314:
727:
395:
349:
143:
372:
38:
835:
268:
stevioside about 140 times. Rebaudioside A also had the least bitterness and aftertaste. The relative sweetness seems to vary with concentration: a mix of steviol glycosides in the natural proportions was found to be 150 times sweeter than sucrose when matching a 3% sucrose solution, but only 100 times sweeter when matching a 10% sucrose solution.
267:
Early sensory tests led to claims that rebaudioside A was 150 to 320 times sweeter than sucrose, stevioside was 110 to 270 times sweeter, rebaudioside C 40 to 60 times sweeter, and dulcoside A 30 times sweeter. However, a more recent evaluation found rebaudoside A to be about 240 times sweeter, and
263:
Stevioside and rebaudioside A were first isolated in 1931 by French chemists, Bridel and
Lavielle. Both compounds have only glucose subgroups: stevioside has two linked glucose molecules at the hydroxyl site, whereas rebaudioside A has three, with the middle glucose of the triplet connected to the
240:
The last three are present only in minute quantities, and rebaudioside B has been claimed to be a byproduct of the isolation technique. A commercial steviol glycoside mixture extracted from the plant was found to have about 80% stevioside, 8% rebaudioside A, and 0.6% rebaudioside C.
313:
1098:
792:
561:
H.M.A.B. Cardello; M.A.P.A. Da Silva; M.H. Damasio (1999). "Measurement of the relative sweetness of stevia extract, aspartame and cyclamate/saccharin blend as compared to sucrose at different concentrations".
368:
mechanism. Elongation begins when IPP and DMAPP form
Geranyl Pyrophosphate (GPP). GPP elongates through the same Sn1 mechanism to create Farnesyl Pyrophosphate (FPP), and FPP elongates to form GGPP.
134:(ADI) for steviol glycosides, expressed as steviol equivalents, has been established to be 4 mg/kg body weight/day, and is based on no observed effects of a 100 fold higher dose in a rat study.
773:
Huxtable, R.J., 2002. Pharmacology and toxicology of stevioside, rebaudioside A, and steviol. In: Kinghorn, A.D. (Ed.), Stevia: The Genus Stevia. Taylor and
Francis, London and New York, pp.160–177.
1091:
406:
then follows several modifications from steviol that regioselectively select for sugar molecules to be placed. Once these molecules are fully glycosylated, the glycosides are then stored in
1084:
111:
have been reported to be between 30 and 320 times sweeter than sucrose, although there is some disagreement in the technical literature about these numbers. They are heat-stable,
759:
782:
Lichtenhalter, H.K., 1999. The 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant
Physiol. PlantMol. Biol. 50, 47–65.
458:
2113:
2079:
793:
Biosynthesis of the diterpenoid steviol, an ent-kaurene derivative from Stevia rebaudiana
Bertoni, via the methylerythritol phosphate pathway
1107:
867:
2850:
1966:
1706:
2805:
1941:
1676:
819:
Functional genomics uncovers threeglucosyltransferases involved in the synthesis of the major sweetglucosides of Stevia rebaudiana
394:
348:
325:
that fall into the category of steviol glycoside, synthesis follows a similar route. Synthesis of steviol glycoside begins with
252:. According to the EU Stevia Regulation of 13 July 2021, however, rubusoside is one of the eleven major glycoside components of
2928:
2241:
806:
Diterpene synthesis in Stevia rebaudiana: recruitment and up-regulationof key enzymes from the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway
2815:
2236:
2231:
1681:
146:
Molecular structure of steviol, showing the substituted hydrogens on the carboxyl group (bottom) and the hydroxyl group (top)
2948:
2216:
2211:
1158:
839:
2924:
2201:
1762:
2963:
357:
2953:
342:
2566:
2958:
1330:
371:
2316:
2226:
2221:
2206:
2023:
1523:
1153:
1148:
860:
2507:
2289:
131:
818:
805:
726:
2810:
2657:
2374:
2246:
2152:
1518:
1163:
330:
739:
84:
2485:
2284:
1569:
1303:
291:
2512:
2865:
2686:
2628:
2557:
2465:
2418:
1853:
1716:
1654:
1634:
1508:
1196:
674:
650:
473:
303:
497:
2770:
2690:
2632:
2590:
2532:
2300:
1808:
1479:
853:
96:
1813:
2895:
2755:
2651:
2517:
2312:
2258:
1823:
1767:
1696:
1497:
1389:
1175:
1122:
702:"Scientific Opinion on the safety of steviol glycosides for the proposed uses as a food additive"
587:
334:
67:
49:
1946:
817:
Richman, A., Swanson, A., Humphrey, T., Chapman, R., McGarvey, B., Pocs, R., Brandle, J., 2005.
2750:
2611:
2006:
1905:
1858:
1788:
2855:
2845:
2368:
1956:
1879:
1701:
1470:
1425:
1415:
1360:
1313:
1113:
1006:
679:
626:
579:
489:
278:
58:
2870:
2780:
2546:
2384:
1848:
1793:
1454:
1138:
713:
669:
659:
618:
605:
Geuns, JM; Buyse, J; Vankeirsbilck, A; Temme, EH; Compernolle, F; Toppet, S (5 April 2006).
571:
536:
481:
429:
71:
2087:
2059:
2900:
2820:
2623:
2616:
2018:
2011:
1951:
1863:
1731:
1726:
1686:
1233:
1143:
940:
935:
930:
925:
907:
902:
897:
892:
884:
754:
646:"Stevia Leaf to Stevia Sweetener: Exploring Its Science, Benefits, and Future Potential"
477:
2647:
2562:
2332:
2254:
1961:
1493:
1400:
1370:
1263:
1171:
212:
90:
791:
Totté, N., Charon, L., Rohmer, M., Compernolle, F., Baboeuf, I., Geuns, J.M.C., 2000.
30:
This article is about the chemical compounds. For the sweeteners containing them, see
2942:
2880:
2860:
2455:
2170:
2001:
1981:
1711:
1599:
1410:
1283:
1200:
1028:
1011:
295:
53:
701:
591:
485:
2760:
2576:
2536:
2469:
2459:
2450:
2445:
2388:
2346:
1936:
1721:
1630:
1543:
1355:
1350:
1253:
606:
403:
365:
338:
286:
of the glucosides occurs only in green tissues. Steviol is first produced in the
283:
116:
17:
2800:
2728:
2712:
2580:
2552:
2435:
2379:
2322:
2308:
1996:
1991:
1931:
1660:
1645:
1640:
1594:
1533:
1460:
1440:
1419:
1380:
1243:
1208:
1016:
973:
963:
142:
123:
158:. Specifically, their molecules can be viewed as a steviol molecule, with its
2790:
2681:
2596:
2586:
2542:
2526:
2522:
2413:
2279:
2147:
2028:
1874:
1802:
1798:
1691:
1650:
1475:
1465:
1450:
1318:
1228:
978:
958:
575:
307:
203:
196:
79:
63:
718:
2905:
2890:
2885:
2835:
2830:
2475:
2394:
2352:
2342:
1579:
1444:
1065:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1023:
1001:
968:
950:
876:
419:
388:
361:
299:
151:
683:
630:
583:
493:
834:
804:
Richman, A.S., Gijzen, M., Starratt, A.N., Yang, Z., Brandle, J.E., 1999.
525:"Stevia rebaudiana: Its agricultural, biological, and chemical properties"
2840:
2825:
2794:
2784:
2774:
2764:
2745:
2733:
2702:
2697:
2661:
2572:
2425:
2364:
2336:
2326:
2304:
1986:
1971:
1895:
1833:
1818:
1778:
1584:
1559:
1512:
1503:
1430:
1396:
1340:
1335:
1297:
1293:
1267:
1257:
1247:
1237:
1223:
1181:
1076:
993:
983:
700:
Panel on Food
Additives and Nutrient Sources added to food (ANS) (2010).
384:
326:
322:
181:
177:
162:
159:
101:
664:
645:
2875:
2740:
2706:
2675:
2639:
2497:
2479:
2399:
2356:
2296:
2264:
2130:
2074:
1975:
1926:
1899:
1891:
1838:
1772:
1745:
1588:
1564:
1485:
1434:
1323:
1186:
1055:
755:"Sur le principe sucré des feuilles de Kaâ-hê-é (stevia rebaundiana B)"
407:
317:
Formation of IPP and DMAPP from
Pyruvate and Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate
287:
169:
155:
37:
2184:
2042:
1613:
622:
393:
370:
347:
312:
2667:
2643:
2601:
2501:
2429:
2268:
2250:
2108:
2069:
2064:
1842:
1828:
1573:
1489:
1384:
1375:
1365:
1344:
1307:
1278:
1273:
1212:
1204:
1190:
1167:
917:
424:
380:
253:
185:
127:
75:
31:
1121:
541:
524:
2671:
2407:
2403:
2360:
2274:
2043:
1910:
1887:
1527:
1404:
1287:
1218:
173:
141:
36:
2606:
2440:
2185:
2131:
2092:
1783:
1746:
1614:
697:
165:
1080:
849:
387:(CDPS) and Kuarene Synthase (KS) to form -(-)Kuarene. Several
845:
2491:
112:
607:"Identification of steviol glucuronide in human urine"
248:
produces rubusoside, a steviol glycoside not found in
52:
responsible for the sweet taste of the leaves of the
1108:
741:
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2021/1156 of 13 July 2021
523:
Brandle, J. E.; Starratt, A. N.; Gijzen, M. (1998).
2721:
2194:
2183:
2163:
2140:
2129:
2101:
2052:
2041:
1919:
1755:
1744:
1669:
1623:
1612:
1552:
1131:
1120:
992:
949:
916:
883:
644:Samuel P, Ayoob KT, Magnuson BA, Mathews R (2018).
364:GGPP is formed by via head-to-tail addition by an
379:With the formation of GGPP cyclization occurs by
306:. Rebaudioside A, in particular, is formed from
518:
516:
514:
512:
510:
345:, are the initial molecules for this pathway.
1092:
861:
452:
450:
448:
446:
444:
27:Sweet chemicals derived from the Stevia plant
8:
2191:
2137:
2049:
1752:
1620:
1128:
1099:
1085:
1077:
868:
854:
846:
611:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
556:
554:
552:
180:hydrogen with combinations of glucose and
82:. They also occur in the related species
760:Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences
717:
675:1983/618532e2-6caa-4fbe-bd6e-6eb0cb608981
673:
663:
540:
440:
457:Brandle, J. E.; Telmer, P. G. (2007).
1279:CS gas (2-chlorobenzal malononitrile)
352:Elongation to GGPP from IPP and DMAPP
126:when ingested, because humans cannot
7:
2851:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
1967:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
1707:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
256:, extracted from the leaves of the
122:Steviol glycosides do not induce a
391:steps then occur to form steviol.
25:
795:Tetrahedron Letters 41, 6407–6410
753:Bridel, M.; Lavielle, R. (1931).
529:Canadian Journal of Plant Science
41:Molecular structure of stevioside
833:
725:
459:"Steviol glycoside biosynthesis"
191:The steviol glycosides found in
74:marketed under the generic name
564:Plant Foods for Human Nutrition
486:10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.02.010
66:) and the main ingredients (or
808:The Plant Journal 19, 411–421.
1:
2925:Receptor/signaling modulators
1274:CR gas (dibenzoxazepine; DBO)
333:. Two molecules derived from
88:(but in no other species of
2553:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
1461:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
1331:Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid
1159:15-Deoxy-Δ-prostaglandin J2
398:Rebaudioside A from Steviol
264:central steviol structure.
2980:
343:Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate
29:
2918:
321:Though there are several
1538:Umbellularia californica
719:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1537
107:Steviol glycosides from
2508:N-Arachidonoyl dopamine
2290:Andrographis paniculata
1039:Anthraquinone glycoside
763:(Parts 192): 1123–1125.
576:10.1023/A:1008134420339
132:acceptable daily intake
2929:Ion channel modulators
2658:Tetrahydrocannabivarin
2153:Tripterygium wilfordii
1519:Tetrahydrocannabiorcol
399:
376:
353:
329:units created via the
318:
147:
42:
2486:Lysophosphatidic acid
397:
374:
356:Upon forming IPP and
351:
316:
292:endoplasmic reticulum
221:Rebaudioside C (1–2%)
199:percentage, include:
145:
40:
2949:Diterpene glycosides
2866:Pregnenolone sulfate
2687:Euphorbia resinifera
2629:Euphorbia resinifera
2558:Phenylacetylrinvanil
2518:N-Oleoylethanolamide
2466:Homodihydrocapsaicin
1854:Pregnenolone sulfate
1717:Pregnenolone sulfate
1524:Thiopropanal S-oxide
1509:Tetrahydrocannabinol
1197:Allyl isothiocyanate
1024:Cyanogenic glycoside
842:at Wikimedia Commons
651:Journal of Nutrition
383:copalyl diphosphate
375:Formation of Steviol
304:glucosyltransferases
294:is glucosylated and
209:Dulcoside A (0.5–1%)
172:molecule to form an
150:These compounds are
115:-stable, and do not
2771:Cannabigerolic acid
2533:Nordihydrocapsaicin
2494:(acidic conditions)
1049:Flavonoid glycoside
1002:Alcoholic glycoside
478:2007PChem..68.1855B
302:, catalyzed by UDP-
94:) and in the plant
2964:E-number additives
2734:Vernonia tweediana
2313:African blue basil
2285:Bisandrographolide
1871:Steviol glycosides
1824:Hydroxycitronellal
1570:Dehydroligustilide
1390:Angelica acutiloba
1304:Dehydroligustilide
1044:Coumarin glycoside
1034:Phenolic glycoside
840:Steviol glycosides
821:Plant J. 41, 56–67
658:(7): 1186S–1205S.
402:Steviol glycoside
400:
377:
354:
335:primary metabolism
331:DXP or MEP pathway
319:
244:The Chinese plant
195:leaves, and their
148:
50:chemical compounds
46:Steviol glycosides
43:
18:Steviol glycosides
2954:Sugar substitutes
2936:
2935:
2914:
2913:
2846:Meclofenamic acid
2652:melegueta peppers
2523:Nonivamide (PAVA)
2259:melegueta peppers
2179:
2178:
2125:
2124:
2037:
2036:
1957:Meclofenamic acid
1880:Stevia rebaudiana
1740:
1739:
1702:Meclofenamic acid
1608:
1607:
1498:melegueta peppers
1471:Phenacyl chloride
1426:N-Methylmaleimide
1416:Methyl salicylate
1361:Hydrogen peroxide
1314:Diallyl disulfide
1176:melegueta peppers
1074:
1073:
1061:Steviol glycoside
1007:Cardiac glycoside
908:C-glycosidic bond
903:S-glycosidic bond
898:N-glycosidic bond
893:O-glycosidic bond
838:Media related to
665:10.1093/jn/nxy102
623:10.1021/jf052693e
472:(14): 1855–1863.
279:Stevia rebaudiana
258:Stevia rebaudiana
124:glycemic response
109:Stevia rebaudiana
59:Stevia rebaudiana
16:(Redirected from
2971:
2959:Carboxylic acids
2781:Cannabigerovarin
2513:N-Oleoyldopamine
2419:Euodia ruticarpa
2385:Dihydrocapsaicin
2192:
2188:
2138:
2134:
2050:
2046:
1794:Cooling Agent 10
1753:
1749:
1621:
1617:
1139:4-Hydroxynonenal
1129:
1125:
1110:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1078:
870:
863:
856:
847:
837:
822:
815:
809:
802:
796:
789:
783:
780:
774:
771:
765:
764:
750:
744:
737:
731:
730:
729:
723:
721:
694:
688:
687:
677:
667:
641:
635:
634:
602:
596:
595:
558:
547:
546:
544:
520:
505:
504:
502:
496:. Archived from
463:
454:
430:Sugar substitute
21:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2910:
2901:Tolfenamic acid
2821:Flufenamic acid
2717:
2624:Resiniferatoxin
2617:Ruta graveolens
2380:Diacyl glycerol
2175:
2159:
2121:
2117:
2097:
2083:
2033:
2019:Tolfenamic acid
2012:Ruta graveolens
1952:Flufenamic acid
1915:
1864:Ruta graveolens
1775:(intracellular)
1736:
1732:Tolfenamic acid
1687:Flufenamic acid
1665:
1641:Diacyl glycerol
1604:
1548:
1234:Cannabichromene
1144:4-Oxo-2-nonenal
1116:
1105:
1075:
1070:
988:
945:
912:
879:
874:
830:
825:
816:
812:
803:
799:
790:
786:
781:
777:
772:
768:
752:
751:
747:
738:
734:
724:
696:
695:
691:
643:
642:
638:
604:
603:
599:
560:
559:
550:
542:10.4141/P97-114
522:
521:
508:
500:
461:
456:
455:
442:
438:
416:
274:
140:
85:S. phlebophylla
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2977:
2975:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2941:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2788:
2778:
2768:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2700:
2695:
2679:
2665:
2655:
2637:
2621:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2591:Dorrigo pepper
2584:
2570:
2563:Phorbol esters
2560:
2555:
2550:
2540:
2530:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2495:
2488:
2483:
2473:
2463:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2423:
2411:
2397:
2392:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2350:
2340:
2333:Cannabidivarin
2330:
2320:
2301:camphor laurel
2294:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2262:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2189:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2144:
2142:
2135:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2047:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1969:
1964:
1962:Mefenamic acid
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1884:
1868:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1770:
1765:
1759:
1757:
1750:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1655:St John's wort
1648:
1643:
1638:
1635:St John's wort
1627:
1625:
1618:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1582:
1577:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1531:
1521:
1516:
1506:
1501:
1483:
1480:Dorrigo pepper
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1448:
1438:
1428:
1423:
1413:
1408:
1401:Sichuan pepper
1394:
1378:
1373:
1371:Isothiocyanate
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1316:
1311:
1301:
1291:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1264:Cinnamaldehyde
1261:
1251:
1241:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1194:
1184:
1179:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1135:
1133:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1081:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1004:
998:
996:
990:
989:
987:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
955:
953:
947:
946:
944:
943:
938:
933:
928:
922:
920:
914:
913:
911:
910:
905:
900:
895:
889:
887:
881:
880:
875:
873:
872:
865:
858:
850:
844:
843:
829:
828:External links
826:
824:
823:
810:
797:
784:
775:
766:
745:
732:
689:
636:
597:
570:(2): 119–129.
548:
535:(4): 527–536.
506:
503:on 2017-08-10.
466:Phytochemistry
439:
437:
434:
433:
432:
427:
422:
415:
412:
273:
270:
238:
237:
236:Steviolbioside
234:
231:
230:Rebaudioside F
228:
227:Rebaudioside E
225:
224:Rebaudioside D
222:
219:
218:Rebaudioside B
216:
213:Rebaudioside A
210:
207:
168:replaced by a
139:
136:
54:South American
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2976:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
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2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2917:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2881:Ruthenium red
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2861:Niflumic acid
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
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2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2729:α-Spinasterol
2727:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2688:
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2680:
2677:
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2669:
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2659:
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2578:
2574:
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2564:
2561:
2559:
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2528:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2456:Homocapsaicin
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2369:wild bergamot
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2317:camphor basil
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2182:
2172:
2171:Ruthenium red
2169:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2128:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2002:Ruthenium red
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1982:Niflumic acid
1980:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:; indirectly)
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1809:Frescolat MGA
1807:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1743:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1712:Niflumic acid
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1611:
1601:
1600:Ruthenium red
1598:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1411:Methylglyoxal
1409:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1284:Cuminaldehyde
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1067:
1066:Thioglycoside
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1029:Glycosylamine
1027:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1012:Bufadienolide
1010:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
991:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
956:
954:
952:
948:
942:
941:1,6-Glycoside
939:
937:
936:1,4-Glycoside
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
923:
921:
919:
915:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
890:
888:
886:
882:
878:
871:
866:
864:
859:
857:
852:
851:
848:
841:
836:
832:
831:
827:
820:
814:
811:
807:
801:
798:
794:
788:
785:
779:
776:
770:
767:
762:
761:
756:
749:
746:
743:
742:
736:
733:
728:
720:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
693:
690:
685:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
657:
653:
652:
647:
640:
637:
632:
628:
624:
620:
617:(7): 2794–8.
616:
612:
608:
601:
598:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
557:
555:
553:
549:
543:
538:
534:
530:
526:
519:
517:
515:
513:
511:
507:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
460:
453:
451:
449:
447:
445:
441:
435:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
417:
413:
411:
409:
405:
396:
392:
390:
386:
382:
373:
369:
367:
363:
359:
350:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
315:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:
271:
269:
265:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
246:Rubus chingii
242:
235:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
201:
200:
198:
194:
193:S. rebaudiana
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
164:
161:
157:
153:
144:
137:
135:
133:
129:
125:
120:
118:
114:
110:
105:
103:
99:
98:
97:Rubus chingii
93:
92:
87:
86:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
47:
39:
33:
19:
2921:
2920:
2761:Cannabigerol
2732:
2685:
2627:
2615:
2577:black pepper
2537:chili pepper
2470:chili pepper
2460:chili pepper
2451:Hepoxilin B3
2446:Hepoxilin A3
2417:
2389:chili pepper
2347:chili pepper
2288:
2151:
2010:
1937:Clotrimazole
1878:
1870:
1862:
1814:Frescolat ML
1722:Progesterone
1631:Adhyperforin
1544:WIN 55,212-2
1537:
1388:
1356:Hepoxilin B3
1351:Hepoxilin A3
1322:
1254:Cannabigerol
1060:
813:
800:
787:
778:
769:
758:
748:
740:
735:
709:
706:EFSA Journal
705:
692:
655:
649:
639:
614:
610:
600:
567:
563:
532:
528:
498:the original
469:
465:
404:biosynthesis
401:
378:
355:
320:
296:glycosylated
284:biosynthesis
277:
275:
272:Biosynthesis
266:
262:
257:
249:
245:
243:
239:
192:
190:
149:
130:stevia. The
121:
108:
106:
95:
89:
83:
78:and several
57:
45:
44:
2896:Tivanisiran
2801:Capsazepine
2713:Zucapsaicin
2581:long pepper
2547:Pacific yew
2436:GSK1016790A
2323:Cannabidiol
2309:camphorweed
1997:RQ-00203078
1992:PF-05105679
1932:Capsazepine
1697:GSK2293017A
1661:Substance P
1646:GSK1702934A
1595:PF-04745637
1534:Umbellulone
1455:Pacific yew
1441:Oleocanthal
1420:wintergreen
1381:Ligustilide
1244:Cannabidiol
1209:horseradish
1017:Cardenolide
974:Glucuronide
964:Galactoside
931:β-Glycoside
926:α-Glycoside
712:(4): 1537.
290:and in the
184:to form an
80:trade names
2943:Categories
2791:Cannabinol
2691:pooissonii
2682:Tinyatoxin
2633:pooissonii
2597:Probenecid
2587:Polygodial
2543:Paclitaxel
2527:PAVA spray
2414:Evodiamine
2365:pepperwort
2280:Anandamide
2247:α-Sanshool
2195:Activators
2148:Triptolide
2141:Activators
2053:Activators
2029:TRPM4-IN-5
1947:Elismetrep
1875:stevioside
1803:eucalyptus
1799:Eucalyptol
1763:ADP-ribose
1756:Activators
1692:GSK417651A
1651:Hyperforin
1624:Activators
1504:Tear gases
1476:Polygodial
1466:PF-4840154
1451:Paclitaxel
1319:Dicentrine
1229:Bradykinin
1164:α-Sanshool
1132:Activators
1114:modulators
979:Rhamnoside
959:Fructoside
877:Glycosides
436:References
308:stevioside
233:Rubusoside
204:Stevioside
197:dry weight
152:glycosides
128:metabolize
72:sweeteners
70:) of many
68:precursors
64:Asteraceae
2922:See also:
2906:TRPV3-74a
2891:SB-705498
2886:SB-366791
2836:Lanthanum
2831:HC-067047
2751:Asivatrep
2612:Rutamarin
2476:Incensole
2426:Gingerols
2395:Estradiol
2371:, others)
2353:Carvacrol
2343:Capsaicin
2237:13-oxoODE
2227:12S-HpETE
2207:5',6'-EET
2007:Rutamarin
1906:Thio-BCTC
1859:Rutamarin
1789:Coolact P
1580:HC-030031
1445:olive oil
1341:Gingerols
1154:12S-HpETE
969:Glucoside
420:Glycoside
389:oxidation
362:diterpene
323:molecules
300:cytoplasm
138:Structure
2856:NGD-8243
2841:Mavatrep
2826:GRC-6211
2795:cannabis
2785:cannabis
2775:cannabis
2765:cannabis
2746:AMG-9810
2722:Blockers
2703:Vanillin
2698:Tramadol
2662:cannabis
2640:Shogaols
2573:Piperine
2337:cannabis
2327:cannabis
2305:rosemary
2222:12S-HETE
2217:9-oxoODE
2164:Blockers
2114:PI(4,5)P
2102:Blockers
2080:PI(3,5)P
1987:Ononetin
1972:Nicotine
1920:Blockers
1896:fructose
1888:tastants
1834:Linalool
1819:Geraniol
1779:CIM-0216
1670:Blockers
1585:Nicotine
1560:A-967079
1553:Blockers
1513:cannabis
1486:Shogaols
1431:Nicotine
1397:Linalool
1336:Formalin
1298:turmeric
1294:Curcumin
1268:cinnamon
1258:cannabis
1248:cannabis
1238:cannabis
1224:ASP-7663
1182:Acrolein
994:Aglycone
984:Riboside
918:Geometry
684:29982648
631:16569078
592:38718610
584:10646559
494:17397883
414:See also
408:vacuoles
385:synthase
339:Pyruvate
327:isoprene
288:plastids
182:rhamnose
178:hydroxyl
176:, and a
163:hydrogen
160:carboxyl
102:Rosaceae
48:are the
2876:RN-9893
2871:RN-1734
2741:AMG-517
2707:vanilla
2676:oregano
2648:Sichuan
2626:(RTX) (
2602:Protons
2565:(e.g.,
2498:Menthol
2480:incense
2400:Eugenol
2357:oregano
2297:Camphor
2265:Allicin
2255:Sichuan
2242:20-HETE
2232:13-HODE
2075:ML2-SA1
1976:tobacco
1927:AMG-333
1900:sucrose
1892:glucose
1890:(e.g.,
1873:(e.g.,
1839:Menthol
1773:Calcium
1589:tobacco
1565:AM-0902
1494:Sichuan
1435:tobacco
1324:Lindera
1201:mustard
1187:Allicin
1172:Sichuan
1149:4,5-EET
1111:channel
1056:Saponin
951:Glycone
474:Bibcode
381:enzymes
298:in the
206:(5–10%)
170:glucose
156:steviol
117:ferment
2816:DHEA-S
2668:Thymol
2644:ginger
2567:4α-PDD
2430:ginger
2269:garlic
2251:ginger
2212:9-HODE
2109:ML-SI3
2070:ML-SA1
2065:MK6-83
1886:Sweet
1849:PMD 38
1829:Icilin
1682:DHEA-S
1574:celery
1490:ginger
1385:celery
1376:JT-010
1366:Icilin
1345:ginger
1308:celery
1213:wasabi
1205:radish
1191:garlic
1168:ginger
682:
629:
590:
582:
492:
425:Stevia
360:, the
282:, the
254:Stevia
250:Stevia
215:(2–4%)
186:acetal
91:Stevia
76:stevia
56:plant
32:stevia
2806:DCDPC
2672:thyme
2408:clove
2404:basil
2361:thyme
2275:AM404
2202:2-APB
2088:SF-22
2060:EVP21
2044:TRPML
1942:DCDPC
1911:WS-12
1677:DCDPC
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