551:, IARC director from 1982 to 1993, was allegedly "barred from entering the building" in 2003 after "accusing the IARC of softpedaling the risks of industrial chemicals" in a 2002 article. In 2003 thirty public-health scientists signed a letter targeting conflicts of interest and the lack of transparency. Tomatis accused the IARC of "highly irregular" voting procedures, alleging industrial interferences, and called for the agency to publish voting procedures and names in details for independent scrutiny.
45:
220:
2658:
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added that the IARC only chooses substances to evaluate from which there already exists a body of scientific literature that says there is a carcinogenic risk to humans. Wild said that because IARC does not select substances at random, it has a low rate of determining a substance as not being cancer-causing.
656:
and classified the consumption of red meat as "probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A)", mainly related to colorectal cancer, and to pancreatic and prostate cancer. It also evaluated processed meat to be "carcinogenic to humans (Group 1)", due to "sufficient evidence in humans that the consumption
643:
argued that the IARC is too prone to conclude that substances are carcinogenic. However, IARC respond that the
Working Groups methods are "widely respected for their scientific rigor, standardized and transparent process and for freedom from conflicts of interest." Director of IARC Chris Wild further
351:
based on qualitative assessment of animal and human evidence. The IARC Working Groups classify agents, mixtures and exposures into one of five categories. The categorization is a matter of scientific judgement that reflects the strength of evidence derived from studies in humans, experimental animals
712:
causing cancer in humans, classifying the sweetener as possibly carcinogenic. The lead investigator of the IARC report stated that the classification "shouldn't really be taken as a direct statement that indicates that there is a known cancer hazard from consuming aspartame. This is really more of a
554:
The IARC rejected these criticisms, highlighting that only 17 of 410 of the working-group participants were consultants to industry and these people never served as chairs, nor were allowed to vote. The reason the details of the voting names were not published was to avoid political pressures on the
414:
evidence of carcinogenicity in humans, but if it clearly belongs to this category based on mechanistic considerations. Examples of agents classified as Group 2A include emissions from high-temperature frying of food, the occupational exposures as a hairdresser or barber, consumption of red meat and
235:
relating his story, and urging support for the creation of an international center to fight against cancer, whose funding where to be directly debited from the national budgets allocated to nuclear weaponry. Touched by the letter, d'Astier assembled a group of French prominent figures, among which
504:
Substances that do not fall into any other group are placed in this category. This is not a determination of non-carcinogenicity or overall safety. It means that further research is needed, especially when exposures are widespread or the cancer data are consistent with differing interpretations.
679:, a British science journalist, criticized the agency and its "confusing" category system for misleading the public. IARC answered in a press release their mission was not to evaluate potency or to assess the risks but only to determine scientifically the strength of carcinogenetic evidence of
623:
In early 2016, members of the scientific panel that reviewed glyphosate in 2015 were issued legal requests in the U.S. related to their work. In April 2016, internal IARC officials told its experts to not release documents or comply with the legal requests related to its review of glyphosate.
465:
evidence of carcinogenicity from mechanistic and other relevant data. Examples of agents classified as Group 2B include occupational exposures in working in the textile manufacturing industry, printing processes, traditional Asian pickled vegetables, and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields.
731:
Aspartame being labeled by IARC as "possibly carcinogenic to humans" does not mean that aspartame is actually linked to cancer. The FDA disagrees with IARC's conclusion that these studies support classifying aspartame as a possible carcinogen to humans. FDA scientists reviewed the scientific
686:
Some of the items that the IARC classifies, such as mobile phones (Group 2B) and processed meat (Group 1) have caused controversy. The agency has also classified drinking very hot beverages – around 70 °C (158 °F) – as a probable carcinogen (Group 2A).
635:(NIH) about NIH's grant funding to the IARC. The NIH grant database showed that it has given the IARC over $ 1.2 million in 2016. Jason Chaffetz (Republican) asked the NIH to give his committee details of its standards for awarding grants and vetting grant nominees. Additionally, Congressman
311:
on the 11 November. The project rapidly gained momentum, and IARC was created on 20 May 1965, by a resolution of the World Health
Assembly, as the specialized cancer agency of the World Health Organization. The Agency's headquarters building was provided by its host in
699:
firms" who make profit of suing companies for compensation for alleged health issues based on IARC classification. IARC was accused from hiding conflicts of interest impacting a few invited experts, especially those related to large-scale cash flows from US law firms.
615:(ACC), the trade group for U.S. chemical companies, declared that IARC evaluates how hazardous a substance is based on whether the substance could "cause cancer in humans under any circumstances, including at exposure levels beyond what is typical."
2167:
375:
evidence in exposed humans that the agent acts through a relevant mechanism of carcinogenicity. Examples of agents classified as Group 1 include tobacco smoke, alcoholic beverages, Chinese-style salted fish and consumption of processed meat.
352:
and other relevant data. The classification is based only on the strength of evidence for carcinogenicity, not on the relative increase of cancer risk due to exposure, or on the amount of agent exposure necessary to cause cancer.
339:
In 1970, after IARC received numerous requests for lists of known and suspected human carcinogens, its advisory committee recommended that expert groups prepare a compendium on carcinogenic chemicals, which began publishing the
628:
2725:
2618:
2613:
1240:
1423:
1245:
639:(Republican), chairman of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture, wrote a letter in June 2016 to the head of the NIH questioning the funding of IARC. Republican congressman
531:
lack of carcinogenicity in experimental animals, consistently and strongly supported by a broad range of mechanistic and other relevant data may be classified group 4. As of 2018, only
410:
evidence that the carcinogenesis is mediated by a mechanism that also operates in humans. Exceptionally, an agent (or mixture) may solely be classified under this category if there is
2715:
2608:
2730:
2671:
2168:"Predatort Part II: How predatory lawyers, activist scientists hijacked IARC – International Agency for Research on Cancer – for personal profit and ideological vanity"
2098:
2348:
667:, criticized the classification because it did not assess the risks associated with exposure (probability of getting a cancer from certain exposure): for example,
2125:
1890:
664:
2710:
1642:
732:
information included in IARC's review in 2021 when it was first made available and identified significant shortcomings in the studies on which IARC relied.
597:
461:
evidence of carcinogenicity from mechanistic and other relevant data. An agent or a mixture may also be classified in this category solely on the basis of
1865:
713:
call to the research community to try to better clarify and understand the carcinogenic hazard that may or may not be posed by aspartame consumption."
2392:
588:
Subsequently, many national regulatory authorities underwent a reevaluation of the risk posed by the exposure to glyphosate. Regulators in Europe (
596:), Canada, Japan and New Zealand reported that the glyphosate was unlikely to pose any carcinogenic risk to humans. California put glyphosate on
1831:
2015:
2451:
1532:
1507:
1378:
1315:
367:
evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. The determination is usually based on epidemiological studies on humans, but can also be based on
1559:
1481:
603:
Since the publishing, IARC claimed it has suffered unprecedented large-scale attacks on its reputation from the agro-chemical industry.
2720:
232:
652:
On 26 October 2015, a
Working Group of 22 experts from 10 countries evaluated the carcinogenicity of the consumption of red meat and
2370:
582:
419:
380:
1926:
1397:
2279:
470:
356:
716:
A WHO expert committee on food additives added that the limited cancer assessment indicated no reason to change the recommended
724:
720:
level for aspartame of 40 mg per kg of body weight per day, reaffirming the safety of consuming aspartame within this limit.
593:
2193:
632:
17:
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2344:
324:
2220:
1649:
612:
241:
2444:
1261:
589:
304:
158:
123:
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carcinogenicity in humans and in experimental animals. In some instances, agents or mixtures for which there is
2068:
208:
1569:(January 2006 ed.). International Agency for Research on Cancer: 22–23. September 2015 . Archived from
717:
442:
evidence in experimental animals. Occasionally, an agent (or mixture) may be placed in group 2B if there is
284:
2572:
395:
evidence in experimental animals. Occasionally, an agent (or mixture) may be classified here when there is
266:
308:
261:
1805:
1286:
1959:
2587:
2437:
1445:
328:
228:
227:
In late
February 1963, after he experienced his spouse suffering and dying of cancer, journalist and
174:
110:
2429:
2069:"Pourquoi les fausses sciences gouvernent le monde (et pourquoi il faut mettre un terme à ce règne)"
1840:
223:
Exterior of the main building of the headquarters for the
International Agency of Research on Cancer
2515:
573:
501:
evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans.
276:
249:
237:
219:
2150:
555:
participating
Working Group scientists, and to protect the integrity of the deliberative process.
44:
2543:
2533:
2326:
2258:
1987:"World Health Organization – IARC Monographs evaluate consumption of red meat and processed meat"
1751:
1708:
1683:
Ferber D (July 2003). "Carcinogens. Lashed by critics, WHO's cancer agency begins a new regime".
280:
1866:"Glyphosate Listed Effective July 7, 2017, as Known to the State of California to Cause Cancer"
1305:
2582:
2577:
2318:
2250:
1986:
1743:
1700:
1528:
1503:
1461:
1374:
1368:
1311:
292:
1833:
IARC Monographs, Volume 112. Glyphosate, in: Some
Organophosphate Insecticides and Herbicides
1570:
1478:
675:, but the quantity of consumed red meat at which it could become dangerous is not specified.
2310:
2240:
2232:
1806:"IARC Monographs Volume 112: evaluation of five organophosphate insecticides and herbicides"
1735:
1692:
1617:
1453:
1726:
Tomatis L (2002). "The IARC monographs program: changing attitudes towards public health".
508:
As of August 2019, roughly 50% of all substances analyzed by IARC fall into this category.
2662:
2650:
2557:
1595:
1485:
636:
548:
320:
170:
150:
1811:(Press release). Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. 20 March 2015
1307:
The SAGE Encyclopedia of Cancer and
Society (International Agency for Research on Cancer)
253:
1449:
2523:
2373:(Press release). Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. 17 May 2021
758:
653:
640:
245:
204:
162:
2657:
2236:
303:
on the 8 November 1963. de Gaulle answered positively to the call and reached for the
2704:
2528:
2330:
2302:
2262:
1235:
742:
1755:
1500:
Cancer Risk
Evaluation: Methods and Trends, Chapter 4: The IARC Monographs Programme
2623:
2538:
2494:
2103:
1712:
1436:
Payer LJ (24 November 1972). "IARC: An
Environmental Approach to Cancer Research".
1194:
812:
754:
660:
288:
272:
257:
192:
1457:
2562:
2478:
1696:
1075:
986:
852:
708:
In July 2023, an IARC committee concluded that there was "limited evidence" for
532:
2314:
1739:
1525:
Casarett & Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, Eighth Edition
489:
in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (or mixtures) where evidence is
2461:
1267:
680:
672:
564:
185:
2686:
2673:
2126:"IARC response to criticisms of the Monographs and the glyphosate evaluation"
2041:
1891:"IARC response to criticisms of the Monographs and the glyphosate evaluation"
1780:"Exclusive: WHO cancer agency asked experts to withhold weedkiller documents"
2547:
1251:
1003:
795:
709:
568:
319:
The first IARC Director was John Higginson (1966–1981), who was followed by
2393:"Kingdom of Saudi Arabia joins International Agency for Research on Cancer"
2322:
2254:
2099:"Why is the World Health Organization so bad at communicating cancer risk?"
1747:
1704:
1465:
2509:
2504:
2046:
696:
668:
578:
298:
2245:
2151:"IARC Monographs evaluate drinking coffee, maté, and very hot beverages"
1648:. International Agency for Research on Cancer. July 2018. Archived from
497:
in experimental animals may be placed in this category only if there is
2567:
2499:
2094:
1960:"Exclusive: U.S. lawmakers to investigate funding of WHO cancer agency"
1256:
1160:
1109:
1092:
971:
937:
869:
676:
191:
IARC has its own governing council, and in 1965 the first members were
2280:"Aspartame hazard and risk assessment results released (news release)"
2551:
2473:
2303:"Aspartame is a possible carcinogen: the science behind the decision"
1126:
1022:
954:
920:
903:
833:
816:
746:
348:
196:
181:
166:
473:: The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.
165:. Its role is to conduct and coordinate research into the causes of
1350:"IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans"
1211:
1177:
1143:
1058:
1041:
886:
750:
434:
evidence in experimental animals. It may also be used if there is
200:
1596:"Evaluations of the strength of the evidence for carcinogenicity"
313:
97:
2433:
2131:. IARC (published 2 February 2018). January 2018. pp. 8–9
2371:"China joins the International Agency for Research on Cancer"
2221:"Carcinogenicity of aspartame, methyleugenol, and isoeugenol"
2016:"W.H.O. Report Links Some Cancers With Processed or Red Meat"
1398:"Egypt joins the International Agency for Research on Cancer"
1349:
764:
They were later joined by 23 other members, of which 3 left:
1241:
European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
133:
1598:. International Programme on Chemical Safety. January 1999
1498:
Obe, GĂĽnter, Marchant, Gary E., Jandrig, Burkhard (2011).
1479:
http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Preamble/CurrentPreamble.pdf
1331:
1246:
European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer
512:
Group 4: The agent is probably not carcinogenic to humans.
18:
Statute of the International Agency for Research on Cancer
2219:
Riboli E, Beland FA, Lachenmeier DW, et al. (2023).
2194:"American Tort Lawyers and IARC: A Toxic Mutual Interest"
629:
U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
2422:
211:. Today, IARC's membership has grown to 29 countries.
180:
Its IARC monographs programme identifies carcinogenic
2726:
Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty
2634:
157:) is an intergovernmental agency forming part of the
155:
Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC
1830:
International Agency for Research on Cancer (2017).
1356:. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2023.
695:
In 2019 IARC was accused of cooperation with "toxic
2598:
2487:
177:data regarding the occurrence of cancer worldwide.
129:
117:
104:
93:
85:
77:
59:
51:
1925:
1839:. Lyon: IARC/WHO. pp. 321–412. Archived from
2347:. US Food and Drug Administration. 14 July 2023.
1934:. The Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain)
422:: The agent is possibly carcinogenic to humans.
383:: The agent is probably carcinogenic to humans.
36:Centre international de recherche sur le cancer
2716:International medical and health organizations
1927:"Congress probes NIH backing of cancer agency"
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1338:. International Agency for Research on Cancer.
665:French National Centre for Scientific Research
327:(2004–2008), Christopher Wild (2009–2018) and
33:International Agency for Research on Cancer /
2445:
1299:
1297:
1295:
657:of processed meat causes colorectal cancer".
8:
296:
34:
32:
1994:International Agency for Research on Cancer
143:International Agency for Research on Cancer
2452:
2438:
2430:
2274:
2272:
1643:"Agents classified by the IARC Monographs"
631:held a briefing to ask officials from the
571:in the world sold under the brand name of
430:evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and
391:evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and
43:
31:
2282:. World Health Organization. 13 July 2023
2244:
1900:(published 2 February 2018). January 2018
2731:Scientific organizations based in France
2345:"Aspartame and Other Sweeteners in Food"
1527:. McGraw Hill Professional. p. 91.
1426:, Rapport technique du CIRC no 6, p. 1–8
766:
581:, as "probably carcinogenic to humans" (
323:(1982–1993), Paul Kleihues (1994–2003),
218:
2641:
2042:"Processed meats do cause cancer – WHO"
1278:
663:, a French director of research at the
359:: The agent is carcinogenic to humans.
2460:Cancer-causing materials and agents (
1953:
1951:
1949:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1422:Sohier R., Sutherland A.G.B. (1990).
1310:. SAGE Publications. pp. 1323–.
371:evidence in experimental animals and
7:
2711:Cancer organizations based in France
1392:
1390:
1618:"IARC Monographs – Classifications"
727:responded to the report by stating:
648:Criticism of monographs methodology
741:The five founding states were the
563:On 20 March 2015, IARC classified
25:
2351:from the original on 29 June 2023
1560:"Preamble to the IARC Monographs"
1373:. Elsevier Science. p. 658.
450:evidence in experimental animals
403:evidence in experimental animals
2656:
2644:
2619:Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic)
2614:Group 2A (probably carcinogenic)
559:Glyphosate monograph (2015–2018)
527:evidence in humans but evidence
291:, to reach for French president
233:Emmanuel d'Astier de la Vignerie
1370:Encyclopedia of Food and Health
725:US Food and Drug Administration
231:Yves Poggioli sent a letter to
344:series with this aim in mind.
1:
2237:10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00341-8
1778:Kelland K (25 October 2016).
633:National Institutes of Health
347:IARC identifies carcinogenic
2014:Hauser C (26 October 2015).
1958:Kelland K (6 October 2016).
1924:Träger R (21 October 2016).
1458:10.1126/science.178.4063.844
619:U.S. Congressional reactions
598:its list of unsafe chemicals
184:and evaluates environmental
2488:Prominent human carcinogens
1697:10.1126/science.301.5629.36
1332:"Global cancer observatory"
1285:Resolution WHA18.44 of the
535:falls under this category.
2747:
2624:Group 3 (not classifiable)
2315:10.1038/d41586-023-02306-0
1740:10.1179/107735202800338993
1728:Int J Occup Environ Health
613:American Chemistry Council
2721:World Health Organization
2469:
2301:Naddaf M (14 July 2023).
2040:Staff (26 October 2015).
1985:Staff (26 October 2015).
1523:Klaassen, Curtis (2013).
1502:. John Wiley & Sons.
1367:Caballero B, ed. (2015).
1262:National Cancer Institute
775:
772:
769:
671:is qualified as probably
627:In the fall of 2016, the
305:World Health Organization
159:World Health Organization
124:World Health Organization
42:
2546:(e.g., from isotopes of
2172:Genetic Literacy Project
1304:Colditz GA, ed. (2015).
544:Transparency (1998–2004)
209:United States of America
27:Intergovernmental agency
718:acceptable daily intake
567:, the most widely used
446:evidence in humans and
438:evidence in humans but
399:evidence in humans but
2609:Group 1 (carcinogenic)
1424:La genèse du CIRC/IARC
734:
569:weed killing substance
309:Marcolino Gomes Candau
297:
295:in national newspaper
224:
154:
65:; 59 years ago
35:
2156:. IARC. 15 June 2016.
1484:28 March 2018 at the
1287:World Health Assembly
729:
222:
1846:on 26 September 2020
691:Toxic tort law firms
448:less than sufficient
432:less than sufficient
329:Elisabete Weiderpass
285:Ambroise-Marie Carré
262:François Bloch-Lainé
111:Elisabete Weiderpass
2683: /
2516:Helicobacter pylori
2225:The Lancet Oncology
2097:(26 October 2015).
1450:1972Sci...178..844P
415:night shift work .
119:Parent organization
39:
2687:45.7435°N 4.8761°E
2544:Ionizing radiation
2534:Diethylstilbestrol
2020:The New York Times
1622:monographs.iarc.fr
1354:monographs.iarc.fr
607:Industry reactions
516:There is evidence
281:Antoine Lacassagne
225:
2632:
2631:
2563:Ultraviolet light
1534:978-0-07-176922-8
1509:978-3-527-63463-7
1444:(4063): 844–846.
1380:978-0-12-384953-3
1317:978-1-5063-0126-6
1227:
1226:
293:Charles de Gaulle
139:
138:
16:(Redirected from
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2447:
2440:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2423:Official website
2409:
2408:
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2404:
2397:www.iarc.who.int
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1576:on 28 March 2018
1575:
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1322:
1321:
1301:
1290:
1283:
767:
704:Aspartame (2023)
477:The evidence is
331:(2019–present).
302:
277:François Mauriac
270:
250:François Perroux
186:causes of cancer
134:www.iarc.who.int
73:
71:
66:
63:20 May 1965
47:
40:
38:
21:
2746:
2745:
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2701:
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2692:45.7435; 4.8761
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2200:. 12 April 2019
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481:in humans and
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246:Jean Hyppolite
242:Francis Perrin
229:peace activist
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173:and publishes
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874:October 1970
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844:October 1971
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41:
37:
30:
19:
2668:
2599:
2573:Epstein–Barr
2539:Formaldehyde
2514:
2495:Acetaldehyde
2479:Cancer cells
2401:. Retrieved
2396:
2387:
2375:. Retrieved
2365:
2353:. Retrieved
2339:
2306:
2296:
2284:. Retrieved
2246:2158/1320996
2228:
2224:
2214:
2202:. Retrieved
2198:EuropeanSeed
2197:
2188:
2176:. Retrieved
2171:
2162:
2145:
2133:. Retrieved
2120:
2108:. Retrieved
2104:The Atlantic
2102:
2089:
2077:. Retrieved
2072:
2063:
2051:. Retrieved
2045:
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
2019:
2009:
1997:. Retrieved
1993:
1980:
1968:. Retrieved
1963:
1936:. Retrieved
1931:
1902:. Retrieved
1897:
1885:
1873:. Retrieved
1870:oehha.ca.gov
1869:
1860:
1848:. Retrieved
1841:the original
1832:
1825:
1813:. Retrieved
1800:
1788:. Retrieved
1783:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1688:
1684:
1657:. Retrieved
1650:the original
1637:
1625:. Retrieved
1621:
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1590:
1578:. Retrieved
1571:the original
1566:
1524:
1518:
1499:
1493:
1474:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1418:
1406:. Retrieved
1401:
1369:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1326:
1306:
1281:
1195:Saudi Arabia
763:
755:West Germany
740:
730:
722:
715:
707:
694:
685:
673:carcinogenic
661:Marcel Kuntz
659:
651:
626:
622:
610:
602:
587:
572:
562:
553:
547:
528:
524:
520:
517:
515:
507:
503:
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431:
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425:
411:
407:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
386:
372:
368:
364:
362:
346:
341:
338:
318:
314:Lyon, France
289:Le Corbusier
273:Jean Rostand
258:Louis Armand
254:Pierre Massé
238:Pierre Auger
226:
193:West Germany
190:
179:
175:surveillance
146:
142:
140:
94:Headquarters
86:Legal status
52:Abbreviation
29:
2690: /
2583:Hepatitis C
2578:Hepatitis B
2524:Benzopyrene
2462:carcinogens
2399:(in French)
2075:(in French)
1970:28 November
1938:28 November
1815:28 November
1790:28 November
1076:South Korea
987:Switzerland
959:April 1987
942:April 1986
857:April 1967
853:Netherlands
838:April 1966
790:Resolution
784:Resolution
533:caprolactam
325:Peter Boyle
265: [
188:in humans.
2705:Categories
2675:45°44′37″N
2110:26 October
2079:7 November
2053:26 October
2025:26 October
1999:26 October
1274:References
1268:Toxicology
1117:GC/50/R18
770:Countries
681:glyphosate
565:glyphosate
529:suggesting
525:inadequate
518:suggesting
495:sufficient
491:inadequate
483:inadequate
479:inadequate
459:supporting
444:inadequate
440:sufficient
436:inadequate
401:sufficient
397:inadequate
393:sufficient
369:sufficient
365:sufficient
335:Monographs
207:, and the
169:. It also
113:(director)
70:1965-05-20
55:IARC, CIRC
2678:4°52′34″E
2548:plutonium
2331:259904544
2263:259894482
1850:13 August
1659:9 January
1627:26 August
1252:Genotoxic
1219:GC/66/R2
1216:May 2024
1202:GC/66/R1
1199:May 2024
1185:GC/63/R1
1182:May 2021
1168:GC/57/19
1165:May 2015
1151:GC/55/19
1148:May 2013
1134:GC/55/17
1131:May 2013
1114:May 2008
1100:GC/49/R2
1097:May 2007
1083:GC/48/R2
1080:May 2006
1066:GC/48/R1
1063:May 2006
1049:GC/44/R1
1046:May 2003
1036:GC/42/R4
1033:May 2001
1030:GC/39/R2
1027:May 1998
1017:GC/42/R3
1014:May 2001
1011:GC/39/R1
1008:May 1998
1004:Argentina
994:GC/31/R2
991:May 1990
979:GC/31/R1
976:May 1990
962:GC/28/R1
945:GC/27/R1
928:GC/22/R1
911:GC/18/R1
908:May 1979
894:GC/10/R1
891:May 1972
877:GC/8/R10
847:GC/9/R11
796:Australia
710:aspartame
426:There is
387:There is
363:There is
307:director
60:Formation
2663:Politics
2651:Medicine
2510:Bacteria
2505:Asbestos
2349:Archived
2323:37452160
2255:37454664
2135:14 April
2073:Slate.fr
2047:BBC News
1966:. London
1904:14 April
1875:9 August
1786:. London
1756:46530047
1748:12019681
1705:12843372
1580:13 April
1482:Archived
1466:17754792
1230:See also
860:GC/3/R1
841:GC/2/R1
824:GC/1/R2
803:GC/1/R1
757:and the
697:tort law
669:red meat
583:Group 2A
579:Monsanto
420:Group 2B
381:Group 2A
299:Le Monde
171:collects
100:, France
2637:Portals
2568:Viruses
2500:Arsenic
2355:14 July
2286:14 July
2095:Ed Yong
1964:Reuters
1784:Reuters
1713:8034222
1685:Science
1446:Bibcode
1438:Science
1257:Mutagen
1248:(EORTC)
1161:Morocco
1110:Austria
1093:Ireland
972:Denmark
938:Finland
870:Belgium
737:Members
677:Ed Yong
574:Roundup
521:lack of
487:limited
471:Group 3
428:limited
412:limited
389:limited
357:Group 1
349:hazards
215:History
182:hazards
161:of the
130:Website
68: (
2552:radium
2474:Cancer
2403:6 June
2377:18 May
2329:
2321:
2307:Nature
2261:
2253:
2204:11 May
2178:11 May
1754:
1746:
1711:
1703:
1602:16 May
1531:
1506:
1464:
1408:6 June
1377:
1314:
1127:Brazil
1023:Brazil
955:Norway
921:Canada
904:Sweden
834:Israel
817:Russia
773:Entry
747:France
499:strong
463:strong
454:there
408:strong
373:strong
203:, the
197:France
167:cancer
151:French
89:Active
81:Agency
2602:lists
2327:S2CID
2259:S2CID
2154:(PDF)
2129:(PDF)
1990:(PDF)
1894:(PDF)
1844:(PDF)
1837:(PDF)
1809:(PDF)
1752:S2CID
1709:S2CID
1653:(PDF)
1646:(PDF)
1574:(PDF)
1563:(PDF)
1212:Egypt
1178:China
1144:Qatar
1059:India
1042:Spain
887:Japan
815:then
787:Date
781:Date
776:Exit
751:Italy
269:]
201:Italy
2600:IARC
2550:and
2405:2024
2379:2021
2357:2023
2319:PMID
2288:2023
2251:PMID
2206:2019
2180:2019
2137:2018
2112:2015
2081:2016
2055:2015
2027:2015
2001:2015
1972:2016
1940:2016
1906:2018
1898:IARC
1877:2019
1852:2018
1817:2016
1792:2016
1744:PMID
1701:PMID
1661:2020
1629:2019
1604:2010
1582:2018
1529:ISBN
1504:ISBN
1462:PMID
1410:2024
1402:IARC
1375:ISBN
1312:ISBN
1264:(US)
813:USSR
723:The
611:The
594:EFSA
590:ECHA
287:and
147:IARC
141:The
106:Head
98:Lyon
78:Type
2588:HPV
2311:doi
2241:hdl
2233:doi
1736:doi
1693:doi
1689:301
1454:doi
1442:178
585:).
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