston Pump-Generating Plant
1:
2047:Renewable Energy Certificates
2007:Cost of electricity by source
1929:Arc-fault circuit interrupter
1805:High-voltage shore connection
915:Niagara Power Visitors Center
2643:Niagara Parks Police Service
2365:Hilton Niagara Falls Tower 2
2062:Spark/Dark/Quark/Bark spread
1860:Transmission system operator
1820:Mains electricity by country
1397:Automatic generation control
1270:. March 15, 2005. p. 4.
473:Tuscarora Indian Reservation
2087:List of electricity sectors
2082:Electric energy consumption
1800:High-voltage direct current
1775:Electric power transmission
1765:Electric power distribution
1442:Energy return on investment
477:United States Supreme Court
152:; 63 years ago
134:; 67 years ago
2791:
2648:New York State Park Police
2606:Niagara Falls, or Does It?
2002:Carbon offsets and credits
1720:Three-phase electric power
879:During the mid-1980s, the
866:Robert Moses State Parkway
756:
581:$ 48.72 million USD (1962)
441:
2519:Winter Festival of Lights
2489:Niagara Cantilever Bridge
2439:Lewiston–Queenston Bridge
2394:
2325:United States Post Office
2240:Table Rock Welcome Centre
2095:
2057:Renewable Energy Payments
1546:Fossil fuel power station
1518:
781:International Control Dam
750:
737:
653:1,900 acres (770 ha)
512:
502:Dam in Lewiston, New York
444:Schoellkopf Power Station
364:Schoellkopf Power Station
305:
292:
42:
32:Dam in Lewiston, New York
2684:Robert Moses power plant
2638:Niagara Parks Commission
2255:Journey Behind the Falls
2198:Niagara Falls State Park
1840:Single-wire earth return
1780:Electrical busbar system
1437:Energy demand management
897:New York Power Authority
881:New York Power Authority
590:New York Power Authority
458:New York Power Authority
329:New York Power Authority
177:New York Power Authority
2696:Niagara Falls, New York
2454:Whirlpool Rapids Bridge
2335:Niagara Falls City Hall
1971:Residual-current device
1961:Power system protection
1951:Generator interlock kit
1169:"Niagara Power Project"
971:Renewable energy portal
943:New York (state) portal
726:Installed capacity
562:Construction began
264:Installed capacity
129:Construction began
2701:Niagara Falls, Ontario
2590:Battle of Lundy's Lane
2494:Niagara Clifton Bridge
2484:Niagara Gorge Railroad
2434:Niagara Region Transit
2404:Niagara Scenic Parkway
1755:Distributed generation
1427:Electric power quality
768:
679:43.14306°N 79.021778°W
578:Construction cost
469:United States Congress
453:
372:Niagara Falls, Ontario
284:Annual generation
168:US$ 800 million (1957)
165:Construction cost
2444:Falls Incline Railway
2027:Fossil fuel phase-out
1795:Electricity retailing
1790:Electrical substation
1770:Electric power system
1124:on September 16, 2012
804:43.14250°N 79.02167°W
766:
645:10 imp gal)
602:Type of dam
451:
189:Type of dam
95:43.14306°N 79.03972°W
2613:Frozen Niagara Falls
2562:The Falls of Niagara
2429:WEGO (Niagara Falls)
2310:Marineland of Canada
2203:Whirlpool State Park
1383:Electricity delivery
1143:Schoellkopf collapse
1011:Reservoir State Park
909:Parsons Brinckerhoff
903:, Hooker Chemicals,
901:Occidental Petroleum
695:Commission date
684:43.14306; -79.021778
413:Jacob F. Schoellkopf
274:Capacity factor
235:Commission date
2723:12382 Niagara Falls
2305:Aquarium of Niagara
2290:Queen Victoria Park
2129:Geographic features
1992:Availability factor
1944:Sulfur hexafluoride
1825:Overhead power line
1725:Virtual power plant
1700:Induction generator
1653:Sustainable biofuel
1462:Home energy storage
1452:Grid energy storage
1417:Droop speed control
1006:New York energy law
905:Bechtel Corporation
809:43.14250; -79.02167
799: /
675: /
634:Total capacity
223:Total capacity
100:43.14306; -79.03972
91: /
2679:Adam Beck Stations
2565:(c. 1825 painting)
2295:Whirlpool Aero Car
2250:Hornblower Cruises
2208:Niagara Escarpment
1866:Transmission tower
1477:Nameplate capacity
1320:. 2006. p. 74
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629:Lewiston Reservoir
454:
325:Lewiston, New York
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2507:
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2343:
2342:
2235:Cave of the Winds
2212:biosphere reserve
2166:Niagara Whirlpool
2146:Bridal Veil Falls
2113:
2112:
2017:Environmental tax
1897:Cascading failure
1666:
1665:
1502:Utility frequency
858:electrical energy
755:
754:
650:Surface area
596:Dam and spillways
570:Opening date
421:Adams Power Plant
393:Buffalo, New York
310:
309:
183:Dam and spillways
147:Opening date
16:(Redirected from
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2585:Niagara Movement
2479:Honeymoon Bridge
2464:
2392:
2345:
2285:Niagara SkyWheel
2245:Maid of the Mist
2225:
2188:Dufferin Islands
2117:
2103:
2102:
2012:Energy subsidies
1966:Protective relay
1907:Rolling blackout
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1492:Power-flow study
1432:Electrical fault
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1268:The Buffalo News
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854:potential energy
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2581:(1867 painting)
2573:(1857 painting)
2557:(1762 painting)
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2399:Niagara Parkway
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2136:Horseshoe Falls
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1997:Capacity factor
1985:
1983:
1976:
1956:Numerical relay
1934:Circuit breaker
1922:
1920:
1913:
1875:
1815:Load management
1785:Electrical grid
1750:Demand response
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1710:Microgeneration
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1512:Vehicle-to-grid
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1221:Niagara Gazette
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1196:. November 1981
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741:
683:
681:
677:
674:
669:
666:
664:
662:
661:
642:
638:
503:
500:
446:
440:
389:
384:
353:capacity factor
297:
296:
288:15,896,756 MWh
227:
156:
154:
151:
138:
136:
133:
99:
97:
93:
90:
85:
82:
80:
78:
77:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2788:
2786:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2737:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2725:(minor planet)
2720:
2715:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2698:
2693:
2688:
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2671:
2665:
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2659:
2658:
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2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
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2609:
2602:
2597:
2592:
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2550:
2543:
2536:
2529:
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2515:
2513:
2509:
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2501:
2496:
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2481:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2460:
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2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2409:Rainbow Bridge
2406:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2388:Transportation
2385:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2351:
2349:
2341:
2340:
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2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2231:
2229:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2176:Terrapin Point
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2141:American Falls
2138:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2078:
2076:
2072:Statistics and
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2022:Feed-in tariff
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1931:
1925:
1923:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1810:Interconnector
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1760:Dynamic demand
1757:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1690:Combined cycle
1687:
1682:
1676:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1579:
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1576:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1542:
1540:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1467:Load-following
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1422:Electric power
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1337:
1336:External links
1334:
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1032:
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960:
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931:
930:
928:
925:
916:
913:
876:
873:
849:in the 1950s.
753:
752:
748:
747:
735:
734:
728:
722:
721:
718:
712:
711:
709:Pumped-storage
706:
700:
699:
696:
692:
691:
659:
655:
654:
651:
647:
646:
641:10 L; 1.8
635:
631:
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496:
479:decision, the
442:Main article:
439:
436:
397:American Falls
388:
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290:
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2654:
2651:
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2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:Organizations
2629:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2603:
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2598:
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2549:
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2544:
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2541:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2526:Niagara Falls
2522:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2161:Niagara River
2159:
2157:
2156:Niagara Gorge
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2122:Niagara Falls
2118:
2106:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2042:Pigouvian tax
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1979:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1939:Earth-leakage
1937:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1916:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:Failure modes
1878:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1830:Power station
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1715:Rankine cycle
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1695:Cooling tower
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1538:Non-renewable
1535:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1457:Grid strength
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1412:Demand factor
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1288:September 22,
1283:
1277:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1259:
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1237:
1234:
1222:
1218:
1211:
1208:
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1139:
1136:
1123:
1119:
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1107:
1105:
1101:
1098:
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1091:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
978:
972:
966:
961:
958:
952:
947:
944:
933:
926:
924:
922:
921:Niagara Gorge
914:
912:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
874:
872:
869:
867:
862:
859:
855:
850:
848:
844:
838:
835:
829:
827:
821:
782:
778:
774:
765:
760:
749:
745:
740:
736:
733:
729:
727:
723:
719:
717:
713:
710:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
688:
660:
656:
652:
648:
636:
632:
628:
624:
619:
615:
611:
608:
605:
603:
599:
594:
591:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
549:
546:
542:
539:
535:
532:
528:
525:United States
524:
520:
516:
511:
506:
497:
495:
493:
488:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
467:In 1957, the
465:
463:
459:
450:
445:
437:
435:
432:
430:
424:
422:
417:
414:
409:
406:
403:In 1853, the
401:
398:
394:
386:
381:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
356:
354:
350:
347:. It uses 13
346:
342:
338:
337:Niagara Falls
334:
333:Niagara River
330:
326:
322:
321:power station
319:
318:hydroelectric
315:
304:
300:
295:
291:
287:
285:
281:
277:
275:
271:
267:
265:
261:
257:
255:
251:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
225:
221:
217:
213:
208:
205:
204:Niagara River
202:
198:
195:
192:
190:
186:
181:
178:
175:
171:
167:
163:
149:
145:
131:
127:
123:
119:
116:
113:
109:
104:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62:
58:
55:United States
54:
50:
46:
41:
36:
30:
19:
2706:City Council
2683:
2623:(board game)
2618:
2611:
2604:
2576:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2532:
2525:
2449:Peace Bridge
2370:Crowne Plaza
2330:Fort Niagara
2300:Bird Kingdom
2280:Clifton Hill
2275:Skylon Tower
2270:Niagara Scow
2193:Niagara Glen
2037:Net metering
1984:and policies
1902:Power outage
1871:Utility pole
1835:Pumped hydro
1741:distribution
1736:Transmission
1685:Cogeneration
1487:Power factor
1322:. Retrieved
1312:
1303:
1298:
1286:. Retrieved
1276:
1267:
1258:
1246:. Retrieved
1236:
1224:. Retrieved
1220:
1210:
1198:. Retrieved
1185:
1173:. Retrieved
1163:
1154:
1149:
1138:
1126:. Retrieved
1122:the original
1073:. Retrieved
1069:
1060:
1048:. Retrieved
1044:
1035:
1024:
957:Water portal
918:
895:against the
878:
870:
863:
851:
839:
830:
770:
738:
670:79°01′18.4″W
489:
485:
466:
462:Robert Moses
455:
438:Construction
433:
425:
418:
410:
402:
390:
360:Robert Moses
357:
345:Lake Ontario
313:
311:
293:
248:Conventional
29:
2547:Wonderfalls
2540:Superman II
2375:The Niagara
2360:Tower Hotel
2221:Attractions
2183:Luna Island
2171:Goat Island
2032:Load factor
1887:Black start
1855:Transformer
1556:Natural gas
1507:Variability
1482:Peak demand
1472:Merit order
1402:Backfeeding
1070:www.eia.gov
1045:www.eia.gov
834:Electricity
807: /
682: /
658:Coordinates
607:Gravity dam
557:Operational
355:of 71.9%.
194:Gravity dam
124:Operational
98: /
74:Coordinates
2739:Categories
2713:Erie Stone
2151:Table Rock
2074:production
1919:Protective
1850:Super grid
1845:Smart grid
1672:Generation
1606:Geothermal
1497:Repowering
1248:October 3,
1017:References
813: (
794:79°01′18″W
791:43°08′33″N
757:See also:
720:12 × 20 MW
667:43°08′35″N
452:1973 photo
349:generators
86:79°02′23″W
83:43°08′35″N
1982:Economics
1705:Micro CHP
1583:Renewable
1566:Petroleum
1561:Oil shale
1447:Grid code
1407:Base load
1075:April 24,
1050:April 24,
777:reservoir
621:Reservoir
494:in 2017.
411:In 1877,
210:Reservoir
2718:Lelawala
2105:Category
1892:Brownout
1680:AC power
1390:Concepts
1226:July 16,
1200:April 2,
1175:June 21,
1128:April 6,
927:See also
893:New York
716:Turbines
613:Impounds
586:Owner(s)
538:New York
534:Lewiston
530:Location
254:Turbines
200:Impounds
173:Owner(s)
68:New York
64:Lewiston
60:Location
2662:Related
2620:Niagara
2570:Niagara
2533:Niagara
2512:Culture
2467:Defunct
2228:Tourism
1921:devices
1631:Thermal
1626:Osmotic
1621:Current
1601:Biomass
1591:Biofuel
1573:Nuclear
1530:Sources
1324:May 12,
889:dioxins
739:Website
626:Creates
544:Purpose
522:Country
387:Origins
382:History
294:Website
215:Creates
155: (
137: (
111:Purpose
52:Country
2348:Hotels
1616:Marine
1596:Biogas
1171:. NYPA
907:, and
554:Status
376:Canada
335:above
121:Status
1973:(GFI)
1862:(TSO)
1648:Solar
1636:Tidal
1611:Hydro
1194:(PDF)
548:Power
429:25 Hz
343:near
341:river
316:is a
278:71.9%
115:Power
2524:USS
2210:and
1739:and
1658:Wind
1641:Wave
1551:Coal
1326:2008
1290:2021
1250:2010
1228:2021
1202:2018
1177:2021
1130:2010
1118:IEEE
1077:2024
1052:2024
826:pump
730:240
704:Type
698:1961
573:1961
565:1957
312:The
244:Type
238:1961
157:1961
150:1961
139:1957
132:1957
773:Dam
370:in
323:in
2741::
1266:.
1219:.
1116:.
1103:^
1085:^
1068:.
1043:.
899:,
732:MW
536:,
483:.
464:.
378:.
374:,
258:13
66:,
1375:e
1368:t
1361:v
1328:.
1292:.
1252:.
1230:.
1204:.
1179:.
1132:.
1079:.
1054:.
817:)
643:×
639:×
228:×
159:)
141:)
20:)
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