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251:. Mazza attempted to remove Michelangelo Bellotti's additions by using an iron scraping tool, then filling in areas with an oil paint mixture and repainting the work as he chose. Thinking the work was a true fresco, he also washed the wall with a sodium hydroxide solution. This led to his being fired from the restoration job, and the removal to another convent of the priest who had hired him.
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restorer, to oversee a full restoration. During this restoration, steps were taken to carefully remove dirt and grime before starting to reverse past restoration attempts. The restoration team removed the numerous layers of shellac, paint, and oils using "solvent applied with tiny blotters of
Japanese paper." Areas that were too damaged or unrecognizable were filled in with light
125:, mixing pigment into wet plaster to create a permanent bond. Traditionally, fresco painters applied many successive layers of plaster before and during the painting process. This method requires fresco painters to work quickly and with a pre-set plan. However, this is not how Leonardo worked, and for this reason, he chose a new technique of putting a mixture of oil and
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The former refectory was converted into a climate-controlled, sealed room to help counteract the environmental hazards that could lead to further deterioration. Since then visitors are required to pass through several pollution and humidity filtration chambers before entering to see the painting, and
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began. The members of the convent hired
Michelangelo Bellotti, a painter, to work on the piece. After filling in the cracked and peeling areas with new tempera paint, Bellotti covered the work with a layer of oil. Due to this, most of the original paint was hidden under his restoration and led to
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The
Superintendent for Artistic and Historical Heritage in Milan ordered a complete examination of Leonardo's work in 1976. This examination included sonar and radar tests, core samples of the wall, infrared cameras, and x-rays. The Superintendent appointed Pinin Brambilla Barcilon, a respected art
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had already started to deteriorate, as was noted in many diaries and letters of the time. The corrosion of the work can be accredited to
Leonardo's unconventional painting technique for a work on a wall, as well as the surface itself. The refectory of Santa Maria delle Grazie sits in a low-lying
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Between 1951 and 1952 and again in 1954, Pelliccioli concentrated on reversing the work completed during the 18th century and restoring the piece to its earliest state. During these cleanings, Pelliccioli revealed many of
Leonardo's original details, such as the Assisi embroidery design on the
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part of the city, prone to flooding and damp. The surface on which
Leonardo painted is an exterior wall and would have absorbed moisture. The painting was also exposed to the steam and smoke from the convent's kitchen and from candles used in the refectory itself. By 1582, it was recorded that
177:, took control of Milan and used the refectory of Santa Maria delle Grazie as their stables. 1800 brought a flood that filled the refectory with two feet of water for 15 days. The walls absorbed moisture, leading to a thick green mold covering the entire painting.
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it turns brownish. Leonardo used red chalk and black paint on top of the lead white to sketch out his image, before adding countless layers of mixed pigments. Leonardo used a series of translucent glazes to finish the frescoes.
305:. The first person to conduct an analysis of the painting’s chemical components was Luigi Cavenaghi, in 1908. From this analysis, Cavenaghi concluded that the painting was completed in tempera paint, on two layers of plaster.
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paints onto a dry wall. According to Ross King, "In essence, took tempera paints and mixed emulsifying oils into them." This allowed
Leonardo to include richer colors and finer details, without the need to work very fast.
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was a conventional fresco, attempted to remove the work from the refectory wall. After realizing his mistake, Barezzi attempted to glue the removed paint back onto the wall. Barezzi also added areas of colored stucco.
329:. In 1947, Pelliccioli was appointed to complete a cleaning "to be done more radically than the previous work by Cavenaghi and Silvestri." Pelliccioli attempted to rebind the paint to the wall's surface by brushing
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in 1495, as part of a series of renovations to the convent with the intention that the location would become the Sforza family mausoleum. Painting began in 1495 and continued until 1498.
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had been protected by sandbags, mattresses, and pillows, saving it from destruction. However, the work was exposed to the elements while the roof and walls were being reconstructed.
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paints, so as not to detract from the blank areas. One of the major discoveries during this renovation was a tiny pinhole that marked
Leonardo’s
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mural, much of it more harmful than helpful, has been carried out over many centuries, and continues. Completed in the late 15th century by the
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276:. During this conservation attempt, Barezzi cleaned the entire surface of the work, as well as removing plaster above the piece, revealing
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An
English writer wrote in 1847 that the work "will never more be seen by the eye of man...The greater part is perished for ever." Author
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The 20th century brought advancements in scientific technologies that were used in the restoration and conservation of
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Giuseppe Mazza was hired by the priests of Santa Maria delle Grazie in 1770, to work on restoring and conserving
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bomb struck Santa Maria delle Grazie, destroying the roof of the refectory and demolishing other nearby spaces.
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2012:
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Around 1652, a door was cut into the refectory wall, destroying the area in which Jesus's feet were depicted.
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painted by
Leonardo da Vinci depicting the coats of arms of Leonardo's patron, Ludovico Sforza and his sons,
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led the task of cleaning Leonardo's work, as well as applying new plaster to the edges of the painting.
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Mauro Pelliccioli completed three separate sessions of restoration and conservation work on
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Leonardo da Vinci first covered the wall with plaster. He then added a thin layer of
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Detail of the head of Jesus, after the restoration completed in 1999.
341:, "restored the paint its cohesion, consistency and bright colours."
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Bellotti being called a "man very deficient in skill and knowledge".
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Between 1853 and 1855, Stefano Barezzi was again hired to work on
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was almost completely lost on August 16, 1943, at the height of
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The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and Saint John the Baptist
1038:
1762:
Museo Nazionale Scienza e Tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci (Milan)
2220:
Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property
2225:
Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property
2611:
Digital repository audit method based on risk assessment
1275:
Madonna and Child with the Infant Saint John the Baptist
725:. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. p. 335.
37:
have been undertaken by artistic masters for centuries,
3259:
Conservation-restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes
184:
later wrote, " the saddest work of art in the world."
109:'s announcement that one among them will betray him.
55:
conservation and restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's
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345:tablecloth and the gold lettering on Judas's robe.
234:In 1726, the first recorded restoration attempt of
1010:
3264:Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty
2400:Mold control and prevention (library and archive)
2215:Conservation and restoration of cultural property
374:are only allowed to remain for 15 to 20 minutes.
3287:Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies
3277:Conservation response to flood of Arno, Florence
3241:Conservation-restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's
3282:Modern and Contemporary Art Research Initiative
3254:Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin
97:verse John 13:22, showing the reactions of the
3218:Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum
2375:Integrated pest management (cultural property)
72:is located in the refectory of the Convent of
2139:
1881:
1050:
39:Leonardo da Vinci's late 1490s mural painting
8:
1414:Designs for an Adoration of the Christ Child
173:In 1796, French forces, under the orders of
987:. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
2783:Books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera
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1874:
1866:
1399:
1256:
1057:
1043:
1035:
965:. Milan, Italy: Skira Editore. p. 52.
895:. Milan, Italy: Skira Editore. p. 51.
3313:Conservation and restoration of paintings
2330:Disaster preparedness (cultural property)
1428:Head of the Infant Saint John the Baptist
1004:
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978:
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452:. Cologne, Germany: Taschen. p. 231.
450:Leonardo da Vinci: The Complete Paintings
431:Leonardo da Vinci: The Complete Paintings
264:In 1821, Stefano Barezzi, convinced that
2230:Conservation science (cultural property)
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93:The scene is understood to depict the
208:Restoration and conservation attempts
7:
1229:The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne
337:behind. This attempt, according to
117:When he received the commission for
2415:Preservation (library and archive)
983:Brambilla Barcilon, Pinin (1999).
721:Brambilla Barcilon, Pinin (1999).
536:Merriam-Webster (31 August 2023).
384:List of works by Leonardo da Vinci
25:
1500:Drapery of the Virgin's Right Arm
3269:Conservation-restoration of the
3145:Indigenous intellectual property
1850:
1849:
1386:Studies of the Fetus in the Womb
1365:The Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian
1351:Study for the Madonna of the Cat
919:. New York: Bloomsbury. p.
853:. New York: Bloomsbury. p.
819:. New York: Bloomsbury. p.
781:. New York: Bloomsbury. p.
747:. New York: Bloomsbury. p.
696:. New York: Bloomsbury. p.
658:. New York: Bloomsbury. p.
627:. New York: Bloomsbury. p.
593:. New York: Bloomsbury. p.
557:. New York: Bloomsbury. p.
511:. New York: Bloomsbury. p.
480:. New York: Bloomsbury. p.
167:was "in a state of total ruin."
2380:Inventory (library and archive)
2280:Cultural property documentation
963:Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper
893:Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper
74:Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan
49:, being the best-known example.
3318:Paintings by Leonardo da Vinci
2778:Bone, horn, and antler objects
2320:Digital photograph restoration
1804:replicas and reinterpretations
1750:Museo Ideale Leonardo da Vinci
1393:Portrait of a Man in Red Chalk
1147:Saint Jerome in the Wilderness
1:
2963:South Asian household shrines
2661:Reconstruction (architecture)
2591:Cultural property radiography
2548:Registrar (cultural property)
2300:Cultural resources management
2260:Collections management system
333:over the paint and injecting
313:In 1924, the Italian painter
158:By 1517, Leonardo da Vinci's
113:Techniques and materials used
3323:Paintings of the Last Supper
3232:Conservation-restoration of
3223:Conservation-restoration of
2596:Detachment of wall paintings
2370:Intangible cultural heritage
2285:Cultural property exhibition
2270:Cultural heritage management
1793:Conservation-restoration of
1560:Codex on the Flight of Birds
1493:Drapery of the Virgin's Legs
1119:The Madonna of the Carnation
1013:Leonardo and the Last Supper
916:Leonardo and the Last Supper
850:Leonardo and The Last Supper
816:Leonardo and the Last Supper
778:Leonardo and the Last Supper
744:Leonardo and the Last Supper
693:Leonardo and the Last Supper
655:Leonardo and the Last Supper
624:Leonardo and the Last Supper
590:Leonardo and the Last Supper
554:Leonardo and the Last Supper
508:Leonardo and the Last Supper
477:Leonardo and the Last Supper
35:Last Supper in Christian art
2676:Transfer of panel paintings
1719:Giovanni Ambrogio de Predis
1674:Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio
1379:Portrait of Isabella d'Este
3344:
3140:Heritage language learning
2410:Optical media preservation
1745:Museo leonardiano di Vinci
1282:The Holy Infants Embracing
3180:Oral history preservation
2295:Cultural property storage
2290:Cultural property imaging
2099:
2079:Other media (by location)
1844:✻✻ Possible collaboration
1837:
1694:Giovanni Agostino da Lodi
1140:The Adoration of the Magi
1072:
985:Leonardo: The Last Supper
723:Leonardo: The Last Supper
3227:by Elías García Martínez
2445:Sustainable preservation
2063:Sculptures (by sculptor)
2008:Signorelli (Lamentation)
1971:conservation-restoration
1017:. New York: Bloomsbury.
349:Pinin Brambilla Barcilon
3185:Preservation of meaning
3170:Language revitalization
2838:Illuminated manuscripts
2616:Historic paint analysis
2508:Conservation technician
2310:Deaccessioning (museum)
2250:Collections maintenance
2175:Agents of deterioration
2047:Paintings (by location)
961:Marani, Pietro (2009).
891:Marani, Pietro (2009).
448:Zollner, Frank (2011).
429:Zollner, Frank (2011).
3195:Tradition preservation
2848:Iron and steel objects
2737:Outdoor bronze objects
2681:UVC-based preservation
2538:Photograph conservator
2503:Conservation scientist
2255:Collections management
2185:Archaeological science
2003:Signorelli (Communion)
1571:A Treatise on Painting
1289:The Battle of Anghiari
1250:Saint John the Baptist
1169:Portrait of a Musician
1082:Science and inventions
405:by Stefano Zuffi 2003
358:
221:
50:
3200:Traditional knowledge
3165:Language preservation
2773:Ancient Greek pottery
2671:Textile stabilization
2533:Paintings conservator
2420:Preservation metadata
2305:Database preservation
2159:historic preservation
1904:Paintings (by artist)
1788:Portraits of Leonardo
1463:Child with Saint Anne
1111:The Baptism of Christ
403:Gospel Figures in Art
356:
230:Michelangelo Bellotti
215:
32:
2988:Time-based media art
2798:Copper-based objects
2712:Archaeological sites
2641:Mass deacidification
2586:Cradling (paintings)
2498:Conservator-restorer
2325:Digital preservation
1684:Bernardino de' Conti
1184:La Belle Ferronnière
433:. Cologne, Germany:
216:Leonardo da Vinci's
82:was commissioned by
3292:World Heritage Site
3155:Indigenous language
3055:Endangered language
2953:Shipwreck artifacts
2933:Photographic plates
2883:Musical instruments
2636:Lining of paintings
2553:Textile conservator
2528:Objects conservator
2518:Exhibition designer
2425:Preservation survey
2350:Found in collection
2240:Collection (museum)
2210:Calendar (archives)
2180:Archival processing
2112:Christianity portal
1829:(Galleria Borghese)
1814:Mathematics and art
1778:Cultural references
1641:Rapid fire crossbow
1631:Self-propelled cart
1405:Virgin of the Rocks
1177:Lady with an Ermine
1162:Virgin of the Rocks
1009:King, Ross (2012).
913:King, Ross (2012).
847:King, Ross (2012).
813:King, Ross (2012).
775:King, Ross (2012).
741:King, Ross (2012).
690:King, Ross (2012).
652:King, Ross (2012).
621:King, Ross (2012).
587:King, Ross (2012).
551:King, Ross (2012).
505:King, Ross (2012).
474:King, Ross (2012).
3150:Indigenous culture
2493:Collection manager
2390:Media preservation
2385:Inventory (museum)
2245:Collection catalog
2105:Visual arts portal
1897:Last Supper in art
1594:Divina proportione
1550:Codex Trivulzianus
1514:Head of the Virgin
1507:Head of Saint Anne
359:
222:
51:
33:Depictions of the
3300:
3299:
3249:Pompeian frescoes
3135:Heritage language
3025:cultural heritage
2813:Flags and banners
2758:cultural property
2722:Heritage railways
2702:cultural property
2651:Paleo-inspiration
2335:Film preservation
2275:Cultural property
2265:Cultural heritage
2155:Cultural heritage
2121:
2120:
1863:
1862:
1827:Leda and the Swan
1820:The Lost Leonardo
1636:Octant projection
1606:Harpsichord-viola
1523:
1522:
1421:Head of the Angel
1305:
1304:
1296:Leda and the Swan
1221:Lansdowne Madonna
1205:Buccleuch Madonna
1126:Ginevra de' Benci
1066:Leonardo da Vinci
415:Google books link
411:978-0-89236-727-6
321:Mauro Pelliccioli
194:in Italy, when a
135:calcium carbonate
66:Leonardo da Vinci
16:(Redirected from
3335:
3236:by Thomas Eakins
3234:The Gross Clinic
3130:Folklore studies
3040:Applied folklore
3013:Wooden furniture
3008:Wooden artifacts
3003:Woodblock prints
2983:Tibetan thangkas
2843:Insect specimens
2732:Outdoor artworks
2727:Historic gardens
2360:Heritage science
2148:
2141:
2134:
2125:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1867:
1853:
1852:
1809:High Renaissance
1757:Leonardo3 Museum
1699:Bernardino Luini
1621:Fighting vehicle
1535:Codex Atlanticus
1475:(London cartoon)
1459:Relating to the
1438:Studies for the
1403:Studies for the
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1104:The Annunciation
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315:Oreste Silvestri
309:Oreste Silvestri
99:Twelve Disciples
21:
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3303:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3243:The Last Supper
3210:
3204:
3190:Primitive music
3100:Folk instrument
3075:Family folklore
3065:Ethnomusicology
3060:Ethnochoreology
3027:
3024:
3017:
2938:Plastic objects
2923:Performance art
2908:Panel paintings
2903:Painting frames
2868:Leather objects
2788:Ceramic objects
2760:
2757:
2755:
2754:and restoration
2753:
2746:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2698:and restoration
2697:
2690:
2656:Paper splitting
2571:Aging (artwork)
2563:
2557:
2543:Preservationist
2465:
2459:
2315:Digital library
2167:
2161:
2152:
2122:
2117:
2095:
2074:
2058:
2042:
1899:
1894:
1864:
1859:
1841:✻ Collaboration
1833:
1795:The Last Supper
1766:
1733:
1714:Francesco Melzi
1709:Marco d'Oggiono
1679:Cesare da Sesto
1660:
1651:Viola organista
1597:(illustrations)
1576:
1565:Codex Leicester
1519:
1462:
1454:
1433:
1398:
1338:
1325:Horse and Rider
1301:
1255:
1198:Sala delle Asse
1191:The Last Supper
1091:
1068:
1063:
1033:
1032:
1025:
1008:
1007:
992:
982:
981:
970:
960:
959:
938:
931:
912:
911:
900:
890:
889:
872:
865:
846:
845:
838:
831:
812:
811:
800:
793:
774:
773:
766:
759:
740:
739:
730:
720:
719:
715:
708:
689:
688:
677:
670:
651:
650:
646:
639:
620:
619:
612:
605:
586:
585:
576:
569:
550:
549:
545:
535:
534:
530:
523:
504:
503:
499:
492:
473:
472:
468:
461:
457:
447:
446:
442:
428:
427:
420:
401:
397:
392:
380:
368:vanishing point
351:
327:The Last Supper
323:
311:
303:The Last Supper
299:
297:Luigi Cavenaghi
294:
274:The Last Supper
266:The Last Supper
262:
260:Stefano Barezzi
257:
249:The Last Supper
245:
236:The Last Supper
232:
227:
218:The Last Supper
210:
200:The Last Supper
196:Royal Air Force
188:The Last Supper
165:The Last Supper
160:The Last Supper
156:
119:The Last Supper
115:
103:the Last Supper
84:Ludovico Sforza
79:The Last Supper
57:The Last Supper
23:
22:
18:Stefano Barezzi
15:
12:
11:
5:
3341:
3339:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3305:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3238:
3229:
3220:
3214:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3175:Living history
3172:
3167:
3162:
3160:Language death
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3095:Folk etymology
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3045:Dance notation
3042:
3037:
3031:
3029:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2958:Silver objects
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
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2835:
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2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2764:
2762:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2742:Outdoor murals
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2708:
2706:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2666:Rissverklebung
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2581:Arrested decay
2578:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2564:and techniques
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
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2469:
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2461:
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2457:
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2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2355:Heritage asset
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2200:Bioarchaeology
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2128:
2119:
2118:
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2050:
2048:
2044:
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2041:
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2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1907:
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1895:
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1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1590:
1584:
1582:
1581:Other projects
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1479:Second cartoon
1476:
1467:
1465:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1449:Head of Christ
1444:
1442:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1409:
1407:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1358:Head of a Bear
1354:
1346:
1344:
1343:Works on paper
1340:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1328:
1321:
1318:Budapest Horse
1313:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1263:
1261:
1260:Lost paintings
1254:
1253:
1246:
1243:La Scapigliata
1239:
1232:
1225:
1217:
1213:Salvator Mundi
1209:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1165:
1158:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1133:Benois Madonna
1129:
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1115:
1107:
1099:
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1079:
1073:
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1069:
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1054:
1047:
1039:
1031:
1030:
1024:978-0802717054
1023:
990:
968:
936:
930:978-0802717054
929:
898:
870:
864:978-0802717054
863:
836:
830:978-0802717054
829:
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792:978-0802717054
791:
764:
758:978-0802717054
757:
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707:978-0802717054
706:
675:
669:978-0802717054
668:
644:
638:978-0802717054
637:
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604:978-0802717054
603:
574:
568:978-0802717054
567:
543:
528:
522:978-0802717054
521:
497:
491:978-0802717054
490:
466:
455:
440:
437:. p. 230.
418:
413:pages 254-259
394:
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350:
347:
322:
319:
310:
307:
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293:
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261:
258:
256:
253:
244:
243:Giuseppe Mazza
241:
231:
228:
226:
223:
209:
206:
155:
152:
114:
111:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3340:
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3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
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3308:
3293:
3290:
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3280:
3278:
3275:
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3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
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3247:
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3239:
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3230:
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3226:
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3216:
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3213:
3207:
3201:
3198:
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3186:
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3171:
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3158:
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3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3105:Folk medicine
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3035:Ancient music
3033:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2968:Stained glass
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2948:Road vehicles
2946:
2944:
2943:Rail vehicles
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2893:New media art
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2853:Ivory objects
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2833:Human remains
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2823:Glass objects
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2700:of immovable
2693:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2601:Desmet method
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:and expertise
2462:
2456:
2455:Web archiving
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
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2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2365:Inherent vice
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
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2301:
2298:
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2268:
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2256:
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2238:
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2176:
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2170:
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2137:
2135:
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2126:
2114:
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2049:
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2036:
2034:
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2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
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1968:
1967:
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1962:
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1957:
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1952:
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1937:
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1729:Andrea Solari
1727:
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1588:Architonnerre
1586:
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1579:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
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1548:
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1545:Codex Arundel
1543:
1541:
1540:Codex Windsor
1538:
1536:
1533:
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1530:
1526:
1516:
1515:
1511:
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1395:
1394:
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1376:
1374:
1373:
1372:Vitruvian Man
1369:
1367:
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1362:
1360:
1359:
1355:
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1348:
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1154:Madonna Litta
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1087:Personal life
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1077:List of works
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463:John 13:22–30
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36:
31:
27:
19:
3270:
3242:
3240:
3233:
3224:
3115:Folk process
3070:Ethnopoetics
3028:preservation
2888:Neon objects
2761:by item type
2752:Conservation
2705:by item type
2696:Conservation
2646:Overpainting
2606:Display case
2435:Repatriation
2110:
2103:
1970:
1826:
1818:
1801:
1794:
1792:
1704:Cesare Magni
1689:Giampietrino
1666:Leonardeschi
1611:Aerial screw
1592:
1569:
1555:Codex Madrid
1512:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1486:Christ Child
1484:
1470:
1460:
1447:
1439:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1404:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1335:(unexecuted)
1332:Sforza Horse
1330:
1323:
1316:
1294:
1287:
1280:
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1234:
1227:
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192:World War II
187:
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147:lead dioxide
132:
118:
116:
92:
77:
56:
54:
53:Work on the
52:
26:
3271:H.L. Hunley
3050:Early music
2998:Vinyl discs
2993:Totem poles
2928:Photographs
2873:Lighthouses
2863:Lacquerware
2818:Fur objects
2756:of movable
2686:VisualAudio
2631:Leafcasting
2576:Anastylosis
2523:Mount maker
2483:Art handler
2340:Finding aid
2190:Archaeology
1961:Ghirlandaio
1528:Manuscripts
1440:Last Supper
182:Henry James
62:Renaissance
3307:Categories
3110:Folk music
3090:Folk dance
3023:Intangible
2621:Inpainting
2488:Auctioneer
2478:Art dealer
2430:Provenance
2235:Collecting
2168:and issues
2054:Strasbourg
2013:Tintoretto
1601:Great Kite
1461:Virgin and
1310:Sculptures
390:References
364:watercolor
282:Maximilian
143:lead white
76:, Italy.
3328:Mona Lisa
3225:Ecce Homo
3120:Folk play
2973:Taxidermy
2918:Parchment
2898:Paintings
2473:Archivist
2091:Jerusalem
1956:Fernandes
1802:Mona Lisa
1783:Namesakes
1656:World Map
1236:Mona Lisa
1096:Paintings
286:Francesco
139:magnesium
3211:projects
3125:Foodways
3085:Folk art
3080:Folklore
2978:Textiles
2828:Herbaria
2803:Feathers
2768:Aircraft
2626:Kintsugi
2450:Treasure
2023:van Gent
2018:Veronese
1993:Rosselli
1983:Perugino
1966:Leonardo
1951:El Greco
1921:Castagno
1855:Category
1616:Crossbow
538:"Fresco"
378:See also
278:lunettes
175:Napoleon
3209:Notable
2913:Papyrus
2858:Judaica
2717:Frescos
2562:Methods
2513:Curator
2195:Archive
2070:Dircksz
1931:Cranach
1911:Barocci
1771:Related
1738:Museums
435:Taschen
331:shellac
127:tempera
64:artist
2878:Metals
2793:Clocks
2405:Museum
2395:Midden
2166:Topics
2086:Dublin
2033:Warhol
1998:Rubens
1988:Pisani
1936:Crespi
1481:(lost)
1268:Medusa
1021:
927:
861:
827:
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755:
704:
666:
635:
601:
565:
519:
488:
409:
335:casein
123:fresco
68:, the
2464:Roles
2440:Ruins
2345:Fonds
2038:White
2028:Vouet
1978:Nolde
1916:Bouts
1724:Salaì
1646:Sonar
1626:Robot
292:1900s
255:1800s
225:1700s
107:Jesus
95:Bible
70:mural
47:Italy
43:Milan
2808:Film
2205:Book
2157:and
1941:Dalí
1019:ISBN
925:ISBN
859:ISBN
825:ISBN
787:ISBN
753:ISBN
702:ISBN
664:ISBN
633:ISBN
599:ISBN
563:ISBN
517:ISBN
486:ISBN
407:ISBN
284:and
1926:Cox
921:272
855:272
821:276
783:274
749:273
698:271
660:109
629:108
595:107
559:105
105:to
101:at
41:in
3309::
1946:Ge
1216:✻✻
1172:✻✻
993:^
971:^
939:^
923:.
901:^
873:^
857:.
839:^
823:.
801:^
785:.
767:^
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731:^
700:.
678:^
662:.
631:.
613:^
597:.
577:^
561:.
515:.
513:48
484:.
482:49
421:^
288:.
137:,
86:,
45:,
2147:e
2140:t
2133:v
1889:e
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1224:✻
1208:✻
1157:✻
1114:✻
1058:e
1051:t
1044:v
1027:.
933:.
867:.
833:.
795:.
761:.
710:.
672:.
641:.
607:.
571:.
540:.
525:.
494:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
