2233:), as well as the various witnesses to canonicity extant among the writings of Ignatius, Polycarp, Irenaeus, etc., the four gospels and letters of Paul were held by the gentile Christian community as scriptural, and 200 years were needed to finalize the canon; from the beginning of the 2nd Century to the mid-4th Century, no book in the final canon was ever declared spurious or heretical, except for the Revelation of John which the
2259:. Nevertheless, the early church leaders in the 3rd and 4th Centuries generally distinguished between canonical works and those that were not canonical but 'useful,' or 'good for teaching,' though never relegating any of the final 27 books to the latter category. One aim with establishing the canon was to capture only those works which were held to have been written by the Apostles, or their close associates, and as the
594:
40:
3212:
2267:...But Hermas wrote The Shepherd very recently, in our times, in the city of Rome, while bishop Pius, his brother, was occupying the chair of the church of the city of Rome. And therefore it ought indeed to be read; but it cannot be read publicly to the people in church either among the Prophets, whose number is complete, or among the Apostles, for it is after their time.
3215:
2205:
The victors in the struggles to establish
Christian Orthodoxy not only won their theological battles, they also rewrote the history of the conflict; later readers then naturally assumed that the victorious views had been embraced by the vast majority of Christians from the very beginning ... The
810:
The first centuries of
Christianity saw substantial debate in regards to which books should be included in the canons. In general, those books that the majority regarded as the earliest books about Jesus were the ones included. Books that were not accepted into the canons are now termed
1283:. Some texts take the form of an expounding of the esoteric cosmology and ethics held by the Gnostics. Often this was in the form of dialogue in which Jesus expounds esoteric knowledge while his disciples raise questions concerning it. There is also a text, known as the
894:
in its biblical canon, but does not always list it with the other 27 canonical New
Testament books. The church did not accept Revelation into its Bible until 1200 CE. The New Testament of the Coptic Bible, adopted by the Egyptian Church, includes the two
2077:
While some of the following works appear in complete Bibles from the fourth century, such as 1 Clement and The
Shepherd of Hermas, showing their general popularity, they were not included when the canon was formally decided at the end of that century.
1606:
There are also non-canonical epistles (or "letters") between individuals or to
Christians in general. Some of them were regarded very highly by the early church. Those marked with a lozenge (♦) are included in the collection known as the
2069:
of the early centuries), others were not considered particularly heretical in content, but in fact were well accepted as significant spiritual works. Those marked with a lozenge (♦) are also included in the collection known as the
1248:
A number of texts aim to provide a single harmonization of the canonical gospels, that eliminates discordances among them by presenting a unified text derived from them to some degree. The most widely read of these was the
795:. During the first centuries following Jesus' ministry, considerable debate was held in regards to safeguarding the authenticity of his teachings. Three key methods developed to address this survive to the present day:
764:: almost all books, in both Old and New Testaments, called "apocrypha" in the Protestant tradition are pseudepigrapha. In the Catholic and Orthodox traditions, what are called the apocrypha by Protestants include the
1221:
568:
2206:
practice of
Christian forgery has a long and distinguished history ... the debate lasted three hundred years ... even within "orthodox" circles there was considerable debate concerning which books to include.
1067:. Most modern scholars have concluded that there existed one gospel in Aramaic/Hebrew and at least two in Greek, although a minority argue that there were only two: one Aramaic/Hebrew and one Greek.
3563:
756:, meaning 'falsely inscribed' or 'falsely attributed', in the sense that the writings were written by an anonymous author who appended the name of an apostle to his work, such as in the
2215:
The historical debate primarily concerned whether certain works should be read in the church service or only privately. These works were widely used but not necessarily considered
2255:
in 367 CE which defined a canon of 27 books, identical to the current canon, but also listed two works that were "not in the canon but to be read:" The
Shepherd of Hermas and the
3134:
817:; some were virgorously suppressed and survive only as fragments, or only in mention in the writings of those condemning them. The earliest lists of canonical works of the
622:
958:(also called the "Nativity of Mary") and the Latin Infancy gospel. The latter two did not exist in antiquity, and they seem to be based on the earlier Infancy gospels.
1939:
In addition to the known apocryphal works, there are also small fragments of texts, parts of unknown (or uncertain) works. Some of the more significant fragments are:
2280:
The
Apocrypha: translated out of the Greek and Latin tongues: being the version set forth A.D. 1611 compared with the most ancient authorities and revised A.D. 1894
744:
writings as "apocryphal" is misleading since they would not be classified in the same category by orthodox believers. Often used by the Greek
Fathers was the term
987:
Information about the childhood of Jesus was supplied by a number of 2nd-century and later texts, known as infancy gospels, none of which were accepted into the
1997:
xxvi. 2, 3). It is possible that this is the Gospel of
Perfection he alludes to in xxvi. 2. The quotation shows that this gospel was the expression of complete
3248:
1589:
2065:
While many of the books listed here were considered heretical (especially those belonging to the gnostic tradition—as this sect was considered heretical by
4180:
4062:
2130:
1663:
1416:, later treating Jesus as a re-incarnation of Seth. They produced numerous texts expounding their esoteric cosmology, usually in the form of visions:
954:
Books that are known objectively not to have existed in antiquity are usually not considered part of the New Testament apocrypha. Among these are the
1584:
513:
4139:
2237:
in 363–364 CE rejected (although it accepted all of the other 26 books in the New Testament). This was possibly due to fears of the influence of
2846:. 1998. pg. 105. quote: "The current edition of Wilhelm Schneemelcher's standard New Testament Apocrypha contains eleven Nag Hammadi tractates."
2193:
Among historians of early Christianity, the books are considered invaluable, especially those that almost made it into the final canon, such as
4047:
4042:
2142:
1675:
786:
740:
The general term is usually applied to the books that were considered by the church as useful, but not divinely inspired. As such, to refer to
664:
82:
2219:
or 'universal.' Such works include the Didache, Shepherd of Hermas, 1 Clement, 2 Clement, the Epistle of Barnabas, and to a lesser extent the
4057:
3173:
3104:
3085:
3061:
3031:
2729:
2598:
2487:
2468:
2449:
2421:
2118:
2100:
1651:
1633:
1486:
1202:
955:
615:
1986:
Several texts are mentioned in many ancient sources and would probably be considered part of the apocrypha, but no known text has survived:
3748:
2112:
2106:
1645:
1639:
3189:
3854:
947:
and other scholars began to study New Testament apocrypha seriously in the 19th century and produce new translations. The texts of the
4175:
3849:
3710:
2763:
2508:
2004:
1485:" (supposedly a companion of John the apostle), contained the Acts of Peter, John, Andrew, Thomas, and Paul. These were judged by the
991:. Despite this, some scholars have noted that the very number of surviving infancy manuscripts attests to their continued popularity.
3817:
3163:
3144:
2865:
2661:
2628:
2124:
1657:
1497:
are often considered Gnostic texts. While most of the texts are believed to have been written in the 2nd century, at least two, the
1393:
772:
is synonymous with what Protestants would call the pseudepigrapha, the latter term of which is almost exclusively used by scholars.
667:. Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Protestant churches generally do not view the New Testament apocrypha as part of the Bible.
394:
2813:
and Wilhelm Schneemelcher prepared under the editorship of Schneemelcher appeared, but independent editions are being produced ..."
4249:
3935:
3812:
3663:
3241:
2177:
2148:
1705:
1681:
891:
869:
608:
23:
4195:
2528:
2136:
1669:
1014:
181:
3017:
1837:
1755:
1426:
1340:
438:
322:
4228:
791:
That some works are categorized as New Testament apocrypha is indicative of the wide range of responses to the ministry of
4149:
1699:
1430:
1336:
656:
3021:
1030:
844:, used by all the various Syrian churches, originally did not include 2 Peter, 2 John, 3 John, Jude and Revelation. This
129:
4144:
1559:
1468:
1306:
1074:. The reconstructed texts of the gospels are usually categorized under New Testament Apocrypha. The standard edition of
483:
425:
2325:
Los Evangelios Apócrifos: Colección de textos griegos y latinos, versión crítica, estudios introductorios y comentarios
3658:
3234:
2809:, Leuven, Peeters 2005, p. 279 "Not only has a third, fourth, fifth, and sixth edition of the standard German work by
2066:
1749:
1373:
937:, Oxford University Press, 1991. The "standard" scholarly edition of the New Testament Apocrypha in German is that of
663:
by early Christians, but since the fifth century a widespread consensus has emerged limiting the New Testament to the
406:
3832:
1790:
1346:
944:
925:
558:
342:
3204:
3864:
3843:
3837:
2094:
1800:
1780:
1735:
1693:
1627:
1358:
951:
are often considered separately but the current edition of Schneemelcher also contains eleven Nag Hammadi texts.
860:. Western Syrians have added the remaining five books to their New Testament canons in modern times (such as the
411:
389:
347:
337:
72:
3859:
3827:
3822:
3558:
2088:
1739:
1621:
1549:
1214:
1018:
1003:
999:
876:
563:
473:
175:
165:
67:
2695:
4185:
4165:
4037:
3894:
3495:
2533:
1858:
1539:
1311:
1097:
1083:
1070:
None of these gospels survive today, but attempts have been made to reconstruct them from references in the
995:
384:
146:
136:
2925:
Cassell's Latin Dictionary, Marchant, J.R.V, & Charles, Joseph F., (Eds.), Revised Edition, 1928, p.396
1093:("GH") – 1 quotation ascribed to Cyril of Jerusalem, plus GH 2–7 quotations by Clement, Origen, and Jerome.
4021:
3904:
3889:
3879:
3471:
2160:
1869:
1810:
1722:
1554:
912:
807:, which list the primary documents certain groups believe contain the message originally taught by Jesus.
692:
478:
107:
3970:
3909:
3899:
3807:
3130:
2154:
2029:
1962:
1944:
1884:
1827:
1770:
1687:
1436:
1208:
1090:
1056:
1044:
1010:
648:
538:
332:
290:
265:
221:
216:
170:
141:
87:
2349:(in Italian). Translated by Moraldi, Luigi (2nd ed.). Turin: Unione tipografico-editrice torinese.
1447:
Some of the Gnostic texts appear to consist of diagrams and instructions for use in religious rituals:
4170:
4090:
3802:
3715:
3625:
3391:
3278:
3159:
2538:
2226:
Considering the generally accepted dates of authorship for all of the canonical New Testament works (
2049:
2019:
1760:
1287:, which is a polemic against Gnostic esoterica, but written in a similar style as the Gnostic texts.
1284:
1052:
379:
327:
102:
2810:
4112:
4077:
3874:
3553:
3336:
3306:
2548:
2260:
2234:
2220:
2172:
2082:
2054:
1969:
1918:
1908:
1903:
1745:
1615:
1529:
1377:
1296:
1280:
1186:
1145:
948:
896:
652:
598:
580:
493:
458:
369:
317:
280:
275:
243:
97:
77:
3682:
4004:
3919:
3725:
3720:
3605:
3568:
3548:
3478:
3207:- Tabulation includes Gnostic Gospels (23) and Gnostic Acts (29), linked to English translations.
2997:
2985:
2961:
2523:
2513:
2242:
2194:
2009:
1731:
1420:
1383:
1362:
1197:
887:
830:
822:
749:
644:
374:
312:
270:
253:
1473:
Several texts concern themselves with the subsequent lives of the apostles, usually with highly
4205:
4014:
4009:
3950:
3782:
3692:
3635:
3456:
3446:
3296:
3169:
3155:
3140:
3122:
3100:
3081:
3057:
3027:
2861:
2725:
2657:
2651:
2624:
2594:
2588:
2567:
2558:
2503:
2483:
2464:
2445:
2417:
2071:
2013:
1950:
1897:
1874:
1814:
1709:
1608:
1132:
1119:
1064:
857:
548:
238:
59:
2618:
1826:
Several texts (over 50) consist of descriptions of the events surrounding the varied fate of
1006:(also called the "Infancy Gospel of Matthew" or "Birth of Mary and Infancy of the Saviour").
4190:
4085:
4067:
3999:
3987:
3945:
3884:
3869:
3760:
3648:
3441:
3386:
3366:
3346:
2977:
2039:
1727:
Several works frame themselves as visions, often discussing the future, afterlife, or both:
1524:
1514:
1482:
1413:
1331:
1170:
1151:
1040:
873:
834:
765:
498:
453:
443:
233:
206:
2760:
748:, or 'spoken against', although some canonical books were also spoken against, such as the
3982:
3960:
3914:
3461:
3421:
3396:
3326:
3301:
3286:
3110:
3053:
2781:
The apocryphal New Testament, being all the gospels, epistles, and other pieces now extant
2767:
2543:
2035:
1956:
1928:
1843:
1579:
1489:
in the ninth century to be full of folly, self-contradiction, falsehood, and impiety. The
1451:
1368:
1316:
1264:
1181:
1164:
982:
971:
849:
841:
757:
508:
248:
211:
196:
189:
160:
153:
121:
2779:
1100:("GN") – GN 1 to GN 23 are mainly from Jerome; GN 24 to GN 36 are from medieval sources.
4218:
4200:
4134:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3743:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3519:
3514:
3490:
3451:
3401:
3381:
3351:
3331:
3316:
3311:
3291:
3257:
2562:
2518:
2043:
1975:
1913:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1509:
1326:
1320:
1300:
1190:
1125:
1071:
988:
845:
804:
753:
682:
503:
488:
433:
285:
201:
2677:
4243:
3965:
3774:
3643:
3509:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3406:
3376:
3274:
3126:
2252:
1990:
1864:
1544:
1388:
1075:
938:
818:
468:
47:
833:
was considered genuine by others, and appears (after the Book of Revelation) in the
4223:
4123:
4052:
3954:
3416:
3411:
3371:
3341:
3321:
3269:
2794:
1534:
1519:
1474:
1456:
1177:; "to suffer, bear, endure", from which also "patience, patient", etc.)) of Jesus:
916:
908:
826:
745:
553:
463:
448:
2557:, a hypothetical document underlying much of the text of the canonical gospels of
3097:
Fragmente apokryph gewordener Evangelien in griechischer und lateinischer Sprache
3075:
3046:
3001:
2410:
1854:
These texts, due to their content or form, do not fit into the other categories:
994:
Most of these manuscripts were based on the earliest infancy gospels, namely the
4106:
3702:
3620:
3615:
3529:
3524:
3356:
3041:
2647:
2198:
1923:
1251:
930:
543:
39:
4095:
2554:
2367:(in Italian). Vol. 3 vols. Translated by Erbetta, Mario. Turin: Marietti.
2248:
1276:
1270:
1139:
865:
796:
304:
3199:
2981:
3610:
2399:
Bovon, François; Geoltrain, Pierre; Kaestli, Jean-Daniel, eds. (1997–2005).
2238:
1998:
1893:
1104:
Some scholars consider that the two last named are in fact the same source.
853:
813:
677:
593:
3114:
929:, volume 8, contains translations by Alexander Walker. New translations by
803:, where groups define the boundaries of interpretation of the message; and
799:, where groups authorize individuals as reliable teachers of the message;
4117:
3687:
3674:
3653:
3600:
3595:
3221:
1601:
883:, still only present lessons from the 22 books of the original Peshitta.
880:
3194:
2989:
2965:
2749:
2022:(used by the followers of Basilides and other Gnostics. See Epiphanius,
1228:
Although three texts take Bartholomew's name, it may be that either the
4129:
3994:
2653:
Lost Christianities: Battles for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew
2256:
2166:
1889:
1405:
1036:
761:
741:
361:
92:
4100:
3977:
3361:
3226:
1113:
1060:
1048:
967:
732:
726:
720:
714:
702:
2842:
Stephen J. Patterson, James McConkey Robinson, Hans-Gebhard Bethge,
2340:]. Tbilisi: Sakartvelos SSR mecnierebata akademiis gamomcemloba.
1222:
Book of the Resurrection of Jesus Christ, by Bartholomew the Apostle
3940:
3261:
2831:
Writings Relating to the Apostles Apocalypses and Related Subjects
1078:
describes the texts of three Jewish–Christian gospels as follows:
800:
792:
660:
2263:
canon (ca. 150–175 CE) states concerning the Shepherd of Hermas:
691:, 'secret' or 'non-canonical', which in turn originated from the
681:
means 'things put away' or 'things hidden', originating from the
2966:"A Fragment of the Acta Pilati in Christian Palestinian Aramaic"
1409:
16:
Writings by early Christians, not included in the Biblical Canon
3230:
3095:
Schlarb, Egbert; Lührmann, Dieter (2000). "Hebräerevangelium".
2374:
Die handschriftliche Überlieferung der altslavischen Apokryphen
2241:
which used the book extensively to support their theology. See
3136:
New Testament Apocrypha: Gospels and Related Writings Volume 1
1505:
are believed to have been written as late as the 5th century.
941:, and in English its translation by Robert McLachlan Wilson.
708:
696:
1408:
were a gnostic group who originally worshipped the biblical
907:
English translations were made in the early 18th century by
3217:
The Apocryphal Acts of Paul, Peter, John, Andrew and Thomas
2860:. Chantilly, VA: The Teaching Company. pp. Lecture 3.
2805:
James McConkey Robinson, Christoph Heil, Jozef Verheyden,
821:
were not quite the same as modern lists; for example, the
1169:
A number of gospels are concerned specifically with the "
659:
and of their lives. Some of these writings were cited as
3044:; Pleše, Zlatko (2011). "The Jewish Christian Gospels".
3002:"A Syriac Version of the Letters of Lentulus and Pilate"
2338:
Georgian Versions of the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles
2327:(in Spanish). Madrid: Biblioteca de Autores Christianos.
1861:(church regulations supposedly asserted by the apostles)
3165:
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: A–D Volume 1
2383:
Irish Biblical Apocrypha: Selected Texts in Translation
2433:
Antike christliche Apokryphen in deutscher Übersetzung
1993:(a quotation from this gospel is given by Epiphanius (
1481:
and now known by the name of their purported author, "
2480:
New Testament apocrypha: More noncanonical scriptures
2461:
New Testament apocrypha: More noncanonical scriptures
2442:
New Testament apocrypha: More noncanonical scriptures
2318:(in Italian). Florence: Libreria Editrice Fiorentina.
2038:. The name Thaddeus was often used to not to confuse
998:(also called the "Protoevangelium of James") and the
2431:
Markschies, Christoph; Schröter, Jens, eds. (2012).
1009:
The other significant early infancy gospels are the
4158:
4076:
4030:
3928:
3773:
3736:
3701:
3672:
3634:
3579:
3486:
3470:
3268:
2844:
The fifth Gospel: the Gospel of Thomas comes of age
2034:Gospel of Thaddaeus (This may be a synonym for the
933:appeared in 1924, and were revised by J.K. Eliott,
3045:
2409:
2376:(in German). Vol. 2 vols. Berlin: De Gruyter.
2904:
825:was regarded as disputed by some Christians (see
2696:"apocrypha | Search Online Etymology Dictionary"
2605:There are both Old and New Testament Apocrypha ,
1896:) (also included in the collection known as the
752:in the East. Often used by scholars is the term
2309:(in Spanish). Vol. 3 vols. Madrid: Bergua.
1477:events. Almost half of these, anciently called
1279:texts have been uncovered, especially from the
3151:(6th German edition, translated by George Ogg)
3048:The Apocryphal Gospels: Texts and Translations
2623:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 68–69.
2412:The Apocryphal Gospels: Texts and Translations
2334:Kartuli versiebi aṗoḳripebis mocikulta šesaxeb
1813:(also included in the collection known as the
3242:
3023:The Other Gospels: Non-Canonical Gospel Texts
2656:. Oxford University Press. pp. 230–231.
2435:(in German). Tübingen, Germany: Mohr Siebeck.
2291:(in French) (2nd ed.). Paris: A. Picard.
2282:(reprint ed.). Oxford: University Press.
616:
8:
2642:
2640:
2211:Historical development towards today's canon
1590:The Lost Chapter of the Acts of the Apostles
2892:
2482:. Vol. 3. Grand Rapids. MI: Eerdmans.
2463:. Vol. 2. Grand Rapids. MI: Eerdmans.
2444:. Vol. 1. Grand Rapids. MI: Eerdmans.
768:books: in the Catholic tradition, the term
686:
3483:
3249:
3235:
3227:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2724:. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson. p. 2257.
1002:, and on their later combination into the
623:
609:
18:
2440:Burke, Tony; Landau, Brent, eds. (2016).
2381:Herbert, Máire; McNamara, Martin (1989).
2131:Epistle of Ignatius to the Philadelphians
1664:Epistle of Ignatius to the Philadelphians
1423:(also called the "Secret Gospel of John")
2300:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
2287:Michel, Charles; Peeters, Paul (1924) .
1965:, whose authenticity has been challenged
1585:Acts of Xanthippe, Polyxena, and Rebecca
2880:
2795:ANF08...Apocrypha of the New Testament.
2579:
2416:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
2408:Ehrman, Bart D.; Pleše, Zlatko (2011).
1838:The Falling Asleep of the Mother of God
30:
2807:The Sayings Gospel Q: Collected Essays
2305:González-Blanco, Edmundo, ed. (1934).
2143:Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians
1708:- accepted in the past by some in the
1676:Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians
787:Development of the New Testament canon
781:Development of the New Testament canon
2620:An Introduction to the Medieval Bible
2372:Aurelio de Santos Otero (1978–1981).
2323:Aurelio de Santos Otero, ed. (1956).
2119:Epistle of Ignatius to the Magnesians
2101:Epistle of Ignatius to the Smyrnaeans
1652:Epistle of Ignatius to the Magnesians
1634:Epistle of Ignatius to the Smyrnaeans
1487:Patriarch Photios I of Constantinople
1203:On the Life and the Passion of Christ
956:Libellus de Nativitate Sanctae Mariae
731:, meaning 'away', and the Greek verb
7:
3168:. Wm. B. Eerdmans. pp. 181–88.
3052:. Oxford University Press. pp.
2947:The Muratorian Fragment : 74–76
2833:(1992), Westminster John Knox Press.
2113:Epistle of Ignatius to the Ephesians
2107:Epistle of Ignatius to the Trallians
1646:Epistle of Ignatius to the Ephesians
1640:Epistle of Ignatius to the Trallians
1086:("GE") – 7 quotations by Epiphanius.
725:in turn comes from the Greek prefix
4181:Other books referenced in the Bible
4140:New Testament manuscript categories
3133:; Wilson, Robert McLachlan (eds.).
1114:Gospel § Non-canonical gospels
3711:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs
2970:The Journal of Theological Studies
2509:Authorship of the Pauline epistles
2358:. San Francisco: Harper & Row.
2356:The Nag Hammadi Library in English
2314:Bonaccorsi, Giuseppe, ed. (1948).
2005:Gospel of the Four Heavenly Realms
1035:The Jewish–Christian Gospels were
903:Modern scholarship and translation
14:
3200:New Testament Apocrypha histories
3195:New Testament Apocrypha resources
3158:(1979). "Apocryphal Gospels". In
3099:(in German). N.G. Elwert Verlag.
2590:The World of the Early Christians
2365:Gli Apocrifi del Nuovo Testamento
2363:Erbetta, Mario, ed. (1966–1981).
2125:Epistle of Ignatius to the Romans
2061:Close candidates for canonization
1658:Epistle of Ignatius to the Romans
1394:Second Treatise of the Great Seth
1299:(also called the "Secret Book of
890:church at times has included the
879:, which is in communion with the
651:and his teachings, the nature of
44:First page of the Gospel of Judas
3210:
2296:James, Montague Rhodes (1953) .
2178:Third Epistle to the Corinthians
2149:Epistle of Mathetes to Diognetus
1706:Third Epistle to the Corinthians
1702:(an epistle in the name of Paul)
1696:(an epistle in the name of Paul)
1682:Epistle of Mathetes to Diognetus
892:Third Epistle to the Corinthians
870:Malankara Syrian Orthodox Church
848:of 22 books is the one cited by
592:
514:Xanthippe, Polyxena, and Rebecca
38:
4196:Biblical and Quranic narratives
3139:(2 ed.). John Knox Press.
3006:Orientalia Christiana Periodica
2587:Kelly, Joseph F. (2017-03-15).
2529:List of early Christian writers
2385:. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark.
2332:Kekeliże, Korneli, ed. (1959).
2137:Epistle of Ignatius to Polycarp
1670:Epistle of Ignatius to Polycarp
1015:History of Joseph the Carpenter
182:History of Joseph the Carpenter
3074:Elliott, James Keith (2005) .
2858:The Catholic Church: A History
2720:Charlesworth, James H (1985).
2403:(in French). Paris: Gallimard.
2278:Cumberlege, Geoffrey (1926) .
1756:Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius
1427:Coptic Gospel of the Egyptians
1400:Sethian texts concerning Jesus
1353:General texts concerning Jesus
1341:Coptic Gospel of the Egyptians
864:of 1823). Today, the official
643:) are a number of writings by
1:
3190:New Testament Apocrypha texts
2905:Vielhauer & Strecker 1991
2347:Apocrifi del Nuovo Testamento
2345:Moraldi, Luigi, ed. (1994) .
2227:
2012:(probably different from the
1805:Apocryphal Apocalypse of John
1700:Epistle to Seneca the Younger
1431:Greek Gospel of the Egyptians
1337:Greek Gospel of the Egyptians
1154:(1st century; sayings gospel)
3077:The Apocryphal New Testament
2827:Gospels and Related Writings
2722:Old Testament Pseudepigrapha
2298:The Apocryphal New Testament
1892:(possibly the first written
1560:Acts of Peter and the Twelve
1495:Acts of Peter and the Twelve
1479:The Circuits of the Apostles
1469:Acts of the Apostles (genre)
1319:(also called the "Gospel of
1307:Book of Thomas the Contender
1234:Resurrection of Jesus Christ
1142:(late 2nd–early 3rd century)
935:The Apocryphal New Testament
762:Ethiopic Apocalypse of Enoch
733:
727:
721:
715:
707:), 'obscure', from the verb
703:
665:27 books of the modern canon
569:Resurrection of Jesus Christ
3220:public domain audiobook at
3080:. Oxford University Press.
2401:Écrits apocryphes chrétiens
2354:Robinson, James M. (1977).
2067:Proto-orthodox Christianity
1750:Gnostic Apocalypse of Peter
1374:Gnostic Apocalypse of Peter
915:, and collected in 1820 by
83:Polycarp to the Philippians
4266:
4176:English Bible translations
3564:Song of the Three Children
1795:Second Revelation of James
1791:Second Apocalypse of James
1720:
1599:
1466:
1347:The Sophia of Jesus Christ
1268:
1262:
1162:
1111:
1028:
980:
965:
945:Constantin von Tischendorf
784:
709:
697:
655:, or the teachings of his
559:Prayer of the Apostle Paul
4214:
3026:. Westminster/John Knox.
2856:Cook, William R. (2009).
2617:Van Liere, Frans (2014).
2478:Burke, Tony, ed. (2023).
2459:Burke, Tony, ed. (2020).
2095:Second Epistle of Clement
1801:Second Apocalypse of John
1785:First Revelation of James
1781:First Apocalypse of James
1736:Coptic Apocalypse of Paul
1694:Epistle to the Laodiceans
1628:Second Epistle of Clement
1359:Coptic Apocalypse of Paul
2784:. London, W. Hone. 1820.
2766:October 8, 2007, at the
2678:"Apocrypha – Definition"
2392:Apocryphal New Testament
2089:First Epistle of Clement
1740:Apocalypse of the Virgin
1622:First Epistle of Clement
1550:Acts of Peter and Andrew
1275:In the modern era, many
1230:Questions of Bartholomew
1215:Questions of Bartholomew
1031:Jewish–Christian gospels
1025:Jewish-Christian gospels
1019:Life of John the Baptist
1004:Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew
1000:Infancy Gospel of Thomas
921:Apocryphal New Testament
877:Chaldean Catholic Church
564:Questions of Bartholomew
130:Jewish–Christian gospels
4250:New Testament apocrypha
4038:Intertestamental period
3205:New Testament Apocrypha
2893:Ehrman & Pleše 2011
2823:New Testament Apocrypha
2534:History of Christianity
2390:Elliott, J. K. (1993).
2307:Los Evangelio Apócrifos
1859:Apostolic Constitutions
1830:(the mother of Jesus):
1540:Acts of Paul and Thecla
1312:Dialogue of the Saviour
1236:is in fact the unknown
1173:" (from the Latin verb
1098:Gospel of the Nazarenes
1084:Gospel of the Ebionites
996:Infancy Gospel of James
637:New Testament apocrypha
599:Christianity portal
32:New Testament apocrypha
4022:Apocalyptic literature
3659:Paralipomena of Baruch
3131:Schneemelcher, Wilhelm
2982:10.1093/jts/XXII.I.157
2269:
2208:
1870:Canons of the Apostles
1834:The Home Going of Mary
1811:The Shepherd of Hermas
1723:Apocalyptic literature
1555:Acts of Peter and Paul
1503:Acts of Peter and Paul
1135:(mid–late 2nd century)
687:
647:that give accounts of
439:Andrew and Bartholomew
108:The Shepherd of Hermas
4186:Additional Scriptures
4150:New Testament uncials
3160:Bromiley, Geoffrey W.
2272:Published collections
2265:
2210:
2203:
2201:, for example, said:
2155:Martyrdom of Polycarp
2030:Gospel of the Seventy
1963:Secret Gospel of Mark
1945:Gospel of the Saviour
1885:Clementine literature
1775:Revelation of Stephen
1771:Apocalypse of Stephen
1688:Martyrdom of Polycarp
1437:Trimorphic Protennoia
1238:Gospel of Bartholomew
1209:Gospel of Bartholomew
1108:Non-canonical gospels
1091:Gospel of the Hebrews
1045:Clement of Alexandria
1011:Syriac Infancy Gospel
737:, meaning 'to hide'.
539:Clementine literature
291:Gospel of the Hebrews
88:Martyrdom of Polycarp
4171:Bible version debate
4145:New Testament papyri
4091:Samaritan Pentateuch
3716:Testament of Abraham
3654:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
2593:. Liturgical Press.
2539:Historicity of Jesus
2289:Évangiles Apocryphes
2050:Gospel of the Twelve
2020:Gospel of Perfection
1765:Revelation of Thomas
1761:Apocalypse of Thomas
1291:Dialogues with Jesus
1285:Epistula Apostolorum
1043:character quoted by
484:Peter and the Twelve
380:Epistula Apostolorum
78:Epistles of Ignatius
4113:Muratorian fragment
4048:New Testament canon
4043:Old Testament canon
3936:Chapters and verses
3554:Additions to Daniel
3520:Additions to Esther
2998:Brock, Sebastian P.
2962:Brock, Sebastian P.
2682:merriam-webster.com
2549:Nag Hammadi library
2261:Muratorian fragment
2235:Council of Laodicea
2221:Apocalypse of Peter
2173:Apocalypse of Peter
2083:Epistle of Barnabas
2055:Memoria Apostolorum
1970:Oxyrhynchus Gospels
1919:Sentences of Sextus
1909:Penitence of Origen
1904:Liturgy of St James
1748:(distinct from the
1746:Apocalypse of Peter
1734:(distinct from the
1616:Epistle of Barnabas
1530:Acts of the Martyrs
1429:(distinct from the
1378:Apocalypse of Peter
1376:(distinct from the
1361:(distinct from the
1339:(distinct from the
1297:Apocryphon of James
1281:Nag Hammadi library
1187:Gospel of Nicodemus
1146:Gospel of Basilides
949:Nag Hammadi library
926:Ante-Nicene Fathers
897:Epistles of Clement
856:(393–466) from the
719:), 'to hide away'.
581:Nag Hammadi library
370:Apocryphon of James
3726:Testament of Jacob
3721:Testament of Isaac
3606:Prayer of Manasseh
3569:Bel and the Dragon
3549:Letter of Jeremiah
3156:Yamauchi, Edwin M.
3123:Vielhauer, Philipp
2907:, pp. 134–78.
2700:www.etymonline.com
2524:Books of the Bible
2514:Biblical apocrypha
2245:for more details.
2243:Revelation of John
2195:Shepherd of Hermas
2161:Shepherd of Hermas
2010:Gospel of Matthias
1732:Apocalypse of Paul
1421:Apocryphon of John
1384:Letter of Lentulus
1363:Apocalypse of Paul
1244:Harmonized gospels
1198:Cyril of Jerusalem
1189:(also called the "
1175:patior, passus sum
888:Armenian Apostolic
831:Shepherd of Hermas
823:Book of Revelation
750:Apocalypse of John
375:Apocryphon of John
122:Apocryphal gospels
4237:
4236:
4206:Textual criticism
3769:
3768:
3693:Psalms of Solomon
3636:Orthodox Tewahedo
3175:978-0-8028-3781-3
3106:978-3-7708-1144-1
3087:978-0-19-826181-0
3063:978-0-19-973210-4
3033:978-0-664-24428-6
2731:978-1-59856-489-1
2600:978-0-8146-8379-8
2568:Textual criticism
2504:Apostolic Fathers
2489:978-0-8028-7793-2
2470:978-0-8028-7290-6
2451:978-0-8028-7289-0
2423:978-0-19-973210-4
2072:Apostolic Fathers
2014:Gospel of Matthew
1951:Naassene Fragment
1898:Apostolic Fathers
1875:Cave of Treasures
1815:Apostolic Fathers
1803:(also called the
1793:(also called the
1783:(also called the
1773:(also called the
1763:(also called the
1710:Armenian Orthodox
1609:Apostolic Fathers
1148:(mid-2nd century)
1122:(mid-2nd century)
1120:Gospel of Marcion
1065:Didymus the Blind
858:School of Antioch
633:
632:
549:Doctrine of Addai
60:Apostolic Fathers
4257:
4086:Dead Sea Scrolls
4068:Dating the Bible
3946:Historical books
3583:Eastern Orthodox
3496:Eastern Orthodox
3484:
3477:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3228:
3214:
3213:
3179:
3150:
3118:
3091:
3070:
3051:
3037:
3013:
2993:
2948:
2945:
2939:
2932:
2926:
2923:
2917:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2853:
2847:
2840:
2834:
2829:(1990), Vol. 2:
2820:
2814:
2803:
2797:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2776:
2770:
2758:
2752:
2747:
2736:
2735:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2644:
2635:
2634:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2584:
2493:
2474:
2455:
2436:
2427:
2415:
2404:
2395:
2386:
2377:
2368:
2359:
2350:
2341:
2328:
2319:
2316:Vangeli apocrifi
2310:
2301:
2292:
2283:
2232:
2229:
2040:Jude the Apostle
1525:Acts of Mar Mari
1515:Acts of Barnabas
1499:Acts of Barnabas
1483:Leucius Charinus
1414:messianic figure
1332:Gospel of Philip
1152:Gospel of Thomas
1041:Jewish Christian
868:followed by the
835:Codex Sinaiticus
766:deuterocanonical
736:
730:
724:
718:
712:
711:
706:
700:
699:
690:
645:early Christians
625:
618:
611:
597:
596:
474:Peter and Andrew
323:Pseudo-Methodius
42:
19:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4233:
4210:
4154:
4072:
4063:Christian canon
4026:
3961:Prophetic books
3924:
3855:2 Thessalonians
3850:1 Thessalonians
3765:
3732:
3697:
3668:
3630:
3589:
3575:
3503:
3475:
3474:
3466:
3277:
3273:
3264:
3255:
3211:
3186:
3176:
3154:
3147:
3127:Strecker, Georg
3121:
3107:
3094:
3088:
3073:
3064:
3042:Ehrman, Bart D.
3040:
3034:
3016:
2996:
2960:
2957:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2942:
2936:Lost Scriptures
2933:
2929:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2903:
2899:
2891:
2887:
2879:
2875:
2868:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2841:
2837:
2821:
2817:
2804:
2800:
2793:
2789:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2768:Wayback Machine
2759:
2755:
2748:
2739:
2732:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2704:
2702:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2664:
2648:Ehrman, Bart D.
2646:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2601:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2544:List of Gospels
2500:
2490:
2477:
2471:
2458:
2452:
2439:
2430:
2424:
2407:
2398:
2389:
2380:
2371:
2362:
2353:
2344:
2331:
2322:
2313:
2304:
2295:
2286:
2277:
2274:
2230:
2213:
2191:
2186:
2063:
2036:Gospel of Judas
1984:
1957:Fayyum Fragment
1937:
1929:Book of the Bee
1852:
1844:Descent of Mary
1824:
1725:
1719:
1604:
1598:
1580:Acts of Timothy
1471:
1465:
1452:Ophite Diagrams
1445:
1443:Ritual diagrams
1402:
1369:Gospel of Truth
1355:
1317:Gospel of Judas
1293:
1273:
1267:
1265:Gnostic gospels
1261:
1246:
1182:Gospel of Peter
1167:
1165:Passion Gospels
1161:
1159:Passion Gospels
1116:
1110:
1033:
1027:
985:
983:Infancy gospels
979:
977:Infancy gospels
974:
972:List of gospels
966:Main articles:
964:
905:
852:(~347–407) and
850:John Chrysostom
842:Syriac Peshitta
789:
783:
778:
758:Gospel of Peter
673:
629:
591:
586:
585:
533:Other apocrypha
529:
528:
519:
518:
429:
428:
417:
416:
395:Paul and Seneca
390:Peter to Philip
365:
364:
353:
352:
308:
307:
296:
295:
190:Gnostic gospels
154:Infancy gospels
125:
124:
113:
112:
63:
62:
51:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4263:
4261:
4253:
4252:
4242:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4201:Synod of Hippo
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4135:Masoretic Text
4132:
4127:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4082:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3971:Minor prophets
3968:
3966:Major prophets
3958:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3779:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3744:Pseudepigrapha
3740:
3738:
3737:Classification
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3707:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3683:Psalms 152–155
3679:
3677:
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3669:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3640:
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3527:
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3404:
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3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3337:1–2 Chronicles
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3266:
3265:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3208:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3185:
3184:External links
3182:
3181:
3180:
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3145:
3119:
3105:
3092:
3086:
3071:
3062:
3038:
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3014:
2994:
2976:(1): 157–159.
2956:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2940:
2927:
2918:
2916:Craig A. Evans
2909:
2897:
2895:, p. 199.
2885:
2873:
2866:
2848:
2835:
2815:
2811:Edgar Hennecke
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2526:
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2519:Biblical canon
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2044:Judas Iscariot
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2017:
2007:
2002:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1976:Egerton Gospel
1972:
1966:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1936:
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1921:
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1914:Prayer of Paul
1911:
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1738:, also called
1721:Main article:
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1625:
1619:
1600:Main article:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1575:Acts of Thomas
1572:
1570:Acts of Pilate
1567:
1565:Acts of Philip
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1510:Acts of Andrew
1491:Acts of Thomas
1467:Main article:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1424:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1371:
1366:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1334:
1329:
1327:Gospel of Mary
1324:
1321:Judas Iscariot
1314:
1309:
1304:
1292:
1289:
1263:Main article:
1260:
1257:
1245:
1242:
1226:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1206:
1194:
1191:Acts of Pilate
1184:
1163:Main article:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1126:Gospel of Mani
1123:
1112:Main article:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1072:Church Fathers
1029:Main article:
1026:
1023:
989:biblical canon
981:Main article:
978:
975:
963:
960:
913:Jeremiah Jones
904:
901:
785:Main article:
782:
779:
777:
774:
754:pseudepigrapha
683:Medieval Latin
672:
669:
631:
630:
628:
627:
620:
613:
605:
602:
601:
588:
587:
584:
583:
577:
576:
575:Related topics
572:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
535:
534:
530:
526:
525:
524:
521:
520:
517:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
479:Peter and Paul
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
430:
424:
423:
422:
419:
418:
415:
414:
409:
403:
402:
398:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
366:
360:
359:
358:
355:
354:
351:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
309:
303:
302:
301:
298:
297:
294:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
262:
261:
257:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
230:
229:
225:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
193:
192:
186:
185:
178:
176:Pseudo-Matthew
173:
168:
163:
157:
156:
150:
149:
144:
139:
133:
132:
126:
120:
119:
118:
115:
114:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
64:
58:
57:
56:
53:
52:
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4262:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4157:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3818:2 Corinthians
3816:
3814:
3813:1 Corinthians
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3775:New Testament
3772:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3756:New Testament
3754:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3671:
3665:
3664:Broader canon
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3377:Song of Songs
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3275:Old Testament
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3252:
3247:
3245:
3240:
3238:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3146:0-664-22721-X
3142:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2931:
2928:
2922:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2874:
2869:
2867:9781598035964
2863:
2859:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2791:
2788:
2783:
2782:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2723:
2716:
2713:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2665:
2663:9780199756681
2659:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2630:9780521865784
2626:
2622:
2621:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2583:
2580:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2253:Easter letter
2250:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2231: 100 CE
2224:
2222:
2218:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2068:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1991:Gospel of Eve
1989:
1988:
1987:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:(also called
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1865:Book of Nepos
1863:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1603:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1545:Acts of Peter
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1389:Pistis Sophia
1387:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1259:Gnostic texts
1258:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1158:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1128:(3rd century)
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1107:
1105:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:Schneemelcher
1073:
1068:
1066:
1063:and probably
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
990:
984:
976:
973:
969:
961:
959:
957:
952:
950:
946:
942:
940:
939:Schneemelcher
936:
932:
928:
927:
923:. The series
922:
918:
914:
910:
902:
900:
898:
893:
889:
884:
882:
878:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
838:
836:
832:
829:), while the
828:
824:
820:
819:New Testament
816:
815:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
788:
780:
775:
773:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
738:
735:
729:
723:
717:
705:
694:
689:
684:
680:
679:
670:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
626:
621:
619:
614:
612:
607:
606:
604:
603:
600:
595:
590:
589:
582:
579:
578:
574:
573:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
536:
532:
531:
523:
522:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
431:
427:
421:
420:
413:
410:
408:
405:
404:
401:Lost epistles
400:
399:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
367:
363:
357:
356:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
310:
306:
300:
299:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
263:
259:
258:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
231:
228:Other gospels
227:
226:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
187:
184:
183:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
127:
123:
117:
116:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
69:
66:
65:
61:
55:
54:
49:
48:Codex Tchacos
41:
37:
36:
33:
29:
25:
21:
20:
4124:Vetus Latina
4122:
4105:
4058:Jewish canon
4053:Antilegomena
3955:Poetic Books
3951:Wisdom books
3929:Subdivisions
3842:
3755:
3547: /
3472:Deuterocanon
3392:Lamentations
3372:Ecclesiastes
3279:(protocanon)
3270:Hebrew Bible
3216:
3164:
3135:
3096:
3076:
3067:
3047:
3022:
3018:Cameron, Ron
3009:
3005:
2973:
2969:
2943:
2935:
2930:
2921:
2912:
2900:
2888:
2883:, p. 3.
2881:Elliott 2005
2876:
2857:
2851:
2843:
2838:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2806:
2801:
2790:
2780:
2774:
2756:
2721:
2715:
2703:. Retrieved
2699:
2690:
2681:
2672:
2652:
2619:
2612:
2604:
2589:
2582:
2479:
2460:
2441:
2432:
2411:
2400:
2391:
2382:
2373:
2364:
2355:
2346:
2337:
2333:
2324:
2315:
2306:
2297:
2288:
2279:
2266:
2247:
2225:
2216:
2214:
2204:
2192:
2076:
2064:
2023:
1994:
1985:
1938:
1879:The Treasure
1878:
1853:
1825:
1822:Fate of Mary
1804:
1794:
1784:
1774:
1764:
1726:
1605:
1535:Acts of Paul
1520:Acts of John
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1478:
1475:supernatural
1472:
1457:Books of Jeu
1446:
1403:
1274:
1250:
1247:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1201:
1174:
1168:
1103:
1069:
1034:
1008:
993:
986:
953:
943:
934:
924:
920:
917:William Hone
909:William Wake
906:
885:
866:lectionaries
862:Lee Peshitta
861:
839:
827:Antilegomena
812:
809:
790:
769:
746:antilegomena
739:
676:
674:
640:
636:
634:
554:Pilate cycle
407:Alexandrians
385:Pseudo-Titus
260:Lost gospels
180:
46:(Page 33 of
31:
4229:WikiProject
4107:Diatessaron
4078:Manuscripts
4031:Development
3833:Philippians
3703:Beta Israel
3621:4 Maccabees
3616:3 Maccabees
3530:2 Maccabees
3525:1 Maccabees
3307:Deuteronomy
2761:Reliability
2199:Bart Ehrman
2189:Present day
1924:Physiologus
1717:Apocalypses
1252:Diatessaron
931:M. R. James
874:East Syriac
722:Apokryptein
716:apokryptein
710:ἀποκρύπτειν
544:Diatessaron
459:The Martyrs
305:Apocalypses
266:Bartholomew
222:The Saviour
217:Secret Mark
4166:Authorship
4096:Septuagint
3941:Pentateuch
3920:Revelation
3844:Laodiceans
3838:Colossians
3327:1–2 Samuel
2825:, Vol. 1:
2574:References
2555:Q document
2251:wrote his
2249:Athanasius
2184:Evaluation
1982:Lost works
1850:Miscellany
1271:Apocryphon
1269:See also:
1140:Bardesanes
1138:Gospel of
1131:Gospel of
1057:Epiphanius
1017:, and the
814:apocryphal
797:ordination
704:apokryphos
695:adjective
688:apocryphus
685:adjective
671:Definition
641:apocryphon
639:(singular
412:Laodiceans
4005:Johannine
3865:2 Timothy
3860:1 Timothy
3828:Ephesians
3823:Galatians
3611:Psalm 151
3479:apocrypha
3457:Zechariah
3447:Zephaniah
3332:1–2 Kings
3297:Leviticus
2239:Montanism
1999:pantheism
1935:Fragments
1894:catechism
854:Theodoret
770:apocrypha
698:ἀπόκρυφος
678:apocrypha
675:The word
661:scripture
281:Basilides
276:Cerinthus
244:Nicodemus
147:Nazarenes
137:Ebionites
103:Diognetus
73:2 Clement
68:1 Clement
4244:Category
4219:Category
4118:Peshitta
4015:Catholic
4010:Pastoral
3995:Epistles
3988:Synoptic
3875:Philemon
3688:2 Baruch
3675:Peshitta
3649:Jubilees
3601:2 Esdras
3596:1 Esdras
3491:Catholic
3442:Habakkuk
3387:Jeremiah
3367:Proverbs
3347:Nehemiah
3222:LibriVox
3129:(1991).
3115:6868179M
3020:(1982).
3012:: 45–62.
3000:(1969).
2990:23962351
2964:(1971).
2938:pp. 2, 3
2934:Ehrman,
2764:Archived
2750:Peshitta
2650:(2003).
2498:See also
2217:Catholic
2026:xxvi. 2)
1602:Epistles
1596:Epistles
1501:and the
1493:and the
1406:Sethians
1053:Eusebius
911:and by
881:Holy See
872:and the
734:kryptein
657:apostles
499:Thaddeus
454:Mar Mari
444:Barnabas
362:Epistles
271:Matthias
254:Barnabas
98:Barnabas
24:a series
22:Part of
4191:Studies
4159:Related
4130:Vulgate
4000:Pauline
3978:Gospels
3895:2 Peter
3890:1 Peter
3880:Hebrews
3783:Matthew
3673:Syriac
3559:Susanna
3462:Malachi
3422:Obadiah
3397:Ezekiel
3302:Numbers
3287:Genesis
3260:of the
3162:(ed.).
2955:Sources
2705:7 March
2559:Matthew
2257:Didache
2167:Didache
1890:Didache
1712:church.
1277:Gnostic
1232:or the
1196:Pseudo-
1171:Passion
1133:Apelles
1096:3) The
1089:2) The
1082:1) The
1037:gospels
962:Gospels
776:History
760:or the
742:Gnostic
509:Timothy
343:2 James
338:1 James
333:Stephen
239:Marcion
142:Hebrews
93:Didache
4224:Portal
4101:Targum
3910:3 John
3905:2 John
3900:1 John
3808:Romans
3761:Jewish
3586:Others
3545:Baruch
3540:Sirach
3535:Wisdom
3515:Judith
3500:Others
3452:Haggai
3402:Daniel
3382:Isaiah
3362:Psalms
3352:Esther
3317:Judges
3312:Joshua
3292:Exodus
3172:
3143:
3113:
3103:
3084:
3060:
3056:–216.
3030:
2988:
2864:
2728:
2660:
2627:
2597:
2486:
2467:
2448:
2420:
1061:Jerome
1049:Origen
1013:, the
968:Gospel
805:canons
801:creeds
504:Thomas
494:Pilate
489:Philip
434:Andrew
348:2 John
328:Thomas
234:Thomas
207:Philip
171:Syriac
166:Thomas
3885:James
3870:Titus
3644:Enoch
3510:Tobit
3437:Nahum
3432:Micah
3427:Jonah
3407:Hosea
3262:Bible
3258:Books
2986:JSTOR
2336:[
2024:Haer.
1995:Haer.
1412:as a
1301:James
1039:of a
846:canon
793:Jesus
693:Greek
649:Jesus
527:Misc.
469:Peter
318:Peter
249:Peter
212:Truth
197:Judas
161:James
3983:List
3915:Jude
3803:Acts
3798:John
3793:Luke
3788:Mark
3749:list
3626:Odes
3417:Amos
3412:Joel
3342:Ezra
3322:Ruth
3170:ISBN
3141:ISBN
3101:ISBN
3082:ISBN
3068:216.
3058:ISBN
3028:ISBN
2862:ISBN
2726:ISBN
2707:2021
2658:ISBN
2625:ISBN
2595:ISBN
2563:Luke
2561:and
2553:The
2484:ISBN
2465:ISBN
2446:ISBN
2418:ISBN
2042:for
1974:The
1968:The
1961:The
1955:The
1949:The
1943:The
1842:The
1828:Mary
1463:Acts
1410:Seth
1404:The
970:and
886:The
840:The
728:apo-
635:The
464:Paul
449:John
426:Acts
313:Paul
286:Mani
202:Mary
3476:and
3357:Job
3054:197
2978:doi
919:'s
653:God
4246::
3125:;
3111:OL
3109:.
3066:.
3010:35
3008:.
3004:.
2984:.
2974:22
2972:.
2968:.
2740:^
2698:.
2680:.
2639:^
2603:.
2228:c.
2223:.
2197:.
2074:.
1900:.)
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1200:,
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1059:,
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1051:,
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1021:.
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837:.
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3236:v
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3149:.
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2980::
2870:.
2734:.
2709:.
2684:.
2666:.
2633:.
2492:.
2473:.
2454:.
2426:.
2394:.
2169:♦
2163:♦
2157:♦
2151:♦
2145:♦
2139:♦
2133:♦
2127:♦
2121:♦
2115:♦
2109:♦
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2097:♦
2091:♦
2085:♦
2046:)
2016:)
2001:)
1881:)
1817:)
1807:)
1797:)
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1767:)
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1742:)
1690:♦
1684:♦
1678:♦
1672:♦
1666:♦
1660:♦
1654:♦
1648:♦
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1636:♦
1630:♦
1624:♦
1618:♦
1433:)
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1365:)
1343:)
713:(
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