599:
477:
31:
394:
452:: a steel shell faced with whitemetal bearing material. Rather than re-metalling the bearing journals and hand-scraping a new bearing surface to fit the crankshaft, these bearings were disposable after use. Several replacement bearing shells were expected to be fitted before the crankshaft required re-grinding. Had the tractor been built at Ford, Dagenham as originally intended, it is likely that the engine would still have been designed around the
469:
finish, other manufacturers saw them as over-complex. However Banner Lane's building of sleeve-valve
Bristol engines during the war had given them the necessary experience and equipment. Throughout the engine's service it was seen as a dependable and reliable engine, if slightly staid and tractor-like. The liners never gave the trouble experienced by other engines such as the much later
643:
464:
did the thin tubes of the liners. The liners were only loosely installed into the block with hand pressure. The sealing of the liners into the engine block was at the bottom by a pair of soft metal "spectacle washers" that each sealed a pair of liners. Each liner stood slightly proud of the cylinder block face. so that it formed a good seal against the
567:, making this Britain's first production diesel car. This was followed by the Standard 23C engine in 1956. The 23C had its bore increased to 3 5/16" for a capacity of 2,260 cc. Massey-Ferguson stopped using the Standard engine in favor of Perkins units in 1959. After Standard-Triumph was taken over by
606:
The
Standard Vanguard used the same 2,088 cc "85 mm" engine that had been developed for the tractor. Compression ratio remained the same at 6:1 but the valve and ignition timing were changed to suit road driving conditions and a more predictable quality of petrol. The governor was removed
549:
and ignition timing. A heat shield around the manifolds increased the inlet temperature, encouraging vapourisation of the fuel. To avoid problems with fuel condensation in the inlet ports, diameter of the valves (in some engine versions) was also reduced, thus increasing flow velocity. The lamp oil
489:
engine, albeit with longer tubes the entire length of the cylinder). These tubes were expanded at top and bottom to seal them and thus became a permanent part of the cylinder head. The separate tubes were reliable, less expensive to manufacture than casting them into the head, and gave that side of
374:
in
Detroit. Afterwards, Ferguson wished to continue this arrangement with an improved TO20 tractor (for "Tractor Overseas") and also a TE20 (for "Tractor England") to be built by Ford's plant at Dagenham. Ford however was unwilling and it was Standard which was to build the tractors at Banner Lane.
463:
to form the cylinders. Rather than the cylinders being bored into the cast-iron block, separate thin-walled steel tubes were inserted into a hollow block. The space between liner and block formed a large uninterrupted water jacket, which improved cylinder heat dispersal into the cooling system, as
484:
Another distinctive, although less revolutionary, feature of the engine was the location of the tubes carrying the valve pushrods. Rather than being cast inside the cylinder head, thus requiring more cores and complexity, they were outside the main casting of the cylinder head. The top and bottom
583:
A larger capacity of 2,088 cc was achieved by changing the pistons and liners for a bore of 85 mm, retaining the stroke of 92 mm. These are generally known as "85 mm engines", in contrast to the original "80 mm". After 1955, the engines in
Ferguson tractors had a bore of
468:
when assembled. Such wet liners had been used in high performance engines for many years, but this was an early example of them for a low-cost, mass-production engine. Particularly with the advanced grinding techniques necessary to make such a thin-walled tube with good concentricity and surface
614:
and a compression ratio of 8:1, yielding 90 hp (67 kW) at 4500 rpm. The Ensign was an economy version introduced in 1957. The engine in the original Ensign had its cylinders sleeved to 76 mm, giving a capacity of 1670 cc and a power output of 60 hp (45 kW) at
520:
to allow the engine speed to be set somewhere between idling speed of 400 rpm and full power speed of 2,200 rpm, maintaining this speed against varying loads. The "belt hp" rating of the tractor was 23.9 hp although the
562:
for the TE-F20 tractor. Called the
Standard 20C, this was a new engine design, different from the petrol engine. Bore of 3 3/16" and stroke of 4" gave a capacity of 2,092 cc. In 1954 this engine also found its way into the
447:
being pre-graded into standardised sizes and marked as such. This avoided the need for costly hand-fitting during assembly and also simplified replacement in service. It was one of the first mass-production engines to use
485:
faces of the cylinder head were extended to form a flange on the camshaft side of the engine with individual steel tubes placed through the flanges to enclose each pushrod (a similar system was used for the
630:
and a redesigned inlet manifold. The bore was around 84.45mm and original stroke of 92mm made it into a 2061cc engine. It made a claimed 83 bhp at 4250 rpm and production ended when
607:
and the power output rose to 68 bhp. The Phase III version of the
Vanguard, introduced in 1955, had a compression ratio of 7.5:1 but the power output remained at 68 hp (51 kW).
401:
The new tractor engine appeared in 1947. It was a petrol powered four-cylinder engine with a bore of 80 mm and stroke of 92 mm, for a total capacity of 1,850 cc. The engine was
669:
of the
Roadster was replaced by the Vanguard drivetrain, including the 85 mm wet liner engine, in October 1948; the saloon's drivetrain was similarly transplanted in February 1949.
615:
4000 rpm. In 1962 this was replaced by an uprated Ensign with an 86 mm bore, giving a capacity of 2138 cc and a power output of 75 hp (56 kW) at 4100 rpm.
439:
Construction of the engine would be regarded as typical for the 1950s, although this engine was developed in the late 1940s and its lineal derivatives, the
Triumph straight-four and
925:
425:
were driven from a camshaft mounted in the side of the cylinder block via vertical pushrods and adjustable rockers. Cylinder block and crankcase were
631:
550:
engine used a zero octane paraffin (kerosene) fuel, but was only suitable for use in warm climates, or else the fuel did not vapourise adequately.
1303:
1308:
443:
engines, would remain in production into the 1970s. In some aspects it was advanced for its day, particularly in its use of components such as
1277:
1232:
598:
863:
The wet liner engine was sold to specialist manufacturers without the resources to build their own engines. Most notable among these was
1318:
610:
The engine was also used in two variants of the
Vanguard. The Sportsman was a high-performance version made in 1956 and 1957 with two
476:
493:
Farms up until then had little machinery, electricity was still uncommon, and the tractor was also expected to be able to power
907:
1313:
921:
619:
336:. Displacement varied from 1,850 cc to 2,088 cc (and 2,188 cc in a tractor variant), growing with time.
930:
The Banner Lane works of
Standard Motor Co. Ltd. Coventry ... devoted entirely to the manufacture of Ferguson tractors
30:
951:
345:
376:
876:
505:
534:
298:
223:
51:
490:
the engine its distinctive "hollow" appearance with the rocker box appearing to be supported by columns.
689:
654:
453:
196:
449:
325:
1242:
864:
517:
79:
623:
94:
46:
533:
The first tractor models of 1947 were built for petrol fuel. In 1949 versions of the engine using
1273:
1254:
1228:
872:
593:
572:
564:
546:
513:
502:
486:
418:
393:
379:
Z-120 petrol engine, but the TE-A20 and later models used a new engine developed by Standard.
306:
262:
662:
360:
880:
426:
250:
156:
688:. All the TRs using this engine used two SU carburettors except the TR4A, which used two
480:
Spark plug side of cylinder head, showing the valve pushrod tubes (Ferguson TE20 tractor)
658:
627:
611:
568:
522:
498:
494:
470:
422:
414:
371:
352:
317:
305:
tractor, it was widely used for Standard passenger cars of the 1950s, most notably the
235:
84:
1297:
559:
542:
509:
433:
388:
329:
302:
294:
256:
180:
125:
1227:(e-book ed.). Poundbury, Dorchester, UK: Veloce Publishing. pp. 281–287.
899:
835:
743:
685:
681:
364:
333:
321:
166:
1267:
813:
809:
787:
765:
646:
465:
402:
349:
291:
868:
677:
673:
666:
642:
440:
410:
310:
278:
191:
87:
460:
429:
173:
413:
and the British practice of building long stroke engines, dictated by the
538:
356:
227:
309:. Later it was successfully used in Standard's popular early generation
947:
622:
in India. When it was introduced in 1986, the engine was modified with
1173:
1171:
301:. Originally developed concurrently for passenger car use and for the
1245:(1973). "Trundling Along With Triumph – The story thus far...".
444:
406:
1218:. Automobile Repair. Vol. IV. London: Newnes. pp. 132–143.
1020:"Ferguson Tractors", TE-A20 2,088 cc petrol engine, p. 154
456:
that Ford continued with on small car engines throughout the 1950s.
1209:. Automobile Repair. Vol. III. London: Newnes. pp. 34–45.
459:
The distinctive, and unusual, feature of the engine was its use of
657:
in 1944 and, after the Second World War, began manufacture of the
641:
597:
475:
392:
1068:
1066:
1258:
208:
696:
Engine data for TR models using the Standard wet liner engine
421:
of 5.77:1 reflected the era's low octane fuel. Conventional
363:
engines, an air-cooled radial engine, with Bristol's typical
1083:
1081:
1006:"Ferguson Tractors", TE-F20 diesel engine, pp. 153-154
367:. With peace in 1945, this huge factory then stood empty.
525:
of 20 hp gave the tractor its model number of TE20.
1098:
1096:
1057:
Automobile Repair Vol III – Cars and Commercial Vehicles
584:
87 mm, giving a capacity of 2,188 cc engines.
545:
of around 60 and so the engine had the usual changes to
344:
The engine's origins lay in the wartime production of
1223:
Culshaw, David; Horrobin, Peter (2013) . "Standard".
948:"Serial numbers and dates: TE-20 Tractor- all models"
497:. For this purpose, the tractor was equipped with a
1056:
274:
269:
249:
244:
234:
218:
207:
202:
190:
179:
165:
155:
124:
93:
78:
73:
65:
57:
45:
40:
23:
1225:The Complete Catalogue of British Cars 1895 - 1975
571:in 1961, this engine was updated and redesignated
320:engine featured novel advances for an immediate
1272:. Poundbury, Dorchester, UK: Veloce Publishing.
1043:Automobile Repair Vol IV – Agricultural Tractors
1017:Automobile Repair Vol IV – Agricultural Tractors
1003:Automobile Repair Vol IV – Agricultural Tractors
975:Automobile Repair Vol IV – Agricultural Tractors
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
405:(long stroke), favouring the tractor's need for
1177:
1072:
942:
940:
938:
875:, which was later reorganized as Warwick, and
501:shaft at the rear. This could drive either a
35:1991 cc Triumph version fitted in a 1961 TR3A
8:
558:In March 1951 Standard produced their first
370:During the war, Ford had built tractors for
900:"Standard Factories: Banner Lane, Coventry"
1060:"Repairing the 'Vanguard'", pp. 34–45
665:based on pre-war Standard components. The
29:
20:
1253:(2). Automobile Quarterly Inc.: 116–145.
1189:
1162:
1150:
1138:
1087:
694:
618:The last car to use this engine was the
18:Reciprocating internal combustion engine
891:
1269:The Book of the Standard Motor Company
1126:
1114:
1102:
1029:
978:"Ferguson Tractors", pp. 132–143
928:from the original on 17 August 2014.
910:from the original on 19 October 2014.
672:The wet liner engine was used in all
288:Standard wet liner inline-four engine
117:2,188 cc (133.5 cu in)
114:2,138 cc (130.5 cu in)
111:2,088 cc (127.4 cu in)
108:1,991 cc (121.5 cu in)
105:1,850 cc (112.9 cu in)
102:1,670 cc (101.9 cu in)
24:Standard wet liner inline-four engine
7:
1042:
1016:
1002:
989:
974:
871:. Others included sports car maker
954:from the original on 29 July 2013.
653:Standard bought the assets of the
359:. From 1939 this factory produced
14:
1046:"Ferguson Tractors", Data Sheet 4
987:0.003 in to 0.0055 in,
922:"Ferguson TE-A-20 tractor manual"
867:, which used the engine in their
950:. Friends of Ferguson Heritage.
924:. Harry Ferguson Ltd. Coventry.
512:, or static machinery such as a
230:(variant engines, not multifuel)
879:, who used the engine in their
659:Triumph Town and Country saloon
541:were introduced. TVO has a low
516:. The engine was fitted with a
1304:Standard Motor Company engines
1:
1309:Triumph Motor Company engines
1178:Culshaw & Horrobin (2013)
1073:Culshaw & Horrobin (2013)
1207:Cars and Commercial Vehicles
1205:"Repairing the "Vanguard"".
375:The first TE20 model used a
1266:Robson, Graham (May 2011).
279:Standard Triumph inline-six
1335:
591:
386:
355:, operated by Standard in
1319:Gasoline engines by model
849:104 hp (78 kW)
827:100 hp (75 kW)
801:100 hp (75 kW)
626:combustion chamber, twin
161:92 mm (3.62 in)
148:87 mm (3.43 in)
145:86 mm (3.39 in)
142:85 mm (3.35 in)
139:83 mm (3.27 in)
136:80 mm (3.15 in)
133:76 mm (2.99 in)
28:
779:90 hp (67 kW)
757:75 hp (56 kW)
735:71 hp (53 kW)
348:aero engines at the new
61:Standard Vanguard engine
718:max. power output, rpm
324:design, which included
257:Ferguson TE-A20 tractor
650:
603:
481:
398:
299:Standard Motor Company
52:Standard Motor Company
1314:Straight-four engines
1243:Langworth, Richard M.
1216:Agricultural Tractors
1214:"Ferguson Tractors".
877:Swallow Coachbuilding
655:Triumph Motor Company
645:
601:
479:
397:Ferguson TE20 tractor
396:
383:Ferguson TE20 tractor
1247:Automobile Quarterly
1180:, pp. 318, 320.
990:Automobile Repair IV
579:85 and 87 mm engines
292:inline four cylinder
1117:, pp. 132–133.
904:Standard Motor Club
697:
634:shut down in 1988.
454:whitemetal bearings
222:petrol (gasoline),
1249:. Second Quarter.
859:Other applications
695:
684:prototypes to the
680:from the TR-X and
651:
604:
482:
450:thin-wall bearings
399:
326:thin-wall bearings
1279:978-1-845843-43-4
1234:978-1-845845-83-4
856:
855:
723:TR-X (prototype)
602:Standard Vanguard
594:Standard Vanguard
565:Phase II Vanguard
547:compression ratio
529:Alternative fuels
487:Volkswagen Beetle
419:compression ratio
332:and loose-fitted
328:with replaceable
316:The water-cooled
311:Triumph TR series
284:
283:
263:Standard Vanguard
1326:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1262:
1238:
1219:
1210:
1193:
1190:Langworth (1973)
1187:
1181:
1175:
1166:
1163:Langworth (1973)
1160:
1154:
1151:Langworth (1973)
1148:
1142:
1139:Langworth (1973)
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1091:
1088:Langworth (1973)
1085:
1076:
1070:
1061:
1053:
1047:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1013:
1007:
999:
993:
985:
979:
971:
956:
955:
944:
933:
932:
918:
912:
911:
896:
744:20TS (prototype)
698:
663:Triumph Roadster
361:Bristol Hercules
297:produced by the
33:
21:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1294:
1293:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1265:
1241:
1235:
1222:
1213:
1204:
1201:
1196:
1188:
1184:
1176:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1094:
1086:
1079:
1071:
1064:
1054:
1050:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1010:
1000:
996:
986:
982:
972:
959:
946:
945:
936:
920:
919:
915:
898:
897:
893:
889:
861:
717:
716:engine speed at
640:
612:SU carburettors
596:
590:
581:
556:
531:
423:overhead valves
417:regulations. A
391:
385:
342:
260:
255:23.9 bhp (
151:
120:
69:1947–1956
36:
19:
12:
11:
5:
1332:
1330:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1278:
1263:
1239:
1233:
1220:
1211:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1192:, p. 135.
1182:
1167:
1165:, p. 141.
1155:
1153:, p. 133.
1143:
1141:, p. 131.
1131:
1129:, p. 133.
1119:
1107:
1105:, p. 102.
1092:
1090:, p. 130.
1077:
1075:, p. 287.
1062:
1048:
1034:
1032:, p. 199.
1022:
1008:
994:
980:
957:
934:
913:
890:
888:
885:
860:
857:
854:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
832:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
806:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
784:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
762:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
740:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
720:
719:
714:
711:
708:
707:capacity (cc)
705:
702:
639:
636:
632:Standard India
628:SU carburetors
592:Main article:
589:
586:
580:
577:
573:Leyland OE.138
555:
552:
537:, and in 1950
530:
527:
499:power take-off
495:farm machinery
471:Rover K-series
415:tax horsepower
387:Main article:
384:
381:
353:shadow factory
341:
338:
318:overhead valve
282:
281:
276:
272:
271:
267:
266:
253:
247:
246:
242:
241:
238:
236:Cooling system
232:
231:
220:
216:
215:
212:
205:
204:
200:
199:
194:
188:
187:
184:
177:
176:
170:
167:Cylinder block
163:
162:
159:
153:
152:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
130:
128:
122:
121:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
99:
97:
91:
90:
85:Overhead valve
82:
76:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
49:
43:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1331:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1281:
1275:
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1270:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
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1236:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1127:Robson (2011)
1123:
1120:
1116:
1115:Robson (2011)
1111:
1108:
1104:
1103:Robson (2011)
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1030:Robson (2011)
1026:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1004:
998:
995:
992:
991:
984:
981:
977:
976:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
958:
953:
949:
943:
941:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
917:
914:
909:
905:
901:
895:
892:
886:
884:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
858:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
837:
834:
833:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
815:
811:
808:
807:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
789:
786:
785:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
767:
764:
763:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
745:
742:
741:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
721:
715:
713:power output
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
699:
693:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
648:
644:
637:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
620:Standard 2000
616:
613:
608:
600:
595:
588:Standard cars
587:
585:
578:
576:
574:
570:
566:
561:
560:diesel engine
553:
551:
548:
544:
543:octane rating
540:
536:
528:
526:
524:
519:
515:
511:
507:
504:
500:
496:
491:
488:
478:
474:
472:
467:
462:
457:
455:
451:
446:
442:
437:
435:
434:cylinder head
432:, as was the
431:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
395:
390:
389:Ferguson TE20
382:
380:
378:
373:
368:
366:
365:sleeve valves
362:
358:
354:
351:
347:
339:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
314:
313:sports cars.
312:
308:
304:
303:Ferguson TE20
300:
296:
295:petrol engine
293:
289:
280:
277:
273:
268:
264:
261:68 bhp (
258:
254:
252:
248:
243:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
210:
206:
201:
198:
195:
193:
189:
185:
182:
181:Cylinder head
178:
175:
171:
168:
164:
160:
158:
157:Piston stroke
154:
147:
144:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
129:
127:
126:Cylinder bore
123:
116:
113:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
98:
96:
92:
89:
86:
83:
81:
80:Configuration
77:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
53:
50:
48:
44:
39:
32:
27:
22:
16:
1283:. Retrieved
1268:
1250:
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1224:
1215:
1206:
1185:
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1055:
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1025:
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1001:
997:
988:
983:
973:
929:
916:
903:
894:
862:
788:TR3 and TR3A
710:comp. ratio
671:
652:
638:Triumph cars
617:
609:
605:
582:
557:
532:
492:
483:
458:
441:straight-six
438:
400:
369:
343:
315:
287:
285:
251:Power output
240:water-cooled
95:Displacement
47:Manufacturer
15:
678:sports cars
647:Triumph TR3
466:head gasket
403:undersquare
377:Continental
350:Banner Lane
214:carburettor
172:cast iron,
58:Also called
1298:Categories
1285:19 October
1199:References
704:bore (mm)
690:Strombergs
674:Triumph TR
667:drivetrain
523:tax rating
508:such as a
461:wet liners
411:horsepower
334:wet liners
270:Chronology
203:Combustion
192:Valvetrain
174:wet liners
88:straight 4
66:Production
510:rotovator
506:implement
430:cast iron
427:one piece
275:Successor
219:Fuel type
186:cast iron
1259:62004005
952:Archived
926:Archived
908:Archived
873:Peerless
676:-series
661:and the
539:lamp oil
518:governor
514:thresher
372:Ferguson
357:Coventry
322:post-war
307:Vanguard
228:lamp oil
183:material
169:material
41:Overview
881:Doretti
569:Leyland
503:hitched
445:pistons
346:Bristol
340:Origins
290:was an
1276:
1257:
1231:
869:Plus 4
865:Morgan
846:9.0:1
824:9.0:1
798:8.5:1
776:8.5:1
754:7.0:1
732:7.0:1
701:model
554:Diesel
407:torque
330:shells
245:Output
211:system
74:Layout
887:Notes
852:4700
843:2138
830:4600
821:2138
804:5000
795:1991
782:4500
773:1991
760:4500
751:1991
738:4200
729:2088
624:Heron
409:over
1287:2014
1274:ISBN
1255:LCCN
1229:ISBN
836:TR4A
812:and
810:TR3B
686:TR4A
682:20TS
286:The
209:Fuel
840:86
818:86
814:TR4
792:83
770:83
766:TR2
748:83
726:85
535:TVO
224:TVO
197:OHV
1300::
1251:11
1170:^
1095:^
1080:^
1065:^
960:^
937:^
906:.
902:.
883:.
692:.
575:.
473:.
436:.
259:)
226:,
1289:.
1261:.
1237:.
649:A
265:)
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