707:
970:
519:
1497:
414:
797:
755:
36:
1000:
991:, he minces no words about his late father-in-law: "the lord Romanus the Emperor was an idiot and an illiterate man, neither bred in the high imperial manner, nor following Roman custom from the beginning, nor of imperial or noble descent, and therefore the more rude and authoritarian in doing most things ... for his beliefs were uncouth, obstinate, ignorant of what is good, and unwilling to adhere to what is right and proper."
825:
463:
111:
613:
583:
1026:, who died in 922. However, genealogical and chronological considerations have led to the hypothesis that his three eldest children may have been born from an otherwise unattested first marriage. Romanos had at least eight legitimate and at least one illegitimate children, leading to numerous aristocratic descendants and connections in the Middle Byzantine period, including every emperor for the next century.
2512:
655:(renamed Eirene, "Peace"), the daughter of Romanos' eldest son and co-emperor Christopher, and thus his granddaughter. On this occasion Christopher received precedence in rank over his brother-in-law Constantine VII, something which compounded the latter's resentment towards the Lekapenoi, the Bulgarians, and imperial marriages to outsiders (as documented in his composition
632:, Romanos criticized Simeon's disregard for tradition and Orthodox Christian brotherhood and supposedly shamed him into coming to terms and lifting the siege. In reality, this was accomplished by Romanos' tacit recognition of Simeon as emperor of Bulgaria. Relations were subsequently marred by continued wrangling over titles (Simeon called himself emperor of the
2549:
966:. When they threatened the position of Constantine VII, however, the people of Constantinople revolted, and Stephen and Constantine were likewise stripped of their imperial rank and sent into exile to their father. Romanos died on 15 June 948, and was buried as the other members of his family in the church of Myrelaion.
608:
for a marital alliance with
Constantine VII, and Romanos was determined to deny the unpopular concession of imperial recognition to Simeon, which had already toppled two imperial governments. Consequently, the first four years of Romanos' reign were spent in warfare against Bulgaria. Although Simeon
538:
in 924, although, for the time being, Constantine VII was regarded as first in rank after
Romanos himself. It is notable that, as he left Constantine VII untouched, he was called 'the gentle usurper'. Romanos strengthened his position by marrying his daughters to members of the powerful aristocratic
836:
Romanos I Lekapenos attempted to strengthen the
Byzantine Empire by seeking peace everywhere that it was possible—his dealings with Bulgaria and Kievan Rus' have been described above. To protect Byzantine Thrace from Magyar incursions (such as the ones in 934 and 943), Romanos paid them protection
409:
and had been rewarded by a place in the
Imperial Guard. Romanos' byname, now usually treated as a family name, was derived from his place of birth, Lakape, and is found mostly as Lakapenos in the sources, although English-language scholarship in particular prefers the form Lekapenos, in large part
957:
Romanos' later reign was marked by the old emperor's heightened interest in divine judgment and his increasing sense of guilt for his role in the usurpation of the throne from
Constantine VII. On the death of Christopher, by far his most competent son, in 931, Romanos did not advance his younger
400:
and that's the reason he was assumed to have been
Armenian. This alleged ethnicity has been repeated so often in literature that it has acquired the status of a known fact, even though it is based on the most tenuous of indirect connections. Nevertheless, his father Theophylact, as a soldier, had
944:
896:. The emperor also managed to increase the taxes levied on the aristocracy and established the state on a more secure financial footing. Romanos was also able to effectively subdue revolts in several provinces of the empire, most notably in Chaldia, the
883:. The new patriarch did not achieve renown for his piety and spirituality, but he added theatrical elements to the Byzantine liturgy and was an avid horse-breeder, allegedly leaving mass to tend to one of his favorite mares when she was giving birth.
647:, but he showed himself ready to negotiate for a more permanent peace. Romanos seized the occasion and proposed a marriage alliance between the imperial houses of Byzantium and Bulgaria, at the same time renewing the Serbian-Byzantine alliance with
609:
generally had the upper hand, he was unable to gain a decisive advantage because of the impregnability of
Constantinople's walls. In 924, when Simeon had once again blockaded the capital by land, Romanos succeeded in opening negotiations.
958:
sons in precedence over
Constantine VII. Fearing that Romanos would allow Constantine VII to succeed him instead of them, his younger sons Stephen and Constantine arrested their father on 20 (or 16) December 944, carried him off to the
816:," was dismissed after the fall of the Lekapenoi in 945. Nevertheless, his campaigns in the East paved the way for the even more dramatic reconquests in the middle and the second half of the 10th century.
4110:
392:(hence the name), was the son of a peasant with the remarkable name of Theophylact the Unbearable (Theophylaktos Abastaktos), usually identified as Armenian. However, according to the Byzantinist
421:
Although he did not receive any refined education (for which he was later abused by his son-in-law
Constantine VII), Romanos advanced through the ranks of the army during the reign of Emperor
4115:
4065:
886:
Romanos was active as a legislator, promulgating a series of laws to protect small landowners from being swallowed up by the estates of the land-owning nobility (
2532:
617:
601:
577:
706:
1123:
877:
4125:
4080:
2686:
1758:
1365:
969:
3211:
911:
into the empire in 942 and renamed it
Romanopolis (Ρωμανούπολις). In Constantinople, he built his palace in the place called Myrelaion, near the
661:). From this point on, Romanos' government was free from direct military confrontation with Bulgaria. Although Byzantium would tacitly support a
1735:
1268:
880:
4075:
4005:
3873:
1656:
1622:
1588:
4085:
3218:
2455:
892:). The legislative reform may have been partly inspired by hardship caused by the famine of 927 and the subsequent semi-popular revolt of
670:
57:
3841:
512:
2527:
2493:
2436:
1188:, king of Italy, died 949; (2) c. 956 Anastaso (renamed Theophano), daughter of Krateros, died after 978; they were the parents of:
396:, Romanos is discussed in many Byzantine sources, but none of them calls him an Armenian. His father came from humble origin in the
79:
518:
4130:
3807:
3790:
3617:
3605:
1132:, born c. 920, co-emperor from 923 to 945, died 963; he married (in 934?) Anna, daughter of Gabalas; they were the parents of:
3778:
3570:
3532:
3492:
3459:
2427:
1555:
1401:
1290:
932:
4038:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
744:
4070:
3993:
3819:
3646:
3612:
3576:
3465:
381:
284:
3634:
2679:
2188:
Shepard 2003: 26-27, building on Poppe 1997; Shepard also accepts Poppe's suggestion that Anna was the mother of Saints
1023:
241:
1713:
703:
in 934. The capture of this city is often considered the first major Byzantine territorial recovery from the Muslims.
4105:
4090:
3715:
3394:
2860:
1217:
669:
raids across their territory into Byzantine possessions, Byzantium and Bulgaria remained at peace for 40 years, until
413:
732:
50:
44:
1202:, born 960 or 961, died 1028; he married c. 976 Helena, daughter of Alypios, died c. 989; they were the parents of:
796:
4095:
4025:
3981:
3959:
3910:
3797:
3588:
3357:
2699:
2609:
1741:
1510:
101:
754:
4100:
3932:
3900:
3725:
2905:
1449:
1221:
648:
443:
in 917, but he was unable to carry out his mission. In the aftermath of the disastrous Byzantine defeat at the
61:
4120:
3942:
3895:
3442:
3089:
983:
724:
657:
565:
3750:
3730:
3504:
3384:
2672:
1502:
1359:
1231:
1147:, born c. 921, co-emperor from 923 to 945, died between 945 and 948; he married (1) Helena, daughter of the
621:
431:
604:, which had been re-ignited by the regency of Zoe. The rise to power of Romanos had curtailed the plans of
550:
His early reign saw several conspiracies to topple him, which led to the successive dismissal of his first
4020:
3999:
3905:
2695:
1718:
1686:
1677:
687:
651:, returning independence the same year. In September 927 Peter arrived before Constantinople and married
436:
1484:, who remained influential at court, dominating it in 976–985, before being set aside; he died after 986.
718:
In 941, while most of the army under Kourkouas was absent in the East, a fleet of 15 old ships under the
3954:
3949:
3925:
3920:
3836:
3673:
3661:
3432:
3057:
2645:
2627:
1144:
1075:
Michael Porphyrogennetos, born after 921, possibly given quasi-imperial honors before 945, subsequently
1030:
1010:
999:
920:
893:
776:
in 944. As the price for his withdrawal, Kourkouas obtained one of Byzantium's most prized relics, the
695:
and intervened in Armenia in 924. From 926 Kourkouas campaigned across the eastern frontier against the
535:
527:
353:
274:
264:
183:
171:
1304:
1209:
919:
which became the first example of a private burial church of a Byzantine emperor. Moreover, he erected
4055:
3937:
3885:
3745:
3720:
3685:
3600:
3514:
3364:
3195:
2664:
2446:
1394:
1332:
1225:
1058:
605:
591:
587:
491:
467:
456:
876:
in 920. In 933 Romanos took advantage of a vacancy on the patriarchal throne to name his young son
4060:
3868:
3853:
3831:
3766:
3755:
3710:
3146:
3084:
3047:
1415:
1380:
1355:
1351:
1300:
1213:
1052:
959:
773:
640:
224:
973:
Stephanos and Constantine are deposed during lunch with Constantine VII and exiled to a monastery.
3915:
3858:
3802:
3784:
3773:
3735:
3705:
3583:
3301:
3205:
2955:
2924:
2917:
2573:
1761:
gives 15 July, but this is most likely a mistake, as the entire chapter is essentially a copy of
1545:
1369:
1240:
444:
305:
2410:
Streams of Gold, Rivers of Blood: The rise and fall of Byzantium, 955 A.D. to the First Crusade,
943:
868:
Similarly, Romanos re-established peace within the church and overcame the new conflict between
110:
2450:
2394:
2382:
2370:
2355:
2343:
2331:
2310:
2298:
2286:
2274:
2262:
2250:
2238:
2226:
2214:
2202:
2177:
2165:
2153:
2141:
2129:
2117:
2105:
2093:
2081:
2069:
2057:
2045:
2033:
2021:
2009:
1997:
1985:
1973:
1961:
1949:
1937:
1925:
1913:
1899:
1887:
1875:
1863:
1851:
1839:
1827:
1815:
1802:
1790:
1529:
3880:
3826:
3667:
3565:
3540:
3389:
3251:
2987:
2972:
2850:
2818:
2636:
2489:
2432:
2421:
2416:
1801:
For this and the other family relationships, see the relevant articles in Lillie et al. 2013:
1681:
1652:
1618:
1584:
1551:
1426:
1129:
1064:
841:
were the allies of the Byzantines until the reign of Romanos, when he started persecuting the
790:
557:
540:
531:
452:
393:
361:
269:
248:
177:
126:
1612:
1578:
1111:
unnamed daughter; she married (Alexios?) Mousele, who died in 922; they were the parents of:
4010:
3987:
3890:
3863:
3848:
3814:
3740:
3700:
3690:
3415:
3342:
3312:
3175:
3130:
3125:
2997:
2460:
1604:
1419:
1272:
1199:
1185:
924:
858:
846:
760:
666:
480:
117:
3651:
3641:
3550:
3337:
3245:
3233:
3227:
3079:
2900:
2870:
2813:
2793:
2656:
2618:
2602:
2479:
1754:
1461:
1255:
1171:
1167:
978:
850:
801:
720:
662:
652:
496:
422:
369:
289:
279:
158:
146:
977:
Having lived long under constant threat of deposition—or worse—by the Lekapenoi family,
435:). In this capacity he was supposed to participate in the Byzantine operations against
3545:
3509:
3454:
3347:
3270:
3168:
3162:
3094:
3074:
2828:
2788:
2189:
1731:
1608:
1423:
1048:
1005:
912:
901:
824:
748:
728:
711:
682:
552:
507:
462:
448:
397:
333:
1368:, by the first marriage, died c. 1074; he married Theodora Komnene, sister of Emperor
612:
582:
4049:
4015:
3975:
3519:
3327:
3135:
2553:
2523:
2518:
2502:
Shepard, Jonathan (2003), "Marriages towards the Millennium," in P. Magdalino (ed.),
1390:
1310:
916:
829:
561:
426:
1151:
Adrianos, and (2), 941? Theophano Mamas; he and his first wife were the parents of:
564:. From 925 and until the end of his reign, the post was occupied by the chamberlain
3760:
3555:
3487:
3482:
3472:
3295:
3157:
2798:
1374:
1184:, born 937–939, died 963; he married (1) 944 Bertha (renamed Eudokia), daughter of
751:. This crisis having passed, Kourkouas was free to return to the eastern frontier.
501:
2483:
1646:
17:
3624:
3499:
3449:
3374:
2948:
2895:
2838:
897:
769:
758:
The Byzantine fleet under Theophanes repels the Rus' in 941. Miniature from the
2485:
The Emperor Romanus Lecapenus and His Reign: A Study of Tenth-Century Byzantium
3680:
3595:
3560:
3525:
3437:
3352:
3112:
3105:
3052:
3032:
2977:
2942:
2935:
2880:
2845:
2708:
1492:
1181:
988:
908:
854:
813:
736:
495:, but he moved swiftly to consolidate his position: in April 919 his daughter
2536:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 583–584.
3427:
3379:
3289:
3276:
3063:
2992:
2965:
2960:
2929:
2875:
2823:
2758:
2753:
1126:, born 913, castrated as child, patriarch of Constantinople from 933 to 956.
1017:
808:
John Kourkouas, although considered by some of his contemporaries "a second
778:
629:
485:
309:
2559:
2548:
1033:, co-emperor from 921 to 931 (senior co-emperor from 927); he married the
3695:
3477:
3369:
3322:
3282:
3264:
3184:
3119:
3099:
3069:
3042:
3037:
3022:
3012:
2982:
2890:
2885:
2833:
2808:
2803:
2768:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
1251:
1247:
1192:
740:
696:
406:
389:
385:
229:
1437:
Pulcheria Argyre, born c. 965, died c. 1034; she married Basil Skleros,
832:, commissioned by Romanos I as a family shrine in 922 in Constantinople.
3629:
3332:
3239:
3152:
3007:
2783:
888:
838:
700:
692:
402:
300:
3401:
3258:
3140:
2912:
2778:
1465:
1104:
unnamed daughter, who died after 961; she married Romanos Saronites,
949:
928:
869:
809:
786:
644:
544:
539:
families of Argyros and Mouseles, by recalling the deposed patriarch
440:
365:
204:
1448:
unnamed Skleraina, died before 1042; she married the future Emperor
499:
was married to Constantine VII, and Lekapenos assumed the new title
691:) in the East. John Kourkouas subdued a rebellion in the theme of
3002:
2773:
2763:
2743:
2517:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
998:
968:
942:
823:
795:
783:
753:
705:
611:
581:
517:
461:
412:
2464:
451:, where he gradually overcame the discredited regency of Empress
2748:
2738:
963:
479:
On 25 March 919, at the head of his fleet, Lekapenos seized the
2668:
665:
revolt against Bulgaria in 931, and the Bulgarians would allow
2431:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 1806.
1303:, died 1034; he married (1) Helena, nun 1028; (2) the Empress
853:
responded to the persecution of Jews by "doing away with many
842:
526:
In subsequent years Romanos crowned his own sons co-emperors,
29:
1530:
https://www.degruyter.com/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ28987/html
639:
On the death of Simeon in May 927, Bulgaria's new emperor,
600:
The first major challenge faced by the new emperor was the
590:
and Romanos engaging the Bulgarians, from the 14th century
1061:, emperor of Bulgaria, died 977; he married and left issue
2488:. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
800:
In exchange for sparing Edessa, its inhabitants gift the
417:
Bulgarian forces rout the Byzantines at Anchialos in 917.
1614:
Studies on the Internal Diaspora of the Byzantine Empire
743:, by the returning army under Kourkouas. In 944 Romanos
410:
due to Sir Steven Runciman's 1928 study on the emperor.
1383:, by the second marriage, born c. 1070, died after 1094
1296:(Marianos?) Argyros; he married and was the father of:
1212:, born c. 978, died 1050; she married (1) 1028 Emperor
636:
as well), but peace had been effectively established.
522:
Leo Phokas' supporters surrender to Romanos Lekapenos.
2192:, but that is explicitly contradicted by the sources.
483:
and the reins of government. Initially, he was named
1083:, died after 963; he married and was the father of:
1072:
Romanos, possibly co-emperor, died young, before 927
953:
of Romanos I, marked: "RωMAN(ός) BASILЄVS RωM(αῖων)"
3968:
3414:
3311:
3194:
3021:
2859:
2707:
699:and their vassals, and won an important victory at
315:
299:
247:
237:
219:
211:
195:
191:
165:
154:
142:
132:
125:
94:
2420:
1139:, logothete of the envoys, castrated 945, died 975
1051:, died before 967 (963?); she married 927 Emperor
1377:, by the second marriage, born c. 1069, died 1087
543:, and by putting an end to the conflict with the
364:from 920 until his deposition in 944, serving as
4111:Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars
1354:, died 1072; he married (1) unnamed daughter of
4116:Burials at Myrelaion Monastery (Constantinople)
1108:; they were the parents of two unnamed children
115:Romanos Lekapenos depicted in the 12th century
1651:. Harvard University Press. pp. 174–175.
1539:
1537:
425:. In 911 he was general of the naval theme of
2680:
2365:
2363:
1464:, illegitimate son by a "Scythian" mistress,
1289:Agatha, born c. 908?; she married in 921-922
1055: ; they were parents, among others, of:
643:, made a show of force by invading Byzantine
8:
1648:Romanland: Ethnicity and Empire in Byzantium
1325:, died 1034; married and was the father of:
447:in 917 by the Bulgarians, Romanos sailed to
1547:The Emperor Romanus Lecapenus and His Reign
1239:Anna, born 963, died 1011; she married 989
1224:, died 1055; no issue, but adopted Emperor
1170:, b. c. 907, died 961; she married Emperor
837:money and pursued diplomatic avenues. The
547:over the four marriages of Emperor Leo VI.
429:and later served as admiral of the fleet (
3191:
2687:
2673:
2665:
2564:
1550:. Cambridge University Press. p. 63.
1093:Sophia; she married Pankratios Taronites,
1086:Helene; she married Konstantinos Radenos,
1049:Maria (supposedly renamed Eirene, "Peace")
1045:Niketas Helladikos; they were parents of:
987:manual written for his son and successor,
109:
91:
2471:Poppe, Andrzej, "Feofana Novgorodskaja,"
1162:, born after 934, castrated 945, died 971
1037:Sophia (died after 944), daughter of the
981:was extremely resentful of them. In his
907:He incorporated the Armenian fortress of
739:, and again at land, when they landed in
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
4066:9th-century Byzantine military personnel
1700:
681:Romanos appointed the brilliant general
43:This article includes a list of general
1521:
1347:, died 1032; they were the parents of:
872:and Constantinople by promulgating the
2560:World History Encyclopedia - Romanos I
857:", and Romanos retaliated by inciting
1177:Leo, born before 939, died 944 or 945
368:for and senior co-ruler of the young
7:
2456:Prosopography of the Byzantine World
1672:
1670:
1668:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
727:had to defend Constantinople from a
505:. On 24 September 920, he was named
1243:of Rus'; they were the parents of:
782:, the holy towel allegedly sent by
772:and besieged the important city of
470:on the orders of Romanos Lekapenos.
215:15 June 948 (aged 77–78)
2428:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
1777:Cambridge History Byzantine Empire
1580:Historical Dictionary of Byzantium
1432:Basilio Orseolo, died 1006 or 1007
1234:, born c. 980 (or 989?), died 1056
1009:of Romanos I with his eldest son,
768:In 943 Kourkouas invaded northern
578:Byzantine–Bulgarian war of 913–927
102:Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2473:Novgorodskij istoriÄŤeskij sbornik
1418:, died 1006 or 1007; she married
1400:unnamed Argyre; she married King
931:, the monumental entrance to the
865:in the letter) against Khazaria.
671:Sviatoslav's invasion of Bulgaria
616:Simeon orders the burning of the
27:Byzantine emperor from 920 to 944
2547:
2510:
1682:"Libri VI: Constantini Imperium"
1495:
845:of the empire. According to the
618:Church of St. Mary of the Spring
34:
4126:Governors of the Theme of Samos
4081:10th-century Byzantine emperors
2451:"Romanos I. Lekapenos (#26833)"
1740:. Translated by Wortley, John.
1583:. Scarecrow Press. p. 56.
1271:, nun 959; married 970 Emperor
1067:, emperor of Bulgaria, died 997
1022:Romanos I's only named wife is
685:commander of the field armies (
380:Romanos, born in Lakape (later
1617:. Dumbarton Oaks. p. 66.
1402:Hovhannes-Smbat III of Armenia
1393:; she married after 1028 King
1220:, died 1041; (3) 1042 Emperor
1216:, died 1034; (2) 1034 Emperor
962:and compelled him to become a
511:; and on 17 December, Romanos
338:Ῥωμανός Λακαπηνός or Λεκαπηνός
1:
349:
4076:10th-century Armenian people
1690:. pp. 393–397, 436–441.
1445:; they were the parents of:
1429:; they were the parents of:
1362:; they were the parents of:
1331:unnamed Argyre; she married
1293:; they were the parents of:
1174:; they were the parents of:
1145:Constantine Porphyrogennetos
628:Meeting Simeon in person at
405:from the enemy in battle at
4086:Armenian Byzantine emperors
1645:Kaldellis, Anthony (2019).
881:patriarch of Constantinople
735:at sea, through the use of
714:takes the city of Melitene.
572:War and peace with Bulgaria
254:
4147:
3960:Constantine XI Palaiologos
3911:Andronikos III Palaiologos
3798:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
2504:Byzantium in the Year 1000
1742:Cambridge University Press
1544:Runciman, Steven (1969) .
1511:List of Byzantine emperors
1258:, died c. 1057; left issue
1015:
915:. Beside it Romanos built
575:
513:was crowned senior emperor
4036:
3933:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
3901:Andronikos II Palaiologos
3726:Constantine IX Monomachos
2653:
2607:
2599:
2594:
2567:
1450:Constantine IX Monomachos
1222:Constantine IX Monomachos
337:
108:
99:
3896:Michael VIII Palaiologos
2506:, Leiden, pp. 1–34.
1775:Jonathan Shepard (ed.).
1130:Stephen Porphyrogennetos
984:De Administrando Imperio
658:De Administrando Imperio
319:Theophylaktos Abastaktos
3751:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
3385:Tiberius II Constantine
2533:Encyclopædia Britannica
1577:John H. Rosser (2011).
1503:Byzantine Empire portal
1360:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
1313:, called Mesardonites,
710:The army under general
432:droungarios tou ploimou
64:more precise citations.
4131:Megaloi hetaireiarchai
3906:Michael IX Palaiologos
2449:; et al. (2013).
1763:Theophanes Continuatus
1719:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1687:Theophanes Continuatus
1013:
974:
954:
833:
805:
765:
715:
688:domestikos ton scholon
625:
597:
523:
471:
418:
4000:Thessalonian emperors
3994:Trapezuntine emperors
3955:John VIII Palaiologos
3950:Manuel II Palaiologos
3921:John VI Kantakouzenos
3837:Andronikos I Komnenos
3674:Constantine Lekapenos
2702:and empresses regnant
2646:Constantine Lekapenos
2628:Christopher Lekapenos
2447:Lilie, Ralph-Johannes
2422:"Romanos I Lekapenos"
1246:Feofana; she married
1195:, born 958, died 1025
1011:Christopher Lekapenos
1002:
972:
946:
894:Basil the Copper Hand
828:The palace church at
827:
799:
757:
709:
677:Campaigns in the East
615:
585:
521:
465:
416:
184:Constantine Lekapenos
172:Christopher Lekapenos
4071:9th-century generals
3938:John VII Palaiologos
3886:Theodore II Laskaris
3746:Constantine X Doukas
3686:Nikephoros II Phokas
2569:Romanos I Lekapenos
2556:at Wikimedia Commons
2408:Kaldellis, Anthony,
2321:Kaldellis 2017: 139.
1395:Bagrat IV of Georgia
1366:Constantine Diogenes
1333:Constantine Diogenes
606:Simeon I of Bulgaria
588:Simeon I of Bulgaria
586:A feast in honor of
492:megas hetaireiarches
401:rescued the Emperor
352:870 – 15 June 948),
3869:Theodore I Laskaris
3854:Alexios III Angelos
3832:Alexios II Komnenos
3756:Romanos IV Diogenes
3711:Romanos III Argyros
3657:Romanos I Lekapenos
2393:Lilie et al. 2013:
2381:Lilie et al. 2013:
2369:Lilie et al. 2013:
2354:Lilie et al. 2013:
2342:Lilie et al. 2013:
2330:Lilie et al. 2013:
2309:Lilie et al. 2013:
2297:Lilie et al. 2013:
2285:Lilie et al. 2013:
2273:Lilie et al. 2013:
2261:Lilie et al. 2013:
2249:Lilie et al. 2013:
2237:Lilie et al. 2013:
2225:Lilie et al. 2013:
2213:Lilie et al. 2013:
2201:Lilie et al. 2013:
2176:Lilie et al. 2013:
2164:Lilie et al. 2013:
2152:Lilie et al. 2013:
2140:Lilie et al. 2013:
2128:Lilie et al. 2013:
2116:Lilie et al. 2013:
2104:Lilie et al. 2013:
2092:Lilie et al. 2013:
2080:Lilie et al. 2013:
2068:Lilie et al. 2013:
2056:Lilie et al. 2013:
2044:Lilie et al. 2013:
2032:Lilie et al. 2013:
2020:Lilie et al. 2013:
2008:Lilie et al. 2013:
1996:Lilie et al. 2013:
1984:Lilie et al. 2013:
1972:Lilie et al. 2013:
1960:Lilie et al. 2013:
1948:Lilie et al. 2013:
1936:Lilie et al. 2013:
1924:Lilie et al. 2013:
1912:Lilie et al. 2013:
1886:Lilie et al. 2013:
1874:Lilie et al. 2013:
1862:Lilie et al. 2013:
1850:Lilie et al. 2013:
1838:Lilie et al. 2013:
1826:Lilie et al. 2013:
1814:Lilie et al. 2013:
1789:Lilie et al. 2013:
1737:Synopsis of History
1528:Lilie et al. 2013,
1381:Nikephoros Diogenes
1356:Alusian of Bulgaria
1352:Romanos IV Diogenes
1301:Romanos III Argyros
1214:Romanos III Argyros
1053:Peter I of Bulgaria
849:, the Khazar ruler
731:raid. The invaders
358:Romanus I Lecapenus
326:Romanos I Lakapenos
225:Myrelaion Monastery
150:(under regent rule)
95:Romanos I Lekapenos
4106:Macedonian dynasty
4091:Byzantine admirals
3988:Britannic emperors
3982:Palmyrene emperors
3916:John V Palaiologos
3859:Alexios IV Angelos
3808:Constantine Doukas
3803:Alexios I Komnenos
3791:Constantine Doukas
3774:Michael VII Doukas
3736:Michael VI Bringas
3302:Romulus Augustulus
2925:Trebonianus Gallus
2918:Herennius Etruscus
2700:Byzantine emperors
2574:Macedonian dynasty
2417:Kazhdan, Alexander
1370:Alexios I Komnenos
1281:Theophano, nun 959
1265:Zoe, nun since 959
1014:
975:
955:
834:
806:
804:to the Byzantines.
766:
745:concluded a treaty
716:
626:
598:
593:Manasses Chronicle
524:
472:
455:and her supporter
445:Battle of Acheloos
419:
4096:Byzantine regents
4043:
4042:
3881:John III Vatatzes
3827:Manuel I Komnenos
3566:Michael I Rangabe
3410:
3409:
3252:Petronius Maximus
2851:Severus Alexander
2819:Septimius Severus
2663:
2662:
2654:Succeeded by
2637:Stephen Lekapenos
2610:Byzantine emperor
2552:Media related to
2475:6 (1997) 102–120.
1703:, pp. 59–62.
1658:978-0-674-98651-0
1624:978-0-88402-247-3
1609:Angeliki E. Laiou
1590:978-0-8108-7567-8
1427:Pietro II Orseolo
1114:Romanos Mousele,
820:Internal policies
791:Abgar V of Edessa
602:war with Bulgaria
558:John the Rhaiktor
553:paradynasteuontes
541:Nicholas Mystikos
453:Zoe Karvounopsina
394:Anthony Kaldellis
362:Byzantine emperor
342:Rōmanos Lakapēnos
323:
322:
178:Stephen Lekapenos
136:17 December 920 –
127:Byzantine emperor
90:
89:
82:
18:Romanos Lekapenos
16:(Redirected from
4138:
4101:Lekapenos family
3891:John IV Laskaris
3864:Alexios V Doukas
3849:Isaac II Angelos
3815:John II Komnenos
3741:Isaac I Komnenos
3701:Constantine VIII
3691:John I Tzimiskes
3418:Byzantine Empire
3192:
2689:
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2675:
2666:
2600:Preceded by
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2480:Runciman, Steven
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1605:Hélène Ahrweiler
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1420:Giovanni Orseolo
1273:John I Tzimiskes
1200:Constantine VIII
1186:Hugh of Provence
960:Princes' Islands
939:End of the reign
925:Christ Chalkites
859:Oleg of Novgorod
847:Schechter Letter
761:Madrid Skylitzes
649:ÄŚaslav of Serbia
622:Theodosian Walls
481:Boukoleon Palace
466:The blinding of
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60:this article by
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1452:, who died 1055
1337:protospatharios
1328:unnamed Argyros
1315:protospatharios
1291:Romanos Argyros
1278:Agatha, nun 959
1172:Constantine VII
1088:protospatharios
1020:
997:
979:Constantine VII
941:
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721:protovestiarios
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3163:Valentinian II
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2712:27 BC – AD 235
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3643:
3640:
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3628:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3613:Theodora (II)
3611:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
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3590:
3585:
3582:
3579:
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3547:
3544:
3542:
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3536:
3535:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3521:
3520:Constantine V
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3505:Anastasius II
3503:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
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3403:
3400:
3397:
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3378:
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3368:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3328:Theodosius II
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3136:Valentinian I
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3059:
3058:Constantine I
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3048:Constantius I
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2968:
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2962:
2959:
2957:
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2800:
2797:
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2710:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2685:
2683:
2678:
2676:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2658:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2612:
2611:
2604:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2581:
2576:
2575:
2566:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2520:
2519:public domain
2508:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2495:0-521-35722-5
2491:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2438:0-19-504652-8
2434:
2430:
2429:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2412:Oxford, 2017.
2411:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2366:
2364:
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2267:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1779:. p. 39.
1778:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1701:Runciman 1988
1697:
1694:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1573:
1570:
1559:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1412:, killed 1017
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1391:Helena Argyre
1389:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1311:Basil Argyros
1309:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:Anna, nun 959
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1137:sebastophoros
1134:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1124:Theophylaktos
1122:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1019:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1001:
994:
992:
990:
986:
985:
980:
971:
967:
965:
961:
952:
951:
945:
938:
936:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
890:
884:
882:
879:
878:Theophylaktos
875:
871:
866:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
831:
826:
819:
817:
815:
811:
803:
798:
794:
792:
788:
785:
781:
780:
775:
771:
763:
762:
756:
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
733:were defeated
730:
726:
723:
722:
713:
708:
704:
702:
698:
694:
690:
689:
684:
676:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
659:
654:
650:
646:
642:
637:
635:
631:
623:
619:
614:
610:
607:
603:
595:
594:
589:
584:
579:
571:
569:
567:
563:
562:John Mystikos
559:
555:
554:
548:
546:
542:
537:
533:
529:
520:
516:
514:
510:
509:
504:
503:
498:
494:
493:
488:
487:
482:
475:Rise to power
474:
469:
464:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
433:
428:
424:
415:
411:
408:
404:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
375:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
347:
343:
335:
331:
327:
318:
314:
311:
307:
304:
302:
298:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
262:
260:
257:
256:
250:
246:
243:
240:
236:
231:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
198:
194:
190:
185:
179:
173:
170:
164:
160:
157:
153:
148:
145:
141:
135:
131:
128:
124:
120:
119:
112:
107:
104:
103:
98:
93:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
3943:Andronikos V
3941:
3924:
3872:
3840:
3818:
3806:
3789:
3783:
3777:
3765:
3759:
3672:
3666:
3660:
3656:
3633:
3616:
3604:
3587:
3575:
3569:
3556:Nikephoros I
3531:
3530:
3524:
3491:
3488:Justinian II
3483:Tiberius III
3473:Justinian II
3464:
3458:
3441:
3393:
3365:Anastasius I
3356:
3300:
3296:Julius Nepos
3288:
3281:
3269:
3257:
3250:
3238:
3226:
3217:
3216:
3210:
3183:
3174:
3173:
3167:
3158:Theodosius I
3145:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3075:Maximinus II
3062:
2964:
2947:
2934:
2928:
2916:
2904:
2837:
2799:Lucius Verus
2649:
2644:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2608:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2531:
2503:
2484:
2472:
2465:10.1515/pmbz
2454:
2426:
2409:
2389:
2377:
2350:
2338:
2326:
2317:
2305:
2293:
2281:
2269:
2257:
2245:
2233:
2221:
2209:
2197:
2184:
2172:
2160:
2148:
2136:
2124:
2112:
2100:
2088:
2076:
2064:
2052:
2040:
2028:
2016:
2004:
1992:
1980:
1968:
1956:
1944:
1932:
1920:
1908:
1894:
1882:
1870:
1858:
1846:
1834:
1822:
1810:
1797:
1785:
1776:
1770:
1762:
1759:continuation
1750:
1736:
1726:
1717:
1708:
1696:
1685:
1647:
1613:
1599:
1579:
1572:
1561:. Retrieved
1546:
1524:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1442:
1438:
1416:Maria Argyre
1409:
1375:Leo Diogenes
1344:
1340:
1336:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1205:Eudokia, nun
1159:
1155:
1148:
1136:
1118:; left issue
1115:
1105:
1097:; left issue
1094:
1090:; left issue
1087:
1080:
1076:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1021:
1004:
982:
976:
956:
948:
933:Great Palace
906:
887:
885:
873:
867:
862:
835:
807:
777:
767:
759:
749:Igor of Kiev
747:with Prince
719:
717:
686:
680:
656:
638:
633:
627:
620:outside the
599:
592:
551:
549:
525:
506:
502:basileopator
500:
490:
484:
478:
430:
420:
379:
357:
345:
341:
329:
325:
324:
253:
228:(modern-day
203:(modern-day
116:
100:
76:
67:
48:
4056:870s births
4002:(1224–1242)
3996:(1204–1461)
3785:Konstantios
3662:Christopher
3635:Constantine
3625:Michael III
3606:Constantine
3589:Constantine
3571:Theophylact
3500:Philippicus
3450:Constans II
3375:Justinian I
3271:Severus III
3219:Constans II
2973:Claudius II
2949:Silbannacus
2896:Gordian III
2871:Maximinus I
2839:Diadumenian
2589:15 June 948
1307:, died 1050
1160:praipositos
1031:Christopher
929:Chalke Gate
923:devoted to
898:Peloponnese
770:Mesopotamia
536:Constantine
528:Christopher
285:Theophylact
275:Constantine
265:Christopher
167:Co-emperors
143:Predecessor
62:introducing
4061:948 deaths
4050:Categories
3779:Andronikos
3767:Nikephoros
3716:Michael IV
3681:Romanos II
3601:Theophilos
3596:Michael II
3577:Staurakios
3561:Staurakios
3533:Nikephoros
3526:Artabasdos
3438:Heraclonas
3395:Theodosius
3353:Basiliscus
3113:Nepotianus
3106:Magnentius
3100:Constans I
3053:Severus II
3033:Diocletian
2978:Quintillus
2943:Aemilianus
2936:Volusianus
2881:Gordian II
2846:Elagabalus
2709:Principate
2395:PMBZ 23078
2383:PMBZ 23266
2371:PMBZ 28935
2356:PMBZ 23282
2344:PMBZ 27091
2332:PMBZ 26811
2311:PMBZ 22896
2299:PMBZ 26199
2287:PMBZ 23243
2275:PMBZ 28993
2263:PMBZ 22321
2251:PMBZ 22588
2239:PMBZ 30281
2227:PMBZ 22322
2215:PMBZ 29759
2203:PMBZ 30662
2178:PMBZ 22589
2166:PMBZ 29760
2154:PMBZ 30663
2142:PMBZ 23914
2130:PMBZ 24731
2118:PMBZ 25889
2106:PMBZ 22991
2094:PMBZ 30280
2082:PMBZ 23309
2070:PMBZ 28988
2058:PMBZ 26572
2046:PMBZ 24727
2034:PMBZ 28995
2022:PMBZ 30278
2010:PMBZ 22277
1998:PMBZ 25985
1986:PMBZ 28996
1974:PMBZ 22584
1962:PMBZ 29405
1950:PMBZ 30347
1938:PMBZ 28998
1926:PMBZ 22394
1914:PMBZ 28997
1888:PMBZ 29309
1876:PMBZ 24732
1864:PMBZ 27328
1852:PMBZ 28994
1840:PMBZ 27073
1828:PMBZ 29306
1816:PMBZ 23428
1803:PMBZ 28987
1791:PMBZ 29757
1563:2024-08-15
1557:0521061644
1517:References
1397:; no issue
1275:, died 976
1241:Vladimir I
1218:Michael IV
1182:Romanos II
1016:See also:
989:Romanos II
909:Citharizum
855:Christians
814:Belisarius
737:Greek fire
725:Theophanes
566:Theophanes
468:Leo Phokas
457:Leo Phokas
384:) between
306:Macedonian
70:March 2018
45:references
4021:Classical
4006:Empresses
3990:(286–296)
3984:(267–273)
3978:(260–274)
3721:Michael V
3647:Alexander
3460:Heraclius
3428:Heraclius
3380:Justin II
3290:Glycerius
3277:Anthemius
3147:Procopius
3085:Martinian
3064:Maxentius
2993:Florianus
2966:Saloninus
2961:Gallienus
2930:Hostilian
2906:Philip II
2876:Gordian I
2824:Caracalla
2759:Vespasian
2754:Vitellius
2650:(924–945)
2641:(924–945)
2632:(921–931)
2623:(913–959)
2554:Romanus I
2482:(1988) .
1734:(2010) .
1443:magistros
1439:patrikios
1422:, son of
1319:patrikios
1226:Michael V
1156:patrikios
1154:Romanos,
1149:patrikios
1135:Romanos,
1116:magistros
1106:magistros
1095:patrikios
1077:magistros
1043:patrikios
1039:magistros
1018:Lekapenos
927:near the
830:Myrelaion
802:Mandylion
779:mandylion
630:Kosmidion
486:magistros
354:Latinized
346:Lekapēnos
330:Lekapenos
310:Lekapenos
270:Stephanos
187:(924–944)
181:(924–944)
175:(921–931)
155:Successor
4016:Usurpers
4011:Augustae
3969:See also
3874:Nicholas
3696:Basil II
3493:Tiberius
3478:Leontius
3466:Tiberius
3443:Tiberius
3421:610–1453
3416:Eastern/
3370:Justin I
3323:Arcadius
3283:Olybrius
3265:Majorian
3206:Honorius
3185:Eugenius
3120:Vetranio
3070:Licinius
3043:Galerius
3038:Maximian
3023:Dominate
3013:Numerian
2983:Aurelian
2956:Valerian
2901:Philip I
2891:Balbinus
2886:Pupienus
2834:Macrinus
2809:Pertinax
2804:Commodus
2769:Domitian
2734:Claudius
2729:Caligula
2724:Tiberius
2719:Augustus
1611:(1998).
1489:See also
1482:proedros
1410:katepano
1350:Emperor
1341:katepano
1323:katepano
1299:Emperor
1269:Theodora
1256:Novgorod
1252:posadnik
1248:Ostromir
1232:Theodora
1230:Empress
1208:Empress
1198:Emperor
1193:Basil II
1191:Emperor
1180:Emperor
1059:Boris II
1024:Theodora
921:a chapel
917:a shrine
861:(called
789:to King
741:Bithynia
701:Melitene
697:Abbasids
530:in 921,
437:Bulgaria
407:Tephrike
390:Samosata
386:Melitene
242:Theodora
230:Istanbul
4026:Eastern
3926:Matthew
3820:Alexios
3668:Stephen
3630:Basil I
3515:Leo III
3390:Maurice
3333:Marcian
3316:395–610
3240:Joannes
3199:395–480
3153:Gratian
3026:284–610
3008:Carinus
2988:Tacitus
2864:235–285
2784:Hadrian
2614:920–944
2528:Romanus
2521::
2403:Sources
1081:raiktor
1035:augusta
1006:solidus
947:Silver
889:dynatoi
839:Khazars
693:Chaldia
663:Serbian
641:Peter I
532:Stephen
439:on the
403:Basil I
382:Laqabin
301:Dynasty
255:more...
238:Consort
161:(alone)
58:improve
3788:&
3764:&
3671:&
3642:Leo VI
3618:Thekla
3574:&
3541:Leo IV
3463:&
3402:Phocas
3358:Marcus
3343:Leo II
3259:Avitus
3176:Victor
3141:Valens
3131:Jovian
3126:Julian
2998:Probus
2933:&
2913:Decius
2861:Crisis
2779:Trajan
2585:
2582:c. 870
2515:
2492:
2435:
1655:
1621:
1587:
1554:
1466:eunuch
1168:Helena
995:Family
950:follis
900:, and
851:Joseph
810:Trajan
787:Christ
774:Edessa
729:Kievan
667:Magyar
645:Thrace
634:Romans
545:Papacy
508:caesar
497:Helena
441:Danube
376:Origin
366:regent
360:, was
316:Father
292:(ill.)
280:Helena
220:Burial
205:Turkey
201:Lakape
199:c. 870
47:, but
3584:Leo V
3551:Irene
3338:Leo I
3003:Carus
2774:Nerva
2764:Titus
2744:Galba
2696:Roman
2617:with
2587:Died:
2580:Born:
1462:Basil
1065:Roman
1003:Gold
863:Helgu
784:Jesus
653:Maria
427:Samos
334:Greek
290:Basil
249:Issue
133:Reign
3940:(w.
3923:(w.
3871:(w.
3842:John
3839:(w.
3817:(w.
3805:(w.
3776:(w.
3758:(w.
3659:(w.
3632:(w.
3615:(w.
3603:(w.
3586:(w.
3568:(w.
3529:(w.
3490:(w.
3457:(w.
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3392:(w.
3355:(w.
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2963:(w.
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2903:(w.
2836:(w.
2829:Geta
2749:Otho
2739:Nero
2698:and
2490:ISBN
2433:ISBN
1653:ISBN
1619:ISBN
1585:ISBN
1552:ISBN
1424:Doge
1345:doux
1158:and
1079:and
1041:and
964:monk
870:Rome
843:Jews
793:.
560:and
534:and
489:and
388:and
212:Died
196:Born
3761:Leo
3706:Zoe
2952:(?)
2530:".
2461:doi
1716:".
1714:Rus
1305:Zoe
1254:of
1210:Zoe
812:or
356:as
344:or
328:or
4052::
3782:,
3665:,
2459:.
2453:.
2425:.
2362:^
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1667:^
1633:^
1607:;
1536:^
1480:,
1476:,
1472:,
1468:,
1441:,
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1339:,
1335:,
1321:,
1317:,
1250:,
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568:.
556:,
515:.
459:.
372:.
350:c.
348:;
340:,
336::
3946:)
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3877:)
3845:)
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2441:.
1902:.
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1765:.
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308:/
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