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The name strictly means "parrot's beak", and is often referred to as the "nose" of the temple superstructure, as part of the understanding of the temple as representing in its various parts the anatomy of the deity. Various early texts set out proportions for the shape of the sukasana, centred on a
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halls. Initially these were a large practical window admitting light to the interior, and reflecting the shape of the curved internal roof, based on timber and thatch predecessors. Later, these large motifs developed into a setting for sculpture that was largely "blind" or not actually an opening
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or public worship hall and the garbhagriha. In these cases the projection is over the antarala. Some temples have large gavaksha motifs, in effect sukanasas, on all four faces of the shikara, and there may be two tiers of sukanasa going up the tower. Sukasanas are also often found in
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It often contains an image of the deity to whom the temple is dedicated inside this frame, or other figurative subjects. The vertical face may be the termination of a horizontally-projecting structure of the same shape, especially in temples with an
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head, the open-mouthed monster swallowing or vomiting the rest of the motif below. As with the gavaksha, the motif represents a window through which the light of the deity shines out across the world.
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circular gavaksha, and its size in proportion to the rest of the temple, especially the height of the shikara. They vary and in any case are not always followed.
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or "window" motif, with an ornamental frame above and to the sides, forming a roughly triangular shape. In discussing temples in
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83:. The forms of the sukanasa can vary considerably, but it normally has a vertical face, very often in the form of a large
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local authors tend to use "sukanasi" (the preferred form in these cases) as a term for the whole structure of the
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Indian Temple
Architecture: Form and Transformation : the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries
196:), often stands over the barrel roof as sculpture in the round. Among other places, this can be seen at the
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173:(7–8th century), using his terminology where "Karnataka Dravida" architecture is treated as a form of
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The sukanasa appears to develop from later forms of the large "chaitya arch" on the outside facade of
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from the side. Projecting sukanasa with free-standing sculpture on the top of the
Hoysala emblem.
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in the wall. Both phases now only survive in rock-cut "cave temples" at sites such as the
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crest of warrior fighting a lion, on the roof of the sukanasa projection,
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or ante-chamber from the floor to the top of the sukanasa roof above.
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487:, 2nd edn. 1994, Yale University Press Pelican History of Art,
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is an external ornamented feature over the entrance to the
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Especially in the south, the sukanasa may be topped by a
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202:Nageshvara-Chennakeshava Temple complex, Mosale
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71:or inner shrine. It sits on the face of the
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501:, Ahimsa Foundation (www.jainsamaj.org)
499:"Jaina Monuments In Southern Karnataka"
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511:, Volume 1, 1996 (originally 1946),
446:A Complete Guide to Hoysala Temples
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298:, with very elaborate sukanasa.
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255:Galaganatha Temple, Pattadakal
206:Kedareshvara Temple, Balligavi
124:Kedareshvara Temple, Balligavi
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221:Bucesvara Temple, Koravangala
198:Bucesvara Temple, Koravangala
179:Badami Chalukya architecture
103:or ante-chamber between the
75:tower (in South India, the
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296:Adinatha temple, Khajuraho
177:; others describe this as
550:Hindu temple architecture
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45:Hindu temple architecture
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555:Architectural elements
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253:The partly dismantled
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175:Dravidian architecture
171:Parvati temple, Sandur
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35:, Jambulinga Temple,
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186:Hoysala architecture
236:Brihadisvara Temple
387:Kramrisch, 240–242
324:Kramrisch, 240–241
181:or similar terms.
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505:Kramrisch, Stella
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463:Hardy, Adam
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274:Bhubaneswar
69:garbhagriha
544:Categories
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517:8120802225
493:0300062176
475:8170173124
439:References
432:Harle, 257
351:Harle, 147
333:Harle, 140
278:kirtimukha
204:, and the
194:Indian art
167:Adam Hardy
135:kirtimukha
37:Pattadakal
360:Hardy, 34
240:Thanjavur
112:temples.
89:Karnataka
148:Buddhist
101:antarala
93:antarala
85:gavaksha
65:sukanasi
53:Sanskrit
49:sukanasa
18:Sukanasi
276:, with
151:chaitya
142:History
120:Hoysala
105:mandapa
81:antefix
73:sikhara
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292:Latina
160:Ellora
77:vimana
57:शुकनास
304:Notes
531:ISBN
513:ISBN
489:ISBN
471:ISBN
450:ISBN
110:Jain
61:IAST
184:In
43:In
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47:a
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