1274:, in partnership with the Arizona State University Flexible Display Center. PaperPhone used 5 bend sensors to implement navigation of the user interface through bend gestures of corners and sides of the display. In January 2013, the Human Media Lab introduced the first flexible tablet PC, PaperTab, in collaboration with Plastic Logic and Intel Labs, at CES. PaperTab is a multi-display environment in which each display represents a window, app or computer document. Displays are tracked in 3D to allow multidisplay operations, such as collate to enlarge the display space, or pointing with one display onto another to pull open a document file. In April 2013 in Paris, the Human Media Lab, in collaboration with Plastic Logic, unveiled the world's first actuated flexible smartphone prototype, MorePhone. MorePhone actuates its body to notify users upon receiving a phone call or message.
1005:
sheets. The stacks need to be perfectly aligned and stay that way. Alignment proves difficult during manufacturing when heat during manufacturing can deform the materials and when the resulting screen also needs to remain flexible. The SAIL process gets around this by ‘printing’ the semiconductor pattern on a fully composed substrate, so that the layers always remain in perfect alignment. The limitation of the material the screen is based on allows only a finite amount of full rolls, hence limiting its commercial application as a flexible display. Specifications provided regarding the prototype display are as follows:
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have a case covering the screen." The unnamed
Windows Phone 8 prototype device was composed of a solid base from that extends a flexible AMOLED display. The AMOLED display itself bends and was described as "virtually unbreakable even when dropped" according to Samsung representatives. Brian Berkeley, the senior vice president of Samsung Display, believes that this flexible form factor "will really begin to change how people interact with their devices, opening up new lifestyle possibilities ... allow our partners to create a whole new ecosystem of devices." The Youm's form factor was ultimately utilized on the
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548:. Sheridon envisioned the advent of paperless offices and sought commercial applications for Gyricon. In 2003 Gyricon LLC was formed as a direct subsidiary of Xerox to commercialize the electronic paper technology developed at Xerox PARC. Gyricon LLC's operations were short lived and in December 2005 Xerox closed the subsidiary company in a move to focus on licensing the technology instead.
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810:. During the 2011 Q3 quarterly earnings call, Samsung’s vice president of investor relations, Robert Yi, confirmed the company’s intentions of applying the technology and releasing products utilizing it by early 2012. In January 2012 Samsung acquired Liquavista, a company with expertise in manufacturing flexible displays, and announced plans to begin mass production by Q2 2012.
36:
665:, the first flexible smartphone with a flexible electrophoretic display. PaperPhone used bend gestures for navigating contents. Since then, the Human Media Lab has partnered with Plastic Logic and Intel to introduce the first flexible tablet PC and multi-display e-paper computer, PaperTab, at CES 2013, debuting the world's first actuated flexible smartphone prototype,
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653:(OUI) as a means of describing the implications of non-flat display technologies on user interfaces of the future: paper computers, flexible form factors for computing devices, but also encompassing rigid display objects of any shape, with wrap-around, skin-like displays. The lecture was published a year later as part of a
714:. With the Morph, Nokia intended to demonstrate their vision of future mobile devices to incorporate flexible and polymorphic designs; allowing the device to seamlessly change and match a variety of needs by the user within various environments. Though the focus of the Morph was to demonstrate the potential of
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The flexible electronic paper display technology co-developed by
Arizona State University and HP employs a manufacturing process developed by HP Labs called Self-Aligned Imprint Lithography (SAIL). The screens are made by layering stacks of semi-conductor materials and metals between pliable plastic
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prototype device. The Youm possessed a static implementation of flexible AMOLED display technology, as its screen has a set curvature along one of its edges. The benefit of the curvature allows users "to read text messages, stock tickers, and other notifications from the side of the device even if
2454:
Sasaoka, Tatsuya; Sekiya, Mitsunobu; Yumoto, Akira; Yamada, Jiro; Hirano, Takashi; Iwase, Yuichi; Yamada, Takao; Ishibashi, Tadashi; Mori, Takao; Asano, Mitsuru; Tamura, Shinichiro; Urabe, Tetsuo (1 January 2001). "24.4L: Late-News Paper: A 13.0-inch AM-OLED Display with Top
Emitting Structure and
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noted the subtle curve on 55" Samsung OLED TV allowed it to have a "more panoramic, more immersive viewing experience, and actually improves viewing angles from the side." The experience was also shared viewing the curved 55" LG OLED TV. The LG set is also 3D capable, in addition to the curvature.
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described interactions such as " bend the screen towards yourself, acts as a selection function, or zooms in on any pictures you're viewing." Nokia envisioned this type of device to be available to consumers in "as little as three years", and claimed to already possess "the technology to produce
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Flexible screens can open the doors to novel and alternative authentication schemes by emphasizing the interaction between the user and the touch screen. In “Bend
Passwords: Using Gestures to Authenticate on Flexible Devices,” the authors introduce a new method called Bend Passwords where users
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demonstrated a prototype flexible e-paper from the
Flexible Display Center at the university. HP continued on with the research, and in 2010, showcased another demonstration. However, due to limitations in technology, HP stated " doesn't actually see these panels being used in truly flexible or
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and
Samsung Electronics both introduced curved OLED televisions with a curved display at CES 2013 hours apart from each other. Both companies recognized their respective curved OLED prototype television as a first-of-its-kind due to its flexed OLED display. The technology journalist website
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Nokia introduced the
Kinetic concept phone at Nokia World 2011 in London. The flexible OLED display allows users to interact with the phone by twisting, bending, squeezing and folding in different manners across both the vertical and horizontal planes. The technology journalist website
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Research and development into flexible OLED displays largely began in the late 2000s with the main intentions of implementing this technology in mobile devices. However, this technology has recently made an appearance, to a moderate extent, in consumer television displays as well.
718:, it pioneered the concept of utilizing a flexible video display in a consumer electronics device. Nokia renewed their interest in flexible mobile devices again in 2011 with the Nokia Kinetic concept. Nokia unveiled the Kinetic flexible phone prototype at Nokia World 2011 in
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Many of the e-paper based flexible displays are based on OLED technology and its variants. Though this technology is relatively new in comparison with e-paper based flexible displays, implementation of OLED flexible displays saw considerable growth in the last few years.
593:) technology. They have also demonstrated their ability to produce colour displays with this technology, however they are currently not capable of manufacturing them on a large scale. The displays are manufactured in the company's purpose-built factory in
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Flexible displays that use electronic paper technology commonly use
Electrophoretic or Electrowetting technologies. However, each type of flexible electronic paper varies in specification due to different implementation techniques by different companies.
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had announced the development of flexible displays. He said "the technology will let the company's partners make bendable, rollable, and foldable displays," and he demonstrated how the new phone can be rollable and flexible during his speech.
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Between 2004–2008, ASU developed its first small-scale flexible displays. Between 2008–2012, ARL committed to further sponsorship of ASU’s
Flexible Display Center, which included an additional $ 50 million in research funding. Although the
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perform bending gestures and deform the touch screen to unlock the phone. Their work and research points to Bend
Passwords possibly becoming a new way to keep smartphones secure alongside the popularization of flexible displays.
709:
first conceptualized the application of flexible OLED displays in mobile phone with the Nokia Morph concept mobile phone. Released to the press in February 2008, the Morph concept was project Nokia had co-developed with the
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During Samsung's CES 2013 keynote presentation, two prototype mobile devices codenamed "Youm" that incorporated the flexible AMOLED display technology were shown to the public. "Youm" has curved display screen, the use of
865:, a smartphone with an inward curving screen and body, in October 2013. One of the Youm concepts, which featured a curved screen edge used as a secondary area for notifications and shortcuts, was developed into the
601:, which was the first factory of its kind to be built – dedicated to the high volume manufacture of organic electronics. These flexible displays are cited as being "unbreakable", because they are made completely of
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The flexible electronic paper display announced by AUO is unique as it is the only solar powered variant. A separate rechargeable battery is also attached when solar charging is unavailable. Specifications
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Flexible displays have many advantages over glass: better durability, lighter weight, thinner as plastic, and can be perfectly curved and used in many devices. Moreover, the major difference between
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social network. The device features a large foldable display that curves 180 degrees inwards on two sides. The tablet turns into a smartphone, with a screen diagonal of 4,5 inch, adjusting the user
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itself; If a flexible device measuring, for example, 5 inches in diagonal and a roll of 7.5mm, it can be stored in a device smaller than the screen itself and close to 15mm in thickness.
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Research Company). In 1974, Nicholas K. Sheridon, a PARC employee, made a major breakthrough in flexible display technology and produced the first flexible e-paper display. Dubbed
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Drzaic, P.; Comiskey, B.; Albert, J. D.; Zhang, L.; Loxley, A.; Feeney, R.; Jacobson, J. (1 January 1998). "44.3L: A Printed and Rollable Bistable Electronic Display".
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used in most electronic devices. In recent years there has been a growing interest from numerous consumer electronics manufacturers to apply this display technology in
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deployed a form of active projection mapping of computer windows on real paper documents that worked together as one computer through 3D tracking. At a lecture to the
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Plastic Logic is a company that develops and manufactures monochrome plastic flexible displays in various sizes based on its proprietary organic thin film transistor (
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have all expressed interest in developing flexible e-paper displays. However, only LG have formally announced plans for mass production of flexible e-paper displays.
560:(ASU) opened a 250,000 square foot facility dedicated to flexible display research named the ASU Flexible Display Center (FDC). ASU received $ 43.7 million from the
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The Flexible Display Center (FDC) at Arizona State University announced a continued effort in forwarding flexible displays in 2012. On 30 May, in partnership with
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technology, focusing on developing a lighter, thinner product that was easier to carry and store. Through the development of rollable displays in recent years,
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devices. The Kinetic proved to be a large departure from the Morph physically, but it still incorporated Nokia's vision of polymorphism in mobile devices.
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and prototyped. While the idea for this type of display is not recent and had been attempted by several companies in the past, only recently has
609:. They are also lighter and thinner than glass-based displays and low-power. Applications of this flexible display technology include signage,
382:, with a screen capable of retaining an image for several months without electricity. In 2007, Philips launched a 5-inch, 320 x 240-
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Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.
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2657:"The Flexible Display Center Produces Largest Flexible Color OLED Display Manufactured With Mixed Oxide Thin Film Transistors"
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has expressed interest for research and development towards a flexible display video display since 2005. In partnership with
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564:(ARL) towards the development of this research facility in February 2004. A planned prototype device was slated for public
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announced the development of a prototype 4.5 inch flexible AMOLED display. The prototype device was then showcased at
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Arizona State University and HP's flexible display demonstrated in 2008 at the university's Flexible Display Center
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901:(TFTs) technology. ASU intends the display to be used in "thin, lightweight, bendable and highly rugged devices."
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displays. Also this phone has the advantages of a rollable display; it is lighter, thinner, and more durable than
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scientists, ASU announced that it has successfully manufactured the world's largest flexible OLED display using
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World's First Bendable Smartphone Dubbed As ReFlex; Prototype Revealed By Queen's University's Human Media Lab
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stated that "Youm" panels will be seen in the market in a short time and production will commence in 2013.
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later that year. However, the project met a series of delays. In December 2008, ASU in partnership with
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without the image or text being distorted. Technologies involved in building a rollable display include
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funds ASU’s development of the flexible display, the center’s focus is on commercial applications.
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1900:"Plastic Logic shows off colour e-paper display smart watch concept: the future of wearable tech?"
1389:, the category of user interfaces commonly implemented on consumer devices with flexible displays.
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rollable displays, but instead sees them being used to simply make displays thinner and lighter."
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having already been widely used more than 40 years, there have been many desired changes in the
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may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience
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2953:"Samsung Highlights Innovations in Mobile Experiences Driven by Components, in CES Keynote"
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661:. In May 2010, the Human Media Lab partnered with ASU's Flexible Display Center to produce
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PaperPhone (2011) by Human Media Lab and ASU was the first flexible smartphone prototype.
1881:"SERELEC and Plastic Logic introduce ZED – a low-power outdoor digital signage solution"
1840:"Plastic Logic Opens World's First Commercial Plastic Electronics Manufacturing Factory"
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in Canada developed PaperWindows, the first prototype bendable paper computer and first
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2196:"Nokia showcases bold portfolio of new phones, services and accessories at Nokia World"
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Sustainable and Transparent Fish Gelatin Films for Flexible Electroluminescent Devices
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2135:"Nokia and University of Cambridge launch the Morph – a nanotechnology concept device"
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exposed its brand new, unnamed product during the company's keynote address at CES in
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Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2006. ESSCIRC 2006. Proceedings of the 32nd European
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flexible display technology during its keynote presentation, the Youm and an unnamed
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displays have been demonstrated.The first commercially sold flexible display was an
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3295:"Evans & Sutherland Announces DomeX LED Dome Display for ESX Giant Dome Cinema"
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3270:"How Madison Square Garden Co. is aiming to make every seat the best in the house"
2904:"LG unveils flexible plastic e-paper display, aims for European launch next month"
1985:
Lahey, Byron; Girouard, Audrey; Burleson, Winslow and Vertegaal, Roel (May 2011).
1917:
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3173:"Battle of the curved OLED TVs: LG matches Samsung with its own 'world's first'"
2272:"Samsung showcases 4.5-inch flexible AMOLED, may actually mass produce this one"
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637:. Since full-colour, US Letter-sized displays were not available at the time,
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of this technology begun for implementation in consumer electronic devices.
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any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against
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released in 2014. In 2015, Samsung applied the technology to its flagship
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3103:"T-Mobile shows off the Samsung Galaxy S6 design, curved screen and all"
2683:"ASU's 7.4-inch full-color flexible OLED display is the world's largest"
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In May 2011, Human Media Lab at Queen's University in Canada introduced
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2344:"Samsung buys Liquavista, dives headfirst into electrowetting displays"
1076:"allows bending at a range of 40 degrees from the center of the screen"
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2546:"The Galaxy Note Edge: Samsung's first smartphone with a bent display"
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2370:"Samsung to launch phones with flexible screens as early as next year"
540:, this new display technology was designed to mimic the properties of
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2858:"HP and Arizona State University Demo Flexible, Unbreakable Displays"
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A permanently conformed display that securely fits around the wrists.
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2811:"Bend Passwords: using gestures to authenticate on flexible devices"
2624:"The Samsung Galaxy Fold breathes new life into phones (at a price)"
1589:"Xerox erases electronic paper subsidiary, Gyricon LLC, in Scio Twp"
528:
The concept of developing a flexible display was first put forth by
398:. A rollable display is an important part of the development of the
2249:"Sony's rollable OLED display can wrap around a pencil, our hearts"
1286:
At CES 2013, Samsung showcased the two handsets which incorporates
881:
prototype, which was subsequently revealed in February 2019 as the
3435:
3027:"Nokia's kinetic future: flexible screens and a twisted interface"
2809:
Maqsood, Sana; Chiasson, Sonia; Girouard, Audrey (26 April 2016).
2108:
2059:"Sony demoes flexible electronic paper display, tickles our fancy"
1948:
Holman, David; Vertegaal, Roel (2008). "Organic user interfaces".
1863:"Plastic Logic unveils 42-inch flexible plastic signage prototype"
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2517:"Samsung's Galaxy Round is the first phone with a curved display"
1438:"Gallium: The liquid metal that could transform soft electronics"
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1764:"Lectum Displays – FAQ: Are Lectum displays available in color?"
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and wearable devices as well as automotive and mobile devices.
2981:"Samsung shows off flexible AMOLED phone prototype (hands-on)"
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3195:"SAMSUNG Introduces World's First Curved OLED TV at CES 2013"
2298:"Samsung shows flexible and transparent displays at CES 2011"
2492:"Samsung flexible-OLED now officially trademarked as 'YOUM'"
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2289:
1481:"These flexible displays show us the future of folding tech"
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screen giving this phone deeper blacks and a higher overall
649:
on 4 May 2007, Prof. Vertegaal publicly introduced the term
630:
3050:"Eyes-on: Samsung's Youm flexible-display tech at CES 2013"
2540:
2538:
1664:"HP and ASU demo bendable, unbreakable electronic displays"
328:
which is flexible in nature, as opposed to the traditional
2598:"Samsung's foldable phone is real and opens into a tablet"
2429:"Samsung shows off flexible display phones at CES keynote"
757:
Samsung's Youm concept device was used as a basis for the
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can drop from 1.5m above ground with no resultant damage
2573:"The Galaxy S6 Edge Is Totally Beautiful—And Pointless"
2455:
Adaptive Current Mode Programmed Pixel Circuit (TAC)".
2082:"LG begins mass production of flexible e-paper display"
1822:"Plastic Logic Shows Off New 10.7 Color Display Screen"
1088:"unbreakable" (from tests with a small urethane hammer)
739:
RIKEN (the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research)
366:
displays which can be rolled up have been developed by
1936:
PaperWindows: Interaction Techniques for Digital Paper
1791:"All-Plastic Electronics Power Flexible Color Display"
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flexible and rollable up to "about half a dozen times"
3080:"CES 2013: Samsung flexible phone prototype unveiled"
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2003:
Paper Tab-Revolutionary High Tech Quick Introducing
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Thick-film dielectric electroluminescent technology
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3147:"Samsung introduces 'world's first' curved OLED TV"
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544:, but married with the capacity to display dynamic
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1918:"Bend me, shape me: Flexible phones 'out by 2013'"
951:area of a rollable display can be bigger than the
512:) based displays were the first flexible displays
3895:Comparison of CRT, LCD, plasma, and OLED displays
2321:"Samsung's new phones will have flexible screens"
2226:"Sony's new ultrathin rollable display prototype"
2169:"Nokia Kinetic bendy phone is the next big thing"
2017:Gomes, A., Nesbitt, A., and Vertegaal, R. (2013)
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3219:. LG Electronics. 9 January 2013. Archived from
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1934:Holman, D., Vertegaal, R. and Troje, N. (2005).
1719:"Army continues Flexible Display Center support"
3217:"LG SHOWS ITS FIRST OLED TV WITH CURVED SCREEN"
1562:"Gyricon LLC and the World of Electronic Paper"
821:. Brian Berkeley, the senior vice president of
617:Organic User Interfaces and the Human Media Lab
846:with better power efficiency than traditional
448:Rollable displays can be used in many places:
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2972:
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1766:. Plastic Logic. 7 April 2016. Archived from
1638:"Arizona State opens flexible-display center"
1564:. Xerox PARC. 9 December 2003. Archived from
1214:OLED display technology with a TFT back plane
309:An example of a flexible display, created by
8:
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1746:"ASU, Army Open New Flexible Display Center"
1615:"ASU, Army Open New Flexible Display Center"
1093:List of displays by their reported curvature
3549:Surface-conduction electron-emitter display
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1591:. Ann Arbor Business Review. Archived from
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64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3460:Active-Matrix Organic light-emitting diode
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2794:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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2881:"AUO makes flexible solar powered epaper"
2774:. Eindhoven, the Netherlands. p. 2.
2393:"Samsung shows off Youm Flexible display"
2036:"AUO Unveils Flexible E-Paper Technology"
1449:
979:Electronic paper: Electrophoretic display
291:Learn how and when to remove this message
273:Learn how and when to remove this message
220:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
2927:"ASU Flexible Display Center Milestones"
2732:SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers
2457:SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers
2171:. Conversations by Nokia. Archived from
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2126:
1217:
655:special issue on Organic User Interfaces
645:and Human-Computer Interaction teams at
496:Flexible electronic paper based displays
2133:Nokia Press Center (25 February 2008).
2103:Nokia Research Center (February 2008).
1820:Kozlowski, Michael (4 September 2012).
1694:"HP flexible display unfurled on video"
1428:
1109:Curved along its wider / shorter side?
344:. Such screens can be rolled up like a
2787:
2705:"Xiaomi teases a double folding phone"
2194:Nokia Press Center (26 October 2011).
915:In January 2019, Chinese manufacturer
478:An odd-shaped display integrated in a
3197:. Samsung Electronics. 8 January 2013
2955:. Samsung Electronics. 9 January 2013
2013:
2011:
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392:flexible organic light-emitting diode
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3596:Ferroelectric liquid crystal display
1587:Hamilton, Brian (15 December 2005).
1309:is a flexible smartphone created by
927:demoed the device in a video on the
99:adding citations to reliable sources
3670:Light-emitting electrochemical cell
2342:Hollister, Sean (19 January 2011).
2034:AUO News Center (20 October 2009).
1846:. 17 September 2008. Archived from
1723:ASU Now: Access, Excellence, Impact
1662:Hamilton, Brian (8 December 2008).
1029:radius of curvature can reach 100mm
3869:Large-screen television technology
3048:Lowensohn, Josh (9 January 2013).
2979:D'Orazio, Dante (9 January 2013).
2925:ASU Press Center (February 2012).
2879:Parish, Joseph (28 October 2011).
2622:White, Jeremy (20 February 2019).
2167:Davies, Trevor (28 October 2011).
1692:Melanson, Donald (20 March 2010).
1513:Crawford, Gregory P., ed. (2005).
1246:and WQXGA (2560×1600) resolutions
861:Samsung subsequently released the
386:rollable display based on E Ink’s
202:Knowledge (XXG)'s inclusion policy
25:
3543:Organic light-emitting transistor
2815:Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
2319:O'Dell, Jolie (28 October 2011).
2296:Ziegler, Chris (9 January 2011).
2270:Murph, Darren (4 November 2010).
2080:Hollister, Sean (28 March 2012).
2057:Savov, Vlad (15 September 2010).
947:and rollable display is that the
722:, alongside Nokia’s new range of
45:This article has multiple issues.
3906:Comparison of display technology
3171:Pierce, David (8 January 2013).
3145:Pierce, David (8 January 2013).
3101:Amadeo, Ron (23 February 2015).
3078:Warman, Matt (10 January 2013).
2368:Keene, Jamie (28 October 2011).
1636:Perton, Marc (9 February 2005).
1617:. Arizona State University. 2005
1540:"The Future of Electronic Paper"
1538:Genuth, Iddo (15 October 2007).
1184:Flexible OLED: Technical details
1162:5,000 millimetres (200 in)
1148:4,500 millimetres (180 in)
983:Electronic paper: Electrowetting
778:
769:
702:Nokia Morph and Kinetic concepts
236:
177:
75:
34:
3537:Electroluminescent Quantum Dots
3299:Giant Screen Cinema Association
3247:. olednet.co.kr (4 August 2013)
3002:Savov, Vlad (1 November 2011).
2856:HP Press Center (Spring 2009).
2681:Streams, Kimber (6 June 2012).
2571:Pierce, David (26 March 2015).
2490:Lowe, Alistair (9 April 2012).
2427:Lee, Reuben (10 January 2013).
1861:McGlaun, Shane (5 March 2013).
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
3608:Laser-powered phosphor display
3025:Smith, Mat (26 October 2011).
2247:Ricker, Thomas (26 May 2010).
1789:Thryft, Ann R. (7 June 2012).
1235:4.5-inch diagonal display size
1:
3874:Optimum HDTV viewing distance
3864:History of display technology
3752:Computer-generated holography
3082:. London: The Daily Telegraph
1134:700 millimetres (28 in)
1120:400 millimetres (16 in)
1079:0.7mm thickness from the side
621:In 2004, a team led by Prof.
562:U.S. Army Research Laboratory
475:for Halloween and other uses.
3454:Organic light-emitting diode
3448:Light-emitting diode display
2902:Toor, Amar (29 March 2012).
2224:Rojas, Peter (8 July 2005).
1898:Lowe, Mike (26 March 2013).
1515:Flexible flat panel displays
1436:Kleiner, Kurt (3 May 2022).
1387:Organic user interface (OUI)
1376:Lower is more sharply curved
1201:6-inch diagonal display size
1173:Lower is more sharply curved
1057:6-inch diagonal display size
1026:6-inch diagonal display size
693:Flexible OLED-based displays
3935:Electronic paper technology
3004:"Nokia Kinetic device demo"
2523:. Vox Media. 9 October 2013
508:Flexible electronic paper (
396:electronic paper wristwatch
3961:
3664:Vacuum fluorescent display
3388:Electroluminescent display
3245:겉과 속이 다른 삼성 curved OLED TV
2659:. Market Wire. 30 May 2012
1346:Radius of curvature (mm)*
1181:
976:
923:prototype. CEO Lin Bin of
908:
414:Flexible OLED displays on
378:showed a rollable display
3903:
3511:Liquid crystal on silicon
2827:10.1007/s00779-016-0928-6
2765:McGoldrick, Karl (2006).
1950:Communications of the ACM
1451:10.1146/knowable-050322-2
1249:AMOLED display technology
805:Consumer Electronics Show
659:Communications of the ACM
445:potential in the future.
326:electronic visual display
3702:Fourteen-segment display
3505:Digital Light Processing
1073:based electronic display
873:with the release of the
558:Arizona State University
27:Type of computer monitor
3940:Liquid crystal displays
3708:Sixteen-segment display
3394:Rear-projection display
2198:. Nokia. Archived from
2137:. Nokia. Archived from
2107:. Nokia. Archived from
1962:10.1145/1349026.1349037
1301:Samsung Galaxy S series
1032:9:1 high contrast ratio
712:University of Cambridge
245:Some of this article's
3555:Field-emission display
3470:Liquid-crystal display
3052:. CNET. Archived from
2431:. CNET. Archived from
1542:. The Future of Things
1418:Evans & Sutherland
1223:
996:
959:Authentication Methods
762:
745:-driven OLED display.
651:Organic User Interface
635:Organic User Interface
505:
418:
313:
3692:Eight-segment display
3686:Seven-segment display
2929:. ASU. Archived from
2391:Skillings, Jonathan.
1221:
1106:Radius of curvature*
994:
756:
503:
413:
308:
3945:Flexible electronics
3814:Display capabilities
3697:Nine-segment display
3399:Plasma display panel
2001:Zhao, Hommer (2013)
1850:on 13 December 2013.
899:thin-film transistor
792:foldable smartphones
441:technology has huge
437:agree that flexible
416:foldable smartphones
342:consumer electronics
330:flat screen displays
95:improve this article
3843:See-through display
3747:Holographic display
3425:Quantum dot display
3223:on 12 December 2013
3056:on 26 November 2013
2435:on 17 February 2013
2403:on 22 February 2014
2175:on 27 February 2018
2141:on 27 February 2018
2105:"The Morph Concept"
1924:. 30 November 2012.
1770:on 16 December 2019
1272:flexible smartphone
921:foldable smartphone
911:Xiaomi Mi MIX Alpha
879:foldable smartphone
801:Samsung Electronics
605:and do not contain
356:, Organic LCD, and
3930:Display technology
3885:Color Light Output
3879:High Dynamic Range
3681:Dot-matrix display
3676:Lightguide display
3347:Display technology
2552:. 3 September 2014
2202:on 27 January 2013
1904:Pocket-lint Gadget
1887:. 28 January 2013.
1311:Queen's University
1224:
1035:reflectance of 33%
1000:HP and ASU e-paper
997:
825:'s display lab in
763:
627:Queen's University
506:
504:A flexible display
439:flat panel display
423:flat panel display
419:
400:roll-away computer
314:
110:"Flexible display"
3925:Flexible displays
3912:
3911:
3838:Always-on display
3629:Electromechanical
3617:
3616:
3268:Blumenthal, Eli.
2744:10.1889/1.1833686
2711:. 23 January 2019
2469:10.1889/1.1831876
1725:. 29 January 2009
1442:Knowable Magazine
1377:
1372:
1371:
1174:
1169:
1168:
968:Technical details
895:Army Research Lab
813:In January 2013,
390:technology. Some
301:
300:
293:
283:
282:
275:
230:
229:
222:
171:
170:
163:
145:
68:
16:(Redirected from
3952:
3890:Flexible display
3852:Related articles
3732:Autostereoscopic
3431:Electronic paper
3377:Cathode-ray tube
3360:
3340:
3333:
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2480:
2451:
2445:
2444:
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2440:
2424:
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2410:
2408:
2399:. Archived from
2388:
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2365:
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2047:
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2031:
2022:
2015:
2006:
1999:
1990:
1983:
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1973:
1945:
1939:
1932:
1926:
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1914:
1908:
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1877:
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1870:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1801:on 31 March 2019
1797:. Archived from
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
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1703:
1701:
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1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1510:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1487:. 31 August 2018
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1453:
1433:
1375:
1351:Samsung KN55S9C
1337:
1297:Galaxy Note Edge
1231:Specifications:
1211:4:3 aspect ratio
1197:Specifications:
1172:
1142:Samsung KN55S9C
1097:
1067:4:3 aspect ratio
1053:Specifications:
973:Electronic paper
867:Galaxy Note Edge
789:Samsung Galaxy Z
782:
773:
759:Galaxy Note Edge
735:Sony Electronics
679:Sony Electronics
364:Electronic paper
322:rollable display
318:flexible display
296:
289:
278:
271:
267:
264:
258:
240:
232:
225:
218:
214:
211:
205:
181:
180:
173:
166:
159:
155:
152:
146:
144:
103:
79:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
18:Rollable display
3960:
3959:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3899:
3847:
3809:
3795:Slide projector
3785:Movie projector
3768:
3713:
3613:
3523:
3516:
3417:
3411:
3364:
3349:
3344:
3314:
3304:
3302:
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3267:
3266:
3262:
3255:
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1434:
1430:
1426:
1383:
1323:
1321:Curved OLED TVs
1315:Human Media Lab
1292:Windows Phone 8
1264:
1259:
1257:Concept devices
1229:
1195:
1186:
1180:
1095:
1051:
1019:
1002:
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797:
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784:
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724:Windows Phone 7
704:
695:
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669:in April 2013.
631:Human Media Lab
619:
587:
570:Hewlett Packard
554:
526:
518:mass production
498:
493:
408:
388:electrophoretic
297:
286:
285:
284:
279:
268:
262:
259:
256:
241:
226:
215:
209:
206:
192:Please help by
191:
182:
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3571:Liquid crystal
3568:
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3355:Video displays
3351:
3350:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3320:
3313:
3312:
3286:
3260:
3249:
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3119:
3093:
3067:
3040:
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2994:
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2944:
2917:
2894:
2871:
2848:
2821:(4): 573–600.
2801:
2780:
2757:
2722:
2696:
2670:
2648:
2614:
2589:
2563:
2534:
2508:
2482:
2446:
2414:
2383:
2357:
2334:
2311:
2285:
2262:
2239:
2213:
2186:
2152:
2122:
2111:on 8 July 2015
2095:
2072:
2049:
2038:. AU Optronics
2023:
2007:
1991:
1975:
1940:
1927:
1909:
1890:
1872:
1853:
1831:
1812:
1781:
1755:
1736:
1707:
1677:
1651:
1628:
1606:
1579:
1568:on 8 July 2020
1553:
1530:
1524:978-0470870488
1523:
1498:
1472:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1403:Modular design
1400:
1395:
1393:Flexible glass
1390:
1382:
1379:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:Diagonal (in)
1341:
1326:LG Electronics
1322:
1319:
1263:
1262:Mobile devices
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1250:
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1125:
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1118:
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1114:Samsung Round
1111:
1110:
1107:
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1103:Diagonal (in)
1101:
1094:
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1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
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1038:16 gray levels
1036:
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974:
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969:
966:
960:
957:
940:
937:
906:
903:
890:
887:
875:Galaxy S6 Edge
844:contrast ratio
799:In late 2010,
787:
786:
777:
776:
768:
767:
766:
765:
764:
750:
747:
731:
728:
716:nanotechnology
703:
700:
694:
691:
687:LG Electronics
674:
671:
623:Roel Vertegaal
618:
615:
586:
583:
553:
550:
546:digital images
525:
522:
514:conceptualized
497:
494:
492:
489:
488:
487:
480:steering wheel
476:
469:
466:
456:
453:Mobile devices
407:
404:
350:electronic ink
299:
298:
281:
280:
263:September 2019
247:listed sources
244:
242:
235:
228:
227:
210:September 2019
185:
183:
176:
169:
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151:September 2019
83:
81:
74:
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43:
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33:
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14:
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10:
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6:
4:
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2:
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3541:
3539:(ELQD/QD-LED)
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3141:
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3097:
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3021:
3018:
3005:
2998:
2995:
2982:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2954:
2948:
2945:
2933:on 4 May 2013
2932:
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2797:
2791:
2783:
2781:1-4244-0303-0
2777:
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2761:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2726:
2723:
2710:
2709:Foldable News
2706:
2700:
2697:
2684:
2677:
2675:
2671:
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2637:
2633:
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2127:
2123:
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2106:
2099:
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2073:
2060:
2053:
2050:
2037:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2005:. wellpcb.com
2004:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1963:
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1937:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1894:
1891:
1886:
1885:Plastic Logic
1882:
1876:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1827:
1826:Good e-Reader
1823:
1816:
1813:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1782:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1744:Derra, Skip.
1740:
1737:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1695:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1665:
1658:
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1639:
1632:
1629:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1595:on 1 May 2006
1594:
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1338:
1335:
1332:
1327:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1299:, and future
1298:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1261:
1256:
1252:"unbreakable"
1251:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1213:
1210:
1207:
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1133:
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1127:
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1119:
1116:
1113:
1112:
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1102:
1099:
1098:
1092:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1048:
1044:"unbreakable"
1043:
1041:solar powered
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1012:"unbreakable"
1011:
1008:
1007:
1006:
999:
993:
989:
984:
980:
972:
967:
965:
958:
956:
954:
950:
946:
938:
936:
934:
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926:
922:
918:
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904:
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868:
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853:
849:
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809:
806:
802:
793:
790:
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772:
760:
755:
748:
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736:
729:
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713:
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672:
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668:
664:
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648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
616:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
585:Plastic Logic
584:
582:
580:
574:
571:
567:
566:demonstration
563:
559:
551:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
523:
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515:
511:
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397:
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389:
385:
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369:
365:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
338:mobile phones
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
312:
311:Plastic Logic
307:
303:
295:
292:
277:
274:
266:
254:
253:
248:
243:
239:
234:
233:
224:
221:
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203:
199:
195:
189:
186:This article
184:
175:
174:
165:
162:
154:
143:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112: –
111:
107:
106:Find sources:
100:
96:
90:
89:
84:This article
82:
78:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
3889:
3800:Transparency
3773:Static media
3727:Stereoscopic
3303:. Retrieved
3301:. 2 May 2019
3298:
3289:
3277:. Retrieved
3273:
3263:
3252:
3225:. Retrieved
3221:the original
3211:
3199:. Retrieved
3189:
3177:. Retrieved
3151:. Retrieved
3122:
3110:. Retrieved
3107:Ars Technica
3106:
3096:
3084:. Retrieved
3058:. Retrieved
3054:the original
3043:
3031:. Retrieved
3020:
3008:. Retrieved
2997:
2985:. Retrieved
2957:. Retrieved
2947:
2935:. Retrieved
2931:the original
2920:
2908:. Retrieved
2897:
2885:. Retrieved
2874:
2862:. Retrieved
2851:
2818:
2814:
2804:
2767:
2760:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2713:. Retrieved
2708:
2699:
2687:. Retrieved
2661:. Retrieved
2651:
2639:. Retrieved
2627:
2617:
2605:. Retrieved
2601:
2592:
2580:. Retrieved
2576:
2566:
2554:. Retrieved
2549:
2525:. Retrieved
2520:
2511:
2499:. Retrieved
2495:
2485:
2460:
2456:
2449:
2437:. Retrieved
2433:the original
2405:. Retrieved
2401:the original
2396:
2386:
2374:. Retrieved
2348:. Retrieved
2337:
2325:. Retrieved
2314:
2302:. Retrieved
2276:. Retrieved
2265:
2253:. Retrieved
2242:
2230:. Retrieved
2204:. Retrieved
2200:the original
2189:
2177:. Retrieved
2173:the original
2143:. Retrieved
2139:the original
2113:. Retrieved
2109:the original
2098:
2086:. Retrieved
2075:
2063:. Retrieved
2052:
2040:. Retrieved
1953:
1949:
1943:
1930:
1921:
1912:
1903:
1893:
1884:
1875:
1866:
1856:
1848:the original
1843:
1834:
1825:
1815:
1803:. Retrieved
1799:the original
1794:
1784:
1772:. Retrieved
1768:the original
1758:
1749:
1739:
1727:. Retrieved
1722:
1698:. Retrieved
1668:. Retrieved
1642:. Retrieved
1631:
1619:. Retrieved
1609:
1597:. Retrieved
1593:the original
1582:
1570:. Retrieved
1566:the original
1556:
1544:. Retrieved
1533:
1514:
1489:. Retrieved
1484:
1475:
1463:. Retrieved
1441:
1431:
1373:
1362:LG 55EA9800
1324:
1305:
1285:
1276:
1270:, the first
1265:
1230:
1196:
1187:
1170:
1156:LG 55EA9800
1064:) resolution
1052:
1020:
1003:
986:
962:
942:
935:on the fly.
914:
892:
863:Galaxy Round
860:
836:
812:
798:
733:
705:
696:
683:AU Optronics
677:Since 2010,
676:
639:PaperWindows
620:
611:wristwatches
588:
575:
555:
527:
507:
447:
420:
406:Applications
362:
321:
317:
315:
302:
287:
269:
260:
249:
216:
207:
194:spinning off
187:
157:
148:
138:
131:
124:
117:
105:
93:Please help
88:verification
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
3764:Fog display
3737:Multiscopic
3654:Fiber-optic
3566:Quantum dot
3227:12 February
3201:12 February
3179:12 February
3175:. The Verge
3153:12 February
3149:. The Verge
3112:23 February
3086:12 February
3060:12 February
3033:12 February
3010:12 February
3006:. The Verge
2987:12 February
2983:. The Verge
2959:12 February
2937:12 February
2910:12 February
2887:12 February
2883:. The Verge
2864:12 February
2738:(1): 1131.
2689:12 February
2685:. The Verge
2663:12 February
2641:20 February
2607:13 November
2439:12 February
2376:12 February
2372:. The Verge
2350:12 February
2327:12 February
2304:12 February
2278:12 February
2255:12 February
2232:12 February
2206:12 February
2179:12 February
2145:12 February
2115:12 February
2088:12 February
2084:. The Verge
2065:12 February
2042:12 February
1795:Design News
1700:12 February
1670:12 February
1644:12 February
1621:12 February
1599:12 February
1572:12 February
1546:12 February
1408:Smart watch
1242:, 1280x720
1017:Asu e-paper
883:Galaxy Fold
250:may not be
3919:Categories
3805:Laser beam
3759:Volumetric
3719:3D display
3659:Nixie tube
3639:Split-flap
3524:generation
3498:Blue Phase
3418:generation
3365:generation
3029:. Engadget
2906:. Engadget
2715:23 January
2463:(1): 384.
2346:. Engadget
2323:. Engadget
2300:. Engadget
2274:. Engadget
2251:. Engadget
2228:. Engadget
2061:. Engadget
1867:Slash Gear
1696:. Engadget
1666:. Engadget
1640:. Engadget
1424:References
1413:MSG Sphere
1398:Fish scale
1268:PaperPhone
1208:resolution
1182:See also:
1128:LG G Flex
1082:14g weight
1060:1024x768 (
1049:LG e-paper
977:See also:
939:Advantages
909:See also:
854:displays.
831:California
663:PaperPhone
647:Xerox PARC
552:HP and ASU
530:Xerox PARC
524:Xerox PARC
484:automobile
471:A child's
431:scientists
340:and other
198:relocating
121:newspapers
50:improve it
3859:Scan line
3833:DisplayID
3790:Neon sign
3780:Monoscope
3622:Non-video
3383:Jumbotron
3274:USA TODAY
2835:1617-4909
2790:cite book
2752:135723096
2636:1357-0978
2556:7 January
2521:The Verge
1956:(6): 48.
1491:31 August
1485:Gearbrain
1460:248635039
1331:The Verge
1303:devices.
933:interface
919:showed a
819:Las Vegas
667:MorePhone
579:U.S. Army
556:In 2005,
534:Palo Alto
435:engineers
421:With the
380:prototype
334:e-readers
56:talk page
3742:Hologram
3649:Eggcrate
3634:Flip-dot
3580:display
3561:Laser TV
3532:microLED
3462:(AMOLED)
3416:Current
3372:Eidophor
2843:15617366
2628:Wired UK
2550:Engadget
2527:21 March
2477:59976823
1970:22545786
1922:BBC News
1805:24 April
1381:See also
1280:Engadget
1238:800x480
1204:480x360
1123:shorter
827:San Jose
372:CES 2006
252:reliable
3826:CEA-861
3456:(OLED)
3441:Gyricon
3305:20 July
3279:20 July
2582:4 April
2501:4 April
2407:4 April
1844:Reuters
1774:7 April
1729:30 July
1227:Samsung
949:display
856:Samsung
823:Samsung
815:Samsung
749:Samsung
657:in the
643:Gyricon
603:plastic
599:Germany
595:Dresden
538:Gyricon
510:e-paper
491:History
459:Laptops
427:display
376:Philips
354:Gyricon
135:scholar
3710:(SISD)
3604:(TDEL)
3598:(FLCD)
3545:(OLET)
3513:(LCoS)
3472:(LCD)
3450:(LED)
3427:(QLED)
3401:(PDP)
3127:Reflex
2841:
2833:
2778:
2750:
2634:
2475:
1968:
1521:
1465:31 May
1458:
1368:5,000
1357:4,500
1340:Model
1307:ReFlex
1288:AMOLED
1165:wider
1151:wider
1137:wider
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