361:
477:
383:
38:
64:
410:
421:
that weigh between 26 and 46 g (0.92 and 1.62 oz) and are 23 to 44 cm (9.1–17.3 in) in length. Between 15 and 38 cm (5.9 and 15.0 in) of that length is in their massively elongated tails, the tails of the Cape sugarbird being overall longer than those of Gurney's
450:
southwards, except the extreme south of South Africa, where it is replaced by the Cape sugarbird in the Cape provinces of South Africa. It has at times been considered conspecific with Gurney's. The distribution of Gurney's sugarbird is disjunct, and currently two
492:
provide most of the energy these birds require, and they are considered significant pollinators of the genus. The birds' diet is supplemented by insects attracted to the inflorescences. Studies of their diets found that bees in the family
231:, but are not closely related to the former and are even more distantly related to the latter. They have brownish plumage, the long downcurved bill typical of passerine nectar feeders, and long tail feathers.
287:
family, which is otherwise restricted to the
Australasian region. Using egg white proteins in the 1970s, Sibley and Ahlquist mistakenly placed them with the starlings (the samples used were actually those of
5052:
422:
sugarbird. In both species, the tail of the male is longer than the female, although the difference is more pronounced in the Cape sugarbird. In overall body size, the males are
5057:
360:
4975:
5001:
615:
945:
605:
5047:
283:
The relationships of the sugarbirds have been a source of considerable debate. They were first treated as a far-flung member of the
917:
5006:
603:
de Swardt, Dawid (2008), "Family
Promeropidae (Sugarbirds)", in Josep, del Hoyo; Andrew, Elliott; David, Christie (eds.),
533:
Ornithologie, ou, Méthode
Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés
805:
63:
434:. The skull and tongue morphologies of the sugarbirds are very similar to that of the honeyeaters, the result of
329:
632:"African endemics span the tree of songbirds (Passeri): molecular systematics of several evolutionary 'enigmas'"
430:
that are slightly curved, and again the females have a slightly shorter bill, leading to differences in feeding
528:
476:
247:
149:
2219:
938:
130:
504:
The breeding behaviour and nesting habits of the two species of sugarbird are very similar. Sugarbirds are
4889:
382:
371:
296:) and the sunbirds. Molecular studies find support for few close relatives, and they are treated as a
4962:
4936:
2396:
1381:
889:
848:
694:
435:
3176:
835:
Tjørve, K; Geertsema, G.; Underhill, L. (2005). "Do sugarbirds feed on arthropods inside or outside
571:
Jobling, J.A. (2019). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.).
37:
3499:
3004:
2806:
505:
874:
Calf, K; Downs, C; Cherry, M. (2003). "Territoriality and breeding success in the Cape sugarbird (
5042:
3737:
2182:
2049:
1873:
931:
509:
58:
3245:
2262:
2148:
923:
4927:
3093:
1623:
5014:
4949:
4282:
4183:
3137:
2354:
787:
722:
663:
611:
423:
321:
305:
5019:
3945:
2854:
2340:
897:
856:
777:
767:
757:
712:
702:
653:
643:
431:
199:
4842:
3656:
3326:
2452:
2191:
1754:
1564:
893:
852:
698:
223:
to southern Africa. In general appearance and habits, they resemble large, long-tailed
4622:
4573:
4363:
4268:
4088:
3980:
3873:
3828:
3800:
3292:
3011:
2995:
2888:
2560:
2157:
1445:
1434:
782:
741:
717:
682:
658:
631:
393:
317:
301:
272:
251:
166:
46:
810:"Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens, gnatcatchers"
572:
5036:
4941:
4835:
4807:
4676:
4640:
4531:
4475:
4447:
4433:
4021:
3998:
3910:
3786:
3758:
3685:
3665:
3541:
3347:
3261:
3158:
2744:
2737:
2695:
2688:
2445:
2389:
2347:
2128:
2022:
1980:
1895:
1824:
1817:
1745:
1725:
1671:
1633:
1494:
1454:
1289:
1213:
1188:
1040:
880:
560:. Vol. 12. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 449.
485:
316:
Both species have been shown to exhibit exceptionally high genetic diversity at both
263:
172:
4793:
4770:
4738:
4724:
4710:
4629:
4615:
4482:
4468:
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4403:
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2139:
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1553:
1514:
1298:
1234:
1160:
1153:
1139:
1125:
1091:
259:
158:
512:
during the breeding season. Females lay two eggs in a nest in a fork of a tree.
4954:
809:
740:
Haworth, Evan S.; Cunningham, Michael J.; Calf Tjorve, Kathleen M. (2018-06-13).
4988:
4921:
4863:
4779:
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4524:
4383:
4338:
4275:
4241:
4143:
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4028:
4007:
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3492:
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3234:
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3213:
3206:
3116:
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2657:
2629:
2567:
2546:
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2459:
2324:
2299:
2226:
2114:
2086:
2058:
2015:
1944:
1866:
1852:
1810:
1803:
1789:
1782:
1602:
1587:
1580:
1573:
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1406:
1370:
1330:
1264:
1223:
1146:
1132:
1019:
555:
540:
536:
687:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
501:
formed a large part of the diet and that the insects were obtained by hawking.
4814:
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4696:
4687:
4649:
4587:
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1305:
1202:
1195:
1111:
1061:
1050:
452:
325:
284:
277:
228:
20:
4912:
438:. The tongue is long and protrusible, and is tubular and frilled at the end.
4856:
4752:
4660:
4559:
4454:
4324:
4303:
4199:
4163:
4132:
4097:
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2198:
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2001:
1994:
1987:
1924:
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1427:
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1118:
1007:
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955:
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418:
297:
213:
115:
75:
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726:
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648:
4906:
4828:
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4352:
4227:
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4206:
4063:
3903:
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3720:
3706:
3699:
3555:
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3534:
3402:
3340:
3144:
3109:
3039:
2951:
2881:
2872:
2833:
2790:
2636:
2622:
2525:
2480:
2473:
2431:
2417:
2375:
2368:
2271:
2212:
2072:
1953:
1913:
1880:
1796:
1705:
1537:
1082:
1029:
974:
447:
293:
220:
95:
4980:
4759:
4703:
4669:
4510:
4419:
4296:
4248:
4192:
4172:
4152:
3821:
3765:
3727:
3625:
3268:
3185:
3151:
2937:
2779:
2765:
2723:
2608:
2539:
2306:
2292:
2285:
2247:
1973:
1964:
1933:
1653:
1474:
1312:
1181:
1102:
1071:
986:
762:
289:
224:
772:
409:
4993:
4849:
4800:
3779:
3597:
3527:
3450:
3388:
3102:
2944:
2902:
2702:
2584:
968:
494:
465:
460:
85:
4883:
901:
860:
742:"Population diversity and relatedness in Sugarbirds (Promeropidae:
19:
For the bird of the
Americas sometimes known as the sugarbird, see
4821:
3959:
3896:
3889:
3416:
2008:
1714:
1483:
1278:
1167:
980:
475:
408:
240:
630:
Beresford, P.; Barker, F.K.; Ryan, P.G.; Crowe, T.M. (May 2005).
426:
and heavier than the females. Both species have long and slender
4967:
4545:
427:
216:
105:
4887:
2981:
1404:
1005:
927:
498:
464:
and are found in protea scrub. The Cape sugarbird is found in
376:
Lesotho, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, and
Zimbabwe
304:, three enigmatic African species formerly placed with the
398:
Western Cape and
Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa.
300:
family at present, although they form a clade with the
455:
are accepted, one in the north and one further south.
5053:
3733:
2802:
2663:
2590:
2573:
1629:
1619:
1534:
535:(in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche.
4896:
4769:
4686:
4659:
4639:
4402:
4382:
4362:
4258:
4182:
4162:
4142:
4087:
3997:
3872:
3845:
3675:
3655:
3635:
3440:
3371:
3302:
3282:
3244:
3175:
3092:
3083:
3049:
2994:
2871:
2823:
2789:
2508:
2323:
2261:
2181:
2147:
2138:
2048:
2039:
1963:
1943:
1923:
1903:
1894:
1744:
1724:
1704:
1670:
1643:
1610:
1601:
1563:
1533:
1513:
1493:
1473:
1453:
1444:
1417:
1369:
1349:
1329:
1288:
1254:
1233:
1212:
1101:
1081:
1060:
1039:
1018:
413:Female cape sugarbird, note the protruding tongue
683:"Earth history and the passerine superradiation"
468:and has also moved into gardens and nurseries.
292:). They have also been linked to the thrushes (
610:, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 486–497,
939:
8:
417:The two sugarbird species are medium-sized
4884:
3089:
2991:
2978:
2795:
2144:
2045:
1900:
1607:
1450:
1414:
1401:
1015:
1002:
946:
932:
924:
36:
27:
781:
771:
761:
716:
706:
657:
647:
577:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
573:"Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology"
341:
520:
246:was introduced by the French zoologist
5058:Taxa named by Mathurin Jacques Brisson
608:. Volume 13, Penduline-tits to Shrikes
816:. International Ornithologists' Union
598:
596:
594:
270:"close to" or "similar" and the genus
262:. The name of the genus combines the
7:
681:Oliveros, C.H.; et al. (2019).
554:Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1986).
636:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
606:Handbook of the Birds of the World
14:
446:Gurney's sugarbird is found from
557:Check-list of Birds of the World
381:
359:
339:The genus contains two species:
62:
920:on the Internet Bird Collection
808:; Donsker, David, eds. (2019).
1:
508:, and male sugarbirds defend
458:Sugarbirds are dependent on
814:World Bird List Version 9.1
330:effective population sizes.
5074:
227:or some of the Australian
18:
2990:
2977:
2798:
1413:
1400:
1014:
1001:
963:
529:Brisson, Mathurin Jacques
185:
180:
164:
157:
59:Scientific classification
57:
44:
35:
30:
5048:Birds of Southern Africa
958:and their extinct allies
442:Distribution and habitat
248:Mathurin Jacques Brisson
235:Taxonomy and systematics
708:10.1073/pnas.1813206116
324:loci, with no signs of
649:10.1098/rspb.2004.2997
481:
414:
479:
472:Behaviour and ecology
412:
436:convergent evolution
894:2003EmuAO.103...29C
853:2005EmuAO.105..293T
699:2019PNAS..116.7916O
839:inflorescences?".
763:10.7717/peerj.5000
482:
480:Gurney's sugarbird
415:
372:Gurney's sugarbird
306:Old World babblers
276:that contains the
5030:
5029:
5015:Open Tree of Life
4890:Taxon identifiers
4881:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4184:Paradoxornithidae
3278:
3277:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2504:
2503:
2257:
2256:
1890:
1889:
1597:
1596:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:
693:(16): 7916–7925.
642:(1565): 849–858.
617:978-84-96553-45-3
402:
401:
367:Promerops gurneyi
312:Genetic diversity
250:in 1760 with the
192:
191:
153:
134:
5065:
5023:
5022:
5010:
5009:
4997:
4996:
4984:
4983:
4971:
4970:
4958:
4957:
4945:
4944:
4932:
4931:
4930:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4885:
3735:
3090:
2992:
2979:
2804:
2796:
2665:
2592:
2575:
2145:
2046:
1901:
1631:
1621:
1608:
1536:
1451:
1415:
1402:
1016:
1003:
948:
941:
934:
925:
918:Sugarbird videos
906:
905:
871:
865:
864:
832:
826:
825:
823:
821:
802:
796:
795:
785:
775:
765:
737:
731:
730:
720:
710:
678:
672:
671:
661:
651:
627:
621:
620:
600:
589:
588:
586:
584:
568:
562:
561:
551:
545:
544:
525:
484:Nectar from the
385:
363:
342:
148:
129:
67:
66:
40:
28:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5063:
5062:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5026:
5018:
5013:
5005:
5000:
4992:
4987:
4979:
4974:
4966:
4961:
4953:
4948:
4940:
4935:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4911:
4910:
4905:
4892:
4882:
4869:
4843:Tephrozosterops
4765:
4682:
4655:
4635:
4398:
4378:
4358:
4254:
4178:
4158:
4138:
4083:
3993:
3868:
3841:
3671:
3657:Erythrocercidae
3651:
3631:
3436:
3367:
3327:Cryptosylvicola
3298:
3274:
3240:
3171:
3079:
3045:
2986:
2957:
2867:
2819:
2785:
2500:
2319:
2253:
2177:
2134:
2035:
1959:
1939:
1919:
1886:
1755:Campylorhynchus
1740:
1720:
1700:
1666:
1639:
1593:
1565:Ptiliogonatidae
1559:
1529:
1509:
1489:
1469:
1440:
1409:
1388:
1365:
1345:
1325:
1284:
1250:
1229:
1208:
1097:
1077:
1056:
1035:
1010:
997:
959:
952:
914:
909:
902:10.1071/MU01071
876:Promerops cafer
873:
872:
868:
861:10.1071/MU04042
834:
833:
829:
819:
817:
804:
803:
799:
739:
738:
734:
680:
679:
675:
629:
628:
624:
618:
602:
601:
592:
582:
580:
579:. Lynx Edicions
570:
569:
565:
553:
552:
548:
527:
526:
522:
518:
474:
444:
424:slightly larger
407:
389:Promerops cafer
348:Scientific name
337:
314:
256:Promerops cafer
237:
176:
170:
147:
128:
61:
51:Promerops cafer
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5071:
5069:
5061:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5035:
5034:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5024:
5011:
4998:
4985:
4972:
4959:
4946:
4933:
4918:
4902:
4900:
4894:
4893:
4888:
4879:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4867:
4860:
4853:
4846:
4839:
4832:
4825:
4818:
4811:
4804:
4797:
4790:
4783:
4775:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4756:
4749:
4742:
4735:
4728:
4721:
4714:
4707:
4700:
4692:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4673:
4665:
4663:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4645:
4643:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4626:
4623:Thescelocichla
4619:
4612:
4605:
4598:
4591:
4584:
4577:
4574:Phyllastrephus
4570:
4563:
4556:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4493:
4486:
4479:
4472:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4444:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4408:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4388:
4386:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4368:
4366:
4364:Phylloscopidae
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4349:
4342:
4335:
4328:
4321:
4314:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4286:
4279:
4272:
4269:Gampsorhynchus
4264:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4245:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4188:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4168:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4148:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4129:
4122:
4115:
4108:
4101:
4093:
4091:
4089:Macrosphenidae
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4003:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3984:
3981:Trochalopteron
3977:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3878:
3876:
3874:Leiothrichidae
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3859:
3851:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3832:
3829:Stelgidopteryx
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3801:Pseudochelidon
3797:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3681:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3661:
3659:
3653:
3652:
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3649:
3641:
3639:
3633:
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3630:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3559:
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3531:
3524:
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3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3446:
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3427:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3377:
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3369:
3368:
3366:
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3358:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3323:
3316:
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3306:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3288:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3250:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3181:
3179:
3177:Certhilaudinae
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3098:
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3087:
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3077:
3070:
3063:
3055:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3012:Calamonastides
3008:
3000:
2998:
2996:Acrocephalidae
2988:
2987:
2982:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2892:
2889:Chlamydochaera
2885:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2829:
2827:
2821:
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2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2588:
2581:
2571:
2564:
2561:Cinnyricinclus
2557:
2550:
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2536:
2529:
2522:
2514:
2512:
2506:
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2209:
2202:
2195:
2187:
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2153:
2151:
2142:
2136:
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2125:
2118:
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2097:
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2062:
2054:
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2043:
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2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
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1614:
1612:incertae sedis
1605:
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1446:Bombycilloidea
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912:External links
910:
908:
907:
866:
847:(4): 293–297.
827:
797:
732:
673:
622:
616:
590:
563:
546:
541:Vol. 2, p. 460
519:
517:
514:
486:inflorescences
473:
470:
443:
440:
406:
403:
400:
399:
396:
394:Cape sugarbird
391:
386:
378:
377:
374:
369:
364:
356:
355:
352:
349:
346:
336:
333:
318:microsatellite
313:
310:
308:and thrushes.
302:Modulatricidae
252:Cape sugarbird
236:
233:
208:, and family,
190:
189:
183:
182:
178:
177:
171:
162:
161:
155:
154:
140:
136:
135:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
55:
54:
47:Cape sugarbird
42:
41:
33:
32:
16:Genus of birds
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5070:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5021:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4938:
4934:
4929:
4923:
4919:
4914:
4908:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4886:
4866:
4865:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4847:
4845:
4844:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4836:Sterrhoptilus
4833:
4831:
4830:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4808:Megazosterops
4805:
4803:
4802:
4798:
4796:
4795:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4768:
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4755:
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4747:
4743:
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4740:
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4727:
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4719:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4679:
4678:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4658:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4641:Scotocercidae
4638:
4632:
4631:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4476:Calyptocichla
4473:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4448:Arizelocichla
4445:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4434:Altimastillas
4431:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4022:Cincloramphus
4019:
4017:
4016:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3999:Locustellidae
3996:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3911:Grammatoptila
3908:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3787:Psalidoprocne
3784:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3759:Petrochelidon
3756:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3686:Alopochelidon
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3666:Erythrocercus
3663:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3542:Micromacronus
3539:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3262:Heteromirafra
3259:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3159:Melanocorypha
3156:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2807:Meridiocichla
2801:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2745:Speculipastor
2742:
2740:
2739:
2738:Scissirostrum
2735:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2689:Onychognathus
2686:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2446:Myrmecocichla
2443:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2390:Heteroxenicus
2387:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2348:Campicoloides
2345:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2129:Xenocopsychus
2126:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2023:Ramphocinclus
2020:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1981:Cinclocerthia
1978:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1896:Muscicapoidea
1893:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1825:Odontorchilus
1822:
1820:
1819:
1818:Microcerculus
1815:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1746:Troglodytidae
1743:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1726:Tichodromidae
1723:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1672:Polioptilidae
1669:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1634:Kischinskinia
1628:
1626:
1625:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1495:Hylocitreidae
1492:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1455:Bombycillidae
1452:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1290:Stenostiridae
1287:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:Picathartidae
1211:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1189:Pseudopodoces
1186:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:Chloropseidae
1038:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1000:
994:
990:
988:
984:
982:
978:
976:
972:
970:
966:
965:
962:
957:
949:
944:
942:
937:
935:
930:
929:
926:
919:
916:
915:
911:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
882:
877:
870:
867:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
831:
828:
815:
811:
807:
801:
798:
793:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
755:
751:
747:
745:
736:
733:
728:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
677:
674:
669:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
641:
637:
633:
626:
623:
619:
613:
609:
607:
599:
597:
595:
591:
578:
574:
567:
564:
559:
558:
550:
547:
542:
538:
537:Vol. 1, p. 34
534:
530:
524:
521:
515:
513:
511:
507:
502:
500:
496:
491:
487:
478:
471:
469:
467:
463:
462:
456:
454:
449:
441:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
420:
411:
404:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
384:
380:
379:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
362:
358:
357:
354:Distribution
353:
350:
347:
344:
343:
340:
334:
332:
331:
327:
323:
322:mitochondrial
319:
311:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
286:
281:
279:
275:
274:
269:
265:
264:Ancient Greek
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
242:
234:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
215:
211:
207:
206:
201:
197:
188:
184:
179:
174:
169:
168:
163:
160:
156:
151:
146:
145:
141:
138:
137:
132:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
116:Passeriformes
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
65:
60:
56:
52:
48:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
4942:Promeropidae
4928:Promeropidae
4898:Promeropidae
4897:
4862:
4855:
4848:
4841:
4834:
4827:
4820:
4813:
4806:
4799:
4794:Dasycrotapha
4792:
4785:
4778:
4771:Zosteropidae
4758:
4751:
4744:
4739:Pomatorhinus
4737:
4730:
4725:Melanocichla
4723:
4716:
4711:Erythrogenys
4709:
4702:
4695:
4675:
4668:
4648:
4630:Tricholestes
4628:
4621:
4616:Stelgidillas
4614:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4558:
4551:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4483:Chlorocichla
4481:
4474:
4469:Brachypodius
4467:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4439:
4432:
4425:
4418:
4411:
4404:Pycnonotidae
4391:
4373:Phylloscopus
4371:
4351:
4346:Schoeniparus
4344:
4337:
4330:
4323:
4318:Malacopteron
4316:
4311:Malacocincla
4309:
4302:
4295:
4288:
4281:
4274:
4267:
4260:Pellorneidae
4247:
4240:
4235:Paradoxornis
4233:
4226:
4219:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4171:
4151:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4112:Macrosphenus
4110:
4103:
4096:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3925:Ianthocincla
3923:
3918:Heterophasia
3916:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3861:
3854:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3815:Pygochelidon
3813:
3808:Ptyonoprogne
3806:
3799:
3794:Pseudhirundo
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:Hirundinidae
3664:
3644:
3637:Donacobiidae
3624:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3472:Calamonastes
3470:
3465:Bathmocercus
3463:
3456:
3449:
3442:Cisticolidae
3429:
3422:
3415:
3410:Phyllergates
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3291:
3267:
3260:
3255:Calendulauda
3253:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3200:Ammomanopsis
3198:
3191:
3184:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3124:Chersophilus
3122:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3074:Psaltriparus
3072:
3067:Leptopoecile
3065:
3058:
3051:Aegithalidae
3038:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3005:Acrocephalus
3003:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2910:Entomodestes
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2860:
2853:
2848:Neocossyphus
2846:
2839:
2832:
2812:
2805:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2759:Streptocitta
2757:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2656:
2649:
2644:Lamprotornis
2642:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2602:Goodfellowia
2600:
2593:
2583:
2576:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2519:Acridotheres
2517:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2334:Brachypteryx
2332:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2170:
2165:Cercotrichas
2163:
2156:
2140:Muscicapinae
2127:
2122:Swynnertonia
2120:
2113:
2106:
2101:Pogonocichla
2099:
2092:
2085:
2080:Cossyphicula
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2041:Muscicapidae
2028:
2021:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1952:
1932:
1912:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1860:Thryorchilus
1858:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1832:Pheugopedius
1830:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1776:Cinnycerthia
1774:
1767:
1762:Cantorchilus
1760:
1753:
1733:
1713:
1695:Ramphocaenus
1693:
1686:
1679:
1659:
1652:
1632:
1622:
1611:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1552:
1545:
1522:
1515:Hypocoliidae
1502:
1482:
1462:
1433:
1426:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1299:Chelidorhynx
1297:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1243:
1235:Promeropidae
1222:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1161:Pardaliparus
1159:
1154:Melanochlora
1152:
1145:
1140:Machlolophus
1138:
1131:
1126:Cephalopyrus
1124:
1117:
1110:
1090:
1070:
1049:
1028:
991:Infraorder:
888:(1): 29–35.
885:
879:
875:
869:
844:
840:
836:
830:
818:. Retrieved
813:
800:
753:
749:
743:
735:
690:
686:
676:
639:
635:
625:
604:
581:. Retrieved
576:
566:
556:
549:
532:
523:
503:
489:
483:
459:
457:
445:
416:
388:
366:
338:
315:
282:
271:
267:
260:type species
255:
243:
238:
210:Promeropidae
209:
204:
203:
198:are a small
195:
193:
186:
167:Merops cafer
165:
159:Type species
143:
142:
126:Promeropidae
125:
50:
25:
4989:iNaturalist
4922:Wikispecies
4864:Zosterornis
4780:Apalopteron
4746:Spelaeornis
4581:Poliolophus
4553:Microtarsus
4384:Pnoepygidae
4339:Ptilocichla
4276:Graminicola
4242:Rhopophilus
4144:Nicatoridae
4126:Sphenoeacus
4078:Schoenicola
4036:Helopsaltes
4029:Elaphrornis
4008:Bradypterus
3974:Pterorhinus
3967:Montecincla
3863:Pholidornis
3836:Tachycineta
3773:Phedinopsis
3752:Orochelidon
3738:Miochelidon
3612:Schistolais
3605:Scepomycter
3563:Oreophilais
3493:Drymocichla
3479:Camaroptera
3362:Xanthomixis
3304:Bernieridae
3284:Alcippeidae
3235:Ramphocoris
3228:Pinarocorys
3221:Eremopterix
3214:Chersomanes
3207:Certhilauda
3117:Calandrella
2825:Myadestinae
2630:Hartlaubius
2568:Creatophora
2547:Arizelopsar
2467:Pinarochroa
2460:Phoenicurus
2325:Saxicolinae
2300:Leucoptilon
2227:Melaenornis
2183:Muscicapini
2115:Stiphrornis
2087:Dessonornis
2059:Chamaetylas
2050:Erithacinae
2016:Oreoscoptes
1945:Elachuridae
1874:Troglodytes
1867:Thryothorus
1853:Thryophilus
1811:Hylorchilus
1804:Henicorhina
1790:Cyphorhinus
1783:Cistothorus
1603:Certhioidea
1588:Ptiliogonys
1581:Phainoptila
1574:Phainopepla
1547:Chaetoptila
1407:Muscicapida
1382:Passeroidea
1371:Passeroidea
1360:See below ↓
1340:See below ↓
1331:Muscicapida
1265:Anthoscopus
1224:Picathartes
1147:Melaniparus
1133:Lophophanes
1020:Chaetopidae
806:Gill, Frank
510:territories
405:Description
351:Common Name
229:honeyeaters
5037:Categories
4815:Parayuhina
4787:Cleptornis
4697:Cyanoderma
4688:Timaliidae
4650:Scotocerca
4588:Pycnonotus
4518:Hypsipetes
4497:Euptilotus
4441:Andropadus
4427:Alophoixus
4413:Acritillas
4332:Pellorneum
4290:Illadopsis
4283:Gypsophila
4119:Melocichla
4105:Cryptillas
4043:Locustella
3883:Actinodura
3745:Neophedina
3714:Cheramoeca
3646:Donacobius
3619:Spiloptila
3584:Phyllolais
3577:Phragmacia
3570:Orthotomus
3521:Hypergerus
3458:Artisornis
3382:Abroscopus
3355:Thamnornis
3334:Hartertula
3320:Crossleyia
3246:Mirafrinae
3166:Spizocorys
3138:Eremophila
3131:Eremalauda
3060:Aegithalos
3019:Chloropeta
2984:Sylvioidea
2924:Hylocichla
2896:Cichlopsis
2862:Stizorhina
2814:Pinarornis
2773:Sturnornis
2752:Spodiopsar
2731:Saroglossa
2717:Rhabdornis
2682:Notopholia
2595:Fregilupus
2578:Cryptopsar
2554:Basilornis
2533:Ampeliceps
2488:Thamnolaea
2411:Leonardina
2383:Heinrichia
2362:Emarginata
2355:Cinclidium
2279:Cyanoptila
2263:Niltavinae
2241:Namibornis
2206:Empidornis
2149:Copsychini
2108:Sheppardia
2066:Cichladusa
1905:Buphagidae
1846:Thryomanes
1839:Salpinctes
1735:Tichodroma
1688:Polioptila
1681:Microbates
1645:Certhiidae
1524:Hypocolius
1504:Hylocitrea
1464:Bombycilla
1351:Sylvioidea
1320:Stenostira
1306:Culicicapa
1203:Sylviparus
1196:Sittiparus
1112:Baeolophus
1062:Hyliotidae
1051:Chloropsis
985:Suborder:
956:passerides
954:Genera of
773:2263/66416
516:References
506:monogamous
453:subspecies
419:passerines
328:and large
326:inbreeding
285:honeyeater
278:bee-eaters
221:restricted
196:sugarbirds
187:See text.
31:Sugarbird
21:Bananaquit
5043:Promerops
4857:Zosterops
4753:Stachyris
4661:Sylviidae
4560:Neolestes
4455:Baeopogon
4325:Napothera
4304:Laticilla
4200:Chrysomma
4164:Panuridae
4133:Sylvietta
4098:Achaetops
4071:Robsonius
4057:Megalurus
4015:Catriscus
3988:Turdoides
3953:Liocichla
3946:Leiothrix
3939:Leioptila
3932:Laniellus
3693:Atronanus
3591:Poliolais
3514:Euryptila
3507:Eremomela
3486:Cisticola
3431:Urosphena
3424:Tickellia
3396:Hemitesia
3373:Cettiidae
3313:Bernieria
3193:Ammomanes
3094:Alaudinae
3085:Alaudidae
3026:Hippolais
2931:Ridgwayia
2917:Geokichla
2841:Myadestes
2710:Poeoptera
2675:Neocichla
2668:Necropsar
2651:Leucopsar
2616:Gracupica
2510:Sturnidae
2495:Vauriella
2439:Myophonus
2425:Monticola
2404:Larvivora
2314:Sholicola
2234:Muscicapa
2220:Humblotia
2199:Bradornis
2172:Copsychus
2094:Erithacus
2030:Toxostoma
2002:Melanotis
1995:Margarops
1988:Dumetella
1925:Cinclidae
1769:Catherpes
1661:Salpornis
1624:Certhiops
1428:Corthylio
1419:Regulidae
1272:Auriparus
1256:Remizidae
1245:Promerops
1175:Periparus
1119:Cyanistes
1008:Passerida
993:Passerida
967:Kingdom:
756:: e5000.
744:Promerops
298:monotypic
258:) as the
244:Promerops
214:passerine
205:Promerops
144:Promerops
82:Kingdom:
76:Eukaryota
4907:Wikidata
4829:Staphida
4732:Mixornis
4718:Macronus
4609:Spizixos
4602:Setornis
4595:Rubigula
4539:Ixonotus
4504:Eurillas
4490:Criniger
4393:Pnoepyga
4353:Turdinus
4228:Myzornis
4221:Moupinia
4214:Lioparus
4207:Fulvetta
4064:Poodytes
3904:Garrulax
3847:Hyliidae
3721:Delichon
3707:Cecropis
3700:Atticora
3556:Oreolais
3549:Neomixis
3535:Malcorus
3403:Horornis
3341:Oxylabes
3145:Galerida
3110:Alaudala
3040:Nesillas
2952:Zoothera
2882:Catharus
2873:Turdinae
2834:Grandala
2791:Turdidae
2637:Hylopsar
2623:Grafisia
2526:Agropsar
2481:Tarsiger
2474:Saxicola
2453:Oenanthe
2432:Myiomela
2418:Luscinia
2376:Ficedula
2369:Enicurus
2341:Calliope
2272:Anthipes
2213:Fraseria
2192:Agricola
2073:Cossypha
1954:Elachura
1914:Buphagus
1881:Uropsila
1797:Ferminia
1706:Sittidae
1538:Mohoidae
1083:Irenidae
1030:Chaetops
975:Chordata
973:Phylum:
969:Animalia
792:29915704
727:30936315
668:15888418
531:(1760).
448:Zimbabwe
294:Turdidae
290:sunbirds
225:sunbirds
181:Species
173:Linnaeus
122:Family:
96:Chordata
92:Phylum:
86:Animalia
72:Domain:
5020:3599437
4981:5788708
4968:4422700
4913:Q855761
4760:Timalia
4704:Dumetia
4670:Curruca
4511:Hemixos
4420:Alcurus
4297:Kenopia
4249:Suthora
4193:Chamaea
4173:Panurus
4153:Nicator
3822:Riparia
3766:Phedina
3728:Hirundo
3626:Urolais
3293:Alcippe
3269:Mirafra
3186:Alaemon
3152:Lullula
2938:Ixoreus
2780:Sturnus
2766:Sturnia
2724:Sarcops
2609:Gracula
2540:Aplonis
2307:Niltava
2293:Eumyias
2286:Cyornis
2248:Sigelus
1974:Allenia
1965:Mimidae
1934:Cinclus
1654:Certhia
1475:Dulidae
1435:Regulus
1313:Elminia
1182:Poecile
1103:Paridae
1072:Hyliota
987:Passeri
979:Class:
890:Bibcode
849:Bibcode
820:4 April
783:6004301
718:6475423
695:Bibcode
659:1599865
583:3 April
488:of the
335:Species
150:Brisson
139:Genus:
112:Order:
102:Class:
5007:915674
4850:Yuhina
4801:Heleia
4677:Sylvia
4532:Ixodia
3780:Progne
3598:Prinia
3528:Incana
3500:Eminia
3451:Apalis
3389:Cettia
3348:Randia
3103:Alauda
2945:Turdus
2903:Cochoa
2855:Sialia
2703:Pholia
2696:Pastor
2585:Enodes
2397:Irania
2158:Alethe
837:Protea
790:
780:
746:spp.)"
725:
715:
666:
656:
614:
495:Apidae
490:Protea
466:fynbos
461:Protea
432:niches
273:Merops
175:, 1758
152:, 1760
133:, 1825
131:Vigors
4994:71357
4822:Rukia
4462:Bleda
4050:Malia
3960:Minla
3897:Cutia
3890:Argya
3856:Hylia
3417:Tesia
3033:Iduna
2009:Mimus
1715:Sitta
1484:Dulus
1279:Remiz
1168:Parus
1092:Irena
750:PeerJ
499:flies
428:bills
345:Image
241:genus
217:birds
212:, of
200:genus
45:Male
5002:ITIS
4976:GBIF
4546:Ixos
4525:Iole
2658:Mino
1554:Moho
1380:See
981:Aves
878:)".
822:2019
788:PMID
723:PMID
664:PMID
612:ISBN
585:2019
497:and
320:and
266:προ
239:The
194:The
106:Aves
4963:EoL
4955:F37
4950:CoL
4937:ADW
4567:Nok
898:doi
886:103
881:Emu
857:doi
845:105
841:Emu
778:PMC
768:hdl
758:doi
713:PMC
703:doi
691:116
654:PMC
644:doi
640:272
268:pro
5039::
5017::
5004::
4991::
4978::
4965::
4952::
4939::
4924::
4909::
896:.
884:.
855:.
843:.
812:.
786:.
776:.
766:.
752:.
748:.
721:.
711:.
701:.
689:.
685:.
662:.
652:.
638:.
634:.
593:^
575:.
539:,
280:.
219:,
202:,
53:)
3734:†
2803:†
2664:†
2591:†
2574:†
1630:†
1620:†
1535:†
1237:?
1216:?
1064:?
1043:?
1022:?
947:e
940:t
933:v
904:.
900::
892::
863:.
859::
851::
824:.
794:.
770::
760::
754:6
729:.
705::
697::
670:.
646::
587:.
543:.
254:(
49:(
23:.
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