319:
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When they turn to face our attacks, we should keep a distance. Attack the rear as well where and when they least expect it. When they withdraw to face another threat, chase them. This will confuse their generals and create anxiety in their ranks. If we avoid conflict against their strong points and use our armored chariots to set ambushes, we can capture their generals and ensure victory.(燕性愨，其民慎，好勇義，寡詐謀，故守而不走。擊此之道，觸而迫之，凌而遠之，馳而後之，則上疑而下懼，謹我車騎必避之路，其將可虜)
744:
753:
43:
762:
552:
165:
771:
3508:
The Yan are a sincere and straightforward people. They act prudently, love courage and esteem righteousness while rarely employing deception. Thus they excel in defensive positions, but are immobile and inflexible. To defeat them, immediately apply pressure with small attacks and retreat rapidly.
925:
in low regard. Archaeological discoveries in the state of Yan have uncovered ornaments that, while inscribed with
Chinese writing, were close in style to that of the northern nomadic tribes. The currency of Yan was crafted into the shape of a knife, a form closely associated with the nomads. This
929:
The strongest opposition came from the Qi, one of the strongest states in China. A succession crisis started in Yan in 325 BC when king Zikuai symbolically resigned his throne in favor of his minister Zizhi to prove his humility; the minister took advantage and seized power. While this crisis
3476:
which was most likely composed in the 4th century BC, the author describes a China that is divided into nine regions, each with its own distinctive culture and products. The core theme of this section is that these nine regions are unified into one state by the travels of the eponymous sage,
991:
In 222 BC, Liaodong fell as well, and Yan was overrun by Qin. Yan was the third to last state to fall, and with its destruction the fates of the remaining two kingdoms were sealed. In 221 BC, Qin conquered all of China, ending the
Warring States period and founding the
930:
happened, in 314 BC Qi invaded and in a little over several months practically conquered the country. However, due to the misconduct of Qi troops during the conquest of Yan a revolt eventually drove them away and the borders of Yan were restored. Yan's new king,
866:
were Yan's main rivals. The mountainous border in the west between Zhao and Yan became the area in which their armies often clashed. Despite this, the war between Zhao and Yan usually dragged on into a stalemate, requiring the help of other kingdoms to conclude.
950:, it was highly successful and within a year most of Qi's seventy walled cities had fallen, with the exception of Zimu and Lu. However, with the death of King Zhao and the expulsion of Yue Yi to Zhao by the new king, King Wei of Yan, General
4530:
4525:
1030:, in his war against Qin. When Zang Tu returned, Han Guang was ordered to become King of Liaodong instead. When Han Guang refused, Zang Tu killed him and declared himself King of both Yan and Liaodong.
3466:
Before the state of Qin unified China in 221 BC, each region had its own unique customs and culture, although all were dominated by an upper class that shared a largely common culture. In the
4540:
4520:
4510:
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and by sending each region's unique goods to the capital as tribute. Other texts also discussed these regional variations in culture and physical environments.
4515:
1055:
became the new King of Yan and reigned there for most of Liu Bang's life, until the emperor discovered that he had sent officials to the courts of the rebel
4535:
696:. Yan experienced a brief period of independence after the collapse of the Qin dynasty in 207 BC, but it was eventually absorbed by the victorious
719:. As the northernmost of all the Chinese states during this time period, Yan faced incursions from steppe nomads and as such, built great walls.
3572:
3702:
3496:, the author of the work, declared that the government and nature of the people were reflective of the terrain they live in. Of Yan, he said:
3907:
825:
832:
with inscriptions that recount the journey of the eldest son of the Duke of Yan, who delivered offerings to the King of Zhou in present-day
926:
form of currency might have been specially made for trade with the nomads, demonstrating the importance of commercial relations with them.
1069:. Summoned to the imperial court, Lu Wan feigned illness and then fled to the Xiongnu, who honored him as the King of the Eastern Nomads (
957:
Despite the wars, Yan survived through the
Warring States period. In 227 BC, with Qin troops on the border after the collapse of Zhao,
1207:
1147:
824:, where a large walled settlement and over 200 tombs of nobility have been unearthed. Among the most significant artifacts from the
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during the war between Han and Chu in order to keep his title, but once the war was finished he revolted. Liu Bang (later
504:
4148:
3936:
3439:
1045:
and Zhou Bo to put down the rebellion, and they captured and executed Zang Tu. His son Zang Yan fled to exile among the
107:
60:
3724:
Juliano, Annette L (1991). "The
Warring States Period—The State of Qin, Yan, Chu, and Pazyryk: A Historical Footnote".
4500:
4410:
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79:
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to conquer Yan for Zhao, but upon his conquest, Han Guang appointed himself King of Yan. Han Guang had sent
General
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973:), hoping to end the Qin threat. The mission failed, with Jing Ke dying at the hands of the King of Qin in
93:
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3421:
2106:
2059:
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1073:) until his death. In the meantime, Yan came under direct control of the Han dynasty and was treated as a
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2012:
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1189:
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1165:
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4128:
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from the 5th to 3rd centuries BC, Yan was one of the last states to be conquered by the armies of
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3749:
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in the 8th century BC, Yan survived and became one of the strongest states in China. During the
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in the early first millennium BC. After the authority of the Zhou king declined during the
4308:
3427:
3207:
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981:
791:
318:
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423:
882:, expanding the kingdom's frontiers nearly one thousand kilometers east to northwestern
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1249:
799:
584:
100:
3613:
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4052:
4022:
3896:
3753:
1074:
988:, Ji fell the following year and the ruler, King Xi, fled to the Liaodong Peninsula.
970:
875:
829:
809:) and conferred titles to nobles within his domain, including the rulers of the Yan.
3643:
669:). During the Warring States period, the court was also moved to another capital at
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3771:. Van Norden, Bryan W. (Bryan William). Indianapolis: Hackett Pub. Co. p. 56.
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851:, a smaller kingdom to the north and moved its capital to that of Ji in modern-day
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3579:(in Chinese). Beijing Municipal Government. October 18, 2008. Archived from
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Han
Dynasty-Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis of China
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unearthed at the former Yan capital at
Liulihe now on display at the
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572:
980:
Surprised and enraged by such a bold act, the king of Qin called on
914:, were subsequently established for the defense against the Donghu.
770:
1288:(燕王喜) (姬喜 Ji Xi) ruled 255–222 BCE: last king of the Yan state
921:
states seemed to hold Yan culture and other peripheral states like
4118:
4113:
3837:
Activities of
Exhibition and Education in Astronomy (AEEA) 天文教育資訊網
3808:
Activities of
Exhibition and Education in Astronomy (AEEA) 天文教育資訊網
3519:
3500:
Yan's defensive formations are solid but lack flexibility(燕陳守而不走).
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for a joint expedition against Qi. Led by the brilliant tactician
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to destroy Yan. Crushing the bulk of the Yan army at the frozen
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In the 11th century BC, Yan's capital was based in what is now
36:
692:: Yan fell in 222 BC, the year before the declaration of the
509:
954:
managed to recapture all of the cities from the 5 kingdoms.
4531:
States and territories disestablished in the 3rd century BC
3769:
Mengzi : with selections from traditional commentaries
3549:[Research on Yan Knife-Money and Related Topics].
30:
For other states, territories and kingdoms named Yan, see
27:
Ancient state in northern China (11th century BC – 222 BC)
4526:
States and territories established in the 11th century BC
530:
484:
466:
3839:(in Chinese). Taiwan: National Museum of Natural Science
3810:(in Chinese). Taiwan: National Museum of Natural Science
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was constructed on Yan's new northern borders, and five
1010:
In 207 BC, the Qin dynasty collapsed and China resumed
3640:
Beijing
Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage
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3835:[Ancient Chinese astrological system (54)].
3806:[Ancient Chinese astrological system (65)].
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67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3895:
3488:, written in response to a query by Marquis Wu of
3612:(in Chinese) (16). Confucius 2000. Archived from
1282:(燕孝王) ruled 257–255 BCE: son of King Wucheng
839:Some time during the 7th century BC in the late
836:and was awarded a position in the king's court.
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3498:
1014:. King Wu Chen of Zhao eventually sent General
3944:
3800:Chen Guanzhong; Chen Hui-Hwa (July 4, 2006).
338:
147:
8:
4541:1st-millennium BC disestablishments in China
3666:"Site of the Second Capital of State of Yan"
327:(top) and modern (bottom) Chinese characters
874:launched a series of campaigns against the
870:At the turn of the 3rd century BC, General
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703:During its height, Yan stretched from the
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3670:The People's Government of Hebei Province
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
4521:11th-century BC establishments in China
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3450:. Yan is also represented by the star
4511:States of the Spring and Autumn period
3898:The Early Chinese Empires: Qin and Han
3492:on how to cope with the other states.
934:then plotted with the states of Zhao,
858:To the south, the bordering states of
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3636:"Ji, the Capital of the State of Yan"
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65:adding citations to reliable sources
4516:States of the Warring States period
3454:in the "Left Wall" asterism in the
3577:Yanshan Central Information Office
3472:(Tribute of Yu), a section of the
25:
3551:Beijing Municipal Cultural Office
257:ancient Chinese coinage
4536:3rd-century BC disestablishments
3672:. China Daily. December 29, 2009
3543:Wang Jijie (September 1, 2005).
769:
760:
751:
742:
676:The history of Yan began in the
317:
287:
41:
3642:. June 16, 2006. Archived from
3602:Chen Zhi (September 30, 2010).
3426:Yan is represented by the star
531:
510:
485:
467:
52:needs additional citations for
3829:Chen Hui-Hwa (June 23, 2006).
787:Records of the Grand Historian
634:
623:
443:
429:
415:
401:
387:
339:
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1:
1276:(燕武成王) ruled 271–258 BCE
1033:Zang Tu submitted Yan to the
803:
3726:Notes in the History of Art
3456:"Heavenly Market" enclosure
4557:
3419:
1003:
711:and from the mountains of
29:
3902:. London: Belknap Press.
3738:10.1086/sou.10.4.23203292
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1374:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1360:
1358:
1356:
545:
364:
360:
346:
316:
312:
262:
239:
212:
162:
157:
3831:
3802:
3604:
3573:"The History of Yanshan"
3545:
682:Spring and Autumn period
3832:中國古代的星象系統 (54)： 天市左垣、市樓
3484:One of these texts was
3430:in the "Twelve States"
961:sent an assassin named
4506:Ancient Chinese states
3960:Ancient Chinese states
3511:
3502:
3422:Chinese constellations
735:Beijing Capital Museum
612:
158:11th century BC–222 BC
3486:The Book of Master Wu
686:Warring States period
651:ancient Chinese state
554:
3803:中國古代的星象系統 (65)： 女宿天區
1112:Marquis Zheng of Yan
1039:Emperor Gaozu of Han
1012:a state of civil war
1000:Post-Qin interregnum
965:to kill the king of
526:Baxter–Sagart (2014)
228:• Conquered by
175:Kingdom/Principality
61:improve this article
32:Yan (disambiguation)
3462:Culture and society
1274:King Wucheng of Yan
1238:Duke Huan II of Yan
1232:Duke Jian II of Yan
1130:Marquis Huan of Yan
1124:Marquis Xuan of Yan
1100:Marquis Qing of Yan
1006:Principality of Yan
847:, Yan absorbed the
559:has been found in
218:• Established
4501:History of Beijing
3892:Lewis, Mark Edward
3525:History of Beijing
1294:Rulers family tree
1244:Duke Wen II of Yan
1208:Duke Jian I of Yan
1148:Duke Huan I of Yan
1136:Duke Zhuang of Yan
1088:Marquis Hui of Yan
796:King Zhou of Shang
717:Liaodong Peninsula
657:. Its capital was
613:
4483:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4332:
4331:
3909:978-0-674-02477-9
3767:Mencius. (2008).
3474:Book of Documents
3410:
3409:
3406:
3405:
1761:
1695:
1220:Duke Cheng of Yan
1172:Duke Wen I of Yan
1142:Duke Xiang of Yan
1118:Marquis Mu of Yan
1106:Marquis Ai of Yan
1094:Marquis Li of Yan
1075:princely appanage
818:Fangshan District
549:
548:
541:
540:
462:Yale Romanization
375:Standard Mandarin
323:"Yān" in ancient
303:
302:
299:
298:
295:
294:
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
4548:
4343:
3973:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3930:
3913:
3901:
3879:
3870:
3861:
3860:, p. 11-13.
3855:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3764:
3758:
3757:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3709:. Archived from
3699:
3693:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3616:on July 26, 2011
3599:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3540:
3416:Yan in astronomy
3395:Crown Prince Dan
1759:
1693:
1307:
1306:
1298:
1280:King Xiao of Yan
1262:King Zhao of Yan
1256:King Kuai of Yan
1214:Duke Xiao of Yan
1202:Duke Ping of Yan
1196:Duke Gong of Yan
1160:Duke Zhao of Yan
1154:Duke Xuan of Yan
959:Crown Prince Dan
932:King Zhao of Yan
884:Korean Peninsula
853:Xicheng District
814:Liulihe Township
808:
805:
773:
764:
755:
746:
661:(later known as
647:
636:
627:
537:
536:
535:
513:
512:
492:
491:
474:
473:
449:
448:
447:
432:
431:
418:
417:
404:
403:
390:
389:
366:
342:
341:
321:
305:
291:
290:
279:
278:
264:
263:
167:
151:
150:
139:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
76:"Yan" state
69:
45:
37:
21:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4545:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4475:
4389:
4328:
4057:
3962:
3957:
3920:
3910:
3890:
3887:
3882:
3875:,also known as
3871:
3864:
3856:
3852:
3842:
3840:
3833:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3813:
3811:
3804:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3779:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3689:
3685:
3675:
3673:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3649:
3647:
3646:on July 7, 2011
3634:
3633:
3629:
3619:
3617:
3606:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3586:
3584:
3583:on July 7, 2011
3571:
3570:
3566:
3556:
3554:
3547:
3546:燕国明刀分期研究及相关问题探讨
3542:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3516:
3464:
3428:Zeta Capricorni
3424:
3418:
3412:
3399:
3397:
3353:
3351:
3306:
3304:
3259:
3257:
3212:
3210:
3165:
3163:
3116:
3114:
3093:
3091:
3046:
3044:
3002:
2957:
2955:
2910:
2908:
2863:
2861:
2816:
2814:
2769:
2767:
2722:
2720:
2675:
2673:
2628:
2626:
2581:
2579:
2534:
2532:
2487:
2485:
2440:
2438:
2393:
2391:
2346:
2344:
2299:
2297:
2252:
2250:
2205:
2203:
2158:
2156:
2154:Marquess Zhuang
2111:
2109:
2064:
2062:
2017:
2015:
1970:
1968:
1923:
1921:
1876:
1874:
1829:
1827:
1782:
1780:
1758:
1756:
1692:
1690:
1680:
1594:
1552:
1543:
1534:
1442:
1435:
1296:
1291:
1268:King Hui of Yan
1226:Duke Min of Yan
1190:Duke Dao of Yan
1184:Duke Hui of Yan
1083:
1008:
1002:
806:
792:King Wu of Zhou
778:
777:
776:
775:
774:
766:
765:
757:
756:
748:
747:
738:
737:
725:
642:pronunciation:
410:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
328:
288:
254:
250:
232:
222:11th century BC
219:
187:
153:
152:
144:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
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4403:
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4388:
4387:
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4367:
4362:
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4340:
4338:Warring States
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3964:
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3958:
3956:
3955:
3948:
3941:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3919:
3918:External links
3916:
3915:
3914:
3908:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3862:
3850:
3821:
3792:
3777:
3759:
3716:
3713:on 2012-09-25.
3703:"Liulihe Site"
3694:
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3627:
3594:
3564:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
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3463:
3460:
3444:Black Tortoise
3434:, part of the
3420:Main article:
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2222:
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2201:Marquess Xiang
2197:
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2173:
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2009:
2007:
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2003:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1966:Marquess Zheng
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
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1938:
1936:
1934:
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1318:
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1314:
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1303:
1302:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1286:King Xi of Yan
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1250:King Yi of Yan
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1178:Duke Yi of Yan
1175:
1169:
1166:Duke Wu of Yan
1163:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1026:, the king of
1004:Main article:
1001:
998:
919:Central Plains
807: 1046 BC
800:Battle of Muye
768:
767:
759:
758:
750:
749:
741:
740:
739:
729:
728:
727:
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3778:9780872209138
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3707:China Culture
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3437:
3436:lunar mansion
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2189:
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2167:
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2142:
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2118:
2115:
2108:
2107:Marquess Huan
2095:
2093:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2061:
2060:Marquess Xuan
2048:
2046:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2014:
2001:
1999:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1967:
1954:
1952:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1920:
1907:
1905:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1873:
1872:Marquess Qing
1860:
1858:
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1813:
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1779:
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1021:
1017:
1013:
1007:
999:
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995:
989:
987:
983:
978:
976:
972:
971:Qin Shi Huang
968:
964:
960:
955:
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941:
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927:
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837:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
810:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:
783:
780:According to
772:
763:
754:
745:
736:
732:
722:
720:
718:
714:
710:
706:
701:
699:
695:
691:
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631:
626:
621:
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610:
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598:
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582:
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529:
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523:
520:
516:
508:
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502:
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495:
489:
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481:
477:
471:
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459:
456:
452:
446:
441:
439:
435:
427:
425:
421:
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411:
407:
399:
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393:
385:
383:
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372:
367:
363:
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355:
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349:
345:
337:
335:
331:
326:
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286:
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261:
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208:
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161:
156:
140:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
4441:Western Zhou
4416:Eastern Zhou
4394:Minor states
4379:
4347:Seven states
4062:Minor states
4042:
3976:Major states
3968:Zhou dynasty
3897:
3885:Bibliography
3876:
3853:
3841:. Retrieved
3836:
3824:
3812:. Retrieved
3807:
3795:
3768:
3762:
3732:(4): 25–29.
3729:
3725:
3719:
3711:the original
3706:
3697:
3686:
3674:. Retrieved
3669:
3660:
3648:. Retrieved
3644:the original
3639:
3630:
3618:. Retrieved
3614:the original
3609:
3597:
3585:. Retrieved
3581:the original
3576:
3567:
3555:. Retrieved
3553:(in Chinese)
3550:
3538:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3485:
3483:
3479:Yu the Great
3467:
3465:
3425:
3411:
3355:
3308:
3261:
3255:King Wucheng
3214:
3167:
3118:
3095:
3048:
2959:
2912:
2865:
2818:
2771:
2724:
2677:
2630:
2583:
2536:
2489:
2442:
2395:
2348:
2301:
2254:
2207:
2160:
2113:
2066:
2019:
1972:
1925:
1878:
1831:
1784:
1778:Marquess Hui
1327:Duke of Shao
1070:
1051:
1032:
1009:
990:
979:
956:
928:
916:
892:commanderies
869:
857:
845:Eastern Zhou
841:Western Zhou
838:
828:is a bronze
826:Liulihe Site
811:
785:
779:
705:Yellow River
702:
690:Qin Shihuang
678:Western Zhou
675:
655:Zhou dynasty
643:
633:
615:
614:
498:Southern Min
487:
469:
382:Hanyu Pinyin
352:Hanyu Pinyin
270:Succeeded by
269:
207:Zhou dynasty
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
18:State of Yan
4496:Yan (state)
4109:Western Guo
4104:Eastern Guo
3452:Nu Ophiuchi
2013:Marquess Mu
1919:Marquess Ai
1825:Marquess Li
1035:Han dynasty
994:Qin dynasty
855:, Beijing.
849:State of Ji
653:during the
640:Old Chinese
601:South Korea
557:knife money
519:Old Chinese
325:seal script
283:Qin dynasty
255:other
252:spade money
248:knife money
4490:Categories
3858:Lewis 2007
3531:References
3442:" in the "
2812:Duke Cheng
1301:Yan state
1022:to assist
904:Youbeiping
888:Great Wall
731:Bronzeware
709:Yalu River
694:Qin Empire
673:at times.
555:Yan State
424:Wade–Giles
195:Government
117:April 2023
87:newspapers
4466:Zhongshan
4314:Zhongshan
3877:Master Wu
3787:181421046
3754:191379388
3356:255-222BC
3309:258-255BC
3302:King Xiao
3262:272-258BC
3215:279-272BC
3168:312-279BC
3161:King Zhao
3119:316-314BC
3049:333-321BC
2960:370-362BC
2953:Duke Huan
2913:415-370BC
2906:Duke Jian
2866:439-415BC
2819:455-439BC
2772:493-455BC
2765:Duke Xiao
2725:505-493BC
2718:Duke Jian
2678:524-505BC
2671:Duke Ping
2631:529-524BC
2624:Duke Gong
2584:535-529BC
2537:545-536BC
2490:549-545BC
2443:555-549BC
2396:574-555BC
2349:587-574BC
2342:Duke Zhao
2302:602-587BC
2295:Duke Xuan
2255:618-602BC
2248:Duke Huan
2208:658-618BC
2161:691-658BC
2114:698-691BC
2067:711-698BC
2020:729-711BC
1973:765-729BC
1926:767-765BC
1879:791-767BC
1832:827-791BC
1785:865-827BC
1016:Han Guang
982:Wang Jian
843:or early
782:Sima Qian
649:) was an
4129:Han (SE)
4124:Han (NW)
3894:(2007).
3843:July 26,
3814:July 26,
3746:23203292
3676:July 26,
3650:July 26,
3620:July 26,
3587:July 26,
3557:July 26,
3514:See also
3432:asterism
3208:King Hui
3000:Duke Wen
2859:Duke Min
2577:Duke Dao
2530:Duke Hui
2436:Duke Wen
1059:and the
1043:Fan Kuai
1024:Xiang Yu
986:Yi River
975:Xianyang
952:Tian Dan
912:Liaodong
880:Gojoseon
794:deposed
665:and now
589:Liaoning
577:Shandong
480:Jyutping
396:Bopomofo
244:Currency
198:Monarchy
4319:Zhoulai
4309:Zhongli
3469:Yu Gong
3096:321-316
3042:King Yi
2483:Duke Yi
2389:Duke Wu
1828:燕-{釐}-侯
1061:Xiongnu
1057:Chen Xi
1047:Xiongnu
1041:) sent
1020:Zang Tu
969:(later
963:Jing Ke
896:Shanggu
872:Qin Kai
822:Beijing
798:at the
723:History
715:to the
707:to the
667:Beijing
663:Yanjing
620:Chinese
597:Shaanxi
565:Tianjin
561:Beijing
334:Chinese
180:Capital
101:scholar
3906:
3785:
3775:
3752:
3744:
3448:symbol
3112:Zi Zhi
1081:Rulers
1071:Donghu
1064:chanyu
1053:Lu Wan
948:Yue Yi
908:Liaoxi
900:Yuyang
876:Donghu
713:Shanxi
632::
630:pinyin
622::
605:Kyūshū
573:Shanxi
505:Tâi-lô
235:222 BC
172:Status
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
4461:Zheng
4174:Liang
4139:Huang
4119:Guzhu
4114:Gumie
4053:Zheng
3750:S2CID
3742:JSTOR
3691:蓟城纪念柱
3520:Xiadu
3504:and:
3494:Wu Qi
3400:?-226
1760:一说即伯和
1694:一说即伯宪
1678:Sheng
1270:(燕惠王)
1264:(燕昭王)
1258:(燕王噲)
1252:(燕易王)
1246:(燕文公)
1240:(燕桓公)
1234:(燕簡公)
1228:(燕閔公)
1222:(燕成公)
1216:(燕孝公)
1210:(燕簡公)
1204:(燕平公)
1198:(燕共公)
1192:(燕悼公)
1186:(燕惠公)
1180:(燕懿公)
1174:(燕文公)
1168:(燕武公)
1162:(燕昭公)
1156:(燕宣公)
1150:(燕桓公)
1144:(燕襄公)
1138:(燕莊公)
1132:(燕桓侯)
1126:(燕宣侯)
1120:(燕穆侯)
1114:(燕鄭侯)
1108:(燕哀侯)
1102:(燕頃侯)
1096:(燕釐侯)
1090:(燕惠侯)
834:Xi'an
671:Xiadu
593:Jilin
581:Henan
569:Hebei
486:Jin3
189:Xiadu
108:JSTOR
94:books
4451:Yiqu
4436:Teng
4431:Song
4385:Zhao
4304:Zeng
4294:Yiqu
4289:Ying
4284:Yang
4269:Xing
4264:Xian
4254:Teng
4249:Tang
4234:Shěn
4229:Shēn
4214:Quan
4199:Peng
4179:Liao
4094:Deng
4079:Chao
4028:Song
3993:Chen
3904:ISBN
3873:Wuzi
3845:2011
3816:2011
3783:OCLC
3773:ISBN
3678:2011
3652:2011
3622:2011
3605:從王國維
3589:2011
3559:2011
3440:Girl
3258:燕武成王
3098:-314
3089:Kuai
1688:Xian
1676:6~9？
1541:Xian
1441:召伯父辛
1067:Modu
942:and
917:The
910:and
886:. A
878:and
862:and
860:Zhao
830:ding
609:Naha
607:and
490:Jin1
468:Yin
186:(蓟)
80:news
4471:Zou
4456:Yue
4446:Wey
4426:Shu
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