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synthesised the studies of cognitive and ethno-sciences with symbolic anthropology providing a holistic perspective on classification. Ellen's new approach attempted to bridge the gap between the two contradictory approaches of cultural and cognitive by using a more processual approach and “cross- fertilizing” the two. He engaged both psychological and anthropological ideas to combine the two approaches effectively. He believed that the existing assumptions of cultural uniformity on the ethnographic analysis of categories were not correct, as variation was evident. He used the animal classifications of the Nuaulu people to present his point. His point being that in regards to the classifications of animals made by the Nuaulu people, one must pay attention to different types and contexts of variation. According to Ellen, “In a single body of data there may be variation according to many criteria which are often cross-cutting and reinforce each other irregularly.”(1979: 337) There are various reasons and ways people classify and categorise as a result of both culture construction and the cognitive approach. Ellen states what he believes to be inevitable is the fact that the “products of classifying behavior reflect the immediate social conditions of the situations in which they are used”(1979: 337). In other words, factors such as environment, culture, society and the state in which they exist are heavily influential on the way people classify things.
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social impact of deforestation, inter- island trade and questions the relationship between nature and culture. "Forest
Knowledge, Forest Transformation: Political Contingency, Historical Ecology, and the Renegotiation of Nature in Central Seram”(2008) is one of Ellen's most influential works. He applied a historical perspective to understand the Nuaulu's current relationship with nature. He offered that nature co-evolves with humans. Changes that have accelerated in the last 20 years such as cash cropping and forest extraction have renegotiated the Nuaulu's relationship with nature. “How people conceptualize nature depends on how they use it, how they transform it, and how in doing so they invest knowledge in a different part of it” (2008: 326). He is influenced by
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coevolved in recent global history, and the relationship between folk knowledge and instituted scientific knowledge can be modeled as two interacting and mutually reinforcing streams (Ellen 2006:64)." As seen through many of Ellen's works, the detailed emphasis on the emic view, and the local knowledge are not only the most important but also give agency to the people using that environment. In this case, the Nuaulu, in light of the failure of the forest department to "map" the forest were given recognition of their ecological knowledge and proved that top-down models are not always the most functional or correct.
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knowledge and environmental stress in the context of sustainable development. In response to environmental stress, or instability such as political conflict or economic hazards he found that traditional knowledge enables local populations to cope. Ellen theorised that humans needed to adjust to new conditions, cope with dangers or improve existing conditions through modifications to their behaviour. He found individuals adapt through their economic and social relationships.
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the modern scientific
Christian tradition. In his view nature has become some topological grid dividing the civilised and the uncivilised, which has led to the rejection of the very idea of nature. This view and the different conceptions of nature have given rise to many problems and thus have given ways to assumptions and implications that it is our task to locate and excavate nature (Ellen, 1996).
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factors, and carrying capacity. The effect on the landscape is varied and is due to the degree of human effort that is required. Empirical knowledge of plants and animals and its broad understanding allows them to comfortably co-exist together and gives way to claims of mutual causation that gives rise to a complex notion of nature He includes that although uncut forest is recognised by
722:'hybridisation' was successful is because the Baduy ultimately decided for themselves that the Albizia was an acceptable addition to their traditional swidden farming. This integration was not forced upon or mandated by the government and the "local population could consider the advantages and disadvantages of the introduction and make the decision for themselves (Ellen 2000:14).”
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interconnections are practical implications between social and environmental and can be very important (Ellen, 1993). Dr. Ellen's main view, which is perhaps the most important, is that indigenous knowledge and practices must be understood contextually. Outsiders must begin to separate prejudices about our environment and we must apply formal knowledge to different situations.
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acknowledged. The second is to bring down this trend and be able to identify the minimum number of underlying assumptions in which these conceptions are built so as to alleviate the contrasting points of views about nature and focus on the multi-faceted, but ultimately recognisable idea of nature (Ellen, 1988). Dr. Ellen also uses his extensive experience with the
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The work of Ellen contributed to anthropologist's understanding of the interrelationship between nature and culture and helped anthropology contribute to practical debates that depend on definitions of nature such as sustainable development. He focused on the evolution and transmission of ecological
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whose ways of life are threatened. He had observed that historically the indigenous people have perceived and interacted with the rainforest in many diverse ways. Diversity has been obscured with the process of globalisation and the undertaking of oversimplifying the relationships, which the people
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Ellen proposes ways to deal with the categorical status of nature. The first of which is to acknowledge that any one population may generate their own conceptions of nature, which may be inconsistent and contradictory from one another and some may have no concept of nature whatsoever, but it must be
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of an issue. His work offers a unique synergistic perspective on human cultural evolution and our relationship to the environment. He believes they co-exist but are not static and can change according to circumstances overtime. His findings have informed the studies of subsistence behaviours, the
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Through these two published works of professor Ellen, it is obvious that he covers a wide array of ecological topics as well as political topics in his publishings. He focuses on the indigenous people and their contributions, knowledge and transmission of culture. Like most anthropologists, Ellen is
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and culture. Stating that the conception of nature has varied historically and ethnographically and as a result has become cultural. A popular environmental discourse in which the opposition is drawn between the holistic systemic vision of what is viewed as traditional or tribal and the dualism of
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people in linear, homogenous terms. This proves to be problematic because of the extensive diversity and 'patchiness' of the forest. Through collaboration of folk and scientific classifications Ellen believes that a conclusion can be found, stating that, "Scientific and folk classifications have
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into account and form a judgment based on evidence for that particular situation and not generalisation (Ellen, 1993). Dr. Ellen recognises that individual subsistence techniques differ among particular populations and have different ecological profiles when it comes to energy transfer, limiting
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Ellen is one of the foremost
British anthropologists associated with ethno-biology and has made major contributions to field. Ellen helped renew interest in the study of classification with his book "Categorical impulse: Essays on the Anthropology of classifying behavior”(2008). In the book he
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agriculture, also understand to maintain their traditional way of life they must integrate cash crops to sustain themselves. This case is an example of how through a successful collaboration between local and outside parties can bring about solutions to sustainability problems. The reason this
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Ellen's article "Local and
Scientific Understanding of Forest Diversity on Seram, Eastern Indonesia" published in 2006, is an excellent literary example of the importance and relevance local environmental knowledge has in scientific understanding. The article follows the process of how forest
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as a single entity, it contrasts in different ways with other land types depending on context. The Nuaulu's concept of their environment is not one of space in which they traverse, but more like a series of fixed points to which particular clans and individuals are interconnected. These
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focused on giving locals agency and highlighting areas in which this is and is not occurring. Through his extensive field work in Seram and with the Nuaulu the local environmental knowledge of a culture cannot be denied and is highlighted in many of his works as paramount.
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Ellen, Roy 2008 Forest
Knowledge, Forest Transformation: Political Contingency, Historical Ecology, and the Renegotiation of Nature in Central Seram. In Environmental Anthropology: A Historical Reader. Michael R. Dove and Carol Carpenter eds. pp. 321– 338. Blackwell
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ecological knowledge and practices and collaborations between local and outside knowledge effect and ultimately construct culture and how society functions. This paper will cover some of Ellen's more recent publishing (ranging from 1997 to 2006) in
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Ellen's article "The
Contribution of Paraserianthes (Albizia) falcataria to Sustainable Swidden Management Practices among the Baduy of West Java" published in 2000, the Baduy, which maintain their cultural identity through
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and Leiden and is most known for his extensive fieldwork in East
Indonesia with the Nuaulu people of Seram. Ellen started his fieldwork in the early 1970s and has remained active in the field of
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Ellen, Roy. 1979 Omniscience and
Ignorance: Variation in Nuaulu Knowledge, Identification, and Classification of Animals. In Language in Society. pp. 337– 359. Cambridge University Press
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Ellen, Roy. 2000. “The
Contribution of Paraserianthes (Albizia) falcataria to Sustainable. Swidden Management Practices among the Baduy of West Java.” Human Ecology 28(1): 1–17.
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to draw on as an example to begin identifying and cultivating cultural phenomena, which explores and permits us to the existence of nature as a domain (Ellen, 1993).
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Canterbury: Centre for Social
Anthropology and Computing, University of Kent at Canterbury in co-operation with the Centre of South-East Asian Studies.
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Rhetoric, Practice and Incentive in the Face of the Changing Times: A Case Study in the Nuaulu Attitudes to Conservation and Deforestation
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Ellen, Roy. 2006. “Local and Scientific Understandings of Forest Diversity on Seram, Eastern Indonesia.” Royal Anthropology Institute 1–22
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Ellen has been carrying out ethnobiological fieldwork in eastern Indonesia since the early 1970s, working variously with the
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of the rainforest is always situational and varies and ever-changing depending on the situation at hand (Ellen, 1994).
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Ellen, Roy and Katsuyoshi Fukui, eds. 1996 Redefining Nature: Ecology, Culture and Domestication. Berg publishers
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On the edge of the Banda zone: past and present in the social organisation of a Moluccan trading network.
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He also emphasises the indigenous knowledge of the rainforest in preserving the identity and culture of
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among others. One of Ellen's strengths is his ability to connect themes and theories to create a more
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The cultural relations of classification: an analysis of Nuaulu animal categories from central Seram.
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Nuaulu settlement and ecology. The environmental relations of an eastern Indonesian community.
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Nuaulu religious practices: the frequency and reproduction of rituals in a Moluccan society.
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Association of Social Anthropologists Research Methods Series No.1. London: Academic Press.
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including cultural ecology contributing to the knowledge base of ethno-biology, and
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and Ambon-Lease; plus some addition fieldwork into the social impacts of logging at
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Environment, subsistence and system: the ecology of small-scale social formations.
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Malinowski between two worlds: the Polish roots of an anthropological tradition.
896:. Association of Social Anthropologists Monograph No.18. London: Academic Press.
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departments try to understand and label the forested territory surrounding the
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Presidents of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
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University of Kent (2003) "Kent academic elected to the British Academy" Newa
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Indigenous environmental knowledge and its transformations. Amsterdam: Harwood
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The categorical impulse: essays in the anthropology of classifying behaviour.
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Fellows of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
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Ellen's research helps understand the ways in which culture and nature are
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Ellen is a professor of environmental anthropology and ethnobiology at the
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have established with the forest. He implores conservationists to take
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describes him, his work, and his contribution to society as follows:
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629:(with whom he did his doctoral dissertation); on the islands of
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Council of the Royal Anthropological Institute, September 2007
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Council of the Royal Anthropological Institute, September 2007
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from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
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Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
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Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
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2004-2006 President, Anthropology and Archaeology Section,
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Ellen, Roy. 2008 The Categorical Impulse. Berghahn Books
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University of Kent's webpage for "Professor Roy Ellen"
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University of Kent's webpage for "Professor Roy Ellen"
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Understanding witchcraft and sorcery in Southeast Asia
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Redefining nature: ecology, culture and domestication
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ELLEN, Roy; PARKES, P; & BICKER, A (Eds) (2000)
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908:Ethnographic research: a guide to general conduct.
859:Nuaulu ethnozoology : a systematic inventory.
803:British Association for the Advancement of Science
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892:ELLEN, Roy & BURNHAM, P.H (Eds) (1979)
854:Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
1034:. The Times. 8 January 2004. Archived from
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913:ELLEN, Roy, Gellner, E. et al. (Ed) (1988)
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56:about living persons that is unsourced or
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942:Ethnobiology and the science of humankind
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
927:ELLEN, Roy & FUKUI, K. (Eds) (1996)
901:Classifications in their social context.
899:ELLEN, Roy & REASON, D (Eds) (1979)
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924:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press
917:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
847:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
541:(born 1947) is a British professor of
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868:Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press
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1087:PODGER, Corrine (13 September 1999)
734:Ellen has influenced many fields of
692:Ellen focuses on the importance of
840:No.83 Martinus Nijhoff: The Hague.
16:British anthropologist (born 1947)
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832:Ellen's published books include:
649:Ellen tackled the debate between
599:"His work is at the forefront of
576:through publishing, teaching and
553:and the cultural transmission of
180:Ethnobiology of Eastern Indonesia
1272:Traditional ecological knowledge
1050:"Indiana University Bloomington"
954:Cultural Ecology. Website. 1998.
562:University of Kent at Canterbury
549:, with a particular interest in
396:Cybernetic Culture Research Unit
210:University of Kent at Canterbury
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480:Science, technology and society
1412:Fellows of the British Academy
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894:Social and ecological systems
730:Contributions to anthropology
34:biography of a living person
1353:List of paleoethnobotanists
1005:The British Academy (2003)
823:Brief bibliography of works
783:2001 Elected Fellow of the
154:1947 (age 76–77)
61:must be removed immediately
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1007:The British Academy Review
795:2003-2006 Vice-President,
740:environmental anthropology
574:environmental anthropology
570:London School of Economics
425:Environmental anthropology
200:Environmental Anthropology
167:London School of Economics
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1343:Constantino Manuel Torres
785:Linnean Society of London
555:ethnobiological knowledge
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1427:Leiden University alumni
701:, Eastern Indonesia and
1397:English anthropologists
1286:Notable ethnobiologists
1252:Ethnopsychopharmacology
1237:Ecological anthropology
1110:Retrieved 21 April 2008
1102:Retrieved 21 April 2008
1094:Retrieved 21 April 2008
1082:Retrieved 21 April 2008
1074:Retrieved 21 April 2008
940:ELLEN, Roy (Ed) (2006)
906:ELLEN, Roy (Ed) (1984)
789:2003 Elected Fellow of
601:ecological anthropology
420:Ecological anthropology
235:science, and technology
233:Anthropology of nature,
1338:Richard Evans Schultes
1153:Primary subdisciplines
903:London: Academic Press
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48:Please help by adding
1009:Issue 7. Page 11. PDF
807:2007-2009 President,
753:energy capture theory
633:, Gorom, Seram Laut,
617:Primary research area
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495:cultural anthropology
254:Nature–culture divide
1184:Other subdisciplines
682:Indigenous knowledge
672:indigenous knowledge
415:Digital anthropology
54:Contentious material
1318:Robin Wall Kimmerer
878:ELLEN, Roy (2012)
871:ELLEN, Roy (2006)
588:The British Academy
410:Cyborg anthropology
282:Benjamin H. Bratton
226:Part of a series on
1257:Historical ecology
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857:ELLEN, Roy (1993)
850:ELLEN, Roy (1993)
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819:Ellen is married.
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623:Nuaulu people
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564:. He studied
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78: –
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72:Find sources:
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21:
20:
1348:Nancy Turner
1312:
1298:Brent Berlin
1175:Ethnoecology
1170:Ethnozoology
1146:Ethnobiology
1088:
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1036:the original
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778:Distinctions
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761:
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749:Leslie White
736:anthropology
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566:anthropology
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551:ethnobiology
543:anthropology
531:
530:
475:Rave culture
459:
429:
394:
379:
362:Leslie White
352:Paul Virilio
327:Bruno Latour
296:
277:Ray Brassier
225:
206:Institutions
196:Ethnobiology
185:
138:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
60:
43:verification
36:
1402:1947 births
1160:Ethnobotany
1091:. BBC News.
1032:"Academics"
764:synergistic
440:Hari Kunzru
347:Sadie Plant
302:Mark Fisher
76:"Roy Ellen"
1386:Categories
1308:Wade Davis
978:References
958:publishing
703:West Java.
694:indigenous
590:in a 2003
582:indigenous
445:Hypermedia
357:Mike Wesch
337:Ted Nelson
317:Mizuko Ito
87:newspapers
1313:Roy Ellen
605:Indonesia
450:Hypertext
405:Cybertext
322:Nick Land
297:Roy Ellen
39:citations
1366:Category
631:Sulawesi
584:people.
117:May 2022
65:libelous
1371:Project
719:swidden
607:and in
568:at the
157:England
101:scholar
710:Nuaulu
677:Nuaulu
660:Nuaulu
651:nature
639:Brunei
609:Brunei
592:Review
491:Social
465:(1981)
435:(2011)
399:(CCRU)
385:(2009)
192:Fields
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
699:Seram
635:Banda
627:Seram
108:JSTOR
94:books
32:This
545:and
539:FRAI
493:and
151:Born
80:news
41:for
751:'s
625:of
536:FBA
1388::
986:^
557:.
534:,
198:,
169:,
52:.
1138:e
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1124:v
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520:e
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124:(
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115:(
105:·
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67:.
46:.
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