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fighter prototype was designed with large radial-lift propellers. These were angled upwards when the craft was on the ground, creating a cyclic variation in the blades' angle of attack or pitch when the craft was moving forwards. This cyclic variation induced a radial lifting component to the blades,
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comprises an arrangement of blades running parallel to a central axis and aligned radially, with the fan partially or fully enclosed in a shaped duct. Due to the specific shaping, rotating the fan causes air to be drawn in at one end of the duct, passed across the fan and expelled at the other end.
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is a lifting rotor which uses this principle. It can both provide forward thrust by expelling air backwards and augment lift, even at very low airspeeds, by also drawing the air downwards. A prototype UAV was flown in 2007.
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in 1872. If the cylinder axis is aligned spanwise (side to side) then forward movement through the air generates lift. The rotating body does not need to be a cylinder and many related shapes have been studied.
122:: a set of horizontal lifting aerofoils rotating around the rim of a supporting horizontal-axis rotor. (May be powered or unpowered.) An aircraft with a cycloidal rotor wing is called a
261:, using the wing as a conventional rotor. The craft would then tilt over to horizontal flight and lift would be provided by cyclic pitch variation of the rotor wings, with the wing tip
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when in the horizontal segment of rotation, which was intended to augment the wing lift. A prototype aircraft was completed but the project was closed before the prototype had flown.
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Self-propelling wing or Radial-lift rotor: a propeller or rotor with the rotation axis angled to the airflow to create a cyclic variation in pitch and hence a radial lift component.
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35:(spanwise). All three classes have been studied for use as lifting rotors and several variations have been flown on full-size aircraft, although only the vertical-axis
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When a spinning body passes through air at right angles to its axis of spin, it experiences a sideways force in the third dimension. This
257:, in which a tipjet-driven rotor wing is located around the fuselage waist. The proposed mode of operation was to land and take off as a
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which spins to provide aerodynamic lift. In general, a rotor may spin about an axis which is aligned substantially either vertically or
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Radial-lift propeller with cyclic pitch control: a propeller capable of generating a sideways lift component.
78:. The various types of such rotor wings may be classified according to the axis of the rotor. Types include:
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Radial-lift rotor: a substantially fore-aft axis rotor which creates lift through cyclic pitch variation.
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Review and
Preliminary Evaluation of Lifting Horizontal-Axis Rotating-Wing Aeronautical Systems (HARWAS)
58:. Others, especially unpowered free-spinning types, require forward airspeed in the same manner as a
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with unpowered rotors providing lift only. There are also various hybrid types, especially the
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The
Flettner rotor comprises a Magnus cylinder with a disc endplate at each end. The American
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Zipfel, Peter H.; "On Flight
Dynamics of Magnus Rotors", Department of the Army, USA, 1970.
126:. Some examples are hybrids comprising a cycloidal rotor around a central Magnus cylinder.
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Many ingenious ways have been devised to convert the spinning of a rotor into aerodynamic
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Wing rotor: an airfoil-section horizontal-axis rotor which creates the primary lift.
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Flettner rotors in place of the main wings and achieved short flights in 1924.
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Conventional rotorcraft have vertical-axis rotors. The main types include the
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which has both a powered rotor and independent forward propulsion, and the
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Thom rotor: a smooth spinning cylinder with multiple discs along the span.
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2012: 28th
International Congress of the Aeronautical Sciences, 2012.
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Magnus rotor: a rotor which creates lift via the Magnus effect.
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Seifert, Jost; "A Review of the Magnus Effect in
Aeronautics",
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Some types provide lift at zero forward airspeed, allowing for
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with powered rotors providing both lift and thrust, and the
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Cross-flow fan: a slatted cylindrical fan in a shaped duct.
110:: a smooth cylindrical Magnus rotor with disc end plates.
66:. Many can also provide forward thrust if required.
194:was first demonstrated on a spinning cylinder by
178:in which the rotor stops spinning to act as a
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87:Conventional rotary wings as used by modern
367:Luftwaffe: Secret Jets of the Third Reich
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350:FanWing - Developments and Applications
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265:now angled to provide forward thrust.
394:Vol. 55, Elsevier, 2012, pages 17–45.
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16:Rotating aerodynamic rotor or wing
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381:Foshag, W.F. and Boehler, G.D.;
268:A few years later the American
392:Progress in Aerospace Sciences
369:, Mortons, 2015, Pages 98-101.
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134:Longitudinal horizontal-axis
52:vertical takeoff and landing
316:Foshag & Boehler (1969)
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152:Conventional rotary wings
39:has become widespread on
387:, Aerophysics Co., 1969.
96:Spanwise horizontal-axis
418:Aircraft configurations
408:Experimental aircraft
249:During World War II
182:in forward flight.
118:Cycloidal rotor or
60:fixed-wing aircraft
245:Radial-lift rotors
54:(VTOL), as in the
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365:Sharp, D.;
270:Vought XF5U
259:tail-sitter
255:Triebflügel
37:rotary wing
402:Categories
297:References
251:Focke-Wulf
218:floatplane
180:fixed wing
164:helicopter
158:Rotorcraft
120:cyclorotor
89:rotorcraft
56:helicopter
45:helicopter
41:rotorcraft
21:rotor wing
302:Citations
124:cyclogyro
280:See also
172:gyrodyne
168:autogyro
64:autogyro
263:ramjets
238:FanWing
70:Types
25:rotor
354:ICAS
236:The
228:The
76:lift
29:wing
27:or
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321:^
309:^
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19:A
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