154:(i.e., wind-blown/created) coversand varies from 1.5 metres in the centre and east of the desert to 2.5 metres in the west. The maximum height of the sandy deposits altogether (including aeolian cover-sand) is 27.4 metres. The deposits are predominantly fine and medium sand, though gravel and boulders are also observed. The age of the dunes and aeolian coversands was estimated in 1999 as being 480 years +/- 50 years, which matches the development of zinc and lead mining in the area.
137:
in the 16th century when draining of the area and further cutting of trees to make pit-props lead to more exposure of sand-deposits. When the ore industry in the area collapsed in the late 17th and early 18th centuries they may have become overgrown thus fixing them. Renewed activity in the late 18th century and early 19th century appears to have led to renewed deforestation and further formation of dunes. By 1815 Olkusz was described as being "surrounded by sand sea".
29:
131:
Prior to the 12th century the sandy deposits of the area were covered by dense forest. The desert is believed to have been created by sand deposits becoming exposed due to the combined effect of tree-felling from the 13th century onwards, Zinc and Lead mining in the area (for which trees were felled
136:
operations), fire-break roads being cut through overlying forest, and periods of high winds in the 13th-15th centuries, the 16th-17th centuries, the turn of 18th and 19th centuries, and that of 20th and 21st centuries. Dunes first formed in the area around the 14th-15th centuries. More dunes formed
140:
By the 1930s the sand-covered area extended over 5 square kilometres, with wind-blown sand becoming a problem for the people of Olkusz. This led to a 1949 decision to extensively plant the area with pine and
Caspian willow in order to fix the sand in place preventing further wind-blown sand in
149:
The sandy deposits formed as a result of fluvio-glacial, fluvial-proluvial, or fluvial-deluvial action in the area. Particularly the sands in the eastern part of the "desert" (where the river Sztola lies) are assumed to be the result of fluvial-proluvial action. The depth of
141:
Olkusz, resulting in the present over-grown state of the desert. However the desert was temporarily re-exposed by fires in 1992 and 2013, and regrowth of trees in the area is hindered by the poor quality of the soil.
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123:. The desert takes its name from the former village of Starczynów, which was merged into Bukowno in 1958.
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173:"Pustynie w Polsce: gdzie się znajdują? 5 mniej znanych atrakcji naszego kraju"
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259:"Human activity and aeolian relief of Starczynów "Desert", Poland"
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201:"Pustynie w Polsce - ile ich jest i gdzie się znajdują?"
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297:Antczak-Górka, Barbara; Schirmer, Wolfgang (1999).
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299:"Sandy deposits in the Starczynów "Desert""
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263:Environmental & Socio-economic Studies
228:"Starczynów od średniowiecza do rozbiorów"
18:
274:
163:
7:
226:Dziechciarz, Olgerd (4 May 2014).
14:
257:Pełka-Gościniak, Jolanta (2013).
132:to provide pit-props and to fuel
305:. Lit Verlag. pp. 166–168.
171:CZOCHARA, Nino (23 March 2021).
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39:5 km (1.9 sq mi)
1:
89:50°15′46″N 19°27′34″E
1352:
205:National Geographic Polska
1298:
368:
276:10.1515/environ-2015-0013
26:
393:List of deserts by area
975:Gran Desierto de Altar
303:Dunes and Fossil Soils
117:Malopolska Voivodeship
105:Pustynia Starczynowska
104:
54:Pustynia Starczynowska
53:
1274:North American Arctic
1015:North American Arctic
1336:Geography of Poland
1202:Los Médanos de Coro
950:Channeled scablands
573:Ramlat al-Sab'atayn
995:Jornada del Muerto
398:Desert exploration
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540:Arabian Peninsula
496:Plaine des Sables
97:Starczynów Desert
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22:Starczynów Desert
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16:Desert in Poland
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985:Great Salt Lake
930:Baja California
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877:Bardenas Reales
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794:Iranian Plateau
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461:Farafra (White)
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388:List of deserts
378:Desertification
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1055:Tule (Arizona)
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1050:Tonopah Desert
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1025:Painted Desert
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1232:Polar regions
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1184:South America
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1060:Tule (Nevada)
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694:Gurbantünggüt
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578:Rub' al Khali
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1323:
1254:Meyer Desert
1112:Little Sandy
882:Cabo de Gata
764:Indus Valley
684:Badain Jaran
606:Aral Karakum
598:Central Asia
588:Wahiba Sands
501:Richtersveld
426:Black Desert
383:Polar desert
316:. Retrieved
302:
292:
280:. Retrieved
266:
262:
235:. Retrieved
231:
221:
209:. Retrieved
204:
180:. Retrieved
176:
166:
148:
139:
130:
96:
94:
1162:New Zealand
1142:Sturt Stony
1102:Great Sandy
1040:Smoke Creek
1005:Lechuguilla
990:Great Sandy
980:Great Basin
621:Betpak-Dala
119:, southern
85:Coordinates
49:Native name
1249:Antarctica
1212:Patagonian
1197:La Guajira
1137:Strzelecki
1030:Red Desert
970:Forty Mile
955:Chihuahuan
935:Black Rock
751:South Asia
736:Taklamakan
511:Tanezrouft
269:(3): 1–6.
232:Um Bukowno
158:References
1279:Greenland
1241:Antarctic
1089:Australia
965:Escalante
902:Deliblato
759:Cholistan
676:East Asia
476:Moçâmedes
177:Radio Zet
69:Geography
1330:Category
1308:Category
960:Colorado
940:Carcross
925:Amargosa
897:Tabernas
887:Monegros
837:Registan
641:Moiynkum
636:Kyzylkum
548:Ad-Dahna
466:Kalahari
416:Algerian
134:smelting
1313:Commons
1303:Project
1222:Tatacoa
1217:Sechura
1192:Atacama
1170:Rangipo
1132:Simpson
1127:Pedirka
1122:Painted
1080:Oceania
1045:Sonoran
892:Oleshky
769:Katpana
741:Tengger
666:Ustyurt
656:Sarykum
631:Karakum
616:Barsuki
611:Aralkum
563:Judaean
558:Arabian
521:Western
451:Eastern
441:Danakil
362:deserts
152:Aeolian
145:Geology
127:History
115:in the
113:Bukowno
74:Country
1266:Arctic
1152:Tirari
1147:Tanami
1097:Gibson
1035:Sevier
1020:Owyhee
1010:Mojave
945:Carson
920:Alvord
869:Europe
855:La Paz
832:Polond
827:Naomid
774:Kharan
731:Qaidam
719:Kubuqi
709:Kumtag
661:Taukum
583:Syrian
516:Ténéré
506:Sahara
486:Nubian
471:Libyan
446:Djurab
436:Chalbi
421:Bayuda
408:Africa
373:Desert
360:World
318:12 May
309:
282:12 May
237:12 May
211:11 May
182:11 May
121:Poland
109:Olkusz
101:Polish
78:Poland
61:Polish
57:
44:Naming
1207:Monte
822:Margo
812:Leili
807:Khash
802:Kavir
724:Mu Us
714:Ordos
568:Negev
553:Nefud
491:Nyiri
481:Namib
456:Ferlo
1070:Yuma
1065:Yuha
1000:Kaʻū
784:Thar
779:Thal
699:Hami
689:Gobi
531:Asia
431:Blue
320:2021
307:ISBN
284:2021
239:2021
213:2021
184:2021
111:and
95:The
36:Area
817:Lut
704:Lop
646:Ryn
271:doi
1332::
301:.
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247:^
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192:^
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103::
353:e
346:t
339:v
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273::
267:1
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99:(
63:)
59:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
