338:
child's psychological development. For example, the instance when a child starts to define "I" and separate him or herself from an adult is the initial condition for and the result of role play. There are also experiments that found role-playing resulted in behavioral change such as the case of smokers who reported negative attitude towards smoking after being asked to pretend to be a person diagnosed with lung cancer.
47:
347:
221:
has been practiced by adults for millennia. The ancient Romans, Han
Chinese, and medieval Europeans all enjoyed occasionally organizing events in which everyone pretended to be from an earlier age, and entertainment appears to have been the primary purpose of these activities. Within the 20th century
301:
Role-playing can also be done online in the form of group story creation, involving anywhere from two to several hundred people, utilizing public forums, private message boards, mailing lists, chatrooms, and instant-messaging chat services to build worlds and characters that may last a few hours, or
410:
The teddy bear hospital is a roleplay strategy where pediatric and nursing medical students as a "teddy doctor" to children who act as the carer of a teddy, or another soft toy, requiring consultation. It is used both to reduce anxiety and improve patient outcomes of children, and pedagogically for
337:
In psychology, an individual's personality can be conceptualized as a set of expectations about oneself and others and that these add up to role-playing or role-taking. Here, the role is fiction because it is not real but it has a degree of consistency. Role-playing is also an important part of a
419:
Role playing may also refer to the technique commonly used by researchers studying interpersonal behavior by assigning research participants to particular roles and instructing the participants to act as if a specific set of conditions were true. This technique of assigning and taking roles in
252:, insisted that her exercises were games, and that they involved role-playing as early as 1946. She accurately judged role-playing in the theatre as rehearsal and actor training, or the playing of the role of
302:
several years. Often on forum-based roleplays, rules, and standards are set up, such as a minimum word count, character applications, and "plotting" boards to increase complexity and depth of story.
321:. Books, movies, or games can be, and often are, used as a basis for role-plays (which in such cases may be deemed "collaborative fan-fiction"), with players either assuming the roles of established
325:
characters or using those the players themselves create ("Original
Characters") to replace—or exist alongside—characters from the book, movie, or game, playing through well-trodden
392:
used computers to solve the equations of flight and train future pilots. The army began full-time role-playing simulations with soldiers using computers both within full scale
164:
offers a definition of role-playing as "the changing of one's behaviour to fulfill a social role", in the field of psychology, the term is used more loosely in four senses:
372:
situations, alone or with others, in preparation for a future performance and to improve their abilities within a role. Some examples are occupational training
171:
To refer to taking a role of a character or person and acting it out with a partner taking someone else's role, often involving different genres of practice;
411:
medical students to better understand children. There are programs for teddy bear hospitals in dozens of universities and medical facilities worldwide.
396:
and for training in numerous specific tasks under wartime conditions. Examples include weapon firing, vehicle simulators, and control station mock-ups.
436:
suggested that role-playing might be "the most promising source" of research methods alternative to methods using deception (Kelman 1965).
690:
581:
556:
531:
130:
646:
388:
One of the first uses of computers was to simulate real-world conditions for participants role-playing the flying of aircraft.
68:
111:
64:
83:
206:
and act out those roles in character. Sometimes make believe adopts an oppositional nature, resulting in games such as
420:
psychological research has a long history. It has been used in the early classic social psychological experiments by
90:
57:
160:
31:
291:
97:
229:
218:
175:
257:
79:
685:
35:
233:
305:
There are different genres of which one can choose while role-playing, including, but not limited to,
695:
373:
329:
as alternative characters, or expanding upon the setting and story outside of its established canon.
405:
393:
377:
359:
669:
cf. H. Schuler, Ethical
Problems in Psychological Research, Academic Press, 1982, 2013; pp. 137ff.
318:
186:
236:
tradition of the 16th century. Modern improvisational theatre began in the classroom with the "
628:
577:
552:
527:
389:
269:
179:
598:
618:
610:
429:
326:
287:
279:
480:
501:
460:
425:
322:
249:
245:
104:
168:
To refer to the playing of roles generally such as in a theatre, or educational setting;
433:
679:
455:
237:
505:
241:
199:
647:"SAGE Research Methods - The SAGE Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods"
599:"Teddy Bear Hospital — Students' Learning in the Field of Practice with Children"
248:
in the 1950s. Viola Spolin, who was one of the founders the famous comedy troupe
310:
46:
614:
421:
346:
314:
207:
632:
295:
283:
203:
376:, educational role-play exercises, medical role-play, and certain military
369:
365:
17:
623:
286:. Participants determine the actions of their characters based on their
450:
351:
306:
445:
155:
298:
freely; their choices shape the direction and outcome of the games.
345:
253:
223:
275:
154:, either unconsciously to fill a social role, or consciously to
151:
481:"Definition of Role Playing from the Oxford English Dictionary"
30:"Roleplay" and "Roleplayer" redirect here. For other uses, see
40:
198:
Many children participate in a form of role-playing known as
549:
The
Routledge International Handbook of Early Childhood Play
547:
Bruce, Tina; Hakkarainen, Pentti; Bredikyte, Milda (2017).
260:, but many now use her games for fun in their own right.
506:"Role-Playing Games: An Overview" 1994, Inter*Action #1"
290:, and the actions succeed or fail according to a formal
526:. New Brunswick, NJ: AldineTransaction. p. 21.
294:
of rules and guidelines. Within the rules, they may
222:
historical re-enactment has often been pursued as a
71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
574:The Psychology of Attitudes and Attitude Change
150:is the changing of one's behaviour to assume a
278:in which the participants assume the roles of
8:
174:To refer to a wide range of games including
27:Changing of one's behaviour to assume a role
202:, wherein they adopt certain roles such as
622:
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
472:
576:. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE. p. 157.
572:Maio, Greg; Haddock, Geoffrey (2014).
7:
517:
515:
364:Role-playing may also refer to role
69:adding citations to reliable sources
603:Nordic Journal of Nursing Research
25:
45:
551:. Oxon: Routledge. p. 55.
56:needs additional citations for
597:Husøy, Gjertrud (March 2013).
1:
524:Role Playing in Psychotherapy
34:. For the RPG magazine, see
282:and collaboratively create
158:an adopted role. While the
712:
615:10.1177/010740831303300111
403:
357:
267:
29:
691:Psychological methodology
522:Corsini, Raymond (2017).
274:A role-playing game is a
185:To refer specifically to
161:Oxford English Dictionary
32:Roleplay (disambiguation)
230:Improvisational theatre
219:Historical re-enactment
176:role-playing video game
355:
350:Interior cockpit of a
349:
36:Roleplayer (magazine)
65:improve this article
406:Teddy bear hospital
400:Teddy bear hospital
360:Roleplay simulation
394:training exercises
356:
264:Role-playing games
234:Commedia dell'Arte
232:dates back to the
187:role-playing games
180:play-by-mail games
390:Flight simulators
270:Role-playing game
141:
140:
133:
115:
16:(Redirected from
703:
670:
667:
661:
660:
658:
657:
651:srmo.sagepub.com
643:
637:
636:
626:
594:
588:
587:
569:
563:
562:
544:
538:
537:
519:
510:
509:
502:Rilstone, Andrew
498:
492:
491:
489:
488:
477:
430:Phillip Zimbardo
354:flight simulator
288:characterisation
208:cops and robbers
136:
129:
125:
122:
116:
114:
73:
49:
41:
21:
711:
710:
706:
705:
704:
702:
701:
700:
676:
675:
674:
673:
668:
664:
655:
653:
645:
644:
640:
596:
595:
591:
584:
571:
570:
566:
559:
546:
545:
541:
534:
521:
520:
513:
500:
499:
495:
486:
484:
483:. Askoxford.com
479:
478:
474:
469:
461:Sexual roleplay
442:
426:Stanley Milgram
417:
415:Research method
408:
402:
386:
362:
344:
335:
272:
266:
256:versus theatre
246:Keith Johnstone
216:
196:
137:
126:
120:
117:
74:
72:
62:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
709:
707:
699:
698:
693:
688:
678:
677:
672:
671:
662:
638:
589:
582:
564:
557:
539:
532:
511:
493:
471:
470:
468:
465:
464:
463:
458:
453:
448:
441:
438:
434:Herbert Kelman
416:
413:
404:Main article:
401:
398:
385:
382:
358:Main article:
343:
340:
334:
331:
268:Main article:
265:
262:
215:
212:
195:
192:
191:
190:
183:
172:
169:
139:
138:
80:"Role-playing"
53:
51:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
708:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
683:
681:
666:
663:
652:
648:
642:
639:
634:
630:
625:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
593:
590:
585:
583:9781446272251
579:
575:
568:
565:
560:
558:9781138833715
554:
550:
543:
540:
535:
533:9780202363936
529:
525:
518:
516:
512:
507:
503:
497:
494:
482:
476:
473:
466:
462:
459:
457:
456:Role reversal
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
443:
439:
437:
435:
431:
427:
424:(1939/1997),
423:
414:
412:
407:
399:
397:
395:
391:
383:
381:
379:
375:
371:
368:where people
367:
361:
353:
348:
341:
339:
332:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
271:
263:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
238:theatre games
235:
231:
227:
225:
220:
214:Entertainment
213:
211:
209:
205:
201:
193:
188:
184:
181:
177:
173:
170:
167:
166:
165:
163:
162:
157:
153:
149:
145:
135:
132:
124:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82: –
81:
77:
76:Find sources:
70:
66:
60:
59:
54:This article
52:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
686:Role-playing
665:
654:. Retrieved
650:
641:
624:11250/150782
609:(1): 51–55.
606:
602:
592:
573:
567:
548:
542:
523:
496:
485:. Retrieved
475:
428:(1963), and
418:
409:
387:
363:
336:
304:
300:
273:
242:Viola Spolin
228:
217:
200:make believe
197:
159:
147:
144:Role-playing
143:
142:
127:
121:October 2008
118:
108:
101:
94:
87:
75:
63:Please help
58:verification
55:
696:Psychodrama
250:Second City
148:roleplaying
680:Categories
656:2022-12-29
487:2012-06-18
467:References
422:Kurt Lewin
384:Simulation
374:role-plays
333:Psychology
319:historical
315:steam punk
309:, modern,
280:characters
91:newspapers
633:2057-1585
296:improvise
194:Amusement
182:and more;
18:Role play
440:See also
432:(1971).
378:wargames
370:rehearse
366:training
342:Training
311:medieval
451:Costume
352:twinjet
307:fantasy
284:stories
178:(RPG),
156:act out
105:scholar
631:
580:
555:
530:
446:Acting
317:, and
292:system
204:doctor
107:
100:
93:
86:
78:
327:plots
323:canon
258:roles
254:actor
240:" of
224:hobby
112:JSTOR
98:books
629:ISSN
578:ISBN
553:ISBN
528:ISBN
276:game
244:and
152:role
84:news
619:hdl
611:doi
146:or
67:by
682::
649:.
627:.
617:.
607:33
605:.
601:.
514:^
504:.
380:.
313:,
226:.
210:.
659:.
635:.
621::
613::
586:.
561:.
536:.
508:.
490:.
189:.
134:)
128:(
123:)
119:(
109:·
102:·
95:·
88:·
61:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.