633:
336:
645:
657:
672:
1637:
535:
31:
440:
2026:
691:
410:(in the present-day Netherlands), where leaning or sagging of the tower (now 62 metres but designed for ca. 130) could wreck the church. This concern led to fully separate edifices, a solution also applied in Mechelen. At both places, in the early 16th century the upper part of the tower was abandoned, not for technical but for financial reasons. St-Rumbold's should have been topped by a 77-metre
2014:
799:
around 1000, an adjacent collegiate church was built and its parish title was handed to the chapter in 1134. Most likely on its spot, already from around the next turn of the century onwards the well known St. Rumbold's Church was built, consecrated in 1312, and promoted to cathedral in 1559. This
698:
The cathedral has two organs. The main organ on the reverse side of the west facade was built in 1957 by organ builder
Stevens. On the reverse of the side facade is a smaller organ, installed there in 1919 by the same organ builder Stevens. This instrument has 30 stops on two manual keyboards and
430:
of ground and tower, there was talk of completing the entire spire from the original drawings. In 2010, prior to the construction of an underground car park at Saint
Rumbold's north side, 4,165 skeletons were unearthed during archeological excavations of the cemetery.
393:
has measured 161 metres since the 19th century), the very heavy St. Rumbold's tower was built on what had once been wetlands, though with foundations only three metres deep its site appears to have been well-chosen. After a few years, in 1454, its chief architect
1489:
deze plaat herinnert aan het bezoek van Paus
Johannes Paulus II aan Mechelen, in 1985, nét op zijn 65ste verjaardag. Hij sprak toen de 'gevleugelde woorden' uit over de Grote Markt: '...Mechelaars, uw toren is niet
426:'s surrounding ornament of sculpted cabbage leaves, that had been an inspiration for numerous Brabantine Gothic churches, was replaced with a double ring of crops. In 2005, after engineers had figured out the
498:. The Mechlinians are said to have had ancestors running up their great Tower and passing on buckets of water to extinguish a blazing fire behind the perpendicular windows, where it turned out to be mere
522:, which strikes the hours and weighs 8 tons. Up to 1923, the cathedral had 18 bell ringers prior to electricity taking over. Thirty-nine steps above this instrument, there is a second complete
791:, higher grounds a little outside the later city walls of Mechelen. A 9th century St. Rumbold's Chapel in the city centre stood till 1580, was rebuilt in 1597 and demolished in 1798. After
753:
1126:
389:
was erected, financed by pilgrims and later by its proprietor, the city. Designed to reach 600 Mechlinian feet or about 167 metres, higher than any church tower would ever attain (
1557:
1591:
60:
868:
414:
but only seven metres of this were built, hence the unusual shape. A deliberately weak connection closed the gap between tower and church upon finishing the construction.
304:
nearby. His remains are rumoured to be buried inside the cathedral. State-of-the-art examination of the relics honoured as Saint
Rumbold's and kept in a shrine in the
139:
848:
4242. Maan – suchtigen Brand – sticht of
Mechelsche beroerte. Bly-eyndend Treur-spel op St.-Rombouts Tooren den 27 january 1687, in volle maen, in-8°. met platen. V.
374:
managed repairs and continued this second phase, which by the time of his death in 1375 formed the prototype for that High Gothic style. His successors finished the
1316:
584:
580:
278:
2076:
1187:
1682:
1023:
829:
The full moon of 27 January 1687 caused all the stir about the presumed tower fire, reported as a 'happy-ending tragedy'. According to an 1808 sale's list
1427:
813:
518:
and only the largest bells swing, which are still in working order. The weights of the bells range from 16 kg to the most notable bell; the bourdon
43:
632:
925:
1268:(in Dutch). Rijksdienst voor de Monumentenzorg, Zeist / Waanders Uitgevers, Zwolle, the Netherlands (2003) (republished © 2010 dbnl.org). p. 276
1784:
1550:
1213:
2071:
1713:
1958:
1404:
1026:(in Dutch). Persdienst Aartsbisdom (Archbishopric Press Service), Mechelen / Vrienden van de Sint-Romboutskathedraal vzw. 2010. Archived from
1058:
1077:(in Dutch). Torens aan de Dijle vzw (Cooperation between representatives of 8 historical churches at Mechelen, and the City). Archived from
820:. The now obsolete local foot came to 27.8 centimetres, roughly an inch shorter than the 30.48-cm long current British and American measure.
1698:
1583:
1133:
1769:
1543:
716:
644:
1659:
1616:
888:
indicate portraying the Black
Madonna painting in the cathedral; details of painting and its frame decoration however, are dissimilar.
712:
459:
of the cathedral's tower is easily recognizable and dominates the surroundings. For centuries it held the city documents, served as a
1074:
1963:
1626:
1611:
1596:
592:
1672:
1601:
902:
562:
109:
865:
783:
The abbey founded by St. Rumbold in the 6th, 7th or 8th century and a 9th century St. Rumbold's abbey church subordinate to the
2051:
1968:
1703:
1651:
1621:
1606:
1575:
1723:
1408:
1287:
319:
2061:
1902:
1718:
1511:
1458:
1320:
656:
565:, few original movables survive. Forty preciously decorated Gothic altars and all other furniture disappeared during the
1912:
784:
748:
102:
809:
The original designer of St. Rumbold's tower may have been Jan II Keldermans, Andries I Keldermans, or Wouter
Coolman.
1368:
1708:
1342:
671:
1024:"Lezing over Sint-Rombout in Mechelen – Sint-Rombout: waarheid of legende? (Presentation for a 20 May 2010 lecture)"
1802:
1759:
1566:
550:
1430:(in Dutch). 'Sint-Romboutstoren': Toerisme Mechelen/Torenbalie/Stedelijke Musea Mechelen, Mechelen. Archived from
1190:(in Dutch). 'Sint-Romboutstoren': Toerisme Mechelen/Torenbalie/Stedelijke Musea Mechelen, Mechelen. Archived from
860:
The small painted shields at St. Rumbold's should not be confused with the armour remnants in the Large Church of
1807:
1191:
308:, showed a life span of about 40 years and a death date between 580 and 655, while tradition had claimed 775 AD.
1027:
1677:
588:
546:
The main entrance, underneath the tower, leads into the nave of the cathedral (approximately 118 metres long).
488:
399:
245:
1636:
1431:
1261:
Stenvert, Ronald; van Ginkel-Meester, Saskia; Stades-Vischer, Elisabeth; Kolman, Chris; van
Cruyningen, Piet.
810:
335:
864:
where (as in the
Knights Hall there) the earliest Thirty Knights of the Golden Fleece had convened in 1456. (
1738:
708:
55:
1872:
1774:
423:
1217:
1993:
1216:. 'Sint-Romboutstoren': Toerisme Mechelen/Torenbalie/Stedelijke Musea Mechelen, Mechelen. Archived from
1165:
67:
1415:
2066:
1907:
1400:
1262:
885:
678:
603:
566:
464:
375:
356:
1998:
554:
484:
480:
315:
221:
205:
948:
322:
site, in recognition of its architecture and its importance in civic duties such as a watchtower.
2056:
2018:
1512:"Mechelen Stad met een gezicht, mythes, een toren, z'n beiaard, z'n slechtvalken, een kathedraal
796:
476:
289:
1728:
792:
1983:
1852:
1832:
1743:
1054:
832:
728:
515:
395:
360:
340:
1290:(in Dutch). Christophe Netels (active e.g. at Mechelen's magazine Nieuwe Maan. Archived from
610:(with twenty-five paintings illustrating the life of Saint Rumbold), as well as paintings by
1922:
1897:
1857:
1847:
1822:
1664:
837:
Catalogue des livres de la bibliothèque de feu monsieur Gaspar-Joseph de
Servais (in French)
611:
558:
427:
1319:(in Dutch). RKKerk, blad voor Katholiek Nederland, Netherlands. 9 June 2005. Archived from
1942:
1927:
1917:
1892:
1867:
1462:
1078:
872:
817:
619:
615:
607:
352:
270:
1476:
1149:
Sint-Romboutskathedraal in Mechelen, koorsluiting vanaf 1335, wellicht door Jean d'Oisy (
970:
2030:
1978:
1937:
1932:
1862:
1797:
1792:
732:
534:
371:
262:
30:
2045:
1842:
1837:
662:
623:
364:
1240:"Sint-Lievensmonstertoren (Sint-Liviniustoren of Dikke Toren) Kerkplein (Zierikzee)"
1887:
1827:
1817:
1812:
758:
575:
439:
368:
348:
77:
1291:
690:
463:, and could sound the fire alarm. Despite its characteristic incompleteness, this
1988:
1877:
1532:(Chapters with topic pages related to St. Rumbold, the cathedral, and the Tower)
1514:(City with a face, myths, a tower, its carillon, its peregrines, a cathedral...)
1455:
390:
305:
2013:
1049:
Mark van Strydonck; Anton Ervynck; Marit Vandenbruaene; Mathieu Boudin (2006).
422:
The church has functioned as a cathedral since 1559. In the 18th century, each
1882:
1519:
1242:(in Dutch). Nederlands Architectuurinstituut (NAI), Rotterdam, the Netherlands
997:
570:
460:
456:
293:
1535:
154:
141:
124:
111:
1764:
861:
764:
499:
407:
281:
1416:
whc.unesco.org: ID 943 016 St. Rumbolds Tower
1376:
1346:
736:
523:
495:
472:
448:
347:
Construction of the church itself started shortly after 1200, and it was
285:
234:
95:
48:
1407:; rather misleadingly categorized with other kinds of bell-towers under
1239:
1132:(in Dutch). WES vzw. Study ordered by City of Lier. 2009. Archived from
928:(in Dutch). Dagelijks Evangelie service ©Evangelizo.org, the Netherlands
1973:
599:
468:
444:
1505:
1397:
312:
297:
1100:
1107:. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
467:
is 97.28 metres high and its 514 steps are mounted by thousands of
689:
622:
windows, including one depicting – though with a white face – the
533:
438:
411:
386:
334:
301:
898:
379:
1539:
1004:(in Dutch). Vlaams Instituut voor het Onroerend Erfgoed (VIOE)
343:, with the headline: TVRRIS ELEGANTISSIMÆ S. RVMOLDI MECHLINIÆ
1168:(in Dutch). Stedentips voor Trips, Netherlands. 15 April 2011
351:
in 1312, when part had become usable. From 1324 onwards the
992:
990:
988:
905:, which John Paul II granted the title of basilica in 1987.
591:
of pillaging by rampant mercenaries in the service of the
311:
In 1999, the tower of the cathedral was inscribed on the
754:
List of tallest structures built before the 20th century
739:
player, heard him state: "Your tower is not complete."
526:
on which concerts are played during the summer months.
494:
Many of the region's cities have a nickname for their
1518:(in Dutch). Christophe Netels -->. Archived from
1151:
ambulatory from 1335 onwards, probably by Jean d'Oisy
707:
St. Rumbold's was the venue for the 2008 wedding of
1951:
1783:
1752:
1691:
1644:
1582:
1127:"Strategisch beleidsplan voor het toerisme in Lier"
549:Apart from small heraldic shields, dating from the
240:
230:
220:
212:
203:
191:
183:
175:
170:
101:
91:
86:
76:
66:
54:
42:
37:
23:
339:A 167 m finished tower design engraved in 1649 by
1714:Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula, Brussels
553:chapter meetings presided in the church by young
1166:"Gotische bouwkunst – Het gotische bouwprincipe"
569:. Though the cathedral was spared in the 1566
443:Unhindered view of the distant horizon (up to
1551:
884:The texts above and below the Madonna in the
735:at St. Rumbold's. Jo Haazen, then the city's
573:, Mechelen was sacked in the 1572 three-days
8:
1428:"Sint-Romboutstoren Mechelen — Torenweetjes"
1345:(in Dutch). City of Mechelen. Archived from
1317:"Mechelen droomt van extreem hoge kerktoren"
901:visit of Mechelen in 1985 included also the
1683:Ordinariate for foreign students in Belgium
947:Dries van den Akker s.j. (10 August 2010).
538:St. Rumbold's Cathedral towering above the
502:through sprightly clouds, hence are called
1558:
1544:
1536:
451:) is possible since 2009 from the Skywalk.
279:Roman Catholic metropolitan archiepiscopal
29:
20:
385:During the final phase of 1452–1520, the
382:by 1437, and those of the choir by 1451.
1002:De Inventaris van het Bouwkundig Erfgoed
926:"H. Rumoldus van Mechelen (gedachtenis)"
787:are assumed to have been located in the
579:by slaughtering troops under command of
1214:"Sint-Romboutstoren Mechelen — History"
917:
776:
628:
471:every year, following the footsteps of
68:Ecclesiastical or organizational status
1964:List of Catholic seminaries in Belgium
1311:
1309:
1188:"Sint-Romboutstoren – De architectuur"
713:Archduchess Marie-Christine of Austria
239:
229:
219:
211:
202:
7:
2077:Roman Catholic cathedrals in Belgium
1699:List of Catholic churches in Belgium
800:edifice never belonged to the abbey.
1760:List of Catholic schools in Belgium
717:Princess Marie-Astrid of Luxembourg
694:The Gallery Organ, built by Stevens
551:Thirty Knights of the Golden Fleece
367:. After the city fire of 1342, the
1375:. City of Mechelen. Archived from
1263:"Monumenten in Nederland. Zeeland"
831:Servais, Gaspar Joseph de (1808).
14:
1734:St. Rumbold's Cathedral, Mechelen
1456:www.kerkmechelen.be Sint-Rombouts
1053:(in Dutch). Davidsfonds, Leuven.
795:'s founding of the St. Rumbold's
761:, cathedral organist 1923 to 1986
2024:
2012:
1770:Université catholique de Louvain
1709:St. Salvator's Cathedral, Bruges
1635:
1592:Archdiocese of Mechelen–Brussels
1288:"Den toren staat op koeievellen"
1101:"Belfries of Belgium and France"
709:Count Rodolphe de Limburg Stirum
670:
655:
643:
631:
561:was still under guardianship of
1969:Apostolic Nunciature to Belgium
1652:Military Ordinariate of Belgium
1576:Episcopal Conference of Belgium
1475:Smets, Jan (21 November 2008).
998:"Sint-Romboutskerk (ID: 74569)"
811:(Source retrieved 25 July 2011)
727:In 1985, on his 65th birthday,
567:religious troubles of 1566–1585
363:characteristics, distinct from
41:
2072:Gothic architecture in Belgium
1765:Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
1724:St. Quentin Cathedral, Hasselt
1704:Cathedral of Our Lady, Antwerp
1075:"De relieken van Sint-Rombout"
903:Church of Our Lady of Hanswijk
320:Belfries of Belgium and France
216:Belfries of Belgium and France
16:Cathedral in Mechelen, Belgium
1:
1673:Ancient Diocese of Thérouanne
650:Tomb of Cardinal de Granvelle
406:as it is called in Dutch) in
1105:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
749:List of carillons in Belgium
400:Saint Livinus' Monster Tower
195:97 metres (318 ft) =
1739:St Aubin's Cathedral, Namur
767:, choir master 1507 to 1509
2093:
1903:St. Andrew's Abbey, Bruges
1803:Bethlehem Abbey, Bonheiden
1719:St Bavo's Cathedral, Ghent
1567:Catholic Church in Belgium
618:and Michiel Vervoort, and
206:UNESCO World Heritage Site
2007:
1959:List of saints of Belgium
1913:St. Trudo's Abbey, Bruges
1808:Bois-Seigneur-Isaac Abbey
1633:
1573:
1477:"Sint-Romboutskathedraal"
1465:(incl. a few photographs)
871:28 September 2011 at the
252:
199:
28:
1678:Diocese of Eupen-Malmedy
1461:23 December 2005 at the
951:(in Dutch). heiligen.net
626:painting in the church.
598:The interior features a
506:('Moon Extinguishers').
288:, Belgium, dedicated to
275:Cathédrale Saint-Rombaut
1506:Mechelen Cathedral site
1405:list of sites in Europe
1051:Relieken, echt of vals?
973:. Catholic Online. 2011
875:retrieved 31 July 2011)
703:Events at the cathedral
465:World Heritage monument
404:St.-Lievensmonstertoren
267:Sint-Romboutskathedraal
259:St. Rumbold's Cathedral
24:St. Rumbold's Cathedral
2052:Bell towers in Belgium
2019:Catholicism portal
1873:Monasterium Magnificat
1343:"Sint-Romboutskerkhof"
949:"Fredegand van Deurne"
695:
559:Burgundian inheritance
543:
514:The tower contains 49
452:
344:
274:
266:
103:Geographic coordinates
1994:Our Lady of Beauraing
1412:of Belgium and France
816:18 March 2018 at the
693:
537:
442:
338:
2062:Churches in Mechelen
1369:"St Rumbold's Tower"
1030:on 27 September 2011
793:Prince-Bishop Notger
638:Interior of the nave
396:Andries I Keldermans
155:51.02889°N 4.47833°E
125:51.02889°N 4.47833°E
1999:Our Lady of Banneux
1775:Université de Namur
851:(in outdated Dutch)
587:, and suffered the
555:Philip the Handsome
359:structure acquired
316:World Heritage List
151: /
121: /
2031:Belgium portal
1627:Diocese of Tournai
1612:Diocese of Hasselt
1597:Diocese of Antwerp
696:
544:
453:
345:
2039:
2038:
1984:CICM Missionaries
1908:St. Sixtus' Abbey
1853:Keizersberg Abbey
1833:Dendermonde Abbey
1744:Tournai Cathedral
1602:Diocese of Bruges
1379:on 12 August 2011
1060:978-90-5826-420-6
729:Pope John Paul II
361:Brabantine Gothic
353:flying buttresses
341:Wenceslaus Hollar
256:
255:
160:51.02889; 4.47833
130:51.02889; 4.47833
61:Mechelen–Brussels
2084:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2017:
2016:
1923:Soleilmont Abbey
1898:Roosenberg Abbey
1858:Klaarland Priory
1848:Grimbergen Abbey
1823:Chevetogne Abbey
1639:
1622:Diocese of Namur
1617:Diocese of Liège
1607:Diocese of Ghent
1560:
1553:
1546:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1522:on 19 April 2011
1493:
1492:
1486:
1484:
1472:
1466:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1434:on 18 March 2018
1424:
1418:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1373:Tourism Mechelen
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1313:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1294:on 28 March 2012
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1267:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1220:on 28 March 2012
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1194:on 28 March 2012
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1146:
1144:
1139:on 15 March 2012
1138:
1131:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1081:on 26 March 2012
1071:
1065:
1064:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
994:
983:
982:
980:
978:
967:
961:
960:
958:
956:
944:
938:
937:
935:
933:
922:
906:
895:
889:
882:
876:
858:
852:
850:
845:
843:
827:
821:
807:
801:
785:bishops of Liège
781:
674:
659:
647:
635:
614:, sculptures by
612:Anthony van Dyck
455:The flat-topped
428:support capacity
398:constructed the
226:Cultural: ii, iv
166:
165:
163:
162:
161:
156:
152:
149:
148:
147:
144:
136:
135:
133:
132:
131:
126:
122:
119:
118:
117:
114:
78:Year consecrated
33:
21:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2011:
2003:
1947:
1943:Westmalle Abbey
1928:Ten Putte Abbey
1918:Scourmont Abbey
1893:Rochefort Abbey
1868:Maredsous Abbey
1779:
1748:
1729:Liège Cathedral
1687:
1640:
1631:
1578:
1569:
1564:
1525:
1523:
1510:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1482:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1463:Wayback Machine
1452:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1380:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1349:on 11 July 2015
1341:
1340:
1336:
1326:
1324:
1323:on 25 June 2007
1315:
1314:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1061:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1007:
1005:
996:
995:
986:
976:
974:
969:
968:
964:
954:
952:
946:
945:
941:
931:
929:
924:
923:
919:
914:
909:
896:
892:
883:
879:
873:Wayback Machine
859:
855:
841:
839:
830:
828:
824:
818:Wayback Machine
808:
804:
782:
778:
774:
745:
725:
705:
688:
681:
675:
666:
660:
651:
648:
639:
636:
616:Lucas Faydherbe
608:Lucas Faydherbe
602:high altar and
532:
512:
437:
420:
333:
328:
318:as part of the
300:who founded an
208:
159:
157:
153:
150:
145:
142:
140:
138:
137:
129:
127:
123:
120:
115:
112:
110:
108:
107:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2090:
2088:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2044:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2021:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1979:Chiro Flanders
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1938:Val-Dieu Abbey
1935:
1933:Tongerlo Abbey
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1863:Maredret Abbey
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1798:Averbode Abbey
1795:
1793:Affligem Abbey
1789:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1508:
1501:
1500:External links
1498:
1495:
1494:
1467:
1445:
1419:
1401:World Heritage
1390:
1360:
1334:
1305:
1279:
1253:
1231:
1205:
1179:
1157:
1118:
1092:
1066:
1059:
1041:
1015:
984:
962:
939:
916:
915:
913:
910:
908:
907:
890:
877:
853:
822:
802:
775:
773:
770:
769:
768:
765:Jean Richafort
762:
756:
751:
744:
741:
724:
721:
715:, daughter of
704:
701:
687:
684:
683:
682:
677:Black Madonna
676:
669:
667:
661:
654:
652:
649:
642:
640:
637:
630:
593:States General
531:
528:
511:
508:
436:
433:
419:
416:
332:
329:
327:
324:
254:
253:
250:
249:
242:
238:
237:
232:
228:
227:
224:
218:
217:
214:
210:
209:
204:
201:
200:
197:
196:
193:
189:
188:
185:
181:
180:
177:
176:Groundbreaking
173:
172:
168:
167:
105:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
84:
83:
80:
74:
73:
70:
64:
63:
58:
52:
51:
46:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2089:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1843:Ermeton Abbey
1841:
1839:
1838:Drongen Abbey
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:Titular sees:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1491:
1478:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1449:
1446:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1394:
1391:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1293:
1289:
1283:
1280:
1264:
1257:
1254:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1135:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1062:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1003:
999:
993:
991:
989:
985:
972:
966:
963:
950:
943:
940:
927:
921:
918:
911:
904:
900:
894:
891:
887:
886:stained glass
881:
878:
874:
870:
867:
863:
857:
854:
849:
838:
834:
826:
823:
819:
815:
812:
806:
803:
798:
794:
790:
786:
780:
777:
771:
766:
763:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
746:
742:
740:
738:
734:
731:celebrated a
730:
722:
720:
718:
714:
710:
702:
700:
692:
685:
680:
673:
668:
664:
663:Black Madonna
658:
653:
646:
641:
634:
629:
627:
625:
624:Black Madonna
621:
620:stained-glass
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
577:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
547:
541:
536:
529:
527:
525:
521:
517:
509:
507:
505:
501:
497:
492:
490:
489:queen Fabiola
486:
485:King Baudouin
482:
481:King Albert I
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
450:
446:
441:
434:
432:
429:
425:
418:Later history
417:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
370:
366:
365:French Gothic
362:
358:
354:
350:
342:
337:
330:
325:
323:
321:
317:
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
290:Saint Rumbold
287:
283:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
251:
247:
243:
236:
233:
225:
223:
215:
207:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
169:
164:
134:
106:
104:
100:
97:
94:
90:
85:
81:
79:
75:
71:
69:
65:
62:
59:
57:
53:
50:
47:
45:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1888:Postel Abbey
1828:Chimay Abbey
1818:Brecht Abbey
1813:Bornem Abbey
1733:
1669:Former sees:
1524:. Retrieved
1520:the original
1513:
1488:
1481:. Retrieved
1479:. Flickr.com
1470:
1448:
1436:. Retrieved
1432:the original
1422:
1409:
1393:
1381:. Retrieved
1377:the original
1372:
1363:
1351:. Retrieved
1347:the original
1337:
1325:. Retrieved
1321:the original
1296:. Retrieved
1292:the original
1282:
1270:. Retrieved
1256:
1244:. Retrieved
1234:
1222:. Retrieved
1218:the original
1208:
1196:. Retrieved
1192:the original
1182:
1170:. Retrieved
1160:
1150:
1148:
1141:. Retrieved
1134:the original
1121:
1109:. Retrieved
1104:
1095:
1083:. Retrieved
1079:the original
1069:
1050:
1044:
1032:. Retrieved
1028:the original
1018:
1006:. Retrieved
1001:
975:. Retrieved
971:"St Rumbold"
965:
953:. Retrieved
942:
930:. Retrieved
920:
893:
880:
856:
847:
840:. Retrieved
836:
825:
805:
788:
779:
759:Flor Peeters
726:
706:
699:pedalboard.
697:
597:
589:English Fury
576:Spanish Fury
574:
548:
545:
539:
519:
513:
504:Maneblussers
503:
493:
454:
421:
403:
384:
369:Master Mason
355:and revised
346:
331:Construction
310:
292:, Christian
258:
257:
192:Height (max)
171:Architecture
18:
2067:Flemish art
1989:La Pairelle
1878:Orval Abbey
1785:Monasteries
1414:[ref.
833:"item 4242"
723:Papal visit
540:Grote Markt
391:Ulm Minster
372:Jean d'Oisy
349:consecrated
306:retro-choir
244:1999 (23rd
241:Inscription
158: /
128: /
44:Affiliation
2046:Categories
1883:Park Abbey
1453:(in Dutch)
1403:, see its
1111:5 November
912:References
571:Iconoclasm
563:his father
557:while his
461:watchtower
457:silhouette
294:missionary
143:51°01′44″N
113:51°01′44″N
2057:Carillons
1753:Education
862:The Hague
595:in 1580.
500:moonlight
491:in 1981.
408:Zierikzee
282:cathedral
277:) is the
231:Reference
184:Completed
146:4°28′42″E
116:4°28′42″E
72:Cathedral
1952:See also
1692:Churches
1660:Tongeren
1584:Dioceses
1516:sitemap"
1459:Archived
1410:Belfries
1353:6 August
869:Archived
814:Archived
743:See also
737:carillon
665:painting
585:Fadrique
530:Interior
524:carillon
520:Salvator
496:populace
477:Napoleon
473:Louis XV
469:tourists
449:Brussels
286:Mechelen
222:Criteria
96:Mechelen
92:Location
87:Location
56:District
49:Catholic
38:Religion
1974:Kerknet
1526:27 July
1483:25 July
1438:25 July
1327:25 July
1298:27 July
1272:16 July
1246:16 July
1224:25 July
1198:25 July
1143:15 July
1008:15 July
932:25 July
842:28 July
797:Chapter
600:Baroque
583:'s son
445:Antwerp
424:capital
378:of the
326:History
246:Session
235:943-016
213:Part of
1645:Others
1490:af...'
1398:UNESCO
1383:9 July
1172:9 July
1085:5 July
1057:
1034:5 July
977:5 July
955:9 July
866:Source
686:Organs
679:window
542:square
483:, and
376:vaults
313:UNESCO
298:martyr
271:French
1665:Ypres
1266:(PDF)
1137:(PDF)
1130:(PDF)
899:papal
772:Notes
604:choir
516:bells
510:Bells
487:with
435:Tower
412:spire
387:tower
357:choir
302:abbey
263:Dutch
1528:2011
1485:2011
1440:2011
1385:2011
1355:2015
1329:2011
1300:2011
1274:2011
1248:2011
1226:2011
1200:2011
1174:2011
1145:2011
1113:2021
1087:2011
1055:ISBN
1036:2011
1010:2011
979:2011
957:2011
934:2011
897:The
844:2011
789:Holm
733:Mass
581:Alva
447:and
402:(or
380:nave
296:and
187:1520
179:1200
82:1312
711:to
606:by
284:in
2048::
1487:.
1371:.
1308:^
1147:.
1103:.
1000:.
987:^
846:.
835:.
719:.
479:,
475:,
273::
269:;
265::
1559:e
1552:t
1545:v
1530:.
1442:.
1387:.
1357:.
1331:.
1302:.
1276:.
1250:.
1228:.
1202:.
1176:.
1153:)
1115:.
1089:.
1063:.
1038:.
1012:.
981:.
959:.
936:.
261:(
248:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
