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299:, a village in Syria. There, she became a healer and performed many miracles, but remained constantly persecuted. In one instance, as her persecutors were about to get to her, she called out to God, a new passage was opened in the cave she was in, and the stones closed behind her. Before her death, she was able to go to Rome and lie down beside Paul's tomb.
1100:
277:, but was again saved by a series of miracles. In one scene, female beasts, particularly lionesses, protected her against her male aggressors. While in the arena, she baptized herself by throwing herself into a nearby lake full of aggressive seals, who were all killed by lightning before they could devour her.
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St. Thecla created a culture of imitation in these women. Several of them would live as virgins in households, in tombs (as she was rumored to do), and sometimes in monasteries. These women would travel together as bands of empowered virgins telling stories of Thecla and her grace. Other women in the
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Movement of St. Thecla would name their daughters after her and engrave her face on their tombs and on their oil lamps. All of these women were empowered by Thecla, a woman who did things that not many women would ever dare to do, and they built a strong community in which they empowered each other.
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during the bombardment of her shrine. Three months later the nuns were exchanged for relatives of terrorists. In April 2014, the town was liberated by Syrian governmental troops. On May 30, 2018, the rector of the Church, Ilias Ades, announced that the monastery would be entirely restored in a month
480:
in the West, though in 1969 the Roman
Catholic Church removed Thecla's feast day from the Calendar of Saints for lack of historic evidence. The Western Rite Parishes of the Orthodox Churches continue to celebrate her on 23 September (new Calendar Parishes) and 6 October (old Calendar Churches). The
648:
An inscription in remembrance "of the martyr Thecla" in the church of St. Menas in Cyprus, and dated to the second half of the 1st century, was interpreted in the early twentieth century as evidence for her historical existence. At this pilgrimage site near the Church of St. Menas in Cyprus, women
261:
In the text, it is said that Thecla spent three days sitting by her window, listening to Paul speak about the
Christian God and the importance of living in chastity. Thecla's mother, Theoclia, and fiance, Thamyris, became concerned that Thecla was going to follow Paul's teachings. They turned to
333:, in which she displays considerable knowledge of secular philosophy, various branches of literature, and eloquent yet modest discourse. Methodius states that she received her instruction in divine and evangelical knowledge from Paul, and was eminent for her skill in sacred science ("Logos 8").
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local authorities to punish Paul for being a
Christian and "mak virgins averse to marriage". Paul was sent to prison, where Thecla visited him, kissed his bonds, and refused to leave him and return to her mother and fiance. Paul was made to leave the city and Thecla was condemned to be burned.
321:) that she undertook the sacrifice of herself, by giving death to the flesh, practicing great austerities, extinguishing in herself all earthly affections, so that nothing seemed to remain living in her but reason and spirit: the whole world seemed dead to her as she was to the world.
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had the option to buy a flask which they could fill with holy water, oil, or even dirt from that stop which many women visited during their pilgrimage. These flasks depict the image of Menas on one side and Thecla on the other side.
273:. There, a nobleman named Alexander desired Thecla and attempted to rape her. Thecla fought him off, tore his cloak, and knocked his coronet off his head, which caused her to be put on trial for assault. She was sentenced to be
284:, "wearing a mantle that she had altered so as to make a man's cloak". As she traveled, she preached the word of God and encouraged women to imitate her by living a life of chastity. According to some versions of the
325:, shortly after AD 300, wrote how the message of Christianity was "the sword, which cuts relations from each other , as it cut Thecla from Theocleia". Around AD 280, Thecla features as one of the characters in
588:, was built near her cave tomb, reached by steps in the mountainside, a pilgrimage site with a holy well. The Church tradition is that the mountain opened miraculously to protect Thecla from her persecutors.
687:
St. Thecla, with her dedication and image of a chosen saint, started a following of masses of women across Asia Minor and Egypt. St. Thecla was praised among these women as a sort of patron of
679:, "recognizable by his thin face and dark pointed beard... with small eyes and furrowed brow", which they believe is the oldest image in existence of Paul, dating from the late 4th century.
496:. "It is otherwise difficult to account for the very great popularity of the cult of St. Thecla, which spread over East and West, and made her the most famous of virgin martyrs," wrote
530:
was one of the most celebrated in the
Christian world. Gregory of Nazianzus withdrew to the shrine of "the highly praised young maid Thecla" for three years. The site was described by
445:. The Eastern Rites of the Eastern Orthodox Church commemorate her on 24 September in churches following the new Calendar and 7 October for those using the old or Julian Calendar.
512:
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role model for women. During the fourth and fifth centuries, Thecla was lauded in literature as an exemplary virgin and martyr by ascetic writers and theologians such as
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archaeologists of the
Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology, using laser technology to remove layers of clay and lime rind, discovered a frescoed portrait of St
1376:
1753:
938:
1055:
Osiek, Carolyn. 'The Cult Of Thecla: A Tradition Of Women's Piety In Late
Antiquity (Review)'. Journal of Early Christian Studies 11.3 (2003): 422-424. Web.
1710:
1467:
Dulk, Matthew D. (2012). "I permit no woman to teach except for Thecla: The curious case of the
Pastoral Epistles and the "Acts of Paul" reconsidered".
806:
310:
says, "Notwithstanding the purely legendary character of the entire story, it is not impossible that it is connected with an historical person."
1758:
1176:
Davis, Stephen J. (2002). "Crossed Texts, Crossed Sex: Intertextuality and Gender in Early
Christian Legends of Holy Women Disguised as Men".
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However, Thecla was miraculously saved from burning at the stake by the onset of a storm. She then encountered Paul outside of
1724:Паломничество в монастыри Ставровуни и Святой Феклы, посвященное 135-летию Императорского Православного Палестинского Общества
731:
remains the town's major local holiday. In
Spanish-speaking countries, she is also facetiously counted as the patron saint of
1768:
1029:
Elliott, J. K., "Graphic
Versions: Did non-biblical stories about Jesus and the saints originate more in art than text?",
695:, St. Thecla preached to men, and baptized herself, all things that were normally supposed to have only been done by men.
365:
According to some scholars, Thecla's story inspired many later stories of women saints who dressed as men, including St.
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269:, where she told him, "I will cut my hair off and I shall follow you wherever you go". She then traveled with Paul to
1363:"Ancient Orthodox Monastery of St. Thecla to be Restored in Syrian Maaloula | A Russian Orthodox Church Website"
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612:. The Monastery is a popular destination for Eastern Orthodox Christians from around the world, including Russia.
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Davis, Stephen J. (2002). "The Cult of St. Thecla: An Introduction into Women's Piety in Late Antiquity".
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The Apocryphal New Testament: A Collection of Apocryphal Christian Literature in an English Translation,
1546:
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has 42 churches dedicated to St. Takla or Taqla. One of the oldest is the St. Taqla Church in
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The Apocryphal New Testament: a collection of apocryphal Christian literature in an English translation
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was also dedicated to her; its baptistry and remnants of its structure are still accessible below the
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254:, but was also circulated separately. According to the text, Thecla was a young noble virgin from
1695:
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1151:
Constas, Nicholas (1996). "Life of St. Mary/Marinos: Introduction". In Talbot, Alice-Mary (ed.).
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128:
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Biblical Archaeology Review, Jan/Feb 2010, Vol 36 No 1, p. 18: Found in Vatican: Paul's Portrait
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Osiek, Carolyn. 'The Cult of Thecla: a Tradition of Women's Piety in Late Antiquity (Review)'.
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397:, these stories reference Thecla's story through thematic connections, and in the case of
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109:
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Davis, Stephen J. The Cult Of Saint Thecla. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. Print.
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Elliott, J. K. (Trans.) (2003). "The Acts of Paul and Thecla". In Ehrman, Bart D. (ed.).
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is evidence of her veneration. She was called "apostle and protomartyr among women" and "
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In the United States there are three Roman Catholic parishes named for Saint Thecla: in
1377:"Russian worshipers visit ancient Orthodox monastery in Maaloula, Syria, before Easter"
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362:(180–192) is reported in the Acts of her martyrdom to have taken Thecla as her model.
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Domar: the calendrical and liturgical cycle of the Armenian Apostolic Orthodox Church
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787:, built in 1695. The church boasts an 1870 painting of Thecla by the Italian artist
346:(284–305), couples Thecla with David and Daniel in his prayers. The exordium of the
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who chose to leave her fiance so she could convert to Christianity and follow Paul.
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452:(where she was said to have lived to old age and be buried), Iconium (present day
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1723:
1714:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 742–743.
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Di Berardino, Angelo; Oden, Thomas C; Elowsky, Joel C; Hoover, James (2014).
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in the 5th century, and today the ruins of the tomb and sanctuary are called
1601:
Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew,
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712:
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in the mid-380s. It was restored several times, among others by the Emperor
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457:
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Nancy A. Carter, "The Acts of Thecla: a Pauline tradition linked to women"
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founded the monastery of Saint Tecla that is located in Mosfiloti near
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Denkschriften der k. Akadem. der Wissenschaft. philos.-histor. Klasse
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in France was believed to hold relics. The obscure saints, Tecla of
1587:
The Legend and the Apostle: The Battle for Paul in Story and Canon,
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Barrier, J. W., J. N. Bremmer, T. Niklas, A. Puig I Tàrrech. 2016.
1534: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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The Australian Province of the Order Of Saint Paul The First Hermit
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The martyrdom of Thecla is frequently referred to in the earliest
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1397:"Монастырь Святой Первомученицы Феклы близ Ларнаки, Святая Елена"
1103:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
974:, Armenian Orthodox Theological Research Institute, 2003, 514-15.
668:
636:, part of the hallows of Saint Thecla were carried to Cyprus by
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The Church Fathers recount a number of traditions about Thecla.
281:
1645:
The New Testament and Other Early Christian Writings: A Reader
1381:
1201:. Istituto patristico Augustinianum (Rome). IVP. p. 731.
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Kirsch, Johann Peter. "Sts. Thecla." The Catholic Encyclopedia
986:
The New Testament and Other Early Christian Writings: A Reader
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tradition of Thecla may have inspired an episode connected to
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1396:
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In Syria, there is a Greek Orthodox church of St. Thecla in
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Thecla: Paul's disciple and saint in the East and the West.
831:, formerly Nuevo San Salvador, in La Libertad, El Salvador
295:
It is also said that Thecla spent the rest of her life in
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for 72 years, where she continued to spread Christianity.
1510:(4) – via The University of Chicago Press Journals.
1341:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 2033–2034.
210:. The earliest record of her life comes from the ancient
1596:, Volume XIV, New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912.
476:, Thecla is celebrated on 23 September, which was her
1719:
St. Thecla Catholic Church & School, Chicago, IL
1446:"Pope: Scientific analysis done on St. Paul's bones"
127:
105:
97:
83:
72:
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1580:The Life and Miracles of Thekla: A Literary Study,
1097:Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912
63:Depiction of Saint Thecla from the 11th century
1618:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. Print.
1155:. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks. p. 3.
1582:Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006.
847:The hamlet of Sainte-Thècle in the commune of
1647:. Oxford University Press. pp. 177–182.
1069:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 372–374.
8:
1223:"Church of the Virgins of Aquileia - Church"
939:List of Christian women of the patristic age
824:Several cities and towns are named for her:
393:. Written three or four centuries after the
1244:"ABC News, "Once a Saint, Always a Saint?""
1046:ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
1007:
1005:
1413:Ernst Sittig, Αρχ. Εφ. 1914, mentioned in
620:According to tradition, the Roman empress
485:celebrates her feast day on 24 September.
448:Her veneration flourished particularly at
40:
1090:
1088:
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640:. The hallows are in this monastery now.
429:in sanctity". She was widely cited as an
988:. Oxford University Press. p. 177.
591:On Monday, December 2, 2013, during the
342:. Eugenius, a martyr of Trebizond under
950:
874:The neighbourhood of Leipzig Thekla in
802:which later became St. Taqla's Shrine.
798:. In 1849, some people found a cave in
1589:Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1983.
1521:"Santa Tecla", Ajuntament de Tarragona
317:writes in the 4th century (Homily 14
7:
1594:Catholic Encyclopedia: "Sts. Thecla"
1550:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1198:Encyclopedia of Ancient Christianity
483:Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit
1754:1st-century Christian female saints
707:Thecla is sometimes counted as the
595:, twelve nuns there were seized by
206:Church, and a reported follower of
164:Tuesday after fourth Sunday of the
1623:Journal of Early Christian Studies
1540:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
1339:The Oxford dictionary of Byzantium
1178:Journal of Early Christian Studies
25:
1065:James Keith Elliott, ed. (1999).
959:"Lives of Saints :: Tout 23"
616:Monastery of Saint Tecla, Larnaca
413:St. Thecla Shrine. Latakia, Syria
233:Life and Miracles of Saint Thecla
1636:Elliott, J. K. (Trans.) (2003).
1529:
1098:
606:Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch
546:. A 5th-century anonymous work,
350:(died 259) refers to Thecla and
142:Episcopal Church (United States)
57:
1603:Oxford University Press, 2005,
1415:American Journal of Archaeology
663:In June 2010, on a wall of the
548:The Life and Miracles of Thecla
1686:(e-text) ed. M.R. James, 1924.
1448:. guardian.co.uk. 29 June 2009
1033:, 14 December 2018, pp. 15-16.
554:Tomb of Saint Thecla, Maaloula
421:, the wide circulation of the
303:Traditions and interpretations
1:
1759:1st-century Christian martyrs
1638:"The Acts of Paul and Thecla"
1044:Remembering the acts of Paul.
887:(Monastery of Thecla), South
723:), where the cathedral has a
653:Catacomb of Saint Tecla, Rome
508:Tomb of Saint Thecla, Silifke
242:
1643:. In Ehrman, Bart D. (ed.).
1625:; 11.3 (2003): 422–424. Web.
550:, concentrates on the town.
288:, Thecla lived in a cave in
194:
1578:Johnson, Scott Fitzgerald,
867:, a quarter (freguesia) of
634:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
1785:
1681:Early Christian Writings:
1327:, Vienna, XLIV, 6, 105-08)
857:, a quarter (frazione) of
683:The Movement of St. Thecla
656:
519:
472:are modeled after her. In
248:) which forms part of the
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189:
29:
1673:: translated probably by
1292:Early Christian Writtings
1031:Times Literary Supplement
1011:Elliott 2003, pp. 177–180
851:, Alpes-Maritimes, France
170:Armenian Apostolic Church
56:
1616:The Cult of Saint Thecla
1481:10.1163/156853612X628142
920:Santa Tecla, El Salvador
665:Catacomba di Santa Tecla
659:Catacomb of Saint Thecla
375:Euphrosyne of Alexandria
280:Thecla rejoined Paul in
114:Oriental Orthodox Church
1711:Encyclopædia Britannica
1683:Acts of Paul and Thecla
1670:Acts of Paul and Thecla
1573:Oxford University Press
1504:The Journal of Religion
1153:Holy Women of Byzantium
903:, an ancient church in
811:Pembroke, Massachusetts
725:chapel dedicated to her
693:Acts of Paul and Thecla
610:Russian Orthodox Church
586:Convent of Saint Thecla
423:Acts of Paul and Thecla
419:Eastern Orthodox Church
395:Acts of Paul and Thecla
367:Anastasia the Patrician
241:is a 2nd-century text (
239:Acts of Paul and Thecla
229:Acts of Paul and Thecla
216:Acts of Paul and Thecla
166:Exaltation of the Cross
149:Eastern Orthodox Church
118:Eastern Orthodox Church
32:Thecla (disambiguation)
1337:Kazhdan, A. P (1991).
1042:Snyder, G. E. (2010).
570:
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481:Western Rite Monastic
414:
391:Theodora of Alexandria
65:Menologion of Basil II
1769:Cross-dressing saints
1564:Bristol, CN: Peeters.
1547:Catholic Encyclopedia
930:Sainte-Thècle, Quebec
743:with the Spanish and
689:empowerment for women
632:had taken control of
564:Convent of St. Thecla
561:
516:Aya Tekla in Seleucia
515:
500:, the editor of this
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27:Early Christian saint
1020:Elliott 2003, p. 180
925:Santa Tecla Festival
865:Santa Tecla de Basto
443:Gregory of Nazianzus
435:Methodius of Olympus
327:Methodius of Olympus
275:eaten by wild beasts
30:For other uses, see
1696:Delehaye, Hippolyte
1268:. 23 September 2022
644:St. Menas in Cyprus
608:with help from the
399:The Life of Eugenia
339:Acts of the Martyrs
308:Johann Peter Kirsch
159:Coptic Christianity
1749:1st-century deaths
1744:1st-century births
1701:"Thecla, St"
1614:Davis, Stephen J.
1585:MacDonald, D. R.,
1288:"The Acts of Paul"
789:Vincento Lampodico
771:, is dedicated to
753:earliest cathedral
571:
518:
474:Bede's martyrology
415:
348:Acts of Polyeuctes
271:Antioch of Pisidia
246: AD 180
1739:People from Konya
1609:978-0-19-518249-1
1599:Ehrman, Bart D.,
1469:Novum Testamentum
1348:978-0-19-504652-6
1208:978-0-8308-2943-9
1076:978-0-19-826182-7
869:Celorico de Basto
807:Clinton, Michigan
761:present structure
526:The cave-tomb in
427:equal-to-apostles
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106:Venerated in
51:Thecla of Iconium
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