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150:, a pro-Union paramilitary organization that he intended to arm with the arsenal's supplies and muster into the ranks of the federal army. Upon obtaining command of the arsenal, Lyon armed the Wide Awake units under guise of night. Lyon had most of the weapons in the arsenal secretly moved across the river to
194:
was a Union Army military encampment established during the war at the present site of the St. Louis
Fairground Park. After the Battle of Lexington, the Post and Convalescent Hospitals were added to the training barracks, in order to assist in treating hundreds of incoming wounded troops. Eventually,
183:
During the Civil War, St. Louis stayed under Union control because of the strong military base and public support from loyal
Germans. The largest percentage of volunteers served in the Union army, though many also went south to fight for the Confederacy. Some people who stayed in the city during the
187:
No major battles were fought in or near the city, but the
Mississippi River was a vital highway during the war. Divided loyalties to the Union and Confederacy caused rifts in some families in St. Louis. This divide remained consistent throughout the entirety of the war. Though many believed in the
174:
The division of loyalties between Union and
Confederacy resulted in further loss of life on May 11, 1861. Union soldiers of the Fifth Regiment, United States Reserve Corps, Missouri Volunteers were attacked by Confederate sympathizers within hours of being mustered into service. The regiment was
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marching from the federal arsenal when it was attacked on the corner of Walnut and
Broadway. Shots were exchanged, and six persons were killed. The Fifth Regiment consisted primarily of loyal Germans, having been recruited from the city's Tenth Ward.
64:
and
Mississippi Rivers, St. Louis was a major port and commercial center with a rapidly growing industrial base. The population reached 160,000 in 1860 and consisted mostly of recent immigrants, especially Catholic
145:
Lyon allegedly disguised himself as a farm woman to spy on the militia camp and confirmed the presence of artillery stolen from a federal arsenal. Lyon himself had been extensively involved in the St. Louis
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in St. Louis if the state seceded and that the Union had insufficient defensive forces to prevent its capture. He attempted to strengthen the defenses, but came into opposition with his superiors, including
142:, Missouri was asked to supply four regiments. Governor Jackson refused the request and ordered the Missouri militia to muster outside St. Louis under the stated purpose of training for home defense.
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154:, and on May 10, he led the 2nd Infantry to the camp, forcing its surrender. Riots broke out in St. Louis after Lyon marched his prisoners through the city. The event provoked the
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cause of abolition, others were concerned about the economic response and potential destruction of critical infrastructure in the blossoming city.
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The only major city west of the
Mississippi River in the geographic center of the country, St. Louis had also emerged as the gateway to the new
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and as the westernmost terminus of many early efforts to construct transcontinental lines of transportation and communication.
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of May 10, 1861, in which Lyons' troops opened fire on a crowd of civilians, killing 28 and injuring at least 90. The
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219:(AMA) set up schools for the children. They were also assisted by political organizations of St. Louis'
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84:. It had long served as the starting point for voyages of exploration and emigration into the unsettled
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war and supported the South smuggled supplies, medicine, and otherwise assisted
Confederate soldiers.
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was a strong
Southern sympathizer. Lyon was concerned that Jackson meant to seize the federal
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Thousands of black refugees poured into St. Louis, where the
Freedmen's Relief Society, the
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to have himself named commander of the arsenal. When the Civil War broke out and President
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Annual Report of the Adjutant General of Missouri, For the Year ending December 31, 1865
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polarized the population of Missouri, leading many once-neutral citizens to advocate
73:. Early Union volunteer regiments in St. Louis were composed largely of the dominant
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community, such as the Equal Rights League. Returning black Union soldiers like
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40:, St. Louis was a major launching point and supply depot for campaigns in the
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and setting the stage for sustained violence between the opposing factions.
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Intensely Human: The Health of the Black Soldier in the American Civil War
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Intensely Human: The Health of the Black Soldier in the American Civil War
263:
151:
309:
Lawrence O. Christensen, "Black Education in Civil War St. Louis,"
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of Missouri and the most important economic hub on the upper
323:
Nina Mjagkij, "Organizing Black America", Routledge, 2013
470:
Articles related to St. Louis in the American Civil War
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the Benton Barracks Hospital, under the direction of
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arrived in St. Louis in command of Company B of the
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forces. As the largest city in the fiercely divided
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A Divided City: a History of St. Louis 1851 to 1876
461:Office of the Adjutant General (1866) p. 79
439:A History of Missouri: Volume III, 1860 to 1875
341:The Story of a Border City During the Civil War
255:The Story of a Border City During the Civil War
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313:, April 2001, Vol. 95 Issue 3, pp 302-316
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1293:U.S. cities in the American Civil War
24:, holding significant value for both
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452:The Union Cause in St. Louis in 1861
130:. Lyon employed his friendship with
20:was a strategic location during the
1288:Missouri in the American Civil War
724:Missouri in the American Civil War
138:called for troops to put down the
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231:were instrumental in setting up
217:American Missionary Association
56:Located at the junction of the
361:. University Press of Kansas.
1:
411:Humphreys, Margaret (2010).
384:Hodes, Frederick A. (2015).
277:Humphreys, Margaret (2010).
790:Price's Missouri Expedition
437:Parrish, William E. (2001)
213:Western Sanitary Commission
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388:. Bluebird Publishing Co.
357:Gerteis, Louis S. (2001).
344:. Little, Brown & Co.
338:Anderson, Galshua (1908).
311:Missouri Historical Review
258:. Little, Brown & Co.
252:Anderson, Galshua (1908).
108:U.S. 2nd Infantry Regiment
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46:Trans-Mississippi Theaters
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209:Ladies Union Aid Society
748:Harney–Price Convention
743:Capture of Camp Jackson
508:U.S. Cities during the
197:Emily Elizabeth Parsons
102:In March 1861, Captain
128:Department of the West
828:Battle of Dug Springs
589:Romney, West Virginia
235:after the Civil War.
112:Claiborne Fox Jackson
450:Rombauer, R. (1909)
132:Francis P. Blair Jr.
359:Civil War St. Louis
225:James Milton Turner
160:Camp Jackson Affair
156:Camp Jackson Affair
98:Camp Jackson Affair
92:Camp Jackson Affair
853:Blue Mills Landing
510:American Civil War
233:Lincoln University
22:American Civil War
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878:Mount Zion Church
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124:William S. Harney
121:Brigadier General
82:American frontier
75:German immigrants
38:Mississippi River
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1226:General Order 11
1206:Confederate Home
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1116:Thomas Ewing Jr.
1111:Samuel R. Curtis
1095:Joseph O. Shelby
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1006:2nd Independence
914:1st Independence
873:Blackwater Creek
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1165:Island Mound
1061:
1026:2nd Newtonia
934:Clark's Mill
929:Island Mound
924:1st Newtonia
904:Moore's Mill
593:
551:Philadelphia
541:Indianapolis
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34:border state
16:The city of
15:
1078:Confederate
1040:Involvement
1001:Little Blue
965:Chalk Bluff
764:Confederacy
647:New Orleans
627:Chattanooga
609:Confederacy
148:Wide Awakes
140:Confederacy
30:Confederate
1282:Categories
1199:Cemeteries
909:Kirksville
899:New Madrid
757:Combatants
682:Wilmington
677:Winchester
652:Petersburg
622:Charleston
584:Louisville
556:Pittsburgh
536:Harrisburg
526:Cincinnati
368:070061124X
332:References
221:free black
215:, and the
52:Background
1174:Newtonia
1170:Lexington
1143:memorials
1134:Aftermath
1062:St. Louis
1052:Centralia
955:Hartville
919:Lone Jack
818:Cole Camp
813:Boonville
778:Campaigns
672:Vicksburg
642:Nashville
594:St. Louis
579:Lexington
574:Baltimore
531:Cleveland
431:123119702
404:933251068
297:123119702
179:Civil War
164:secession
18:St. Louis
1249:Category
1155:Carthage
1016:Westport
1011:Big Blue
823:Carthage
657:Richmond
632:Columbia
377:46343524
203:Refugees
152:Illinois
62:Illinois
58:Missouri
1260:Commons
1071:Leaders
1057:Osceola
991:Glasgow
986:Sedalia
868:Belmont
799:Battles
731:Origins
617:Atlanta
126:of the
116:arsenal
42:Western
1150:Athens
833:Athens
637:Mobile
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350:558324
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264:558324
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211:, the
1104:Union
769:Union
667:Selma
518:Union
239:Notes
26:Union
974:1864
943:1863
887:1862
806:1861
442:ISBN
427:OCLC
417:ISBN
400:OCLC
390:ISBN
373:OCLC
363:ISBN
346:OCLC
293:OCLC
283:ISBN
260:OCLC
227:and
86:West
69:and
44:and
28:and
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